Background:

1. Career Exploration and Multiple Career Pathways.

Multiple Pathways. The state's comprehensive plan for workforce training entitled "High Skills, High Wages 2008-2018" identifies four objectives in achieving the goal of ensuring that "all youth receive the education, training, and support they need for success in postsecondary education and/or work." One of these objectives is that "all students leave high school prepared for success in further education and/or work." The latest annual progress report from the Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board (WTECB) to the Legislature includes a long term goal that "no later than 2018 all high school students across Washington have the option to complete a career and technical education sequence that matches their career interests, articulates with postsecondary education, and results in industry certification where applicable." Steps related to achieving this goal include: developing statewide programs of study; fostering an education system that supports multiple pathways; and having graduation requirements that accommodate a career-focused high school education. A recent report entitled "Pathways to Prosperity: Meeting the Challenge of Preparing Young Americans for the 21st Century" from the Harvard Graduate School of Education also advocates for multiple pathways to success with increased work-based learning for students.

Basic Education. The Program of Basic Education is defined as that which is necessary to provide students the opportunity to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to meet the high school graduation requirements, which are established by the State Board of Education (SBE). The graduation requirements are intended to allow students the opportunity to graduate with a diploma that prepares them for postsecondary education, gainful employment, and citizenship.

Course Equivalencies. School districts must adopt course equivalencies for career and technical education and academic courses.

School-to-Work. The WTECB must facilitate the development of programs for school-to-work transition that combine classroom education and on-the-job training in certain industries and occupations.

2. Coordination of Career Pathway and Opportunity Programs.

Career Pathway and Opportunity Programs. Various programs provide financial aid or other assistance for eligible students to obtain education and training. These programs include the Opportunity Internship Program, which offers paid and unpaid internships for low-income students to gain work experience in targeted, in-demand industries.

3. Secondary and Postsecondary Career Guidance and Career Pathways.

Career and Technical Education. The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction and various agencies work with local schools and institutions of higher education to develop model career and technical education programs of study. Model programs must lead to an industry credential or an associate or baccalaureate degree. New model programs must be developed with a priority on high-demand programs.

Guidance and Planning Programs. School districts are encouraged to offer comprehensive guidance and planning programs that include certain components, such as a curriculum to help students plan for their futures, regular meetings with advisors, and student-led conferences with advisors and parents.

High School Graduation Requirements. The SBE must re-evaluate graduation requirements for career and technical education programs to ensure that students have sufficient opportunity to earn the program's certificate or credential and complete other graduation requirements. The SBE requires students to complete a High School and Beyond Plan for graduation, but the content is determined by local districts.

Educational Pathways. Middle, junior high, and high schools using educational pathways must ensure that participating students continue to have access to courses and instruction necessary to meet admission requirements at baccalaureate institutions. Educational pathways include worksite learning, internships, tech prep, and career and technical education.

Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST). I-BEST pairs workforce training and adult basic education or English as second language programs. Students learn basic skills while learning workplace skills.

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Summary of Substitute Bill:

1. Findings and Intent.

Multiple Career Pathways. The Legislature finds that multiple pathways lead to marketable job skills and productive careers, and intends that the state become the fastest-growing supplier of highly skilled workers for targeted industries.

Middle-Income Bracket. The Legislature also adopts a goal of increasing the percentage of Washington households living in the middle-income bracket, and a strategy of increasing the number of secondary and postsecondary program graduates and completers, especially in fields with high economic demand.

Strategic Plans. Certain agencies are required to incorporate this goal and strategy into their strategic plans and include additional appropriate strategies in their plans for reaching this goal. These agencies include: the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OPSI), the State Board of Education (SBE), the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, the Higher Education Coordinating Board (HECB) or its successor, the Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board (WTECB), and the Employment Security Department (collectively, "state education and workforce agencies") as well as the Department of Commerce, the Washington State Apprenticeship and Training Council, and the Department of Social and Health Services.

2. Career Exploration and Multiple Career Pathways.

Definitions. Various terms are defined. A "career pathway" is a series of coordinated education and training programs and support services aligned with a career cluster. A "program of study" is a coordinated, non duplicative progression of courses within a career pathway that aligns academic and career and technical education in secondary education with post secondary education.

Multiple Career Pathways. State education and workforce agencies must include information about multiple career pathways in materials and communications regarding career opportunities or career exploration. The SBE must illustrate options and strategies for students to pursue multiple career pathways in materials and communications regarding high school graduation requirements. School districts must provide information to students in grades 6 through 12 about multiple career pathways in newsletters and websites.

Employment Prospects and Earnings. State education and workforce agencies must provide information about employment prospects and earnings for apprenticeships in analyses comparing such information for high school graduates, two-year degrees, or baccalaureate degrees. They also must disaggregate such information about two-year and baccalaureate degrees by academic major or by major academic unit in such analyses.

Online Career Exploration Tools and Mentor Program. The WTECB must identify online career exploration tools for exploring multiple pathways. The WTECB also must create annually a list of promising careers. Along with the WTECB, state education and workforce agencies, community and technical colleges, WorkSource centers, and public libraries must publicize the online tools and promising careers. School districts must provide information to students in grades 6 through 12. The WTECB must work with statewide business organizations to develop an online volunteer mentor program supported by business organizations or foundations.

