AN ACT Relating to child protective services; amending RCW 26.44.010, 26.44.020, 26.44.030, 26.44.053, 26.44.056, 26.44.070, 13.34.020, 13.34.030, 13.34.120, 13.34.180, and 13.34.190; and reenacting and amending RCW 13.34.060.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

Sec. 1. Section 1, chapter 13, Laws of 1965 as last amended by section 1, chapter 97, Laws of 1984 and RCW 26.44.010 are each amended to read as follows:

The Washington state legislature finds and declares: The bond between a child and his or her parent, custodian, or guardian is of paramount importance, and any intervention into the life of a child is also an intervention into the life of the parent, custodian, or guardian; however, instances of nonaccidental injury, neglect, death, sexual abuse and cruelty to children by their parents, custodians or guardians have occurred, and in the instance where a child is deprived of his or her right to conditions of minimal nurture, health, and safety, the state is justified in emergency intervention based upon verified information; and therefore the Washington state legislature hereby provides for the reporting of such cases to the appropriate public authorities. It is the intent of the legislature that, as a result of such reports, protective services shall be made available in an effort to prevent further abuses, and to safeguard the general welfare of such children((~~: PROVIDED, That such~~)). The protective services shall have as its paramount goal the best interests of the child. When the right of the child to safety and security from harm conflict with the statutory mandate to preserve the family unit, the child's need for safety and security from harm shall prevail. Reports shall be maintained and disseminated with strictest regard for the privacy of the subjects of such reports and so as to safeguard against arbitrary, malicious or erroneous information or actions: PROVIDED FURTHER, That this chapter shall not be construed to authorize interference with child-raising practices, including reasonable parental discipline, which are not proved to be injurious to the child's health, welfare and safety. In all cases, those persons investigating reports of child abuse may take into account accepted child rearing practices of the culture to which the child belongs.

Adult dependent persons not able to provide for their own protection through the criminal justice system shall also be afforded the protection offered children through the reporting and investigation requirements mandated in this chapter.

Sec. 2. Section 2, chapter 13, Laws of 1965 as last amended by section 2, chapter 97, Laws of 1984 and RCW 26.44.020 are each amended to read as follows:

For the purpose of and as used in this chapter:

(1) "Court" means the superior court of the state of Washington, juvenile department.

(2) "Law enforcement agency" means the police department, the prosecuting attorney, the state patrol, the director of public safety, or the office of the sheriff.

(3) "Practitioner of the healing arts" or "practitioner" means a person licensed by this state to practice podiatry, optometry, chiropractic, nursing, dentistry, osteopathy and surgery, or medicine and surgery or to provide other health services. The term "practitioner" shall include a duly accredited Christian Science practitioner: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, That a person who is being furnished Christian Science treatment by a duly accredited Christian Science practitioner shall not be considered, for that reason alone, a neglected person for the purposes of this chapter.

(4) "Institution" means a private or public hospital or any other facility providing medical diagnosis, treatment or care.

(5) "Department" means the state department of social and health services.

(6) "Child" or "children" means any person under the age of eighteen years of age.

(7) "Professional school personnel" shall include, but not be limited to, teachers, counselors, administrators, child care facility personnel, and school nurses.

(8) "Social ((~~worker~~)) service counselor" shall mean anyone engaged in a professional capacity during the regular course of employment in encouraging or promoting the health, welfare, support or education of children, or providing social services to adults or families, including mental health, drug and alcohol treatment, and domestic violence programs, whether in an individual capacity, or as an employee or agent of any public or private organization or institution.

(9) "Psychologist" shall mean any person licensed to practice psychology under chapter 18.83 RCW, whether acting in an individual capacity or as an employee or agent of any public or private organization or institution.

(10) "Pharmacist" shall mean any registered pharmacist under the provisions of chapter 18.64 RCW, whether acting in an individual capacity or as an employee or agent of any public or private organization or institution.

(11) "Clergy" shall mean any regularly licensed or ordained minister, priest or rabbi of any church or religious denomination, whether acting in an individual capacity or as an employee or agent of any public or private organization or institution.

