Lands Managed by the Department of Natural Resources.
Upon statehood, the federal government granted certain lands to the state to be held in trust for several specified purposes.  Beneficiaries of these trust lands include common schools, public higher education institutions, the capitol buildings and grounds, and charitable, educational, penal, and reform institutions.  These lands are overseen by the Board of Natural Resources (Board) and administered by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR).
 
As shown in the following table, the DNR manages about 3 million acres for trust beneficiaries:  (1) approximately 618,500 acres of state forestlands, beneficiaries of which include counties and their taxing districts; and (2) about 2.33 million acres of state trust lands.  State trust lands generate timber, mineral, and lease revenue, which is appropriated through the capital budget. 
 
Trust Land Endowment (By Trust)

Source: Department of Natural Resources, October 2022.

Trust Land Transfers.

Trust Land Transfers (TLT) are capital budget proviso mechanisms that have been used over time to transfer economically underperforming Common School Trust lands with high recreational and environmental value to other public agencies.  The lands transferred out of trust status are managed for conservation, wildlife habitat, or recreational purposes.  Using this mechanism, such trust lands are transferred into protected status, and the Common School Trust is compensated without actually harvesting the timber associated with this transaction.

Through the TLT mechanism, the Legislature provides an appropriation in the capital budget, and the estimated value of the timber on the parcel goes to the Common School Construction Fund (CSCF).  The value of the bare land goes to the Real Property Replacement Account (Replacement Account) and is used to purchase replacement lands that will generate revenue for trust beneficiaries.  Generally, TLT properties must have high timber-to-land-value ratios, typically 80 percent timber value and 20 percent land value.

The TLT mechanism functions in the following manner:  (1) each biennium, the DNR identifies a list of low income-producing properties with high recreation or conservation values for consideration by the Board and the Legislature as candidates for trust land transfer; (2) if the list is authorized and funded in the capital budget bill, the trust lands are transferred to public agencies at appraised market value; (3) at transfer, the capital budget directs the timber value to be deposited in the CSCF where it becomes available for school construction within the current biennium; and (4) the bare land value is deposited into the Replacement Account for the purchase of replacement lands with higher income producing potential to be managed by the DNR to provide current and future income for the Common School Trust.

According to a 2021 DNR report on the TLT mechanism, since 1989, the Legislature has provided $882.7 million to facilitate the transfer of 125,968 acres of state common school trust lands to other uses and has purchased 55,546 acres of replacement lands.

State Forestlands.

State forestlands consist of forested land that escheated to the state (transfer lands) as well as land purchased by the state outside the Enabling Act of 1889 trust process.  When harvests occur, these revenues are divided between the state and counties, and are generally distributed to counties in proportion to the property taxes levied by the various taxing districts in the county where the harvest occurred.  However, due to the protection of various species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, some state forestlands that once generated timber revenue for counties have become subject to ESA-related restrictions on timber harvest.  These lands are sometimes referred to as "encumbered lands," due to harvest restrictions.  Over time, the operating and capital budgets have appropriated funding related to reducing the impacts of ESA encumbrances on the affected counties.

Land Management Activities.

The DNR manages a state land bank.  The land bank provides a mechanism used for the purchasing, selling, and transferring land that allows the DNR to replace less productive land with more productive land, while maintaining the trust land base.  Lands held in the land bank may not exceed a total of 1,500 acres.

In certain circumstances, the DNR may transfer or dispose of lands without public auction.  These circumstances include transfers under ten contiguous acres, transfers with values under $25,000, and transfers in certain counties with a population under 25,000 with timber harvest deferrals.  The DNR may only transfer such property for fair market value, and if the transfer is in the best interest of the state or affected trust.  Proceeds from certain real property transferred or disposed of must be deposited in the Parkland Trust Revolving Account to buy replacement lands in the same county.

Recent Related Workgroups.

Trust Land Transfers Workgroup.  In the 2021-23 biennium, the Legislature appropriated funding for stakeholder work by a group of trust land beneficiaries and stakeholders to develop a recommended process for the way TLT proposals are developed and implemented.  A report and recommendations to the Legislature were submitted by the DNR in December 2021.
 
Encumbered Lands Workgroup.  The 2022 Supplemental Operating Budget required the DNR to work with the Washington State Association of Counties to determine if any statutory changes are necessary to address issues regarding beneficiary revenue distribution or any other fiscal matters related to state forestlands.  A report and recommendations were submitted to the Legislature in December 2022.

Trust Land Transfer Program.

Authorization.  The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is authorized to create and manage a Trust Land Transfer (TLT) program to transfer underperforming land with high ecological or public benefit to acquire real property to provide long-term, sustainable revenue to trust beneficiaries.  Underperforming state land and state forestland are those lands, as determined by the DNR, that have limited potential to generate income in the reasonably foreseeable future due to physical, legal, access, or other constraints.  The lands transferred through the program may be deemed appropriate for state parks, fish and wildlife habitats, natural area preserves, natural resources conservation areas, community forests, recreation, or other public purposes.  The DNR must prioritize the acquisition of working farms and forests when acquiring replacement property when it can be demonstrated that the trust fiduciary obligations can be better fulfilled with these lands.  The DNR may use legislative appropriations for approved trust land transfers to acquire replacement property.  The DNR may use transfer authorities to complete trust land transfers and to pay for the administrative expenses to complete the transfer.

