BILL REQ. #:  H-1180.2 

Read first time 02/03/11.   Referred to Committee on Higher Education.

     AN ACT Relating to state funding and operating practices of the state higher education system; amending RCW 28B.15.067, 28B.76.030, 28B.76.240, 28B.10.029, 28A.600.390, 28B.10.685, 28C.18.070, 28C.18.130, 28C.18.132, and 28B.76.280; reenacting and amending RCW 28C.18.010; adding new sections to chapter 28B.15 RCW; adding a new section to chapter 82.04 RCW; adding a new section to chapter 28B.76 RCW; adding a new section to chapter 43.08 RCW; adding a new section to chapter 28B.10 RCW; adding a new section to chapter 28C.18 RCW; adding a new section to chapter 43.33A RCW; adding a new section to chapter 44.48 RCW; adding a new chapter to Title 28B RCW; creating a new section; recodifying RCW 28B.76.280; repealing RCW 28B.15.066, 28B.15.068, 28B.12.010, 28B.12.020, 28B.12.030, 28B.12.040, 28B.12.050, 28B.12.055, 28B.12.060, 28B.12.070, 28B.92.010, 28B.92.020, 28B.92.030, 28B.92.040, 28B.92.050, 28B.92.060, 28B.92.070, 28B.92.080, 28B.92.082, 28B.92.084, 28B.92.085, 28B.92.086, 28B.92.090, 28B.92.100, 28B.92.110, 28B.92.120, 28B.92.130, 28B.92.140, 28B.92.150, 28B.97.010, 28B.97.020, 28B.102.010, 28B.102.020, 28B.102.030, 28B.102.040, 28B.102.045, 28B.102.050, 28B.102.055, 28B.102.060, 28B.102.080, 28B.103.010, 28B.103.020, 28B.103.030, 28B.105.010, 28B.105.020, 28B.105.030, 28B.105.040, 28B.105.050, 28B.105.060, 28B.105.070, 28B.105.080, 28B.105.090, 28B.105.100, 28B.105.110, 28B.108.005, 28B.108.010, 28B.108.020, 28B.108.030, 28B.108.040, 28B.108.060, 28B.109.010, 28B.109.020, 28B.109.030, 28B.109.040, 28B.109.050, 28B.109.060, 28B.109.070, 28B.109.080, 28B.115.010, 28B.115.020, 28B.115.030, 28B.115.040, 28B.115.050, 28B.115.060, 28B.115.070, 28B.115.080, 28B.115.090, 28B.115.100, 28B.115.110, 28B.115.120, 28B.115.130, 28B.115.140, 28B.116.005, 28B.116.010, 28B.116.020, 28B.116.030, 28B.116.050, 28B.116.060, 28B.116.070, 28B.117.005, 28B.117.010, 28B.117.020, 28B.117.030, 28B.117.040, 28B.117.050, 28B.117.060, 28B.117.070, 28B.117.900, 28B.117.901, 28B.118.005, 28B.118.010, 28B.118.020, 28B.118.030, 28B.118.040, 28B.118.050, 28B.118.060, 28B.119.005, 28B.119.010, 28B.119.020, 28B.119.030, 28B.119.040, 28B.119.050, 28B.119.900, 28B.121.005, 28B.121.010, 28B.121.020, 28B.121.030, 28B.121.040, 28B.121.050, 28B.121.060, 28B.121.070, 28B.133.005, 28B.133.010, 28B.133.020, 28B.133.030, 28B.133.040, 28B.133.050, 28B.133.900, 28B.133.901, 28B.76.500, 28B.76.505, 28B.76.525, 28B.76.526, 28B.76.540, and 28C.18.020; providing an effective date; and providing an expiration date.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

Sec. 101   RCW 28B.15.067 and 2010 c 20 s 7 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) Tuition fees shall be established under the provisions of this chapter.
     (2) Beginning with the ((2003-04 academic year and ending with the 2012-13 academic year, reductions or increases in full-time tuition fees for resident undergraduates shall be as provided in the omnibus appropriations act)) 2012-13 academic year, the governing boards of the state universities, the regional universities, The Evergreen State College, and the state board for community and technical colleges may reduce or increase tuition fees for resident undergraduates and resident graduate students as follows:
     (a) For resident undergraduates with fewer than ninety quarter credits, or the equivalent semester credits, tuition fees may be no more than forty-five percent of the total cost of attendance;
     (b) For resident undergraduates with ninety or more quarter credits, or the equivalent semester credits, tuition fees may be no more than fifty-five percent of the total cost of attendance;
     (c) For resident graduate students, tuition fees may be no more than fifty percent of the total cost of attendance.
     (3)(a) Beginning with the ((2003-04 academic year and ending with the)) 2012-13 academic year, the governing boards of the state universities, the regional universities, The Evergreen State College, and the state board for community and technical colleges may reduce or increase full-time tuition fees for all students other than resident undergraduates and resident graduate students, including summer school students and students in other self-supporting degree programs. Percentage increases in full-time tuition fees may exceed the fiscal growth factor. Reductions or increases may be made for all or portions of an institution's programs, campuses, courses, or students.
     (b) Prior to reducing or increasing tuition for each academic year, the governing boards of the state universities, the regional universities, and The Evergreen State College shall consult with existing student associations or organizations with student undergraduate and graduate representatives regarding the impacts of potential tuition increases. Governing boards shall be required to provide data regarding the cost of instruction, the total costs of attendance, the percentage of students receiving financial aid, the sources of aid, and the percentage of total costs of attendance paid for by aid.
     (c) Prior to reducing or increasing tuition for each academic year, each college in the state board for community and technical college system shall consult with existing student associations or organizations with undergraduate student representation regarding the impacts of potential tuition increases. Colleges shall provide data regarding the percentage of students receiving financial aid, the sources of aid, and the percentage of total costs of attendance paid for by aid.
     (4) ((Academic year tuition for full-time students at the state's institutions of higher education beginning with 2015-16, other than summer term, shall be as charged during the 2014-15 academic year unless different rates are adopted by the legislature.
     (5))) The tuition fees established under this chapter shall not apply to high school students enrolling in participating institutions of higher education under RCW 28A.600.300 through 28A.600.400.
