SENATE BILL REPORT

3SHB 1504

This analysis was prepared by non-partisan legislative staff for the use of legislative members in their deliberations. This analysis is not a part of the legislation nor does it constitute a statement of legislative intent.

As of February 25, 2020

Title: An act relating to impaired driving.

Brief Description: Concerning impaired driving.

Sponsors: House Committee on Transportation (originally sponsored by Representatives Klippert and Goodman).

Brief History: Passed House: 2/18/20, 95-1.

Committee Activity: Law & Justice: 2/25/20.

Brief Summary of Bill

  • Allows the court to waive the mandatory minimum sentence for a first-time impaired driving conviction and revises the alternative penalties for the second and third offenses upon showing of substantial risk to the offender's physical or mental well-being.

  • Revises penalty enhancements for impaired driving offenses involving minor passengers.

  • Precludes the portion of a felony impaired driving sentence attributed to certain impaired driving-related enhancements from being eligible for good time credits or earned release time.

  • Revises Department of Licensing procedures governing day-for-day credits from a separate suspension arising from the same incident.

  • Modifies procedures for ignition interlock devices required for impaired driving offenses.

  • Adds physical control to the crimes allowing recovery of emergency response costs from an incident caused by an intoxicated defendant.

  • Increases the driver's license reissue fee from $150 to $175 and the monthly ignition interlock device revolving account fee from $20 to $21.

SENATE COMMITTEE ON LAW & JUSTICE

Staff: Melissa Burke-Cain (786-7755)

Background: Impaired Driving Offenses. A person is guilty of impaired driving if their levels of intoxicating liquor, drugs, or marijuana, exceeds the levels permitted by law or affects their ability to drive, and the person is either:

A DUI or PC offense is a gross misdemeanor if the defendant has two or fewer prior impaired driving offenses within the previous seven years. A DUI or PC offense becomes a felony offense if the defendant has three or more prior impaired driving offenses within the previous ten years, or has a conviction for vehicular homicide or vehicular assault while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug.

Penalties for Non-felony DUI and PC Offenses. The DUI or PC criminal penalties vary according to the defendant's prior offenses and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of testing. If a defendant has no prior offenses in the previous seven years, the court must impose a minimum term of one or two days of imprisonment, depending on the person's BAC at time of arrest. Alternatively, the court may order 15 or 30 days of electronic home monitoring (EHM) or 90 or 120 days of 24/7 Sobriety Program monitoring.

A second or third offense within seven years carries both a mandatory minimum incarceration term and a minimum EHM term depending on the person's BAC. For a second offense, the court may replace the standard sentence of 30 or 45 days in jail and 60 or 90 days of EHM with a minimum of either four or six days in jail and either 180 days of EHM or 120 days of 24/7 Sobriety Program monitoring. For a third offense, the court must impose a minimum term of 90 or 120 days of incarceration, but may replace the mandatory minimum of 120 or 150 days of EHM with an additional 8 or 10 days of incarceration. Whether the sentence is for a first, second, or third offense, the court cannot suspend the mandatory minimum sentence, or the alternative sentence, unless the court finds the mandatory minimum sentence would impose a substantial risk to the offender's physical or mental well-being.

Impaired Driving Sentencing Enhancements and Additional Penalties for Minor Passengers. The court uses a sentencing grid when it determines the sentence for most felony offenses. Aggravating factors authorize a sentence above the standard range on the sentencing grid. A two-year enhancement above the standard-range sentence applies to vehicular homicide-DUI for each prior impaired driving-related offense. A 12-month enhancement applies to vehicular homicide-DUI, vehicular assault-DUI, and felony DUI, or felony PC when there are one or more minor passengers under the age of 16 riding in the defendant's vehicle. These enhancements are mandatory, the offender must serve them in confinement, and the term runs consecutively to all other sentencing provisions.

An enhanced penalty applies to a non-felony DUI or PC offense when there is a passenger under the age of 16 riding in the defendant's vehicle at the time of the offense. In these cases, the court must order added imprisonment time and an added fine, depending on the defendant's prior impaired driving-related offenses. Additional imprisonment ranges from 24 hours—no prior offenses, to 10 days—two prior offenses. The additional fine ranges from $1,000 to $5,000—no prior offenses, to $3,000 to $10,000—two prior offenses. Whenever a person convicted of DUI or PC had a minor passenger under the age of 16 in the vehicle, the court orders the use of an ignition interlock or other device for an additional six months.

Earned Release Time. Good behavior and good performance may earn an offender earned release time. The earned release time depends on various factors, including the underlying offense and the conviction date. Earned release time does not apply to certain enhancements specified in statute.

Driver's License Suspension. By driving a vehicle in Washington, drivers give implied consent to a breathalyzer test when arrested for impaired driving. If the driver refuses to take the test, or if the driver's BAC is 0.08 or higher or tetrahydrocannabinol concentration is 5.00 or higher, Department of Licensing (DOL) must suspend the person's driver's license for a minimum of 90 days to two years, depending on the circumstances. DOL must give the person at least 45 days' notice of the suspension date.

A convicted driver has their driver's license suspended by DOL for between 90 days and four years, depending on the person's BAC and the number of prior offenses. DOL must give day-for-day credit for any days of suspension already served on an administrative suspension. After the suspension ends, the driver must meet certain criteria and pay a license reissue fee to reinstate their driver's license.

