Background:

Juvenile Dispositions.

In the juvenile justice system, sentences for juvenile offenders are referred to as "dispositions." If a juvenile is found guilty of committing an offense, the court enters an order of disposition. Most disposition orders impose a punishment that is based upon a standard-range grid, which is set out in statute. The disposition order in a juvenile offender's case may include detention, community service, a period of community supervision, restitution, and/or a fine. The standard-range disposition is determined by the seriousness of the offense and the juvenile's prior criminal history. For less serious offenses, the court may impose "local sanctions," where the juvenile may not be sentenced to more than 30 days in detention. If an offense is serious enough, or if a juvenile has a significant offender history, the juvenile may be committed to a facility within the Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration (JRA), which is within the Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS). Under certain circumstances, the court may deviate from the standard range and impose a disposition alternative or a sentence that is higher or lower than the standard range.

Disposition Alternatives.

Disposition alternatives are referred to in statute as "Options."

Juvenile Dispositions Description

Option A Standard-Range Sentence

Option B Suspended Disposition Alternative

Option C Chemical Dependency Disposition Alternative

Option D Manifest Injustice

Option A is the standard-range sentence. Under Option B, the court may suspend a sentence that requires a commitment to the JRA and impose conditions that the juvenile must meet. If the juvenile fails to meet those conditions, the court may require the juvenile to serve the JRA commitment. Option C permits the court impose an alternative sentence for an offender who may need substance abuse treatment. Option D allows the court to impose an alternative sentence if the standard-range sentence would be a "manifest injustice," either too harsh or too lenient. Before imposing a sentence under Option D, the court must support its findings by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence.

Chemical Dependency Disposition Alternative.

The Chemical Dependency Disposition Alternative (CDDA) is an alternative sentence for juvenile offenders who may need chemical dependency treatment. Juvenile offenders are eligible for a CDDA if subject to a standard range disposition of local sanctions or 13 to 36 weeks of confinement and has not committed an A- or B+ offense, other than a first time B+ drug offense. In these cases, the court may order a chemical dependency evaluation to determine if the youth is chemically dependent.

If the court determines that a CDDA is appropriate, the court must impose a disposition and suspend that disposition with a condition that the juvenile undergo outpatient or inpatient chemical dependency treatment. Inpatient treatment for this purpose must not exceed 90 days. The court may also impose conditions of community supervision and other sanctions as part of the CDDA.

If the juvenile violates any condition of the CDDA or the court finds that the juvenile is failing to make satisfactory progress in treatment, the court may impose sanctions or revoke the suspension.

Community Supervision of Juvenile Offenders.

Community supervision for juvenile offenders means an order of disposition for a youth adjudicated of a juvenile offense who is not committed to a sentence at a JRA institution, or granted a deferred disposition. Community supervision orders for a single offense may be for a period up to two years for a sex offense and up to one year for other offenses. Courts must include as a condition of community supervision an order for the juvenile to refrain from committing new offenses. The court must also include in its order a condition mandating school attendance. Community supervision may also include one or more of the following:

a fine not to exceed $500 and community service not to exceed 150 hours;
employment;
attendance at information classes;
literacy classes;
counseling;
outpatient substance abuse and mental health treatment programs;
anger management classes;
education or outpatient treatment programs to prevent animal cruelty;
other services;
attendance at school or other educational programs appropriate for the juvenile as determined by the school district;
monitoring and reporting requirements; and
posting of a probation bond.

Summary of Bill:

Residential Treatment Included in Community Supervision.

Residential treatment for substance abuse, mental health, or co-occurring disorders that have been identified in an assessment by a qualified mental health professional, psychologist, psychiatrist, or chemical dependency professional may be included in the community supervision of juvenile offenders. A court may order such inpatient treatment after considering findings regarding whether:

the referral is necessary to rehabilitate the child;
the referral is necessary to protect the public or the child;
the referral is in the child's best interest;
the child has been given the opportunity to engage in less restrictive treatment and has been unable or unwilling to comply; and
inpatient treatment is the least restrictive action consistent with the child's needs and circumstances.

In cases where the court orders a child to inpatient treatment pursuant to community supervision requirements, the court must hold a review hearing no later than 60 days after the youth begins inpatient treatment, and every 30 days thereafter, as long as the youth is in inpatient treatment.

Disposition Alternatives.

The juvenile mental health disposition alternative is repealed.

Mental health is added to the Chemical Dependency Disposition Alternative to create the Chemical Dependency or Mental Health Disposition Alternative. This disposition alternative would now be available to certain juvenile offenders where the evidence shows that the offender has significant mental health or co-occurring disorders and after examination by a mental health professional. After receipt of this report, the court would consider whether the offender and community would benefit from the disposition alternative and the court could order as a condition of the suspended sentence requiring the offender to attend mental health, or co-occurring disorder treatment and/or inpatient mental health treatment.

The maximum length of inpatient treatment that a court may order under this disposition alternative of 90 days is removed. The court is required to hold a review hearing if the inpatient treatment is longer than 90 days every 30 days beyond the initial 90 days. The respondent may appear telephonically at these review hearings if in compliance with treatment.

The costs incurred by the juvenile courts for the mental health, chemical dependency, and/or co-occurring disorder evaluations, treatment, and the costs of supervision associated with these disposition alternatives must be paid by the DSHS subject to funds appropriated for that purpose.