(12) "Child abuse or neglect" shall mean ((the injury, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, or negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child by any person under circumstances which indicate that the child's health, welfare, and safety is harmed thereby. An abused child is a child who has been subjected to child abuse or neglect as defined herein: PROVIDED, That this subsection shall not be construed to authorize interference with child-raising practices, including reasonable parental discipline, which are not proved to be injurious to the child's health, welfare, and safety)):

(a) Inflicting physical injury on a child by other than accidental means, causing death, disfigurement, skin bruises, or loss or impairment of any bodily function;

(b) Creating a substantial risk of physical harm to a child's bodily functions;

(c) Committing any sexual action against or with a child, as defined in the criminal code, or intentionally touching the genitals, anus, or breasts of a child or touching either directly or through the clothing for other than hygiene or child care purposes;

(d) Committing acts against a child that are cruel or inhumane, regardless of observable injury, including but not limited to instances of extreme discipline demonstrating a disregard of a child's pain or mental suffering;

(e) Assaulting or criminally mistreating a child, as provided in the criminal code;

(f) Failing to provide a child with food, shelter, clothing, supervision, or health care, necessary to a child's health or safety. Unless there is an imminent risk of harm to the child's physical or emotional welfare, failure to provide for a child's needs shall not constitute the sole basis for filing a dependency petition;

(g) Engaging in actions or omissions which create a substantial risk to the physical or mental health or development of a child; or

(h) Failure, by a parent, guardian, custodian, or person responsible for the care and supervision of a child, to take reasonable steps to prevent the occurrence of (a) through (g) of this subsection.

(13) "Child protective services section" shall mean the child protective services section of the department.

(14) "Child protective services" means those services provided by the department designed to protect children from child abuse and neglect and safeguard the general welfare of such children including investigations of child abuse and neglect reports, and the development, management, and provision of or referral to services to ameliorate conditions which endanger the welfare of children, the coordination of necessary programs and services relevant to the prevention, intervention, and treatment of child abuse and neglect, and services to children to ensure that each child has a permanent home.

(15) "Adult dependent persons not able to provide for their own protection through the criminal justice system" shall be defined as those persons over the age of eighteen years who have been found legally incompetent pursuant to chapter 11.88 RCW or found disabled to such a degree pursuant to said chapter, that such protection is indicated: PROVIDED, That no persons reporting injury, abuse, or neglect to an adult dependent person as defined herein shall suffer negative consequences if such a judicial determination of incompetency or disability has not taken place and the person reporting believes in good faith that the adult dependent person has been found legally incompetent pursuant to chapter 11.88 RCW.

(((15) "Sexual exploitation" includes: (a) Allowing, permitting, or encouraging a child to engage in prostitution by any person; or (b) allowing, permitting, encouraging, or engaging in the obscene or pornographic photographing, filming, or depicting of a child for commercial purposes as those acts are defined by state law by any person.

(16) "Negligent treatment or maltreatment" means an act or omission which evidences a serious disregard of consequences of such magnitude as to constitute a clear and present danger to the child's health, welfare, and safety.))

Sec. 3. Section 3, chapter 13, Laws of 1965 as last amended by section 1, chapter 145, Laws of 1986 and RCW 26.44.030 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) When any practitioner, professional school personnel, registered or licensed nurse, social ((~~worker~~)) service counselor, psychologist, pharmacist, ((or)) licensed or certified child care providers or their employees, employee of the department, or juvenile probation officer has reasonable cause to believe that a child or adult dependent person has suffered abuse or neglect, he shall report such incident, or cause a report to be made, to the proper law enforcement agency or to the department as provided in RCW 26.44.040. The report shall be made at the first opportunity, but in no case longer than forty-eight hours after there is reasonable cause to believe that the child or adult has suffered abuse or neglect.

(2) Any other person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child or adult dependent person has suffered abuse or neglect may report such incident to the proper law enforcement agency or to the department of social and health services as provided in RCW 26.44.040.

(3) The department, upon receiving a report of an incident of abuse or neglect pursuant to this chapter, involving a child or adult dependent person who has died or has had physical injury or injuries inflicted upon him other than by accidental means or who has been subjected to sexual abuse, shall report such incident in writing to the proper law enforcement agency.

