WSR 97-04-084
PERMANENT RULES
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
[Filed February 5, 1997, 11:05 a.m.]
Date of Adoption: January 24, 1997.
Purpose: Revision of rules governing standards for approval of educator certification programs to insure that educators are prepared to work effectively in the education system created by the Improvement of Student Achievement Act of 1993.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 28A.305.130.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 97-01-100 on December 18, 1996.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's own Initiative: New 52, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, amended 0, repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 52, amended 0, repealed 0.
Effective Date of Rule: Thirty-one days after filing.
February 4, 1997
Larry Davis
Executive Director
APPROVAL STANDARDS FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED PREPARATION PROGRAMS FOR
TEACHERS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND EDUCATIONAL STAFF ASSOCIATES
NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-003 Authority. The authority for this chapter is RCW
28A.410.010 which authorizes the state board of education to establish,
publish, and enforce rules and regulations determining eligibility and
certification of personnel employed in the common schools of this state.
This authority is supplemented by RCW 28A.305.130 (1) and (2) which
authorizes the state board of education to approve educator preparation
programs in institutions of higher education.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-004 Intent. These rules establish a performance-based
preparation system for educators that supports the Improvement of Student
Achievement Act of 1993 (ESHB 1209) which will enable educators to
implement the Washington state student learning goals and essential
academic learning requirements.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-005 Purpose. In order to support the successful
implementation of Washington's ongoing public school reform and
improvement policies, the state board of education is establishing a
newly designed performance-based preparation system for educators that
will be aligned with these efforts. This chapter establishes the
procedures, standards, and criteria to be used in the development and
approval of preparation programs offered by institutions of higher
education in Washington state leading to teacher, administrator, and
educational staff associates certification.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-006 Mission. The mission of the performance-based
preparation system is to ensure that educators can demonstrate a positive
impact on student learning as the foundation for preparing students to
effectively participate in a diverse and democratic society.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-007 Minimum state standards. All state standards
prescribed in this chapter for the approval of professional preparation
programs are minimal standards for state approval. Where allowed
colleges or universities may and are encouraged to develop program
standards which exceed the minimums herein prescribed.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-010 Definition of terms. The following definitions shall be used in this chapter:
(1) "College or university" means any regionally accredited baccalaureate degree granting Washington institution of higher learning or cooperative group of such institutions which has or develops programs of preparation in education which are submitted to the state board of education for approval.
(2) "Endorsement" means a specification placed on a certificate to indicate the subject area, grade level, and/or specialization for which the individual is prepared to teach.
(3) "Interstate compact" means the contractual agreement among several states authorized by RCW 28A.690.010 and 28A.690.020 which facilitates interstate reciprocity.
(4) "Program approval" means the approval by the state board of education of an educator preparation program within Washington state.
(5) "Field experience" means a sequence of learning experiences which occur in actual school settings or clinical or laboratory settings. Such learning experiences are related to specific program outcomes and are designed to integrate educational theory, knowledge, and skills in actual practice under the direction of a qualified supervisor.
(6) "Regionally accredited institution of higher education" means a community college, college, or university which is fully accredited by one of the following regional accrediting bodies:
(a) Middle States, Association of Colleges and Schools;
(b) New England Association of Schools and Colleges;
(c) North Central Association of Colleges and Schools;
(d) Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges;
(e) Southern Association of Colleges and Schools;
(f) Western Association of Schools and Colleges: Accrediting Commission for Junior and Senior Colleges.
(7) "A performance-based approved educator preparation program" means a program that requires the candidate to demonstrate in multiple ways, over time, specific state board of education required standards, criteria, knowledge and skills, including, where appropriate, evidence related to positive impact on student learning.
(8) "A positive impact on student learning" means that a teacher
through instruction and assessment has been able to document students'
increased knowledge and/or demonstration of a skill or skills related to
the state goals and/or essential academic learning requirements.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-012 Organization of chapter 180-78A WAC. In order for users of this chapter to easily identify which sections apply to residency certificate programs and which sections apply to professional certificate programs, this chapter is organized as follows:
(1) WAC 180-78A-000 through 180-78A-099 are applicable to both residency and professional certificate programs;
(2) WAC 180-78A-100 through 180-78A-299 are applicable to residency certificate programs; and
(3) WAC 180-78A-300 through 180-78A-399 are applicable to
professional certificate programs.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-015 Professional education advisory committee. (1) The state board of education shall establish a professional education advisory committee to serve as the working committee of the board on matters pertaining to the preparation and certification of school personnel. The committee shall give advice and make recommendations to the board and the state superintendent about educator preparation and certification matters and participate in the review of preparation programs. The size of the committee shall be determined by the board but membership shall be comprised of regular members representing colleges and universities, specialized and general professional associations, school district administrators, school district boards of directors, nonpublic schools, the Washington state legislature, other business and lay organizations having interest in the preparation and certification of school personnel, and three members of the state board of education.
(2) The advisory committee shall have a four-member executive committee comprised of one member of the state board, one member representing higher education, one member representing certificated staff practitioners, and one member from among the other groups represented on the advisory committee. The chair of the advisory committee shall rotate at least every two years among the nonboard members of the executive committee.
(3) The executive committee shall have the authority to work with member groups, as necessary, to assure to the extent possible that the combined membership of the advisory committee reflects the racial, ethnic, geographic and gender diversity of the state.
(4) The advisory committee shall be responsible for adopting written
operating procedures.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-025 Program approval. All programs leading to
certification offered in Washington state to prepare teachers,
principals, program administrators, superintendents, school counselors,
school psychologists, and school social workers shall be approved
pursuant to the requirements of this chapter.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-026 Existing approved programs. Chapter 180-78A WAC
rules shall govern all policies related to programs upon adoption by the
state board of education, which shall provide assistance to colleges and
universities in the revision of their existing programs. All
professional education programs shall be reviewed for approval under the
1997 program approval standards by August 31, 2000. The state board of
education shall determine the schedule for such approval reviews and
whether an on-site visit or other forms of documentation and validation
shall be used for the purposes of granting approval under the 1997
program approval standards. In submitting a request for approval under
these standards, the approved program shall provide a description of the
criteria that the approved preparation program will use to assess, in
multiple ways, over time, its certification candidates' knowledge and
skills, including, where appropriate, evidence related to positive impact
on student learning. Based on the documentation submitted and/or an on-site visit, the state board of education shall grant approval or request
specific revisions that need to be made in order to obtain state board
of education approval. Institutions shall be given at least one year
notification prior to a state board of education review for compliance
with these standards: Provided, That if an institution requests a visit
with less than a year's notice, the state board of education shall
consider that request.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-028 Procedures for initial approval of an educator preparation program. Each college or university desiring to establish a preparation program shall comply with the following:
(1) Advise the state board of education of the desire to establish the preparation program.