     (((6))) (5) The tuition fees established under this chapter shall not apply to eligible students enrolling in a dropout reengagement program through an interlocal agreement between a school district and a community or technical college under RCW 28A.175.100 through 28A.175.110.
     (((7))) (6) The tuition fees established under this chapter shall not apply to eligible students enrolling in a community or technical college participating in the pilot program under RCW 28B.50.534 for the purpose of obtaining a high school diploma.
     (((8) For the academic years 2003-04 through 2008-09, the University of Washington shall use an amount equivalent to ten percent of all revenues received as a result of law school tuition increases beginning in academic year 2000-01 through academic year 2008-09 to assist needy low and middle-income resident law students.
     (9) For the academic years 2003-04 through 2008-09, institutions of higher education shall use an amount equivalent to ten percent of all revenues received as a result of graduate academic school tuition increases beginning in academic year 2003-04 through academic year 2008-09 to assist needy low and middle-income resident graduate academic students.
     (10) Any tuition increases above seven percent shall fund costs of instruction, library and student services, utilities and maintenance, other costs related to instruction as well as institutional financial aid. Through 2010-11, any funding reductions to instruction, library and student services, utilities and maintenance and other costs related to instruction shall be proportionally less than other program areas including administration.))

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 102   A new section is added to chapter 28B.15 RCW to read as follows:
     It is the intent of the legislature that in making appropriations from the state's general fund to institutions of higher education, each appropriation shall conform to the following:
     (1) The state shall adopt the following funding goals:
     (a) For resident undergraduates with fewer than ninety quarter credits, or the equivalent semester credits, fifty-five percent of the total cost of attendance;
     (b) For resident undergraduates with ninety or more quarter credits, or the equivalent semester credits, forty-five percent of the total cost of attendance;
     (c) For resident graduate students, fifty percent of the total cost of attendance.
     (2) The state shall not reduce state-supported enrollment levels below fiscal year 2007 budgeted levels in order to improve or alter the per student funding amount at any four-year institution of higher education or the community and technical college system as a whole.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 103   A new section is added to chapter 28B.15 RCW to read as follows:
     In any academic year, the number of full-time equivalent students charged tuition and fees by an institution pursuant to RCW 28B.15.067(2) may not exceed the annual average state-supported enrollment provided for that institution in the omnibus appropriations act.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 104   The following acts or parts of acts are each repealed:
     (1) RCW 28B.15.066 (General fund appropriations to institutions of higher education) and 2003 c 232 s 3, 2000 c 152 s 2, 1999 c 309 s 932, 1995 1st sp.s. c 9 s 3, & 1993 c 379 s 205; and
     (2) RCW 28B.15.068 (Tuition fees increase limitations -- State funding goals -- Reports -- "Global challenge states" -- Notification of availability of American opportunity tax credit) and 2009 c 540 s 1 & 2007 c 151 s 1.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 201   It is the intent of the legislature to support a robust and diversified economy with a well-trained and educated workforce. It is also the intent of the legislature to help enable individuals who receive their postsecondary education in Washington to find employment and remain in the state upon graduation. Further, in order for Washington business to prosper in a highly competitive global economy, business must have the necessary employee talent, and it is the intent of the legislature to help business meet its employment needs through the Washington higher education internship program.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 202   A qualifying internship must meet the following requirements:
     (1) A written plan for the internship experience must be developed and approved jointly by the intern, a representative on behalf of the institution of higher education, and a representative of the participating employer.
     (2) The intern must be:
     (a) An undergraduate with at least ninety quarter credits, or the equivalent semester credits, or a graduate student; and
     (b) Currently enrolled in an institution of higher education in the state of Washington.
     (3) The plan must:
     (a) Provide the intern with the opportunity to learn current practices in business, industry, or government;
     (b) Identify the skills and knowledge that will be enhanced and any practical applications of those skills and knowledge in the intern's major or career field; and
     (c) Indicate that the internship is directly related to the intern's major or career field.
     (4) Upon completion of the internship, the intern shall submit to the institution of higher education a report that includes the following information:
     (a) A summary evaluation of the internship experience, prepared and signed by the intern; and
     (b) A summary evaluation of the intern's experience, prepared and signed by a representative of the participating employer.
     (5) Upon receipt of the report in subsection (4) of this section, the institution of higher education must provide written certification to the department of revenue and the participating employer as to whether the internship meets the qualifying requirements.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 203   A new section is added to chapter 82.04 RCW to read as follows:
     (1) In computing the tax imposed under this chapter, a credit is allowed to participants in the Washington higher education internship program created in section 202 of this act for wages and benefits paid to interns in qualifying internships.
     (2) The credit allowed under this section is equal to eighty-five percent of the value of a participant's payments of wages and benefits to interns in qualifying internships. Internship wage and benefit calculations shall not exceed the state median entry level wage as determined by the employment security department. If an internship does not meet the requirements of section 202 of this act, the participant must remit to the department the value of any credits taken plus interest. The credit earned by a participant in one calendar year may be carried over to be credited against taxes incurred in the subsequent six calendar years.
     (3) A person claiming the credit provided in this section must file a complete annual survey with the department under RCW 82.32.585.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 301   A new section is added to chapter 28B.76 RCW to read as follows:
     In order to allow the greatest flexibility and latitude to align financial aid with demand for programs, the institutions of higher education and the state board for community and technical colleges shall each administer state and federal financial aid for their students according to such rules as the state board for community and technical colleges may adopt and pursuant to guidelines developed by the council of presidents for the four-year public institutions of higher education.