DOL must order the person to surrender their driver's license when it receives a notice of conviction or a deferred prosecution. When reinstated after suspension, the driver must obtain a probationary license in order to operate a motor vehicle. A $50 fee applies to each original issue or renewal of a probationary license. The fee for reissuance of a driver's license following the probationary period is $150.

Ignition Interlock Requirements. A driver may only drive a vehicle equipped with an ignition interlock device:

In impaired driving cases, the court immediately notifies DOL when it imposes an ignition interlock restriction as a condition of release or after conviction and the offense involves alcohol. When it receives notice from the court, DOL must note the restriction on the driver's record. Law enforcement officers have access to the driving record. If the ignition interlock restriction relates to a conviction for an impaired driving offense, the restriction lasts one year, five years, or ten years, depending on the number of prior offenses.

The Washington State Patrol promulgates rules for certifying, installing, repairing, maintaining, monitoring, inspecting, and removing ignition interlock devices. An ignition interlock device prevents the motor vehicle from starting when the driver's breath sample shows an alcohol concentration of 0.025 or more. A person who disables or circumvents the interlock device, or drives a vehicle without an ignition interlock device, commits a gross misdemeanor.

Emergency Cost Recovery. If an intoxicated person causes an incident requiring emergency response and the person is found guilty or receives a deferred prosecution for an offense arising from the incident, they are liable for the cost of the emergency response. In qualifying cases, the prosecutor may present the emergency response costs in court. If the court finds the expenses reasonable, it orders the defendant to reimburse the public agency for the costs up to a maximum of $2,500 per incident.

The offenses eligible for emergency cost recovery are:

Summary of Bill: Alternative Penalties for Nonfelony DUI and PC Offenses. For a first impaired driving offense, the court may suspend the mandatory minimum sentence and impose the alternative penalties. The court may decide the mandatory minimum sentence will impose a substantial risk to the offender's physical or mental well-being without making a specific finding. For second and third offenses, the court may suspend the mandatory minimum sentence, and impose the alternative provisions only if the court finds substantial risk to the offender's physical or mental well-being. Amendments to the alternative penalties include removing jail time; and providing for a second offense, that the alternative penalty is either a minimum of 180 days of EHM or 120 days of 24/7 Sobriety Program monitoring, and, for a third offense, the alternative penalty is 360 days of either EHM or 24/7 Sobriety Program monitoring. References are changed from "alcoholism" and "alcohol or drug dependency" to "substance use disorder" in the provisions relating to criminal penalties and drivers licensing consequences for impaired driving offenses.

Sentencing Enhancements and Additional Penalties for Minor Passengers. Felony impaired driving sentence enhancements for minor passengers under the age of 16 run consecutively with other minor child enhancements in addition to being consecutive to other sentencing provisions. Sentence enhancements because minor passengers are in the vehicle in non-felony DUI and PC sentences apply to each minor passenger under the age of 16. The offender must serve the additional time in custody and consecutively for each minor passenger.

The court imposes an additional 12 months, rather than an additional six months, of ignition interlock time for each minor in the vehicle when the defender commits the offense. In felony DUI and PC cases and in non-felony cases in which the court imposes penalties for having a high BAC, the offender must serve an additional 18 months of ignition interlock time for each minor in the vehicle.

Limits on Earned Release. The following enhancements preclude good time or earned release credits:

Driver's License Suspension. DOL must provide notice of full credit, and impose no further suspension or additional license reissue fees, for an administrative suspension or a conviction when the driver receives day-for-day credit from a prior suspension arising from the same incident that is equal to or greater than the suspension. DOL's notice must inform a driver about reinstating their license and paying the probationary license fee to avoid a license suspension. If the restricted driver fulfills all obligations by the date specified in the written notice, DOL must provide the probationary license without requiring further action by the driver.

The driver's license reinstatement fee for an alcohol related suspension is increased from $150 to $175.

Ignition Interlock Conditions. The court must immediately notify DOL when it imposes an ignition interlock restriction as a condition of release or after a conviction for any impaired driving offense, not only when the offense involves alcohol. The ignition interlock restriction begins after any mandatory license suspension.

The ignition interlock device monthly fee is increased from $20 to $21.

When DOL receives notice of a restricted person's conviction for driving a vehicle without an ignition interlock device, or circumventing an ignition interlock device, it extends the ignition interlock term by 180 days. Law enforcement may impound and authorize towing of any vehicle that a person with an ignition interlock restriction drives without an ignition interlock device. Ignition interlock devices must prevent the motor vehicle from starting when the breath sample alcohol concentration is 0.020 or more, rather than 0.025 or more.

Emergency Cost Recovery. The list of offenses for which the defendant may be held liable for emergency cost recovery includes PC offenses. Cost reimbursement must go directly to the public agency or agencies that incurred the emergency response cost.

Appropriation: None.

Fiscal Note: Available.

Creates Committee/Commission/Task Force that includes Legislative members: No.

Effective Date: The bill contains several effective dates. Please refer to the bill.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony: PRO: The details of the bill give you the "what" is needed to improve the DUI and PC laws. In this country there are approximately 9890 deaths each year due to a DUI crash; globally there are many more. Think of the relatively small number of persons recently infected with coronavirus and the huge impact that is having on our stock market right now. As to the "who" behind the bill, this bill is the result of meetings that we have every quarter with DUI stakeholders. The stakeholders bring us their experiences and their recommendations for making the DUI laws better and more effective in preventing injury and death from DUI.

Persons Testifying: PRO: Representative Brad Klippert, Prime Sponsor.

Persons Signed In To Testify But Not Testifying: No one.