Current law provides a retail sale and use tax exemption for qualifying businesses operating data centers and qualifying tenants of those data centers. The exemption includes purchases of eligible server equipment and power infrastructure, labor and services for installing eligible server equipment, and for constructing, installing, repairing, altering, or improving eligible power infrastructure.
To claim the exemption, a qualifying business or a tenant must apply to the Department of Revenue (DOR) for an exemption certificate. Exemption certificates expire two years after the date of issuance unless construction has been commenced.
To qualify, a facility must meet certain criteria regarding employment and facility size, whether it is in a rural county, and when construction commenced. Construction must occur within three time periods, or windows, to maintain the exemption:
Within the period of July 1, 2015 and July 1, 2019, the exemption was limited to eight data centers. Within the current period, June 30, 2015 to July 1, 2025, the exemption is limited to 12 centers.
Within six years of issuance, an eligible computer data center must show they have established or increased the number of family wage employment positions by a certain amount depending on the size of the data center. Family wage employment positions are defined as new permanent full-time jobs requiring 40 hours of work where the wage is 150 percent of the per capita personal income of the county where the center is located.
The current retail sale and use exemption expires January 1, 2026, or 12 years from the certificate of occupancy. Businesses or tenants claiming the exemption must file an annual tax performance report.
This bill extends the current sales and use tax exemptions for qualifying businesses operating data centers and qualifying tenants of those data centers from January 1, 2026, to July 1, 2035. Exemptions fully expire on July 1, 2047.
The exemption certificate is effective on the date the application is received from DOR. No tax refunds may be given for purchases made before the effective date of this bill.
In addition to the extension, eligible data center businesses and tenants may use their exemption certificate to refurbish existing eligible data centers. Refurbishment is defined as a substantial improvement to an eligible computer data center for which a certificate of occupancy is not issued. These improvements must update or modernize servers, server space, ventilation, or power infrastructure in an eligible data center. To be considered refurbished, the qualifying business must certify to DOR the refurbishment is complete. It is considered complete when the improved potion of the computer data center is operationally complete and can be used as intended.
Several definitions are amended, a definition of certificate of occupancy is provided, and the calculation of family wage jobs is clarified and changed. The new definition of family wage employment positions include all new permanent positions requiring 40 hours of weekly work, or equivalent, on a full-time basis and receiving a wage equivalent to or greater than 125 percent of the per capita personal income of the county in which the qualified project is located. The net increase of family wage jobs must be since the issuance of the qualifying business's exemption certificate.
The final window period for construction is extended from July 1, 2015, to the effective date of this bill. Though the current statutory limits still apply to the construction of data centers for previous periods, there is no limit for the extended retail sale and use tax exemption for eligible data centers.
Those holding a certificate of exemption may be able to assign or transfer the certificate if certain requirements are met and they have the written consent of DOR.
Tax Performance Statement. There is a tax performance statement. The Legislature intends to extend the expiration date of the preference if a review finds the preference is generating:
The review must factor in changing economic conditions.
PRO: This legislation came from a partnership between organized labor, that builds these facilities, and the companies that own and operate them. This will ensure the state can stay competitive. Refurbishment will make sure the data centers here, stay here, and are not motivated to move elsewhere. This bill is not the most competitive in the nation but will provide enough to keep data centers here.
I was raised in Quincy, Washington. When I graduated from high school, I attended Big Bend Community College where I got a degree in data center technology. After graduating, I was offered a job with Sabey Data Center Properties. I was glad to have this employment opportunity in my hometown. Working families across central Washington have benefited from the state's investment in data center construction. This has meant creation of new apprenticeships and family wage jobs. This bill ensures educational opportunities and competitive and economic opportunities in rural regions now and in the future.
The data center program is a proven job producer. This has been an economic lifesaver in central Washington. When the recession came, the data centers stayed open. With Washington's clean affordable power, this industry is well suited to the region. The extension of the expiration dates gives assurance to the people in this sector. This support leads to new roads and other new construction. The cost of electricity is lower here than anywhere else in the country—however, part of the decision making goes into the total cost of building and maintaining the data centers. These costs include labor, real estate, and the overall tax burden. Washington State's taxes are what really tips the scale.
Many of the data centers built in Quincy were not eligible for current tax incentives because they were built prior to 2010. Allowing an exemption to refurbish these older data centers would really help reinvestment in these centers. This is about rural economic development.
PRO: The tax exemption works for creating opportunities in rural communities, including increases in employment and county median income. The bill encourages the use of clean energy in Washington. Thirty-three other states have similar tax incentives. The increase to employment does not just exist within the data centers, but also the additional need for jobs through ancillary activities that boost the economy. This bill helps people achieve goals for themselves while remaining in their hometown. In addition to raising revenue and promoting community growth, data centers allow areas to diversify their economic portfolios, which is needed more than ever following the pandemic. Oregon is a huge industry competitor and projects are likely to migrate there if the exemption goes away. The revenue generated from data centers helps fund public programs, like law enforcement and schools. This bill helps Washington become a leader in cloud computing. Any loss in state revenue associated with the bill is made up in other tax areas.