(2) Establish, pursuant to WAC 180-78A-065, the appropriate professional education advisory board.
(3) Develop, with the assistance of the professional education advisory board and designated officials of the state board of education, a written plan which provides timelines for the implementation of all applicable program approval standards during the first year of the preparation program and submit such report to the designated official of the state board of education for review and comment and, if requested, resubmit such plan to the designated official.
(4) Describe the criteria that the approved preparation program will use to assess, in multiple ways, over time, its candidates knowledge and skills, including, where appropriate, evidence related to positive impact on student learning.
(5) Present the written plan to the state board of education which shall approve such written plan and grant initial approval status if the state board of education is satisfied that the college or university intends to meet all program approval standards in accordance with reasonable and practical timelines and that the college or university has made the needed commitments, specifically personnel and other resources, to implement the plan: Provided, That prior to making a judgment on the college or university's request for approval, the state board of education may review, if provided, written and oral evidence presented by the following:
(a) The designated college or university official.
(b) The superintendent of public instruction.
(c) The chair of the applicable professional education advisory board.
(d) Any other official deemed by the state board of education to have a legitimate interest in the approval status of the college or university.
(6) The newly approved preparation program shall be approved for up to a two-year period.
(7) During the second year of approval, the superintendent of public
instruction shall conduct a site visit to determine if the program is in
full compliance with the 1997 program approval standards.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-030 Length of time for which program approval status shall be granted. (1) The state board of education shall approve all preparation programs under the 1997 program approval standards for five years unless the state board of education approves a variation with the exception of new programs approved for up to two years under WAC 180-78A-028.
(2) The state board of education, upon receipt of a complaint from any source or upon its initiative, may review all or any part of a preparation program for compliance with the provisions of this chapter. If deviations are found, the state board of education is authorized to rescind program approval until the college or university submits an acceptable compliance agreement which will bring the preparation program into compliance as soon as reasonably practicable but no later than the commencement of the succeeding academic year or six calendar months, whichever is later.
(3) If an acceptable compliance agreement is not developed and
approved by the state board of education, the preparation program shall
be placed on probationary status and the probationary status provision
of WAC 180-78A-033 shall apply.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-033 Probationary status. Colleges and universities
with approved preparation programs shall not lose official approval
status until the state board of education has taken final action to
disapprove the preparation program: Provided, That colleges or
universities shall be permitted for the current and one additional
academic year following receipt of the formal notice of disapproval to
continue as an approved preparation program on probationary status for
the purpose of completing the preparation program for those candidates
for certification currently enrolled in the preparation program and who
are scheduled to complete such preparation program within such academic
years and for the purpose of regaining state board of education approval.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-037 Procedures for reestablishment of approval status
for an educator preparation program. The procedures for the
reestablishment of state board of education approval of a preparation
program shall be the same as the procedure for initial approval as
provided in WAC 180-78A-028 except that, if the preparation program
continues to operate pursuant to the probationary status provision of WAC
180-78A-033, the state board of education may limit the content of the
written plan required by WAC 180-78A-028(3) to program standards
determined by the state board of education to be the cause of the college
or university's probationary status.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-047 Annual reports by colleges and universities. Each college or university offering an approved preparation program shall submit annual reports covering the period from July 1 of the previous year to June 30 of the current year, containing the following:
(1) An executive summary of the activities of each professional education advisory board.
(2) Other material related to the preparation programs requested by
the state board of education.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-057 Approval of preparation program offered by an out-of-state college or university within the state applicable to
certification. No out-of-state college or university shall offer a
program of courses within Washington state for purposes of Washington
state certification without meeting all program approval requirements set
forth in this chapter and those set forth in the Degree Authorization
Act, chapter 28A.85 RCW.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-060 Preparation of superintendents. In accordance with
RCW 28B.10.140, the only public institutions authorized to prepare
superintendents shall be the University of Washington and Washington
State University.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-063 Responsibilities of deans, directors, or other designated administrators. Each college or university operating an approved preparation program shall require the dean, director, or other designee of the administrative unit required by WAC 180-78A-155(2) to coordinate the following college or university responsibilities:
(1) Formation of professional education advisory boards.
(2) Management of operations and resources for each preparation program.
(3) Filing of affidavits and reports required by this chapter and chapter 180-79A WAC.
(4) Dissemination of information relative to initial and continuing certification procedures and requirements.
(5) The application process for certification.
(6) Establishing and administering a process to counsel and assist
applicants in the processing of applications for certificates and
endorsements thereon: Provided, That colleges and universities need not
provide such assistance to applicants who have completed less than
fifteen quarter (ten semester) hours of course work at the respective
college or university.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-065 Required professional education advisory board. Colleges and universities seeking approval by the state board of education as an approved preparation program and in order to maintain such approval status shall establish a professional education advisory board in accordance with the following:
(1) The program areas for which a college or university may seek approval and maintain an approved preparation program are:
(a) Teacher.
(b) Administrator.
(c) Educational staff associate, school counselor.
(d) Educational staff associate, school psychologist.
(e) Educational staff associate, school social worker.
(2) A college or university may combine educational staff associate professional education advisory boards as long as one-half or more of the voting members are appointed by the associations representing the ESA roles involved and are divided equally among those roles.
(3) A college or university may have separate administrator professional education advisory boards for each administrator role as long as one-half or more of the voting members are appointed by the association representing the administrator role involved: Provided, That each administrator PEAB shall include at least one member appointed by AWSP and one appointed by WASA.