Sec. 302   RCW 28B.76.030 and 2004 c 275 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
     The purpose of the board is to:
     (1) Develop a statewide strategic master plan for higher education and continually monitor state and institution progress in meeting the vision, goals, priorities, and strategies articulated in the plan;
     (2) Based on objective data analysis, develop and recommend statewide policies to enhance the availability, quality, efficiency, and accountability of public higher education in Washington state;
     (3) Administer ((state and federal financial aid and)) other education services programs in a cost-effective manner;
     (4) Serve as an advocate on behalf of students and the overall system of higher education to the governor, the legislature, and the public;
     (5) Represent the broad public interest above the interests of the individual colleges and universities; and
     (6) Coordinate with the governing boards of the two and four-year institutions of higher education, the state board for community and technical colleges, ((the workforce training and education coordinating board,)) and the superintendent of public instruction to create a seamless system of public education for the citizens of Washington state geared toward student success.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 303   A new section is added to chapter 43.08 RCW to read as follows:
     The state treasurer, working with the institutions of higher education as defined in RCW 28B.10.016, shall develop and provide a one-stop financial aid web-based portal that displays all student financial aid programs available at each of those institutions of higher education and community and technical colleges in a uniform manner that allows students and their parents to compare the various financial aid programs.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 304   The following acts or parts of acts are each repealed:
     (1) RCW 28B.12.010 (Created) and 1994 c 130 s 1 & 1974 ex.s. c 177 s 1;
     (2) RCW 28B.12.020 (Purpose) and 1994 c 130 s 2 & 1974 ex.s. c 177 s 2;
     (3) RCW 28B.12.030 (Definitions) and 2002 c 187 s 2, 1994 c 130 s 3, & 1974 ex.s. c 177 s 3;
     (4) RCW 28B.12.040 (Board to develop and administer program--Agreements authorized, limitation) and 2009 c 560 s 21, 1994 c 130 s 4, 1993 c 385 s 3, 1985 c 370 s 58, & 1974 ex.s. c 177 s 4;
     (5) RCW 28B.12.050 (Disbursal of state work-study funds -- Criteria) and 1994 c 130 s 5, 1987 c 330 s 201, 1985 c 370 s 59, & 1974 ex.s. c 177 s 5;
     (6) RCW 28B.12.055 (Work-study opportunity grant for high-demand occupations) and 2009 c 215 s 12;
     (7) RCW 28B.12.060 (Rules -- Mandatory provisions) and 2009 c 172 s 1, 2005 c 93 s 4, 2002 c 354 s 224, & 1994 c 130 s 6;
     (8) RCW 28B.12.070 (Annual report of institutions to higher education coordinating board) and 1994 c 130 s 7, 1985 c 370 s 61, & 1974 ex.s. c 177 s 7;
     (9) RCW 28B.92.010 (State need grant program established -- Purpose) and 2004 c 275 s 34, 1999 c 345 s 2, 1993 sp.s. c 18 s 2, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 7;
     (10) RCW 28B.92.020 (State need grant program -- Findings -- Intent) and 2003 c 19 s 11 & 1999 c 345 s 1;
     (11) RCW 28B.92.030 (Definitions) and 2009 c 238 s 7, 2009 c 215 s 5, 2004 c 275 s 35, 2002 c 187 s 1, 1989 c 254 s 2, 1985 c 370 s 56, 1979 ex.s. c 235 s 1, 1975 1st ex.s. c 132 s 16, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 8;
     (12) RCW 28B.92.040 (Board, guidelines in performance of duties) and 2004 c 275 s 36, 1999 c 345 s 3, 1995 c 269 s 801, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 10;
     (13) RCW 28B.92.050 (Powers and duties of board) and 1999 c 345 s 4, 1989 c 254 s 3, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 11;
     (14) RCW 28B.92.060 (State need grant awards) and 2009 c 215 s 4, 2007 c 404 s 2, 2005 c 93 s 3, 2004 c 275 s 37, 1999 c 345 s 5, 1991 c 164 s 4, 1989 c 254 s 4, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 12;
     (15) RCW 28B.92.070 (Persian Gulf veterans -- Limited application of RCW 28B.92.060) and 2004 c 275 s 38 & 1991 c 164 s 3;
     (16) RCW 28B.92.080 (Eligibility for state need grant) and 2009 c 238 s 9, 2007 c 404 s 1, 2004 c 275 s 39, 1999 c 345 s 6, 1989 c 254 s 5, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 13;
     (17) RCW 28B.92.082 (Enhanced need grants -- Eligibility) and 2009 c 215 s 3;
     (18) RCW 28B.92.084 (Eligibility of opportunity internship graduates) and 2009 c 238 s 8;
     (19) RCW 28B.92.085 (Part-time students -- Review of financial aid policies and procedures) and 2007 c 404 s 3;
     (20) RCW 28B.92.086 (Dual credit programs -- Review of financial aid policies and programs) and 2009 c 215 s 10;
     (21) RCW 28B.92.090 (Aid granted without regard to applicant's race, creed, color, religion, sex, or ancestry) and 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 14;
     (22) RCW 28B.92.100 (Theology student denied aid) and 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 15;
     (23) RCW 28B.92.110 (Application of award) and 2009 c 238 s 10, 2004 c 275 s 40, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 16;
     (24) RCW 28B.92.120 (Board to determine how funds disbursed) and 2004 c 275 s 41 & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 17;
     (25) RCW 28B.92.130 (Grants, gifts, bequests and devises of property) and 2004 c 275 s 42 & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 18;