(4) Any law enforcement agency receiving a report of an incident of abuse or neglect pursuant to this chapter, involving a child or adult dependent person who has died or has had physical injury or injuries inflicted upon him other than by accidental means, or who has been subjected to sexual abuse, shall report such incident in writing as provided in RCW 26.44.040 to the proper county prosecutor or city attorney for appropriate action whenever the law enforcement agency's investigation reveals that a crime may have been committed. The law enforcement agency shall also notify the department of all reports received and the law enforcement agency's disposition of them.

(5) Any county prosecutor or city attorney receiving a report under subsection (4) of this section shall notify the victim, any persons the victim requests, and the local office of the department, of the decision to charge or decline to charge a crime, within five days of making the decision.

(6) The department may conduct ongoing case planning and consultation with those persons or agencies required to report under this section, with consultants designated by the department, and with designated representatives of Washington Indian tribes if the client information exchanged is pertinent to cases currently receiving child protective services or department case services for the developmentally disabled. Upon request, the department shall conduct such planning and consultation with those persons required to report under this section if the department determines it is in the best interests of the child or developmentally disabled person. Information considered privileged by statute and not directly related to reports required by this section shall not be divulged without a valid written waiver of the privilege.

(7) Persons or agencies exchanging information under subsection (6) of this section shall not further disseminate or release the information except as authorized by state or federal statute. Violation of this subsection is a misdemeanor.

(8) Upon receiving reports of abuse or neglect, the department or a law enforcement agency may interview children without prior parental notification or consent. The interviews may be conducted on school premises, at day-care facilities, at the child's home, or at other suitable locations outside of the presence of parents.

(9) Upon receiving a report of incidents, conditions, or circumstances of child abuse and neglect, the department shall have access to all records of the child in the possession of mandated reporters and their employees.

(10) Upon receiving reports of child abuse and neglect, the department may determine whether the reports allege incidents, conditions, or circumstances that constitute child abuse or neglect. The department may decline to investigate reports that do not constitute abuse or neglect. The department shall investigate all reports which allege abuse or neglect by a person responsible for the care and supervision of the child according to standards of investigation which shall be established by the department. The standards of investigation shall at a minimum insure that the department gathers adequate information by which to assess risk and make an appropriate referral for services.

(11) The department shall begin pilot studies of an internally developed risk assessment tool on the effective date of this section. Training in the use of the service needs assessment/sufficiency screening model shall be developed and implemented as soon as is reasonably possible. The assessment/screening model shall be implemented on an office-by-office basis, as training is completed, but no later than one year. Implementation shall include the establishment of outcome measures and goals such that the assessment model shall be monitored, evaluated, and updated to reflect the most current research and state-of-the-art practice. This process shall continue for a period of four years from the effective date of this section. The staff who perform the function of screening cases shall have had a minimum of eighteen months of casework experience, no less than six months of which shall be in children's services. In addition, these staff shall have completed successfully all required children's services training, plus training specific to the assessment model. The department shall develop minimum standards of training and report upon those standards to the appropriate committees. State-wide use of the risk assessment tool shall occur when piloting has established it as a valid and reliable instrument. Training in the use of the tool shall precede implementation in each local community services office. Use of the risk assessment tool is integrally linked to sufficient community services, including, but not limited to, early childhood education, visiting public health nurses, parenting education, prenatal care, respite day care, cooperative day care, homemaker's services, parent aid, family reconciliation services, perinatal programs, parent-infant bonding assistance, and peer support groups. The department shall assure that community resources are made available to any persons screened out by use of the risk assessment tool, through utilization of existing community resources and additional resources as necessary within appropriated funds. The department shall engage in cooperative planning and funding with other providers for the development and expansion of community resources. The department shall develop strategies to maintain investigation records and to conduct timely and periodic reviews on all referred cases constituting abuse and neglect. The department shall maintain a log of screened-out nonabusive cases.

(12) The secretary of social and health services shall develop a reasonable workload standard in consideration of national child welfare organization standards for child protective service staff and establish guidelines for prioritization of child abuse case referrals to regulate child protective service workload.