(4) The failure of a designated organization, as specified in WAC
180-78A-075 to make appointments to the designated board, or to make such
appointments in a timely manner, shall not cause the approved preparation
program to lose its approval status.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-068 Joint professional education advisory board. Any
two or more colleges and/or universities may agree to have the same
professional education advisory board for their respective preparation
program at such college or university.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-073 Qualification to be appointed to professional
education advisory boards. Except as otherwise provided in WAC 180-78A-074, appointees to service on professional education advisory boards from
required agencies, other than the designee(s) of the college or
university president, at the time of their appointment must be employed
in or reside in a school district with which the college or university
has a current written agreement to provide field experiences for students
involved in the preparation program for which the professional education
advisory board has responsibility. The purpose of this section is to
ensure that the interest of such districts are considered in the
deliberative process of the respective professional education advisory
board.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-074 Additional membership on professional education
advisory boards. Once established in accordance with the membership
requirements of this chapter, professional education advisory boards may
authorize the appointment of additional representatives from other school
districts or other public and private agencies as long as one-half or
more of the members of the professional education advisory board consist
of representatives who meet the qualifications of WAC 180-78A-073 and who
are from the role for which the professional education advisory board has
responsibility. If any professional education advisory board receives
a written request from other school districts or other public or private
agencies for representation on such professional education advisory
board, the current members of such professional education advisory board
shall vote on such request at the next regular meeting of such board:
Provided, That a college or university may elect to add private school
representatives to a professional education advisory board without adding
to the representation from the role for which the professional education
advisory board has responsibility if the professional education advisory
board authorizes such action by a majority vote.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-075 Professional education advisory boards--Membership. The professional education advisory boards shall at a minimum consist of the following:
(1) Teacher.
(a) One-half or more of the voting members shall be classroom teachers appointed by the president of the Washington Education Association: Provided, That a college or university that has placed more than fifty percent of its graduates of the teacher certification program within the previous three academic years in private schools may appoint up to one-half of the practitioners required by this subsection from nominations from faculties of private schools in which the college or university places student teachers or teachers.
(b) At least one principal appointed by the president of the Association of Washington School Principals.
(c) At least one school administrator appointed by the Washington Association of School Administrators.
(d) At least one college or university representative who may serve in a voting or nonvoting role.
(2) Administrator.
(a) At least one-fourth of the voting members shall be administrators appointed by the president of the Association of Washington School Principals, and at least one-fourth of the voting members shall be administrators appointed by the president of the Washington Association of School Administrators.
(b) At least one or more classroom teachers appointed by the president of the Washington Education Association.
(c) At least one college or university representative who may serve in a voting or nonvoting role.
(3) School counselor.
(a) At least one-half of the voting members shall be school counselors appointed by the president of the Washington School Counselors Association.
(b) At least one teacher appointed by the president of the Washington Education Association.
(c) At least one principal appointed by the Association of Washington School Principals.
(d) At least one administrator appointed by the Washington Association of School Administrators.
(e) At least one college or university representative who may serve in a voting or nonvoting role.
(4) School psychologist.
(a) At least one-half of the voting members shall be school psychologists appointed by the president of the Washington State Association of School Psychologists.
(b) At least one teacher appointed by the president of the Washington Education Association.
(c) At least one principal appointed by the Association of Washington School Principals.
(d) At least one administrator appointed by the Washington Association of School Administrators.
(e) At least one college or university representative who may serve in a voting or nonvoting role.
(5) School social worker.
(a) At least one-half of the voting members shall be school social workers appointed by the president of the Washington Association of School Social Workers.
(b) At least one teacher appointed by the president of the Washington Education Association.
(c) At least one principal appointed by the Association of Washington School Principals.
(d) At least one administrator appointed by the Washington Association of School Administrators.
(e) At least one college or university representative who may serve
in a voting or nonvoting role.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-080 Substitute pay for members of professional
education advisory boards. Service on professional education advisory
boards by certificated employees is deemed by the state board of
education as a committee formed for the purpose of furthering education
within the state; and, the superintendent of public instruction, in
conformance with the provisions of RCW 28A.300.035, shall make payments
to school districts for needed substitutes.
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STANDARDS FOR APPROVING RESIDENCY CERTIFICATE PROGRAMS
NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-135 Candidate admission policies. Admission requirements to residency preparation programs shall include, but not be limited to, evidence that the candidate is competent in the basic skills required for oral and written communication, reading, and computation, demonstrated by one of the following options:
(1) Successful completion of an examination in the basic skills required for oral and written communication, reading, and computation; or
(2) Completion of a baccalaureate degree program; or
(3) Completion of a graduate degree program; or
(4) Completion of two or more years of college level course work and demonstrated basic skills competency through college level work and a written essay; or
(5) A combined score of more than the state-wide median score for
the prior school year scored by all persons taking the Scholastic
Assessment Test I: Reasoning Test or the American College Test (ACT).
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-140 Program approval standards for approved preparation programs. The program approval standards for approved preparation programs for teachers, administrators, and educational staff associates are as follows:
(1) Professional education advisory boards: The college or university, in conformance with the provisions of WAC 180-78A-145, has established and maintained a professional education advisory board to participate in and cooperate with the college or university on decisions related to the development, implementation, and revision of each preparation program--i.e., teacher, administrator, school counselor, school psychologist, and school social workers.
(2) Accountability: Each college or university, in conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-150, has established a performance-based preparation program.
(3) Resources: A separate college, school, department, or other administrative unit within the college or university, in conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-155, is responsible for providing the resources needed to develop and maintain quality preparation programs.
(4) Program design: Each college or university, in conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-160, is responsible for establishing a collaboratively developed approved preparation program that is based on a conceptual framework, current research and best practice that reflects the state's learning goals and essential academic learning requirements.
(5) Knowledge and skills: Each college or university, in
conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-165, has established
policies requiring all candidates for certification to demonstrate
knowledge and skills required for the particular certificate and areas
of endorsement.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-142 Acceptance of alternative standards. For a given
program, the state board of education may allow the substitution of the
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education Program's
(CACREP) or the National Association of School Psychologist's (NASP)
standards for program approval standards (WAC 180-78A-140 (2) through
(5)) for school counselor and school psychologist program approval. The
state board of education may allow the substitution of the National
Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) teacher education
standards for program approval with any additions deemed necessary by the
state board of education.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-145 Approval standard--Professional education advisory board. Building on the mission to prepare educators who demonstrate a positive impact on student learning, the following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each preparation program is in compliance with the program approval standards of WAC 180-78A-140(1):
(1) The professional education advisory board has been established in accordance with WAC 180-78A-075.
(2) The professional education advisory board has adopted operating procedures and has met at least four times a year.
