The Growth Management Act (GMA) requires that certain counties, and the cities within those counties, engage in planning for future population growth.  The central part of the planning process is the comprehensive plan.  The Legislature has established 13 goals that should act as the basis of all comprehensive plans.  Examples of goals include reducing sprawl, providing for affordable housing, and protecting property rights.  The comprehensive plan must address these goals and set out the policies and standards that are meant to guide the city or county's actions and decisions in the future.  These plans are required to be updated every eight years and must contain certain elements, such as a land use element, a housing element, and a capital facilities plan.  These elements must satisfy the requirements for each individual element while fitting within the overall comprehensive plan.

One required element of the comprehensive plan that applies only to counties is the rural element.  This element covers rural development and measures to protect the rural character of an area.  Measures to protect this character include containing or controlling rural development; assuring visual compatibility of development with the surrounding rural area; reducing the conversion of undeveloped land into low-density development; protecting critical areas; and protecting against conflicts with agricultural, forest, and mineral resource lands. The rural element can also allow limited areas of more intensive rural development (LAMIRDs) within existing developed areas.

There are three types of LAMIRD.  The first type is infill, development, or redevelopment of existing commercial, industrial, residential, or mixed-use areas.  Development or redevelopment, other than that in an industrial area or of an industrial use, must be designed to principally serve the existing and projected rural population.  Any development or redevelopment in terms of building size, scale, use, or intensity must be consistent with the character of the existing area and changes in use of vacant land or a change in use from an existing use must conform to these requirements and to the overall requirements of the rural element of the comprehensive plan.

A second type of LAMIRD is the intensification or development of small-scale recreational or tourist uses that rely on a rural setting.  These uses cannot include new residential development, and public services and facilities must be limited to those necessary to serve the recreational or tourist use and cannot be provided in a way that permits low-density sprawl.  Recreational or tourist uses are not required to principally serve the existing and projected rural population.

A third type of LAMIRD is the intensification of development on lots containing isolated cottage industries or small-scale businesses that are not designed to principally serve the existing and projected rural population, but that do provide rural job opportunities.  The expansion of these small-scale businesses can be allowed as long as they conform to the rural character of the area.  Any public services and facilities must be limited to those needed to serve the businesses and cannot be provided in a manner that permits low-density sprawl.

A county is required to adopt measures to minimize and contain areas and uses of more intensive rural development within existing areas of development, and lands included within those areas must not extend past the logical boundary of the area.  An existing area is a clearly identifiable area based on the built environment that was in place at the time that the county became subject to the requirements of the GMA.  A county is required to establish the logical outer boundary of existing intensive rural development based on the need to preserve the character of existing communities; on physical boundaries such as bodies of water, streets, and land forms; on the prevention of abnormally irregular boundaries; and on the ability to provide public facilities and services in a way that does not permit low-density sprawl.

In a LAMIRD involving the development or redevelopment (development) of existing commercial, industrial, residential, or mixed-use areas, any development in terms of building size, scale, use, or intensity may be allowed if all existing providers of public facilities and public services confirm that there is sufficient capacity to serve the new development.  This development may include changes from vacant land or from a prior use if the use is consistent with the rural element requirements and is consistent with the local character.  Any commercial development in a mixed-use area must be designed primarily to serve the existing and projected rural population.  Any retail or food service space in the development must not exceed the greater of the footprint of previously occupied space or 5,000 sq. feet for the same or similar use and must not exceed 2,500 sq. feet for a new use.

A county is required to adopt measures to minimize and contain areas of more intensive rural development within existing areas of development, but is not required to contain uses of more intensive rural development.