Sec. 4. Section 8, chapter 217, Laws of 1975 1st ex. sess. and RCW 26.44.053 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) In any judicial proceeding in which it is alleged that a child has been subjected to child abuse or neglect the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem for the child: PROVIDED, That the requirement of a guardian ad litem shall be deemed satisfied if the child is represented by counsel in the proceedings.

(2) At any time prior to or during a hearing in such a case, when the court finds ((~~upon clear, cogent and convincing evidence~~)) that there is reasonable cause to believe that an incident of child abuse or neglect has occurred, the court may, on its own motion, or the motion of the guardian ad litem, or other parties, order the examination by a physician, psychologist or psychiatrist, of any parent or child or other person having custody of the child at the time of the alleged child abuse or neglect, if the court finds such an examination is necessary to the proper determination of the case. The hearing may be continued pending the completion of such examination. The physician, psychologist or psychiatrist conducting such an examination may be required to testify ((~~in the dispositional hearing~~)) concerning the results of such examination and may be asked to give his opinion as to whether the protection of the child requires that he not be returned to the custody of his parents or other persons having custody of him at the time of the alleged child abuse or neglect. Persons so testifying shall be subject to cross-examination as are other witnesses. No ((~~testimony~~)) information given at any such examination of the parent or any other person having custody of the child may be used against such person in any subsequent criminal proceedings against such person or custodian concerning the abuse or neglect of the child.

(3) A parent or other person having legal custody of a child alleged to be a child subjected to abuse or neglect shall be a party to any proceeding that may as a practical matter impair or impede such person's interest in custody or control of his or her child.

Sec. 5. Section 9, chapter 217, Laws of 1975 1st ex. sess. as last amended by section 3, chapter 246, Laws of 1983 and RCW 26.44.056 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) An administrator of a hospital or similar institution or any physician, licensed pursuant to chapters 18.71 or 18.57 RCW, may detain a child without consent of a person legally responsible for the child whether or not medical treatment is required, if the circumstances or conditions of the child are such that the detaining individual has reasonable cause to believe that permitting the child to continue in his or her place of residence or in the care and custody of the parent, guardian, custodian or other person legally responsible for the child's care would present an imminent danger to that child's safety: PROVIDED, That such administrator or physician shall notify or cause to be notified the appropriate law enforcement agency or child protective services pursuant to RCW 26.44.040. Such notification shall be made as soon as possible and in no case longer than seventy-two hours. Such temporary protective custody by an administrator or doctor shall not be deemed an arrest. Child protective services may detain the child until the court assumes custody, but in no case longer than seventy-two hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays.

(2) Whenever an administrator or physician has reasonable cause to believe that a child would be in imminent danger if released to a parent, guardian, custodian, or other person or is in imminent danger if left in the custody of a parent, guardian, custodian, or other person, the administrator or physician may notify a law enforcement agency and the law enforcement agency shall take the child into custody or cause the child to be taken into custody. The law enforcement agency shall release the child to the custody of child protective services. Child protective services shall detain the child until the court assumes custody or upon a documented and substantiated record that in the professional judgment of the child protective services, in consultation with the referring physician or hospital, the child's safety will not be endangered if the child is returned. If the child is returned, the department ((~~shall establish a six-month plan to monitor and assure the continued safety of the child's life or health. The monitoring period may be extended for good cause~~)) may seek court-mandated supervision under dependency or may establish a plan to assure the protection of the child for the parent's voluntary acceptance or rejection.

(3) A child protective services employee, an administrator, doctor, or law enforcement officer shall not be held liable in any civil action for the decision for taking the child into custody, if done in good faith under this section.