     (26) RCW 28B.92.140 (State educational trust fund -- Deposits--Expenditures) and 1997 c 269 s 1, 1996 c 107 s 1, 1991 sp.s. c 13 s 12, 1985 c 57 s 10, & 1981 c 55 s 1;
     (27) RCW 28B.92.150 (Board rules) and 2004 c 275 s 43, 1999 c 345 s 7, 1973 c 62 s 4, & 1969 ex.s. c 222 s 19;
     (28) RCW 28B.97.010 (Washington higher education loan program) and 2009 c 215 s 13;
     (29) RCW 28B.97.020 (Definitions) and 2009 c 215 s 14;
     (30) RCW 28B.102.010 (Intent -- Legislative findings) and 2004 c 58 s 1 & 1987 c 437 s 1;
     (31) RCW 28B.102.020 (Definitions) and 2004 c 58 s 2, 1996 c 53 s 1, 1993 sp.s. c 18 s 36, & 1987 c 437 s 2;
     (32) RCW 28B.102.030 (Program created -- Powers and duties of board) and 2004 c 58 s 3 & 1987 c 437 s 3;
     (33) RCW 28B.102.040 (Selection of participants -- Processes--Criteria) and 2008 c 170 s 306 & 2005 c 518 s 918;
     (34) RCW 28B.102.045 (Satisfactory progress required) and 2004 c 58 s 5 & 1988 c 125 s 7;
     (35) RCW 28B.102.050 (Award of conditional scholarships and loan repayments -- Amount -- Duration) and 2004 c 58 s 6 & 1987 c 437 s 5;
     (36) RCW 28B.102.055 (Loan repayment agreements -- Rules) and 2004 c 58 s 8;
     (37) RCW 28B.102.060 (Repayment obligation) and 2004 c 58 s 7, 1996 c 53 s 2, 1993 c 423 s 1, 1991 c 164 s 6, & 1987 c 437 s 6;
     (38) RCW 28B.102.080 (Future teachers conditional scholarship account) and 2010 1st sp.s. c 37 s 917, 2007 c 396 s 9, & 2004 c 58 s 9;
     (39) RCW 28B.103.010 (Definitions) and 2006 c 71 s 1, 2000 c 159 s 1, & 1994 c 234 s 5;
     (40) RCW 28B.103.020 (Program established -- Powers and duties of office) and 2006 c 71 s 2 & 1994 c 234 s 6;
     (41) RCW 28B.103.030 (Repayment obligation) and 1994 c 234 s 7;
     (42) RCW 28B.105.010 (GET ready for math and science scholarship program -- Purpose -- Awards) and 2007 c 214 s 1;
     (43) RCW 28B.105.020 (Definitions) and 2007 c 214 s 2;
     (44) RCW 28B.105.030 (Eligibility) and 2007 c 214 s 3;
     (45) RCW 28B.105.040 (Changes in eligibility -- Consequences) and 2007 c 214 s 4;
     (46) RCW 28B.105.050 (Repayment obligation -- Conditions) and 2007 c 214 s 5;
     (47) RCW 28B.105.060 (Office of the superintendent of public instruction -- Duties) and 2007 c 214 s 6;
     (48) RCW 28B.105.070 (Higher education coordinating board -- Duties) and 2007 c 214 s 7;
     (49) RCW 28B.105.080 (School districts -- Duties) and 2007 c 214 s 8;
     (50) RCW 28B.105.090 (Program administrator -- Duties) and 2007 c 214 s 9;
     (51) RCW 28B.105.100 (Higher education coordinating board and program administrator -- Joint duties) and 2007 c 214 s 10;
     (52) RCW 28B.105.110 (GET ready for math and science scholarship account) and 2010 1st sp.s. c 37 s 918;
     (53) RCW 28B.108.005 (Findings) and 1990 c 287 s 1;
     (54) RCW 28B.108.010 (Definitions) and 2004 c 275 s 69, 1991 c 228 s 10, & 1990 c 287 s 2;
     (55) RCW 28B.108.020 (Program created -- Duties of the higher education coordinating board -- Screening committee) and 2009 c 259 s 1 & 1990 c 287 s 3;
     (56) RCW 28B.108.030 (Advisory committee) and 1991 c 228 s 11 & 1990 c 287 s 4;
     (57) RCW 28B.108.040 (Award of scholarships -- Amount -- Duration) and 1990 c 287 s 5;
     (58) RCW 28B.108.060 (Scholarship endowment fund) and 2009 c 259 s 2, 2007 c 73 s 2, 1993 c 372 s 1, 1991 sp.s. c 13 s 110, & 1990 c 287 s 7;
     (59) RCW 28B.109.010 (Definitions) and 1996 c 253 s 401;
     (60) RCW 28B.109.020 (Washington international exchange scholarship program -- Administration by higher education coordinating board) and 1996 c 253 s 402;
     (61) RCW 28B.109.030 (Reciprocal agreements to attend foreign institutions) and 1996 c 253 s 403;
     (62) RCW 28B.109.040 (Washington international exchange student scholarships) and 1996 c 253 s 404;
     (63) RCW 28B.109.050 (Washington international exchange trust fund) and 1996 c 253 s 405;
     (64) RCW 28B.109.060 (Washington international exchange scholarship endowment fund) and 1996 c 253 s 406;
     (65) RCW 28B.109.070 (Washington international exchange scholarship endowment fund -- State matching funds) and 1996 c 253 s 407;
     (66) RCW 28B.109.080 (Scholarship recipients -- Service obligation) and 1996 c 253 s 408;
     (67) RCW 28B.115.010 (Legislative findings) and 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 716;
     (68) RCW 28B.115.020 (Definitions) and 1991 c 332 s 15 & 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 717;
     (69) RCW 28B.115.030 (Program established -- Duties of board) and 1991 c 332 s 16 & 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 718;
     (70) RCW 28B.115.040 (Technical assistance for rural communities) and 1991 c 332 s 17;
     (71) RCW 28B.115.050 (Planning committee -- Criteria for selecting participants) and 2004 c 275 s 70, 1991 c 332 s 18, & 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 719;
     (72) RCW 28B.115.060 (Eligible credentialed health care professions -- Required service obligations) and 1991 c 332 s 19;
     (73) RCW 28B.115.070 (Eligible credentialed health care professions -- Health professional shortage areas) and 2003 c 278 s 3 & 1991 c 332 s 20;
     (74) RCW 28B.115.080 (Annual award amount -- Scholarship preferences -- Required service obligations) and 1993 c 492 s 271 & 1991 c 332 s 21;
     (75) RCW 28B.115.090 (Loan repayment and scholarship awards) and 2003 c 278 s 4, 1991 c 332 s 22, & 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 720;