(3) The professional education advisory board has reviewed all program approval standards at least once every five years.
(4) The professional education advisory board has reviewed annually follow-up studies and placement records.
(5) The professional education advisory board has made recommendations when appropriate for program changes to the institution which must in turn consider and respond to the recommendations in writing in a timely fashion.
(6) The professional education advisory board has seen, reviewed and
approved annually an executive summary of the activities of the
professional education advisory board for the period from July 1 through
June 30 of the reporting year. The college or university has submitted
the approved executive summary to the state board of education.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-150 Approval standard--Accountability. Building on the mission to prepare educators who demonstrate a positive impact on student learning, the following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each preparation program is in compliance with the program approval standards of WAC 180-78A-140(2). Each college and university shall:
(1) Submit for initial approval to the state board of education a performance-based program for the preparation of teachers, administrators, and educational staff associates.
(2) Conduct follow-up studies of graduates, maintain placement records for all graduates and prepare annual placement and follow-up summaries.
(3) Submit annually the following to the state board of education for each approved program:
(a) The number of students enrolled in certificate programs during fall of the previous year;
(b) The number of students completing approved programs during the period from July 1 of the previous year to June 30 of the reporting year;
(c) Demographic characteristics, including gender, ethnicity, and citizenship of students completing approved programs during the period from July 1 of the previous year to June 30 of the reporting year;
(d) The number of full-time and part-time faculty and graduate teaching assistants teaching in approved programs during each term from summer through spring of the reporting year;
(e) Demographic characteristics of faculty teaching in approved programs including ethnicity and gender; and
(f) A brief narrative description of changes that occurred in certificate programs during the reporting year.
(4) Submit its program for review when requested by the state board of education to ensure that the program meets the state's program approval standards and to provide assessment data relative to the performance standards to the state board of education for the year prior to the site visit.
Provided, Institutions seeking National Council for the
Accreditation of Teacher Education, Council for Accreditation of
Counseling and Related Education Programs, and National Association of
School Psychologist accreditation may request from the state board of
education approval for concurrent site visits which would utilize the
same documentation with the exception of material submitted by the
institution to the state for the professional education advisory boards
and the accountability standards.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-155 Approval standard--Resources. Building on the mission to prepare educators who demonstrate a positive impact on student learning, the following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each preparation program is in compliance with the resources program approval standard of WAC 180-78A-140(3):
(1) A separate administrative unit supports the preparation program whose composition and organization are clearly described in writing.
(2) An officially designated administrator is responsible for the management of operations and resources for the preparation program.
(3) Administrators and faculty in the preparation program have appropriate qualifications (including masters' or doctoral degrees) and have experience for the roles to which they are assigned.
(4) The institution has and implements an explicit plan with adequate resources to ensure hiring and retaining of a diverse faculty.
(5) Specific staff and/or faculty members in the unit are assigned the responsibility of advising applicants for certification and endorsements and for maintaining certification records.
(6) Financial resources are provided to support the preparation program.
(7) Facilities are provided to support the needs of the preparation program.
(8) Library, technology, and other informational resources must be
sufficient in scope, breadth, and recency to support the preparation
program.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-160 Approval standard--Program design. Building on the mission to prepare educators who demonstrate a positive impact on student learning, the following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each preparation program is in compliance with the program design standard of WAC 180-78A-140(4):
(1) The curriculum is guided by a conceptual framework and is based on current research and best practice, is cohesive and integrated, is performance-based, and supports the state's student learning goals and for teacher preparation programs reflects the essential academic learning requirements.
(2) Candidates who demonstrate potential for acquiring the content and pedagogical knowledge and skills for success as educators in schools are recruited, admitted, and retained (see WAC 180-78A-135 Candidate admission policies). These candidates include members from underrepresented groups.
(3) Candidates attain/demonstrate academic competence in the educator role for which they are being prepared.
(4) A set of criteria/performances for program completion are established and published.
(5) Field experiences are integrated throughout the preparation program and include experience with diverse populations in a variety of settings.
(6) Candidates complete an internship in which they demonstrate the required knowledge and skills: Provided, That candidates for an administrator certificate shall complete an internship pursuant to WAC 180-78A-265, and candidates for a school counselor certificate shall complete an internship pursuant to WAC 180-78A-260.
(7) Programs reflect ongoing collaboration with P-12 schools.
(8) Candidates for a teacher certificate shall hold/obtain a
baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited college or university
in any of the subject areas of the endorsement listed in WAC 180-79A-302.
Such degrees shall require the completion of at least forty-five quarter
hours (thirty semester hours) of course work in the subject area:
Provided, That a candidate who holds a baccalaureate degree in another
academic field will not be required to obtain a second baccalaureate
degree if the candidate provides evidence to the superintendent of public
instruction that he or she has completed the required forty-five quarter
or thirty semester hours of course work in one of the subject areas of
the endorsements listed in WAC 180-79A-302.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-165 Approval standard--Knowledge and skills. Building on the mission to prepare educators who demonstrate a positive impact on student learning based on the Improvement of Student Achievement Act of 1993 (1209), the following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each preparation program is in compliance with the program approval standards of WAC 180-78A-140(5):
(1) Teacher candidates will complete a well-planned sequence of courses and/or experiences in which they acquire and apply knowledge about:
(a) The state goals and essential academic learning requirements.
(b) The subject matter content for the area(s) they teach, including the essential areas of study for each endorsement area for which the candidate is applying (chapter 180-79A WAC).
(c) The social, historical, and philosophical foundations of education, including an understanding of the moral, social, and political dimensions of classrooms, teaching, and schools.
(d) The impact of technological and societal changes on schools.
(e) Theories of human development and learning.
(f) Inquiry and research.
(g) School law and educational policy.
(h) Professional ethics.
(i) The responsibilities, structure, and activities of the profession.
(j) Research and experience-based principles of effective practice for encouraging the intellectual, social, and personal development of students.
(k) Different student approaches to learning for creating instructional opportunities adapted to learners from diverse cultural backgrounds and with exceptionalities.
(l) Instructional strategies for developing critical thinking problem solving, and performance skills.
(m) Classroom management and discipline, including:
(i) Individual and group motivation for encouraging positive social interaction, active engagement in learning, and self-motivation.