Sec. 6. Section 6, chapter 35, Laws of 1969 ex. sess. as last amended by section 3, chapter 269, Laws of 1986 and RCW 26.44.070 are each amended to read as follows:

The department shall maintain a central registry of reported cases of child abuse or abuse of an adult dependent person and shall adopt such rules and regulations as necessary in carrying out the provisions of this section. Records in the central registry shall be considered confidential and privileged and will not be available except upon court order to any person or agency except (1) law enforcement agencies as defined in this chapter in the course of an investigation of alleged abuse or neglect; (2) protective services workers or juvenile court personnel who are investigating reported incidents of abuse or neglect; (3) department of social and health services personnel who are investigating the character and/or suitability of an agency and other persons who are applicants for licensure, registration, or certification, or applicants for employment with such an agency or persons, or under contract to or employed by an agency or persons directly responsible for the care and treatment of children, expectant mothers, or adult dependent persons pursuant to chapter 74.15 RCW; (4) department of social and health services personnel who are investigating the character, suitability, and competence of persons being considered for employment with the department in positions directly responsible for the supervision, care, or treatment of children or developmentally disabled persons pursuant to chapters 43.20A and 41.06 RCW; (5) department of social and health services personnel who are investigating the character or suitability of any persons with whom children may be placed under the interstate compact on the placement of children, chapter 26.34 RCW; (6) physicians who are treating the child or adult dependent person or family; (7) any child or adult dependent person named in the registry who is alleged to be abused or neglected, or his or her guardian ad litem and/or attorney; (8) a parent, guardian, or other person legally responsible for the welfare and safety of the child or adult dependent person named in the registry; (9) any person engaged in a bona fide research purpose, as determined by the department, according to rules and regulations, provided that information identifying the persons of the registry shall remain privileged; and (10) any individual whose name appears on the registry shall have access to his own records. Those persons or agencies exempted by this section from the confidentiality of the records of the registry shall not further disseminate or release such information so provided to them and shall respect the confidentiality of such information, and any violation of this section shall constitute a misdemeanor.

The child protective services section shall notify any board of licensing, certifying authority, or school administration when a member, licensee, or employee has admitted to having committed child abuse and neglect or has been adjudicated to have committed child abuse or neglect and has been reported to the central registry or its replacement. The information placed in the central registry must be made available to licensing boards or school administrations upon request following notification as required by the child protective services section. Unless the victim of child abuse or neglect, or the victim's parent, guardian, or other person legally responsible for the victim's welfare consents to disclosure of the victim's name and address, such information shall not be contained in the information provided by the department.

Sec. 7. Section 30, chapter 291, Laws of 1977 ex. sess. and RCW 13.34.020 are each amended to read as follows:

The legislature declares that, for the purposes of the proceedings of this chapter, the paramount goal of the juvenile court is the best interest of the child. The legislature further declares that the family unit is a fundamental resource of American life which should be nurtured. Toward the continuance of this principle, the legislature declares that the family unit should remain intact in the absence of ((~~compelling evidence to the contrary~~)) reasonable grounds to believe a child's health, safety, or welfare will be seriously endangered in the home.

Sec. 8. Section 31, chapter 291, Laws of 1977 ex. sess. as last amended by section 2, chapter 311, Laws of 1983 and RCW 13.34.030 are each amended to read as follows:

For purposes of this chapter:

(1) "Child" and "juvenile" means any individual under the age of eighteen years;

(2) "Dependent child" means any child:

(a) Who has been abandoned; that is, where the child's parent, guardian, or other custodian has evidenced either by statement or conduct, a settled intent to forego, for an extended period, all parental rights or all parental responsibilities despite an ability to do so;

(b) Who is abused or neglected as defined in chapter 26.44 RCW by a person legally responsible for the care of the child;

(c) Who has no parent, guardian, or custodian ((~~willing and~~)) capable of adequately caring for the child, such that the child is in circumstances which constitute a danger of substantial damage to the child's psychological or physical development; or

(d) Who is developmentally disabled, as defined in RCW 71.20.016 and whose parent, guardian, or legal custodian together with the department determines that services appropriate to the child's needs can not be provided in the home. However, (a), (b), and (c) of this subsection may still be applied if other reasons for removal of the child from the home exist.