     (76) RCW 28B.115.100 (Discrimination by participants prohibited--Violation) and 1991 c 332 s 23;
     (77) RCW 28B.115.110 (Participant obligation -- Repayment obligation) and 1991 c 332 s 24, 1991 c 164 s 8, & 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 721;
     (78) RCW 28B.115.120 (Participant obligation -- Scholarships) and 1993 c 423 s 2 & 1991 c 332 s 25;
     (79) RCW 28B.115.130 (Health professional loan repayment and scholarship program fund) and 1991 c 332 s 28;
     (80) RCW 28B.115.140 (Transfer of program administration) and 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 722;
     (81) RCW 28B.116.005 (Findings) and 2005 c 215 s 1;
     (82) RCW 28B.116.010 (Definitions) and 2005 c 215 s 2;
     (83) RCW 28B.116.020 (Program created--Duties of the higher education coordinating board) and 2009 c 560 s 20 & 2005 c 215 s 3;
     (84) RCW 28B.116.030 (Award of scholarships) and 2005 c 215 s 4;
     (85) RCW 28B.116.050 (Foster care endowed scholarship trust fund) and 2005 c 215 s 6;
     (86) RCW 28B.116.060 (Foster care scholarship endowment fund) and 2007 c 73 s 3 & 2005 c 215 s 7;
     (87) RCW 28B.116.070 (State matching funds--Transfer of funds from trust fund to endowment fund) and 2005 c 215 s 8;
     (88) RCW 28B.117.005 (Findings -- Intent) and 2007 c 314 s 1;
     (89) RCW 28B.117.010 (Program created -- Purpose) and 2007 c 314 s 3;
     (90) RCW 28B.117.020 (Definitions) and 2007 c 314 s 2;
     (91) RCW 28B.117.030 (Program design and implementation -- Student eligibility -- Scholarships) and 2007 c 314 s 4;
     (92) RCW 28B.117.040 (Identification of eligible students and applicants -- Duties of institutions of higher education -- Duties of the department of social and health services) and 2007 c 314 s 5;
     (93) RCW 28B.117.050 (Internet web site and outreach program) and 2007 c 314 s 6;
     (94) RCW 28B.117.060 (Program of supplemental educational transition planning for youth in foster care -- Contract with nongovernmental entity) and 2007 c 314 s 7;
     (95) RCW 28B.117.070 (Reports -- Recommendations) and 2007 c 314 s 8;
     (96) RCW 28B.117.900 (Construction -- 2007 c 314) and 2007 c 314 s 9;
     (97) RCW 28B.117.901 (Expiration of chapter) and 2007 c 314 s 10;
     (98) RCW 28B.118.005 (Intent -- Finding) and 2007 c 405 s 1;
     (99) RCW 28B.118.010 (Program design) and 2008 c 321 s 9 & 2007 c 405 s 2;
     (100) RCW 28B.118.020 (Duties of the office of the superintendent of public instruction) and 2007 c 405 s 3;
     (101) RCW 28B.118.030 (Duty of school districts -- Notification) and 2007 c 405 s 4;
     (102) RCW 28B.118.040 (Duties of the higher education coordinating board) and 2007 c 405 s 5;
     (103) RCW 28B.118.050 (Grants, gifts, bequests, and devises) and 2007 c 405 s 6;
     (104) RCW 28B.118.060 (Rules) and 2007 c 405 s 7;
     (105) RCW 28B.119.005 (Intent -- Finding) and 2002 c 204 s 1;
     (106) RCW 28B.119.010 (Program design -- Parameters) and 2004 c 275 s 60, 2003 c 233 s 5, & 2002 c 204 s 2;
     (107) RCW 28B.119.020 (Implementation and administration) and 2002 c 204 s 3;
     (108) RCW 28B.119.030 (Funding for state need grant program not impaired) and 2004 c 275 s 71 & 2002 c 204 s 4;
     (109) RCW 28B.119.040 (Requirements for students receiving home-based instruction not affected) and 2002 c 204 s 5;
     (110) RCW 28B.119.050 (Washington promise scholarship account) and 2002 c 204 s 6;
     (111) RCW 28B.119.900 (Effective date -- 2002 c 204) and 2002 c 204 s 9;
     (112) RCW 28B.121.005 (Findings -- Intent) and 2008 c 208 s 1;
     (113) RCW 28B.121.010 (Definitions) and 2008 c 208 s 2;
     (114) RCW 28B.121.020 (Program established) and 2008 c 208 s 3;
     (115) RCW 28B.121.030 (Selection of participants -- Selection committee -- Selection criteria) and 2008 c 208 s 4;
     (116) RCW 28B.121.040 (Eligibility) and 2008 c 208 s 5;
     (117) RCW 28B.121.050 (Award of scholarships -- Amount -- Duration) and 2008 c 208 s 6;
     (118) RCW 28B.121.060 (Repayment obligation -- Rules) and 2008 c 208 s 7;
     (119) RCW 28B.121.070 (Food animal veterinarian conditional scholarship account) and 2008 c 208 s 8;
     (120) RCW 28B.133.005 (Finding -- Intent) and 2003 c 19 s 1;
     (121) RCW 28B.133.010 (Program created) and 2004 c 275 s 72 & 2003 c 19 s 2;
     (122) RCW 28B.133.020 (Eligibility) and 2004 c 275 s 73 & 2003 c 19 s 3;
     (123) RCW 28B.133.030 (Students with dependents grant account) and 2003 c 19 s 4;
     (124) RCW 28B.133.040 (Program administration) and 2003 c 19 s 5;
     (125) RCW 28B.133.050 (Use of grants) and 2004 c 275 s 74 & 2003 c 19 s 6;
     (126) RCW 28B.133.900 (Short title) and 2003 c 19 s 7;
     (127) RCW 28B.133.901 (Captions not law -- 2003 c 19) and 2003 c 19 s 9;
     (128) RCW 28B.76.500 (Student financial aid programs--Administration by board -- College information web-based portal) and 2009 c 215 s 7, 1985 c 370 s 23, & 1975 1st ex.s. c 132 s 15;
     (129) RCW 28B.76.505 (Scholarship endowment programs--Administration of funds) and 2007 c 73 s 1;
     (130) RCW 28B.76.525 (State financial aid account) and 2005 c 139 s 1;
     (131) RCW 28B.76.526 (Washington opportunity pathways account) and 2010 1st sp.s. c 27 s 2; and
     (132) RCW 28B.76.540 (Administrative responsibilities) and 2004 c 275 s 18, 1998 c 245 s 24, 1995 1st sp.s. c 9 s 12, 1990 c 33 s 561, 1986 c 136 s 20, & 1985 c 370 s 7.