(ii) Effective verbal, nonverbal, and media communication for fostering active inquiry, collaboration, and supportive interactions in the classroom.
(n) Planning and management of instruction based on knowledge of the content area, the community, and curriculum goals.
(o) Formal and informal assessment strategies for evaluating and ensuring the continuous intellectual, social, and physical development of the learner.
(p) Collaboration with school colleagues, parents, and agencies in the larger community for supporting students' learning and well-being.
(q) Effective interactions with parents to support students' learning and well-being.
(r) The opportunity for candidates to reflect on their teaching and its effects on student growth and learning.
(s) Educational technology including the use of computer and other technologies in instruction, assessment and professional productivity.
(t) Issues related to abuse including the identification of physical, emotional, sexual, and substance abuse, information on the impact of abuse on the behavior and learning abilities of students, discussion of the responsibilities of a teacher to report abuse or provide assistance to students who are the victims of abuse, and methods for teaching students about abuse of all types and their prevention.
(u) Strategies for effective participation in group decision making.
(v) The standards, criteria and other requirements for obtaining the professional certificate.
(2) Effective August 31, 1997, principal and program administrator candidates will complete a well-planned sequence of courses and/or experiences in an approved preparation program which shall include:
(a) Specific performance domains. An approved preparation program shall require the candidate to demonstrate in course work and the internship the following:
(i) Leadership: Formulating goals with individuals or groups; initiating and maintaining direction with groups and guiding them to the accomplishment of tasks; setting priorities for one's school in the context of community and district priorities and student and staff needs; integrating own and others' ideas for task accomplishment; initiating and planning organizational change.
(ii) Information collection: Gathering data, facts, and impressions from a variety of sources about students, parents, staff members, administrators, and community members; seeking knowledge about policies, rules, laws, precedents, or practices; managing the data flow; classifying and organizing information for use in decision making and monitoring.
(iii) Problem analysis: Identifying the important elements of a problem situation by analyzing relevant information; framing problems; identifying possible causes; identifying additional needed information; framing and reframing possible solutions; exhibiting conceptual flexibility; assisting others to form reasoned opinions about problems and issues.
(iv) Judgment: Reaching logical conclusions and making high quality, timely decisions given the best available information.
(v) Organizational oversight: Planning and scheduling one's own and others' work so that resources are used appropriately, and short-term and long-term priorities and goals are met; monitoring projects to meet deadlines.
(vi) Implementation: Making things happen; putting programs and plans into action; applying management technologies; applying methods of organizational change including collaborative processes; facilitating tasks; establishing progress checkpoints; considering alternative approaches; providing "mid-course" corrections when actual outcomes start to diverge from intended outcomes; adapting to new conditions.
(vii) Delegation: Assigning projects or tasks together with clear authority to accomplish them and responsibility for their timely and acceptable completion.
(viii) Instructional program: Envisioning and enabling instructional and auxiliary programs for the improvement of teaching and learning; recognizing the developmental needs of students; insuring appropriate instructional methods; designing positive learning experiences; accommodating differences in cognition and achievement; mobilizing the participation of appropriate people or groups to develop these programs and to establish a positive learning environment.
(ix) Curriculum design: Interpreting school district curricula; planning and implementing with staff a framework for instruction; initiating needs analyses and monitoring social and technological developments as they affect curriculum; responding to international content levels; adjusting content as needs and conditions change.
(x) Student guidance and development: Providing for student guidance, counseling, and auxiliary services; utilizing community organizations; responding to family needs; enlisting the participation of appropriate people and groups to design and conduct these programs and to connect schooling with plans for adult life; planning for a comprehensive program of student activities.
(xi) Staff development: Identifying with participants the professional needs of individuals and groups; planning and organizing programs to improve staff effectiveness; supervising individuals and groups; engaging staff and others to plan and participate in recruitment and development; initiating self-development.
(xii) Measurement and evaluation: Determining what diagnostic information is needed about students, staff, and the school environment; examining the extent to which outcomes meet or exceed previously defined standards, goals, or priorities for individuals or groups; drawing inferences for program revisions; interpreting measurements or evaluations for others; relating programs to desired outcomes; developing equivalent measures of competence.
(xiii) Resource allocation: Planning and developing the budget with appropriate staff; seeking, allocating, and adjusting fiscal, human, and material resources; utilizing the physical plant; monitoring resource use and reporting results.
(xiv) Motivating others: Building commitment to a course of action; creating and channeling the energy of self and others; planning and encouraging participation; supporting innovation; recognizing and rewarding effective performance; providing coaching, guidance, or correction for performance that needs improvement; serving as a role model.
(xv) Sensitivity: Perceiving the needs and concerns of others; dealing with others tactfully; working with others in emotionally stressful situations or in conflict; managing conflict; obtaining feedback; recognizing multicultural sensibilities.
(xvi) Oral expression: Making oral presentations that are clear and easy to understand; clarifying and restating questions; responding, reviewing, and summarizing for groups; utilizing appropriate communicative aids; adapting for audiences.
(xvii) Written expression: Expressing ideas clearly in writing; writing appropriately for different audiences such as students, teachers, and parents; preparing brief memoranda.
(xviii) Philosophical and cultural values: Acting with a reasoned understanding of the role of education in a democratic society and in accord with accepted ethical standards; recognizing philosophical and historical influences in education; reflecting an understanding of American culture, including current social and economic issues related to education; recognizing global influences on students and society.
(xix) Legal and regulatory applications: Acting in accordance with relevant federal and Washington state laws, rules, and policies; recognizing governmental influences on education; working within local rules, procedures, and directives; administering contracts.
(xx) Policy and political influences: Identifying relationships between public policy and education; recognizing policy issues; examining and affecting policies individually and through professional and public groups; relating policy initiatives to the welfare of students; addressing ethical issues.
(xxi) Public and media relationships: Developing common perceptions about school issues; interacting with parental and community opinion leaders; understanding and responding skillfully to the electronic and printed news media; initiating and reporting news through appropriate channels; enlisting public participation; recognizing and providing for market segments.
(b) Performance assessment. An approved preparation program for principals shall require that prior to the internship each candidate shall engage in a performance assessment through a process determined by each preparation program. The results of this assessment shall be utilized by the college/university supervisor, the cooperating principal, and the principal candidate to cooperatively design the internship plan.
