SENATE BILL REPORT

SSB 5425

This analysis was prepared by non-partisan legislative staff for the use of legislative members in their deliberations. This analysis is not a part of the legislation nor does it constitute a statement of legislative intent.

As Amended by House, April 12, 2019

Title: An act relating to maternal mortality reviews.

Brief Description: Concerning maternal mortality reviews.

Sponsors: Senate Committee on Health & Long Term Care (originally sponsored by Senators Cleveland, Keiser, Becker and Hasegawa; by request of Department of Health).

Committee Activity: Health & Long Term Care: 2/01/19, 2/13/19 [DPS-WM].

Ways & Means: 2/26/19, 2/27/19 [DPS (HLTC)].

Floor Activity:

Passed Senate: 3/06/19, 46-0.Passed House: 4/12/19, 98-0.

Brief Summary of First Substitute Bill

Extends the Maternal Mortality Review Panel (Review Panel).
Modifies the membership, data sharing, and reporting requirements for the Review Panel.
Permits patient mental health service records be disclosed to the Secretary of Health for the purposes of the Review Panel.
Requires counties that provide autopsies for the purposes of the Review Panel be reimbursed by the state's Death Investigations Account at 100 percent of the cost.

SENATE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH & LONG TERM CARE

Majority Report: That Substitute Senate Bill No. 5425 be substituted therefor, and the substitute bill do pass and be referred to Committee on Ways & Means.

Signed by Senators Cleveland, Chair; Randall, Vice Chair; O'Ban, Ranking Member; Bailey, Becker, Conway, Dhingra, Frockt, Keiser and Van De Wege.

Staff: LeighBeth Merrick (786-7445)

SENATE COMMITTEE ON WAYS & MEANS

Majority Report: Do pass.

Signed by Senators Rolfes, Chair; Frockt, Vice Chair, Operating, Capital Lead; Mullet, Capital Budget Cabinet; Braun, Ranking Member; Brown, Assistant Ranking Member, Operating; Honeyford, Assistant Ranking Member, Capital; Bailey, Becker, Billig, Carlyle, Conway, Darneille, Hasegawa, Hunt, Keiser, Liias, Palumbo, Pedersen, Rivers, Schoesler, Van De Wege, Wagoner, Warnick and Wilson, L..

Staff: Michele Alishahi (786-7433)

Background: Maternal Mortality Review Panel. In 2016, the Legislature established the Review Panel to conduct comprehensive, multidisciplinary reviews of maternal deaths occurring in Washington State, to identify factors associated with the death, and to make recommendations for system changes to improve healthcare services for women.

"Maternal mortality" or "maternal death" means a death of a woman while pregnant or within one year of delivering or following the end of pregnancy, whether or not the woman's death is related or aggravated by the pregnancy.

The Review Panel is supported by the Department of Health (DOH), and members of the Review Panel are appointed by the Secretary of DOH and may include an obstetrician; a physician specializing in maternal fetal medicine; a neonatologist; a midwife with licensure in Washington; a representative from DOH who works in the field of maternal and child health; a DOH epidemiologist with experience analyzing perinatal data; a pathologist; and a representative of the community mental health centers.

All individually identifiable information must be removed before any case review is conducted by the Review Panel. The Review Panel may retain identifiable information regarding facilities where maternal deaths, or from which the patient was transferred, occur and geographic information on each case solely for the purposes of trending and analysis over time.

DOH has the authority to request and receive data for specific maternal deaths from health care providers, health care facilities, clinics, laboratories, medical examiners, coroners, professions and facilities licensed by DOH, local health jurisdictions, the Health Care Authority, and the Department of Social and Health Services.

In July 2017, the Review Panel issued their findings and recommendations to the Legislature. The report indicated the state's maternal mortality rates have remained steady since the 1990s, and identified 69 maternal deaths during 2014-2015. Of those deaths identified, the Review Panel determined 16 were pregnancy-related and 53 were pregnancy-associated—not related—deaths. The Review Panel must submit another report in July 2019 and is set to expire on June 30, 2020.

Confidentiality of Mental Health Service Records. Both state and federal law requires health care providers to keep certain patient health care information confidential. The federal law establishes minimum requirements and state's may establish additional requirements. Washington State law requires mental health service providers to keep all patient records confidential unless a specific exception applies. Generally, a specific exception may apply when a patient's mental health information is disclosed for the purposes of care coordination, law enforcement, treatment, or research.

Death Investigations Account. The Death Investigations Account (DIA) is an appropriated account that funds various activities related to investigations of deaths in the state. The DIA is funded by revenues that are received from a fee charged by DOH and local registrars for providing certified copies of a birth, death, fetal death, marriage, divorce, annulment, or legal separation record.