Sec. 401   RCW 28B.76.240 and 2004 c 275 s 10 are each amended to read as follows:
     The board, in conjunction with the institutions of higher education and the state board for community and technical colleges, shall adopt and implement a statewide transfer and articulation system and policies that ensure efficient transfer of credits and courses across public two and four-year institutions of higher education. ((The intent of the policies is to create a statewide system of articulation and alignment between two and four-year institutions. Policies may address but are not limited to creation of a statewide system of course equivalency, creation of transfer associate degrees, statewide articulation agreements, applicability of technical courses toward baccalaureate degrees, and other issues. The institutions of higher education and the state board for community and technical colleges shall cooperate with the board in developing the statewide policies and shall provide support and staff resources as necessary to assist in maintaining the policies.)) This system and policies must include common lower division academic transfer course numbering and a common curriculum content framework. The board shall submit a progress report to the higher education committees of the senate and house of representatives by ((December 1, 2006)) September 1, 2012, by which time the legislature expects ((measurable improvement in alignment and transfer efficiency)) the system to be complete and the policies, including common course numbering and a common curriculum content framework, implemented for the 2012-13 academic year. In the event that the implementation date of September 1, 2012, is not met, for every thirty days beyond this date the office of financial management shall withhold ten percent of funding disbursements to the higher education coordinating board, the institutions of higher education, and the state board for community and technical colleges.

Sec. 501   RCW 28B.10.029 and 2010 c 61 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1)(a) An institution of higher education may exercise independently those powers otherwise granted to the director of general administration in chapter 43.19 RCW in connection with the purchase and disposition of all material, supplies, services, and equipment needed for the support, maintenance, and use of the respective institution of higher education.
     (b) Property disposition policies followed by institutions of higher education shall be consistent with policies followed by the department of general administration.
     (c) Purchasing policies and procedures followed by institutions of higher education shall be in compliance with chapters 39.19, 39.29, and 43.03 RCW, and RCW 43.19.1901, 43.19.1906, 43.19.1911, 43.19.1917, 43.19.1937, 43.19.534, 43.19.685, 43.19.700 through 43.19.704, and 43.19.560 through 43.19.637.
     (d) Purchases under chapter 39.29, 43.19, or 43.105 RCW by institutions of higher education may be made by using contracts for materials, supplies, services, or equipment negotiated or entered into by, for, or through group purchasing organizations.
     (e) The community and technical colleges shall comply with RCW 43.19.450.
     (f) Except for the University of Washington, institutions of higher education shall comply with RCW 43.41.310, 43.41.290, and 43.41.350.
     (g) If an institution of higher education can satisfactorily demonstrate to the director of the office of financial management that the cost of compliance is greater than the value of benefits from any of the following statutes, then it shall be exempt from them: RCW 43.19.685, 43.19.534, and 43.19.637.
     (h) Any institution of higher education that chooses to exercise independent purchasing authority for a commodity or group of commodities shall notify the director of general administration. Thereafter the director of general administration shall not be required to provide those services for that institution for the duration of the general administration contract term for that commodity or group of commodities.
     (2) The council of presidents and the state board for community and technical colleges shall convene its correctional industries business development advisory committee, and work collaboratively with correctional industries, to:
     (a) Reaffirm purchasing criteria and ensure that quality, service, and timely delivery result in the best value for expenditure of state dollars;
     (b) Update the approved list of correctional industries products from which higher education shall purchase; and
     (c) Develop recommendations on ways to continue to build correctional industries' business with institutions of higher education.
     (3) Higher education and correctional industries shall develop a plan to build higher education business with correctional industries to increase higher education purchases of correctional industries products, based upon the criteria established in subsection (2) of this section. The plan shall include the correctional industries' production and sales goals for higher education and an approved list of products from which higher education institutions shall purchase, based on the criteria established in subsection (2) of this section. Higher education and correctional industries shall report to the legislature regarding the plan and its implementation no later than January 30, 2005.
     (4) Institutions of higher education shall set as a target to contract, beginning not later than June 30, 2006, to purchase one percent of the total goods and services required by the institutions each year produced or provided in whole or in part from class II inmate work programs operated by the department of corrections. Institutions of higher education shall set as a target to contract, beginning not later than June 30, 2008, to purchase two percent of the total goods and services required by the institutions each year produced or provided in whole or in part from class II inmate work programs operated by the department of corrections.
     (5) An institution of higher education may exercise independently those powers otherwise granted to the public printer in chapter 43.78 RCW in connection with the production or purchase of any printing and binding needed by the respective institution of higher education. Purchasing policies and procedures followed by institutions of higher education shall be in compliance with chapter 39.19 RCW. Any institution of higher education that chooses to exercise independent printing production or purchasing authority shall notify the public printer. Thereafter the public printer shall not be required to provide those services for that institution.
     (6) Cost savings achieved by joint, binding, shared cost-savings agreements between any four or more combination of two and four-year institutions of higher education shall be retained by the individual institutions.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 601   A new section is added to chapter 28B.10 RCW to read as follows:
     (1) In consultation with the public institutions of higher education, the higher education coordinating board shall select a single rising juniors test to be used by all of the institutions of higher education. The first rising juniors test shall be administered in the winter of 2013. Thereafter, the rising juniors test shall be administered several times each year.
     (2) All students pursuing a baccalaureate degree at any institution of higher education must take the rising juniors test. A student must have at least sixty and should have no more than ninety quarter credits, or the equivalent semester credits, at the time of testing.
     (3) Students with ninety or more quarter credits, or the equivalent semester credits, who have not tested at the time of course registration, may not enroll in upper division coursework. Rising juniors test results may not prevent a student from taking upper division coursework.
     (4) Students scoring in the top quintile of the rising juniors test must receive first preference for placement in upper division coursework and for the advanced higher education loan program.

Sec. 701   RCW 28A.600.390 and 1994 c 205 s 10 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) The superintendent of public instruction, the state board for community and technical colleges, and the higher education coordinating board shall jointly develop and adopt rules governing RCW 28A.600.300 through 28A.600.380, if rules are necessary. The rules shall be written to encourage the maximum use of the program and shall not narrow or limit the enrollment options under RCW 28A.600.300 through 28A.600.380.