Sec. 9. Section 34, chapter 291, Laws of 1977 ex. sess. as last amended by section 5, chapter 95, Laws of 1984 and by section 3, chapter 188, Laws of 1984 and RCW 13.34.060 are each reenacted and amended to read as follows:

(1) A child taken into custody pursuant to RCW 13.34.050 or 26.44.050 shall be immediately placed in shelter care. A child taken by a relative of the child in violation of RCW 9A.40.060 or 9A.40.070 shall be placed in shelter care only when permitted under RCW 13.34.055. "Shelter care" means temporary physical care in a facility licensed pursuant to RCW 74.15.030 or in a home not required to be licensed pursuant to that section. Whenever a child is taken into such custody pursuant to this section, the supervising agency may authorize evaluations of the child's physical or emotional condition, routine medical and dental examination and care, and all necessary emergency care. In no case may a child who is taken into custody pursuant to RCW 13.34.055, 13.34.050, or 26.44.050 be detained in a secure detention facility. No child may be held longer than seventy-two hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, after such child is taken into custody unless a court order has been entered for continued shelter care. The child and his or her parent, guardian, or custodian shall be informed that they have a right to a shelter care hearing. The court shall hold a shelter care hearing if one is requested.

(2) The juvenile court counselor assigned to the matter shall make all reasonable efforts to advise the parents, guardian, or legal custodian of the time and place of any shelter care hearing, request that they be present, and inform them of their basic rights as provided in RCW 13.34.090.

(3) At the commencement of the shelter care hearing the court shall advise the parties of their basic rights as provided in RCW 13.34.090 and shall appoint counsel pursuant to RCW 13.34.090 if counsel has not been retained by the parent or guardian and if the parent or guardian is indigent, unless the court finds that the right to counsel has been expressly and voluntarily waived.

(4) The court shall examine the need for shelter care. All parties have the right to present testimony to the court regarding the need or lack of need for shelter care.

(5) The juvenile court probation counselor shall submit a recommendation to the court as to the further need for shelter care, except that such recommendation shall be submitted by the department of social and health services in cases where the petition alleging dependency has been filed by the department of social and health services, unless otherwise ordered by the court.

(6) The court shall release a child alleged to be dependent to the care, custody, and control of the child's parent, guardian, or legal custodian unless the court finds there is reasonable cause to believe that:

(a) Reasonable efforts have been made to prevent or eliminate the need for removal of the child from the child's home and to make it possible for the child to return home; and

(b)(i) The child has no parent, guardian, or legal custodian to provide supervision and care for such child; or

(ii) The release of such child would present a serious threat of substantial harm to such child; or

((~~(c)~~)) (iii) The parent, guardian, or custodian to whom the child could be released is alleged to have violated RCW 9A.40.060 or 9A.40.070.

If the court does not release the child to his or her parent, guardian, or legal custodian, the court shall order continued shelter care or order placement with another suitable person, and the court shall set forth its reasons for the order.

(7) An order releasing the child on any conditions specified in this section may at any time be amended, with notice and hearing thereon, so as to return the child to shelter care for failure of the parties to conform to the conditions originally imposed.

(8) A shelter care order issued pursuant to this section may be amended at any time with notice and hearing thereon. The shelter care decision of placement shall be modified only upon a showing of change in circumstances. No child may be detained for longer than thirty days without an order, signed by the judge, authorizing continued shelter care.

Sec. 10. Section 40, chapter 291, Laws of 1977 ex. sess. as amended by section 45, chapter 155, Laws of 1979 and RCW 13.34.120 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) To aid the court in its decision on disposition, a social study, consisting of a written evaluation of matters relevant to the disposition of the case, shall be made by the person or agency filing the petition. The study shall include all social records and may also include facts relating to the child's cultural heritage, and shall be made available to the court. The court shall consider the social file and social study at the disposition hearing in addition to evidence produced at the fact-finding hearing.

Prior to the disposition hearing, the parents shall have the opportunity to propose a service plan to remedy identified problems. At least five days prior to the disposition hearing, the department shall offer the parents an opportunity to review and comment on the agency's social study and proposed service plan. If the parents disagree with the agency's plan or any part thereof, the parents shall submit, in writing or by oral testimony, an alternative plan to correct the problems which led to the finding of dependency.

