The statutes outlining the rules of the road contain a number of provisions that apply when a driver causes or risks harm to another person. A person commits the felony offenses of Vehicular Homicide or Vehicular Assault when he or she causes the death or substantial bodily harm of another person by driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug, driving in a reckless manner, or driving with disregard for the safety of others. Reckless Driving, a gross misdemeanor, applies when a person drives in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons of property.
A person is guilty of Negligent Driving if he or she operates a motor vehicle in a manner that is both negligent and endangers or is likely to endanger any person or property. "Negligence" is a lower standard than recklessness, disregard for the safety of others, or willful or wanton disregard for safety. It is defined as the failure to exercise ordinary care, and is the doing of some act that a reasonably careful person would not do under the same or similar circumstances or the failure to do something that a reasonably careful person would do under the same or similar circumstances. Negligent Driving may be a crime or a traffic infraction, depending the circumstances.
A person commits a first degree Negligent Driving offense, which is a misdemeanor, if he or she commits the offense while exhibiting the effects of having consumed liquor, marijuana, or any drug, or the effects of having inhaled or ingested any chemical for its intoxicating or hallucinatory effects. Absent these circumstances, a person commits a second degree offense, which is a traffic infraction carrying a $250 fine.
A person commits Negligent Driving in the second degree With a Vulnerable User Victim if he or she proximately causes the death, great bodily harm, or substantial bodily harm of a vulnerable user of a public way. A "vulnerable user of a public way" includes:
Negligent Driving in the second degree with a Vulnerable User Victim is a traffic infraction that carries a penalty of $5,000, which cannot be reduced below $1,000, and a 90 day driver's license suspension. However, in lieu of these penalties, a person who requests and personally appears for a hearing may pay a penalty of $250, attend traffic school for a number of days determined by the court; perform community service related to driver improvement and providing public education on traffic safety for a number of hours determined by the court, not to exceed 100 hours; and submit certification to the court that these requirements have been met within one year of the hearing.
A new gross misdemeanor offense of Negligent Driving with a Vulnerable User Victim in the first degree is created. A person commits the offense when he or she operates a vehicle in a manner that is both negligent and endangers or is likely to endanger any person or property, and proximately causes the death of a vulnerable user of a public way. The offense is punishable by up to 364 days of imprisonment, a $5,000 fine, which may not be reduced below $1,000, and suspension of driving privileges for 90 days.