     (2) High school dual credit programs, including but not limited to running start and advanced placement, shall be integrated to the greatest extent possible and the top quintile of achievers in these programs shall be given first preference for lower division course placement and financial aid by institutions of higher education.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 801   The legislature finds that too many students entering college are unprepared and must take learning content, such as remedial math, English, and civics that they should have learned in high school. There are considerable financial and time costs to the students that are associated with having to take remedial coursework in college. Students enrolled in remedial courses are more likely to leave college before earning a degree or certificate. Furthermore, such students may be deterred from pursuing some programs of study or careers. There are also considerable financial costs to the state and the institutions of higher education.

Sec. 802   RCW 28B.10.685 and 1995 c 310 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:
     Beginning in 1997, by September 30th of each year, each state university, regional university, state college, and, for community colleges and technical colleges, the state board for community and technical colleges shall provide a report to the office of the superintendent of public instruction, the state board of education, and the commission on student learning under RCW 28A.630.885. The report shall contain the following information on students who, within three years of graduating from a Washington high school, enrolled the prior year in a state-supported precollege level class at the institution: (1) The number of such students enrolled in a precollege level class in mathematics, reading, grammar, spelling, writing, or English; (2) the types of precollege classes in which each student was enrolled; and (3) the name of the Washington high school from which each student graduated.
     For students who enrolled in a precollege class within three years of graduating from a Washington high school, each institution of higher education shall also report to the Washington high school from which the student graduated. The annual report shall include information on the number of students from that high school enrolled in precollege classes, and the types of classes taken by the students.
     For each student who enrolled in a precollege class within three years of graduating from a Washington high school, an institution of higher education may establish and charge the respective Washington school district for the cost of instruction of the precollege class.

Sec. 901   RCW 28C.18.010 and 2009 c 151 s 5 are each reenacted and amended to read as follows:
     Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this section apply throughout this title.
     (1) "Adult basic education" means instruction designed to achieve mastery of skills in reading, writing, oral communication, and computation at a level sufficient to allow the individual to function effectively as a parent, worker, and citizen in the United States, commensurate with that individual's actual ability level, and includes English as a second language and preparation and testing service for the general education development exam.
     (2) "Board" means the ((workforce training and education coordinating board)) state board for community and technical colleges.
     (3) "Director" means the director of the ((workforce training and education coordinating)) board.
     (4) "Industry skill panel" means a regional partnership of business, labor, and education leaders that identifies skill gaps in a key economic cluster and enables the industry and public partners to respond to and be proactive in addressing workforce skill needs.
     (5) "Training system" means programs and courses of secondary vocational education, technical college programs and courses, community college vocational programs and courses, private career school and college programs and courses, employer-sponsored training, adult basic education programs and courses, programs and courses funded by the federal workforce investment act, programs and courses funded by the federal vocational act, programs and courses funded under the federal adult education act, publicly funded programs and courses for adult literacy education, and apprenticeships, and programs and courses offered by private and public nonprofit organizations that are representative of communities or significant segments of communities and provide job training or adult literacy services.
     (6) "Vocational education" means organized educational programs offering a sequence of courses which are directly related to the preparation or retraining of individuals in paid or unpaid employment in current or emerging occupations requiring other than a baccalaureate or advanced degree. Such programs shall include competency-based applied learning which contributes to an individual's academic knowledge, higher-order reasoning, and problem-solving skills, work attitudes, general employability skills, and the occupational-specific skills necessary for economic independence as a productive and contributing member of society. Such term also includes applied technology education.
     (7) "Workforce development council" means a local workforce investment board as established in P.L. 105-220 Sec. 117.
     (8) "Workforce skills" means skills developed through applied learning that strengthen and reinforce an individual's academic knowledge, critical thinking, problem solving, and work ethic and, thereby, develop the employability, occupational skills, and management of home and work responsibilities necessary for economic independence.

Sec. 902   RCW 28C.18.070 and 1995 c 130 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) The legislature continues to recognize the vital role that workforce development efforts play in equipping the state's workers with the skills they need to succeed in an economy that requires higher levels of skill and knowledge. The legislature also recognizes that businesses are increasingly relying on the state's workforce development programs and expect them to be responsive to their changing skill requirements. The state benefits from a workforce development system that allows firms and workers to be highly competitive in global markets.
     (2) The establishment of the workforce training and education coordinating board ((was an)) and the transfer of its powers, duties, and functions to the state board for community and technical colleges are integral steps in developing a strategic approach to workforce development. For the ((coordinating)) board to carry out its intended role, the board must be able to give unambiguous guidance to operating agencies, the governor, and the legislature. It is the intent of chapter 130, Laws of 1995, to clarify the preeminent role intended for the ((workforce training and education coordinating)) board in coordination and policy development of the state's workforce development efforts.
     (3) In the event that federal workforce development funds are block granted to the state, it is the intent of the legislature to seek the broadest possible input, from local and statewide organizations concerned with workforce development, on the allocation of the federal funds.
     (4) For purposes of RCW 28C.18.080 through 28C.18.110, the term "program" shall not refer to the activities of individual institutions such as individual community or technical colleges, common schools, service delivery areas, or job service centers; nor shall it refer to individual fields of study or courses.

Sec. 903   RCW 28C.18.130 and 2008 c 103 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) Subject to funding provided for the purposes of this section, the board, in consultation with ((the state board for community and technical colleges,)) the department of ((community, trade, and economic development)) commerce, and the employment security department, shall allocate grants on a competitive basis to establish and support industry skill panels.
     (2) Eligible applicants for the grants allocated under this section include, but are not limited to, workforce development councils, community and technical colleges, economic development councils, private career schools, chambers of commerce, trade associations, and apprenticeship councils.
     (3) Entities applying for a grant under this section shall provide an employer match of at least twenty-five percent to be eligible. The local match may include in-kind services.
     (4) It shall be the role of industry skill panels funded under this chapter to enable businesses in the industry to address workforce skill needs. Industry skill panels shall identify workforce strategies to meet the needs in order to benefit employers and workers across the industry. Examples of strategies include, but are not limited to: Developing career guidance materials; producing or updating skill standards and curricula; designing training programs and courses; developing technical assessments and certifications; arranging employer mentoring, tutoring, and internships; identifying private sector assistance in providing faculty or equipment to training providers; and organizing industry conferences disseminating best practices. The products and services of particular skill panels shall depend upon the needs of the industry.