(3) Superintendent candidates will complete a well-planned sequence of courses and/or experiences in an approved preparation program for superintendents which shall include specific performance domains for superintendents. An approved preparation program for superintendents shall require the candidate to demonstrate in course work and the internship the following:
(a) Strategic leadership: The knowledge, skills and attributes to identify contexts, develop with others vision and purpose, utilize information, frame problems, exercise leadership processes to achieve common goals, and act ethically for educational communities. This includes:
(i) Professional and ethical leadership.
(ii) Information management and evaluation.
(b) Instructional leadership: The knowledge, skills and attributes to design with others appropriate curricula and instructional programs, to develop learner centered school cultures, to assess outcomes, to provide student personnel services, and to plan with faculty professional development activities aimed at improving instruction. This includes:
(i) Curriculum, instruction, supervision, and learning environment.
(ii) Professional development and human resources.
(iii) Student personnel services.
(c) Organizational leadership: The knowledge, skills and attributes to understand and improve the organization, implement operational plans, manage financial resources, and apply decentralized management processes and procedures. This includes:
(i) Organizational management.
(ii) Interpersonal relationships.
(iii) Financial management and resource allocation.
(iv) Technology and information system.
(d) Political and community leadership: The knowledge, skills and attributes to act in accordance with legal provisions and statutory requirements, to apply regulatory standards, to develop and apply appropriate policies, to be conscious of ethical implications of policy initiatives and political actions, to relate public policy initiatives to student welfare, to understand schools as political systems, to involve citizens and service agencies, and to develop effective staff communications and public relations programs. This includes:
(i) Community and media relations.
(ii) Federal and Washington state educational law, public policy and political systems.
(4) School counselor candidates will complete a well-planned sequence of courses and/or experiences in which they acquire and apply knowledge about:
(a) Human growth and development (studies that provide an understanding of the nature and needs of individuals at all developmental levels).
(b) Social and cultural foundations (studies that provide an understanding of issues and trends in a multicultural and diverse society).
(c) Helping relationships (studies that provide an understanding of counseling and consultation processes).
(d) Group work (studies that provide an understanding of group development, dynamics, counseling theories, group counseling methods and skills, and other group work approaches).
(e) Career and lifestyle development (studies that provide an understanding of career development and related life factors).
(f) Appraisal (studies that provide an understanding of individual and group approaches to assessment and evaluation).
(g) Research and program evaluation (studies that provide an understanding of types of research methods, basic statistics, and ethical and legal considerations in research).
(h) Professional orientation (studies that provide an understanding of all aspects of professional functioning including history, roles, organizational structures, ethics, standards, and credentialing).
(i) Foundations of school counseling including:
(i) History, philosophy, and trends in school counseling;
(ii) Role and function of the school counselor in conjunction with the roles of the professional and support personnel in the school;
(iii) Knowledge of the school setting and curriculum;
(iv) Ethical standards and guidelines of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA);
(v) State and federal policies, laws, and legislation relevant to school counseling; and
(vi) Implications of sociocultural, demographic, and lifestyle diversity relevant to school counseling.
(j) Studies that provide an understanding of the coordination of counseling program components as they relate to the total school community including:
(i) Referral of children and adolescents for specialized help;
(ii) Coordination efforts with resource persons, specialists, businesses, and agencies outside the school to promote program objectives;
(iii) Methods of integration of guidance curriculum in the total school curriculum;
(iv) Promotion of the use of counseling and guidance activities and programs by the total school community to enhance a positive school climate; and
(v) Methods of planning and presenting guidance-related educational programs for school personnel and parents.
(k) Theory, knowledge and skills for the practice of school counseling including:
(i) Program development, implementation and evaluation. Studies in this area include:
(A) Use of surveys, interviews, and needs assessments;
(B) Design, implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive, developmental school program;
(C) Implementation and evaluation of specific strategies designed to meet program goals and objectives;
(D) Preparation of a counseling schedule reflecting appropriate time commitments and priorities in a developmental school counseling program; and
(E) Use of appropriate technology and information systems.
(ii) Counseling and guidance. Studies in this area include:
(A) Individual and group counseling and guidance approaches appropriate for the developmental stage and needs of children and adolescents;
(B) Group guidance approaches that are systematically designed to assist children and adolescents with developmental tasks;
(C) Approaches to peer helper programs;
(D) Issues which may affect the development and function of children and adolescents (e.g., abuse, eating disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, exceptionality, substance abuse, violence, suicide, dropout);
(E) Developmental approaches to assist students and parents at points of educational transition (e.g., postsecondary education, vocational, and career options);
(F) Crisis intervention and referral; and
(G) System dynamics, including family, school, community, etc.
(iii) Consultation. Studies in this area shall include:
(A) Methods of enhancing teamwork within the school community; and
(B) Methods of involving parents, teachers, administrators, support staff and community agency personnel.
(5) School psychologist candidates will complete a well-planned sequence of courses and/or experiences in which they acquire and apply knowledge about:
(a) Knowledge of the field. The candidate has knowledge and skill in relevant fields of study, including:
(i) Learning theory.
(ii) Personality theory and development.
(iii) Individual and group testing and assessment.
(iv) Individual and group counseling and interviewing theory and techniques.
(v) Basic statistics.
(vi) Child development.
(vii) Exceptional children.
(viii) Social and cultural factors.
(ix) Deviant personality.
(x) Curriculum.
(xi) Research design.
(xii) Physiological and biological factors.
(b) Assessment and diagnosis. The candidate has knowledge and skill necessary to select, administer, score, and interpret instruments and techniques in the following areas:
(i) Intellectual and cognitive assessment.
(ii) Individual and group academic skills.
(iii) Personality assessment.
(iv) Assessment of perceptual skills.
(v) Assessment of adaptive behavior; assessment of language skills.
(c) Behavioral observation and analysis. The candidate has knowledge and skill in behavior observation, including:
(i) Data taking.
(ii) Frequency measures.
(iii) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of classroom behavior.
(iv) Developmental and personality analysis, including perceptual, cognitive, social, and affective and language development in children.
(d) Counseling and interviewing. The candidate has the knowledge and skill necessary to:
(i) Provide individual and group counseling to students and parents.
(ii) Conduct interviews essential to information collecting from parents, teachers, and other professionals.
(e) Program development. The candidate has the knowledge and skill to make educational prescriptions, including specification of remedial environmental changes, both curricular and behavioral, for a particular student.