(2) In addition to the requirements set forth in subsection (1) of this section, a predisposition study to the court in cases of dependency alleged pursuant to RCW 13.34.030(2) (b) or (c) shall contain the following information:

(a) A statement of the specific harm or harms to the child that intervention is designed to alleviate;

(b) A description of the specific programs, for both the parents and child, that are needed in order to prevent serious harm to the child; the reasons why such programs are likely to be useful; the availability of any proposed services; and the agency's overall plan for ensuring that the services will be delivered;

(c) If removal is recommended, a full description of the reasons why the child cannot be protected adequately in the home, including a description of any previous efforts to work with the parents and the child in the home; the in-home treatment programs which have been considered and rejected; and the parents' attitude toward placement of the child;

(d) A statement of the likely harms the child will suffer as a result of removal. This section should include an exploration of the nature of the parent-child attachment and the meaning of separation and loss to both the parents and the child;

(e) A description of the steps that will be taken to minimize harm to the child that may result if separation occurs; and

(f) Behavior that will be expected before determination that supervision of the family or placement is no longer necessary.

Sec. 11. Section 46, chapter 291, Laws of 1977 ex. sess. as amended by section 47, chapter 155, Laws of 1979 and RCW 13.34.180 are each amended to read as follows:

A petition seeking termination of a parent and child relationship may be filed in juvenile court. Such petition shall conform to the requirements of RCW 13.34.040 as now or hereafter amended and shall allege:

(1) That the child has been found to be a dependent child under RCW 13.34.030(2); and

(2) That the court has entered a dispositional order pursuant to RCW 13.34.130; and

(3) That the child has been removed or will, at the time of the hearing, have been removed from the custody of the parent for a period of at least six months pursuant to a finding of dependency under RCW 13.34.030(2); and

(4) That the services ordered under RCW 13.34.130 have been offered or provided and all necessary services, reasonably available, capable of correcting the parental deficiencies within the foreseeable future have been offered or provided; and

(5) That ((~~there is little likelihood that conditions will be remedied so that the child can be returned to the parent in the near future~~)) the child is unlikely to be returned to the parent within the next six months because of the unfitness of the parent or because the return of the child would place the child in circumstances which constitute a risk of substantial damage to the child's psychological or physical development; and

(6) That continuation of the parent and child relationship clearly diminishes the child's prospects for early integration into a stable and permanent home;

(7) In lieu of the allegations in subsections (3) through (6) of this section, the petition may allege that:

(a) The child, at the time of the abuse or neglect which led to the dependency action, was under two years of age;

(b) The abuse or neglect as defined in RCW 26.44.020 was sufficiently substantial to endanger the child's life or cause lasting impairment of bodily functions or powers, or seriously endanger the child's opportunity for normal physical, emotional, intellectual, or social development;

(c) The child has been removed from the custody of the parent pursuant to a finding of dependency under RCW 13.34.030(2);

(d) The parent of the child is incapable of providing adequate parental care for the child; and

(e) The parental deficiencies cannot be remedied by any reasonably available service program within the near future.

(8) In lieu of the allegations in subsections (3) through (6) of this section, the petition may allege that:

(a) The child, at the time of a dependency finding under RCW 13.34.030(2), was under two years of age;

(b) The parent of the child is incapable of providing adequate parental care for the child due to the parent's chronic psychological problems; and

(9) In lieu of the allegations in subsections (1) through (6) of this section, the petition may allege that the child was found under such circumstances that the identity and whereabouts of the child's parent are unknown and no ((~~parent~~)) person has ((~~claimed~~)) acknowledged parentage and requested custody of the child within two months after the child was found.

Sec. 12. Section 47, chapter 291, Laws of 1977 ex. sess. as amended by section 48, chapter 155, Laws of 1979 and RCW 13.34.190 are each amended to read as follows:

After hearings pursuant to RCW 13.34.110, the court may enter an order terminating all parental rights to a child if the court finds that:

(1) (a) The allegations contained in the petition as provided in RCW 13.34.180 (1) through (6) or as provided in RCW 13.34.180 (1), (2), and either (7) or (8) are established by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence; or (b) RCW 13.34.180(3) may be waived because the allegations under RCW 13.34.180 (1), (2), (4), (5), and (6) are established beyond a reasonable doubt; or (c) the allegation under RCW 13.34.180((~~(7)~~)) (9) is established beyond a reasonable doubt; and

(2) Such an order is in the best interests of the child.