Sec. 904   RCW 28C.18.132 and 2008 c 258 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) To the extent funds are appropriated specifically for this purpose ((and in partnership with the state board for community and technical colleges)), the board shall convene a work group that includes representatives from the prosperity partnership, the technology alliance, the higher education coordinating board, a private career or vocational school, a four-year public institution of higher education, the council of faculty representatives, the united faculty of Washington state, community and technical college faculty, and a community and technical college student, to take the following actions related to electronically distributed learning:
     (a) Identify and evaluate current national private employer workplace-based educational programs with electronically distributed learning components provided by public colleges and universities. The evaluation shall include:
     (i) A review of the literature and interviews of practitioners about promising practices and results;
     (ii) An initial determination of feasibility based on targeted populations served, subject matter, and level of education;
     (iii) An overview of technological considerations and adult learning strategies for distribution of learning to employer sites; and
     (iv) An overview of cost factors, including shared costs or coinvestments by public and private partners;
     (b) Review and, to the extent necessary, establish standards and best practices regarding electronically distributed learning and related support services including online help desk support, advising, mentoring, counseling, and tutoring;
     (c) Recommend methods to increase student access to electronically distributed learning programs of study and identify barriers to programs of study participation and completion;
     (d) Determine methods to increase the institutional supply and quality of open course materials, with a focus on the OpenCourseWare initiative at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
     (e) Recommend methods to increase the availability and use of digital open textbooks; and
     (f) Review and report demographic information on electronically distributed learning programs of study enrollments, retention, and completions.
     (2) The board shall work in cooperation with the state board for community and technical colleges to report the preliminary results of the studies to the appropriate committees of the legislature by December 1, 2008, and a final report by December 1, 2009.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 905   RCW 28C.18.020 (Workforce training and education coordinating board) and 2010 c 128 s 6 & 1991 c 238 s 3 are each repealed.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 906   A new section is added to chapter 28C.18 RCW to read as follows:
     (1) The workforce training and education coordinating board is hereby abolished and its powers, duties, and functions are hereby transferred to the state board for community and technical colleges. All references to the director or the workforce training and education coordinating board in the Revised Code of Washington shall be construed to mean the director or the state board for community and technical colleges.
     (2)(a) All reports, documents, surveys, books, records, files, papers, or written material in the possession of the workforce training and education coordinating board shall be delivered to the custody of the state board for community and technical colleges. All cabinets, furniture, office equipment, motor vehicles, and other tangible property employed by the workforce training and education coordinating board shall be made available to the state board for community and technical colleges. All funds, credits, or other assets held by the workforce training and education coordinating board shall be assigned to the state board for community and technical colleges.
     (b) Any appropriations made to the workforce training and education coordinating board shall, on the effective date of this section, be transferred and credited to the state board for community and technical colleges.
     (c) If any question arises as to the transfer of any personnel, funds, books, documents, records, papers, files, equipment, or other tangible property used or held in the exercise of the powers and the performance of the duties and functions transferred, the director of financial management shall make a determination as to the proper allocation and certify the same to the state agencies concerned.
     (3) All employees of the workforce training and education coordinating board are transferred to the jurisdiction of the state board for community and technical colleges. All employees classified under chapter 41.06 RCW, the state civil service law, are assigned to the state board for community and technical colleges to perform their usual duties upon the same terms as formerly, without any loss of rights, subject to any action that may be appropriate thereafter in accordance with the laws and rules governing state civil service.
     (4) All rules and all pending business before the workforce training and education coordinating board shall be continued and acted upon by the state board for community and technical colleges. All existing contracts and obligations shall remain in full force and shall be performed by the state board for community and technical colleges.
     (5) The transfer of the powers, duties, functions, and personnel of the workforce training and education coordinating board shall not affect the validity of any act performed before the effective date of this section.
     (6) If apportionments of budgeted funds are required because of the transfers directed by this section, the director of financial management shall certify the apportionments to the agencies affected, the state auditor, and the state treasurer. Each of these shall make the appropriate transfer and adjustments in funds and appropriation accounts and equipment records in accordance with the certification.
     (7) All classified employees of the workforce training and education coordinating board assigned to the state board for community and technical colleges under this section whose positions are within an existing bargaining unit description at the state board for community and technical colleges shall become a part of the existing bargaining unit at the state board for community and technical colleges and shall be considered an appropriate inclusion or modification of the existing bargaining unit under the provisions of chapter 41.80 RCW.

Sec. 1001   RCW 28B.76.280 and 2010 1st sp.s. c 7 s 58 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) In consultation with the institutions of higher education and state education agencies, the ((board)) committee shall identify the data needed to carry out its responsibilities for policy analysis, accountability, program improvements, and public information. The primary goals of the ((board's)) committee's data collection and research are to describe how students and other beneficiaries of higher education are being served; to support higher education accountability; and to assist state policymakers and institutions in making policy decisions.
     (2) The board shall identify the most cost-effective manner for the ((board)) committee to collect data or access existing data. The ((board)) committee shall develop research priorities, policies, and common definitions to maximize the reliability and consistency of data across institutions.
     (3) Specific protocols shall be developed by the ((board)) committee to protect the privacy of individual student records while ensuring the availability of student data for legitimate research purposes.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1101   A new section is added to chapter 43.33A RCW to read as follows:
     (1) The HELP investment fund is created within the state investment board's portfolio of investment pools.
     (2) Allocations to the fund shall be made by the state investment board and shall not exceed three hundred million dollars.
     (3) The rate charged to four-year institutions of higher education for their proportional share of the HELP fund shall be a competitive market rate determined by the state investment board.
     (4) The state treasurer shall by rule oversee the uniformity and fiscal integrity and transparency of the HELP fund.
     (5) Proceeds of the HELP fund are to be exclusively for upper division undergraduate and graduate students at institutions of higher education as defined in RCW 28B.10.016.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1201   Sections 201 and 202 of this act constitute a new chapter in Title 28B RCW.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1202   RCW 28B.76.280 is recodified as a section in chapter 44.48 RCW.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1203   Section 904 of this act expires December 31, 2012.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1204   Sections 101 through 104, 201 through 203, 301 through 304, 501, 601, 701, 801, 802, 901 through 906, 1001, and 1101 of this act take effect July 1, 2012.