(f) Consultation. The candidate has the knowledge and skill to:
(i) Function on multidisciplinary teams in evaluating and placing students.
(ii) Confer with and make recommendations to parents, specialists, teachers, referral personnel, and others relative to student's characteristics and needs in the educational and home environments.
(g) Program evaluation and recordkeeping. The candidate has the knowledge and skill necessary to develop and implement program evaluation and maintain required records.
(h) Professionalism. The candidate has knowledge of professional standards regarding ethical and legal practices relevant to the practice of school psychology. The candidate demonstrates knowledge and skill in written and oral reporting of assessment and remedial recommendations which will meet ethical and legal standards.
(i) Research. The candidate has knowledge and skill to:
(i) Evaluate and perform research.
(ii) Apply school-oriented research.
(iii) Construct criterion-referenced instruments with reference to such educational decisions as:
(A) Retention in grade.
(B) Acceleration and early entrance.
(C) Early entrance.
(6) School social worker candidates will complete a well-planned sequence of courses and/or experiences in which they acquire and apply knowledge about:
(a) Knowledge for social work practice. The candidate has knowledge and skills in relevant fields of study including:
(i) Values.
(A) Knowledge of profession including values, skills, and ethics; and
(B) National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics and school social work guidelines for practice.
(ii) Human behavior and the social environment.
(A) Community theory and community change (e.g., community organization and development, social planning, networking, and case management);
(B) Systems and organizational theory (e.g., school as a bureaucracy);
(C) Social disorganization (e.g., poverty, family and community violence, unemployment, addictions, multiple losses), and context of family in a changing society;
(D) Family dynamics and theories of family therapy;
(E) Human/child growth and development;
(F) Diverse populations of: Race, culture, social class, life style, age, gender and the disabled;
(G) Theories of personality; and
(H) Use of computer technology for social work practice.
(b) Service delivery and program development. The candidate will have knowledge and skills in the following activities:
(i) Direct practice.
(A) Referring, developing, and coordinating resources and services in the local education agency and community;
(B) Knowledge and skills related to families;
(C) Case management;
(D) Working with vulnerable and "hard to reach" individuals and families, including those from diverse populations;
(E) Crisis intervention, conflict resolution, stress management and decision-making skills;
(F) Individual and group counseling to improve students' self-knowledge and interactional skills for personal empowerment;
(G) Interviewing and counseling students in relation to social-personal problems adjudged to be impairing student's ability to learn;
(H) Family interventions including parent education; referral to resources; family counseling;
(I) Teaching children communication and interpersonal relationship skills through individual/group/classroom interventions;
(J) Collaborating and consulting with parents and community to assure readiness to learn for all students;
(K) Multidimensional assessment of student's social-emotional adjustment, adaptive behaviors, individual strengths, and environmental assets;
(L) Intervention case planning processes; and
(M) Career and academic guidance to students in their school to work transitions.
(ii) Indirect practice.
(A) Liaison and facilitator between and among home, school and community;
(B) Collaborate and consult with other educational staff to assure student progress;
(C) Use computer technology for practice and efficiency;
(D) Develop strategies for increased parental and community involvement with the school;
(E) Develop programs of remediation for students and their families;
(F) Design, coordinate and facilitate programs such as suicide prevention, truancy and drop-out prevention, and prevention of teenage pregnancy;
(G) Provide staff development programs;
(H) Work collaboratively with educational staff to develop programs to address school-community identified needs; and
(I) Function as change agents.
(c) Research and evaluation. The candidate will have necessary skills and knowledge to:
(i) Collect and interpret data in order to evaluate student, school, and community needs;
(ii) Evaluate own practice;
(iii) Become consumer of research findings;
(iv) Understand use of program evaluation methods; and
(v) Utilize computer technology for research and evaluation.
(d) Context for educational system. The candidate will have necessary knowledge and skills to apply the following practice:
(i) Theories of learning;
(ii) School law and professional ethics;
(iii) Computer technology in the workplace; and
(iv) Understanding of policies, laws, and procedures.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-195 Course work/internship waiver. The college or
university may waive required course work and/or waive or reduce in
length the required internship for any candidate, based on an individual
review if the college or university determines that previous course work,
work experiences, or alternative learning experiences have or will
provide the candidate knowledge and skills to be otherwise gained from
the required course work or internship.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-197 Special consideration for certain former para-educators. An approved teacher preparation program may determine that
a candidate who has work experience as a noncertificated para-educator
may substitute his or her work experience for some teacher preparation
program requirements if the candidate presents evidence that he or she
has served as a para-educator within the previous seven years and that
at least fifty percent of the candidate's work as a para-educator was
involved in instructional activities with children under the supervision
of a certificated teacher and that the candidate worked a minimum of six
hundred thirty hours in any one school year.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-201 Program approval--Teachers, collaboration with K-12
schools. An approved preparation program annually shall develop and
implement a plan to enhance the level of collaboration and interaction
between the program's faculty and K-12 schools in the state. The plan
shall require, to the maximum extent feasible, that each member of the
full-time teacher preparation faculty annually provide instruction to
students in the K-12 classroom in a public or approved private school
setting in the state of Washington, during the regular school year. The
instruction that will be provided must be in accordance with RCW
28A.405.010 and applicable state board of education rules.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-260 Program approval requirement--Field experience for
school counselors. Approved school counselor preparation programs shall
require all students to complete a supervised internship in the schools
that includes a minimum of four hundred hours of on the job professional
service and one hour per week of individual supervision provided by the
site supervisor. Site supervisors must be fully certificated school
personnel and have a minimum of three years of professional experience
in the role of school counselor. Faculty supervision including on-site
visits will be provided on an ongoing basis. Prior to the internship,
the student will complete a faculty supervised practicum (a distinctly
defined clinical experience intended to enable the student to develop
basic counseling skills and integrate professional knowledge).