Administration.  Any citizen, state and federal agencies, counties, cities, towns, federally recognized Indian tribes, nonprofit organizations, special purpose districts, public development authorities, and other political subdivisions of the state may nominate a parcel of state land or state forestland for the TLT program.  The DNR must perform an initial review to determine whether the transfer of a nominated parcel is in the best interest of the trust, and whether a public agency is willing to take ownership and manage the parcel.  The DNR may require prenomination review of parcels over 4,500 acres or parcels over an estimated appraised market value of $15 million, including the value of the land, valuable materials, and improvements, if any.  If the DNR determines through its initial review that transfer would be in the best interest of the trust, and a public agency is able to take ownership and manage the land, the DNR must consult with potentially affected federally recognized Indian tribes to identify and address cultural resource issues.
 
After the DNR's initial review and tribal consultation, the DNR may submit parcels to an advisory committee that must evaluate and prioritize nominated parcels according to criteria approved by the Board of Natural Resources (Board), including social, ecological, economic, and other values.  The advisory committee may include representatives of trust beneficiaries, public agencies, federally recognized Indian tribes, overburdened communities, vulnerable populations, and other stakeholders, as determined by the DNR.
 
The DNR, with approval of the Board, determines the final, prioritized list of trust land transfer parcels to submit to the Legislature.  Transfers funded by legislative appropriation must be at fair market value, including the land value, timber, other valuable materials, and state-owned improvements.  If an appropriation includes the full fair market value for the trust land transfer parcel, and the Board determines that the transfer is in the best interest of the trust for which the land is held, the DNR must complete the transfer.  The DNR must only submit properties to the Board or the Legislature if at least 50 percent of all previous appropriations, provided after the effective date of the act, for the purchase of replacement lands for the TLT program, have been used to purchase replacement trust lands.  The list of TLT properties submitted to the Board or the Legislature may not exceed $30 million in total property value for each year the list is submitted.

State Forestlands.

State Forestland Exchange.  The Board may exchange state forestland for obtaining land with greater natural resource or income-producing potential when it is in the best interest of the state or affected trust.  The exchange may not be used to reduce the publicly owned forestland base.  The restriction that the State Forestland Pool may not contain more than 10,000 acres is removed.  Further, the restriction that a county with a population of 25,000 or less is eligible for the land pool is also removed.

Counties participating in a state forestland pool that desire to have the DNR acquire replacement lands in a designated county not included in the state forestland pool must enter into an agreement with the designated county.  The agreement must meet various requirements related to payments in lieu of taxes (PILT), forest practices requirements, and processes for agreement approval and termination.

When the DNR receives a designated county agreement that meets the required criteria, it must make reasonable efforts to acquire working forestlands within the designated county to include in the state forestland pool.  The DNR may acquire replacement state forestland located outside of counties participating in a state forestland pool when the DNR has transferred some or all of the encumbered state forestlands of the counties to natural area status.

Counties participating in the state forestland pool are required to pass through the PILT to which they are entitled, based on the encumbered state forestlands within their counties transferred to natural area status, to the designated county in which the replacement state forestlands are located, on an acre for acre basis.  Whenever the County Board of the county in which the replacement state forestlands are located decides to terminate a designated county agreement, a specific notification, replacement land transfer, and repayment process must occur.

The legislative authority of the county from which the real property was transferred or disposed may request in writing that the DNR distribute a percentage of the proceeds associated with valuable materials.  Upon receiving such a request, the DNR is required to distribute the requested percentage of proceeds associated with valuable materials, subject to the Board's prior approval.

The DNR is not precluded from acquiring replacement lands within the counties participating in the state forestland pool as necessary to fully replace the encumbered state forestlands transferred under the DNR's existing land transfer and disposition authority.  The restriction that the Board must use the proceeds from the transfer or disposal of state forestlands to purchase replacement lands within the same county is modified to allow the purchase of forestland for the benefit of the county.  Natural area preserves are included as a status of property to which certain encumbered lands may be transferred in exchange for working forestlands through the land pool.

Natural Resources Real Property Replacement Account.
In addition to funds transferred due to the transfer of real property, the Natural Resources Real Property Replacement Account may also consist of the value of land, timber, other valuable materials, and improvements owned by the state.

Department of Natural Resources Land Bank and Land Bank Account.
The restriction that the DNR may not hold more than 1,500 acres in a land bank is removed.  The DNR, with the approval of the Board, may exchange property held in the land bank for any lands of equal value, including state forestlands.  The Land Bank Account is created in the State Treasury.  Income from the sale of property in the land bank must be deposited in the Land Bank Account and may be used to acquire property for the purposes of the land bank.

Other Provisions.
If a DNR lessee owns and resides in a house located on land being held in the land bank, the Board may sell the land directly to the lessee for fair market value.  If such a lessee does not purchase the land for the appraised fair market value, the DNR must sell the land and use the proceeds to acquire property for the land bank.