Summary of First Substitute Bill: The Review Panel must have at least one person who is a tribal representative as a member. Other members are selected at the discretion of DOH and may include women's medical, nursing, and service providers; obstetric medical, nursing, and service providers; newborn or pediatric medical, nursing, and service providers; birthing hospital or licensed birth center representative; coroners, medical examiners, or pathologists; behavioral health and service providers; state agency representatives; individuals or organizations that represent the populations most affected by pregnancy-related deaths or pregnancy-associated deaths and lack of access to maternal health care services; a representative from DOH who works in the field of maternal and child health; and a DOH epidemiologist with experience analyzing perinatal data.

The Review Panel's June 30, 2020, expiration date is eliminated. The Review Panel must submit a report to the Senate and House health care committees by October 1, 2019, and every three years thereafter.

DOH has the authority to request and receive data for specific maternal deaths from Department of Children, Youth, and Families, and a patient's mental health service records may be released to the Secretary of Health for the purposes of the Review Panel. DOH may enter into signed written data-sharing agreements that permit DOH to release either data or findings with indirect identifiers or both to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, regional maternal mortality review efforts, local health jurisdictions of Washington State, or tribes at DOH's discretion. A written-data sharing agreement must:

include a description of the proposed purpose of the request, the scientific justification for the proposal, the type of data needed, and the purpose for which the data will be used;
include the methods to be used to protect the confidentiality and security of the data;
prohibit redisclosure of any identifiers without express written permission from DOH;
prohibit the recipient of the data from attempting to determine the identity of persons or parties whose information is included in the data or use the data in any manner that identifies individuals or their family members, or health care providers and facilities;
state that ownership of the data remains with DOH, and ownership is not transferred to those authorized to receive and use the data under the agreement; and
require the recipient of the data to include appropriate citations when the data is used in research reports or publications or research findings.

Hospitals and licensed birth centers must make a reasonable and good faith effort to report all deaths that occur during pregnancy or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy to the local coroner or medical examiner. These deaths must be reported within 36 hours after death. Local coroners or medical examiners that receive the death report must conduct a death investigation, with autopsy strongly recommended. Autopsies must follow the DOH guidelines, and will be reimbursed to the counties at 100 percent of cost by the state's DIA.

Technical and clarifying changes are made including:

maternal mortality is changed to mean a death of woman while pregnant or within one year of the end of a pregnancy from any cause;
the Review Panel may retain identifiable information regarding where maternal deaths occur, or facilities from which a patient whose record is or will be examined by the Review Panel was transferred, and geographic information on each case for the purposes of determining trends, performing analysis over time, and for quality improvement efforts; and
DOH may request specific maternal death data to coordinate quality improvement efforts.

Appropriation: None.

Fiscal Note: Available.

Creates Committee/Commission/Task Force that includes Legislative members: No.

Effective Date: Ninety days after adjournment of session in which bill is passed.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony on Original Bill (Health & Long Term Care): The committee recommended a different version of the bill than what was heard. PRO: It is important the state does all that it can to prevent maternal deaths. By evaluating and analyzing pregnancy related deaths the state is taking a proactive role in preventing maternal deaths. In the U.S., the maternal death rate is on the rise. Fifty to sixty percent of these death are preventable. It is critical to prioritize maternal health and investigate deaths that occur. Consumers should have a voice on the Review Panel. Establishing a permanent review positions the state to receive more funding to address the issue. The funding this bill provides for autopsies will help identify why deaths occurred. Sharing data will help compare Washington's findings to other states and national trends.

Persons Testifying (Health & Long Term Care): PRO: Senator Annette Cleveland, Prime Sponsor; Laura Sienas, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Molly Belozer Firth, citizen; Lacy Fehrenbach, DOH; Neva Gerke, Midwives' Association.

Persons Signed In To Testify But Not Testifying (Health & Long Term Care): No one.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony on First Substitute (Ways & Means): PRO: More women die in the U.S. from pregnancy related complications than any other developed country and the rate is rising. We need to prioritize maternal health and investigate ways to reduce maternal mortality. The state's fiscal investment to support the elements in this bill are crucial. It will enable DOH staff to gather medically accurate patient protected data for analysis, which will inform the panel and policy makers, to help improve maternal health care outcomes. Half of the pregnancy related deaths in Washington were preventable. Establishing a permanent maternal mortality review will help us align with national recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It also positions the state well to receive federal funding.

Persons Testifying (Ways & Means): PRO: Molly Belozer Firth, citizen; Laura Sienas, M.D., American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Lacy Fehrenbach, DOH.

Persons Signed In To Testify But Not Testifying (Ways & Means): No one.

EFFECT OF HOUSE AMENDMENT(S):

Adds a null and void clause. The bill is null and void unless funded in the budget.