Career Exploration Partnership Zone. The WTECB must develop criteria and an application process for designating regional coordinators for between eight and 12 career exploration partnership zones, as well as performance monitoring reports. The regional coordinators must: serve as clearinghouses for youth employment opportunities; develop internship, mentoring, and advising opportunities; encourage students to use the online tools and online mentor program; and seek public and private sector funding.

Basic Education. The definition of "basic education" is amended to describe "postsecondary education" as including pre-apprenticeship, apprenticeship, workforce training programs, community and technical colleges, and baccalaureate and post-baccalaureate opportunities. As part of basic education, school districts must offer programs in career and technical education that prepare students for postsecondary education.

Course Equivalencies. School districts may not prohibit students from enrolling in career and technical course equivalencies if they have not been successful in equivalent academic courses.

Programs of Study. The WTECB must facilitate the development of programs of study. Along with other agencies, the WTECB must work with local school districts, community and technical colleges, and four-year institutions to: develop model programs of study within career pathways; maximize opportunities to benefit from dual credit programs, articulation agreements, and prior learning assessments; and expand opportunities for work-based learning. Programs of study replace programs for school-to-work transition.

3. Coordination of Career Pathway and Opportunity Programs.

Coordination. State education and workforce agencies must work together to ensure that certain programs operate seamlessly. These programs include: Opportunity Internships and Opportunity Grants, as well as programs supported by the Opportunity Express Account, the College Bound Scholarship, and the Pay for Actual Student Success (PASS) Program.

Opportunity Pathways Account. Authorized expenditures from the Opportunity Pathways Account are modified to include the Opportunity Internship Program and programs supported by the Opportunity Express Account.

Opportunity Internships. Eligibility requirements for the Opportunity Internship Program are modified to include students who qualify for a State Need Grant or the Workforce Investment Act Title I-B Youth Program, and also those who receive a GED. The HECB must notify graduates of their eligibility to receive a State Need Grant. Consortia are encouraged to provide stipends or financial incentives for internship and pre-apprenticeship completion. The WTECB must report on whether the Opportunity Internship Program's performance warrants expanding participation to include students from middle-income families.

Continuing Education and Training Accounts. The WTECB must develop a proposal to establish employee benefit accounts for continuing education and training that employers may offer and that may be funded by employer, employee, and state contributions. The report must be submitted by December 1, 2012.

4. Secondary and Postsecondary Career Guidance and Career Pathways.

Guidance and Planning Programs. The components of comprehensive guidance and planning programs are modified to include student planning portfolios and student-driven scheduling of courses. School districts are encouraged to use a curriculum that includes: exploration of career pathway options, opportunities for career and technical education, and pre-apprenticeships and apprenticeships, as well as exploration of multiple career pathways in emerging and high-demand programs.

High School Graduation Requirements. The SBE must ensure that graduation requirements provide students whose plans do not include immediate baccalaureate entrance to complete a program of study and other graduation requirements, without waivers, permissions, or other additional administrative requirements or procedures.

High School and Beyond Plans. School districts are encouraged to have middle, junior high, and high school students develop High School and Beyond plans with specified components. The plans should include: a four-year plan for course-taking, including selecting a program of study; research, site visits, and an application for postsecondary education; and preparation of a resume.

Career Pathways. Public high schools are encouraged to offer multiple high school programs of study within career pathways. The OSPI must develop model frameworks for high school programs of study within career pathways. High school work-based learning is defined as including a wide range of activities.

Teaching Certification. The Professional Educator Standards Board must review standards for teaching certification to determine whether the standards include the skills and knowledge to offer contextualized learning activities for students by October 1, 2012, and to revise the standards to the extent necessary by January 1, 2013.

Career Counseling. Institutions of higher education are encouraged to offer comprehensive career counseling for all students and to develop partnerships with WorkSource agencies to offer counseling services.

Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST). Community and technical colleges must offer I-BEST programs for students requiring basic skills and literacy.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony:

(In support) This proposal recognizes that there is dignity in all work, and there is high demand for skilled jobs at all levels. Post secondary training does not always mean a university degree. It can mean a technical degree or an apprenticeship, which may also lead to an outstanding career. This proposal also recognizes that kids have their own passions, and want to grow up to be what they believe will be rewarding.

This proposal helps students and their parents navigate the system, so they understand what options are available. It puts information in their hands in a timely manner, so they can maximize their ability to access launch year and dual credit programs. It also helps align what happens with career and technical education in high school with what happens at the centers of excellence at the community colleges.

(In support with concerns) This proposal takes the next step in representing what career and technical education can do. It is a viable pathway for students, and can lead to high-demand, high-wage jobs. It encourages career exploration at all levels. A mark-up identifying concerns has been provided to the prime sponsor and staff.

(Neutral) This proposal is aligned with the state's strategic plan for workforce development, and supported by the report entitled "Pathways to Prosperity." This report found that the system is failing to prepare students for success in their lives and careers, and that the future labor market will increasingly demand greater education and training. This proposal takes important steps to address this issue. It broadens postsecondary education to include all forms, including certificates, apprenticeships, associate degrees, and four-year degrees. It also engages middle school students in the process of career exploration, and encourages high school students to select a career pathway and program of study. Finally, it recognizes the importance of engaging industry in education.

(Other) One fix is needed. Four-year institutions should not be required to publicize online tools and promising careers on their websites. This information should be publicized by system-wide entities, not individual institutions.

(Opposed) None.