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-265 Program approval requirement--Field experience for
all administrators. An approved preparation program for administrators
and, prior to August 31, 1997, for principals, shall require an
internship of at least three hundred sixty hours: Provided, That
effective August 31, 1997, an approved preparation program for principals
shall require an internship which requires practice as an intern during
a full school year. A "full school year" shall mean seven hundred twenty
hours of which at least one-half shall be during school hours, when
students and/or staff are present and include the principal performance
domains as stated in WAC 180-78A-165: Provided further, That for a
candidate seeking the P-12 principal certificate, the internship shall
include P-12 administrative experience. The internship shall take place
in an education setting serving under the general supervision of a
certificated practitioner who is performing in the role for which the
endorsement is sought. Components of the required internship shall
include demonstration by the candidate that he or she has the
appropriate, specific skills pursuant to WAC 180-78A-165.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-266 Internship standards--State-funded administrator interns. (1) Principal, superintendent, and program administrator interns participating in the state-funded administrator internship program shall meet the following standards:
(a) Enrollment in a principal, superintendent or program administrator preparation program approved by the state board of education, pursuant to WAC 180-78A-028.
(b) Completion of all administrator field experience, knowledge and skill certification requirements, pursuant to chapters 180-78A and 180-79A WAC.
(c) Completion of up to forty-five internship days for school employees selected for a principal, superintendent or program administrator certification internship when K-12 students and/or staff are present; provided the internship shall meet the following criteria:
(i) The intern, mentor administrator and college/university intern supervisor shall cooperatively plan the internship, provided that the school district is encouraged to include teachers and other individuals in the internship planning process.
(ii) Principal and program administrator interns shall demonstrate competency in the performance domains identified as needing development by the mentor administrator, college/university supervisor, and the intern, pursuant to WAC 180-78A-165(2). Superintendent interns shall demonstrate competency in the standards identified as needing development by the mentor administrator, college/university supervisor, and the intern, pursuant to WAC 180-78A-165(3).
(iii) The activities to be undertaken to implement the internship shall be outlined in writing.
(d) The intern, college/university supervisor and mentor administrator shall determine whether the intern days and the selected performance domains or competencies were demonstrated.
(2) Participating colleges/universities, and school districts may establish additional internship standards and shall report such standards to the state board of education.
(3) Each college/university shall submit a summary report of the
internships to the state board of education.
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STANDARDS FOR APPROVING PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATE PROGRAMS
NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-300 Professional certificate program approval. All
professional certificate programs for teachers shall be approved pursuant
to the requirements in WAC 180-78A-320 through 180-78A-365.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-301 Overview--Professional certificate program. Teachers who complete approved programs after August 31, 2000, shall be issued residency certificates that shall be valid for five years. To obtain a professional certificate, the residency teacher will need to have completed provisional status with a school district under RCW 28A.405.220 or the equivalent with an approved private school and will need to have completed a state board of education approved professional certificate program collaboratively developed by a college/university and the professional educational advisory board (PEAB).
The professional certificate requires successful demonstration of three standards (effective teaching, professional development, and leadership) and 18 criteria, pursuant to WAC 180-78A-365, related to these standards. Wherever appropriate, the residency teacher will need to provide evidence that his/her teaching has had a positive impact on student learning.
During the implementation phase of the program, the employing approved private school or school district (or an educational service district, if the employing approved private school or school district so delegates) and an individual selected by the candidate from one of the other authorized agencies (i.e., local school district professional association, state-wide professional association, specialty area professional association, or educational service district) shall collaborate along with the college or university and the candidate in the development of an individualized professional growth plan.
The individualized professional growth plan will be based on an analysis of the student/learning context in that teacher's assignment and a preassessment of that teacher's ability to demonstrate the standards and criteria.
The individualized professional growth plan shall include instruction and assistance components for each residency teacher. The instruction and assistance components will be designed to give the residency teacher the necessary knowledge and skills needed to demonstrate successfully the standards and criteria.
The final component of the program will be an assessment seminar in which the residency teacher's ability to demonstrate the standards and criteria will be evaluated. These assessments shall include multiple forms of data collected over time, including evidence of positive impact on student learning, where appropriate.
As part of the program development, the college/university and the PEAB shall establish criteria and procedures for determining when the residency teacher has successfully completed the program. When the approved program has verified to the superintendent of public instruction that the candidate has completed the approved program, the state will issue the residency teacher a professional certificate.
Between 1997 and 2000, the state board of education shall approve
a number of field tests of the professional certificate programs pursuant
to WAC 180-78A-302 through 180-78A-306.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-302 Field tests--Professional certificate approved programs. WAC 180-78A-300 through 180-78A-399 contain the rules and regulations for establishing a state board of education professional certificate approved program. These rules and regulations will become mandatory for teachers with residency certificates issued after August 31, 2000. The state board of education, or its designee, will establish procedures for approving a number of field tests which may lead to revisions in these rules and regulations prior to August 31, 2000.
The purpose of the field tests is to determine the system-wide feasibility of the proposed performance-based professional certification program, including the validity of the standards and criteria in WAC 180-78A-365.
The superintendent of public instruction will make relevant
materials available and provide technical assistance to agencies and/or
individuals participating in the field tests.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-303 Field tests--Selection of participating programs. Selection of programs by the state board of education or its designated agency to participate in the field tests will be based on the following:
(1) Eligibility criteria:
(a) Each college or university with an approved teacher preparation program is eligible to apply to conduct a field test of the professional teacher certification program.
(b) The field tests will require participating agencies and individuals to implement all of the components of the approved program as described in WAC 180-78A-320, 180-78A-340, 180-78A-345, 180-78A-350, 180-78A-355, 180-78A-360, and 180-78A-365, including the collection of data relevant to the issues to be addressed in WAC 180-78A-306.
(2) Applications for a limited number of field tests at public and private colleges and universities (for example, six) shall be approved according to the following selection criteria:
(a) The extent to which a specific application enhances the geographic diversity of the complete field test: Including, but not limited to, the identification of the public or private colleges and universities and identification of the specific school districts that will participate (e.g., suburban, rural and remote school districts, and private schools).
(b) The detailed workplan in the application with timelines for sufficient planning, implementation, and evaluation including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) Identification of two or more school districts that will participate in the field test.
(ii) Estimated number of candidates that will be involved in the field test.
(iii) Identification of professional certificate program administrator of the field test and/or a description of the qualifications of the person to serve in the role.
(iv) Experience and/or expertise in:
(A) Implementation of alternative delivery systems in rural and remote areas.
(B) Performance-based teacher assessment.
(C) Collaborative development of teacher education programs.
(c) The process described in the application for evaluating the field test, including a review of how such a program could be implemented collaboratively and in a cost-effective manner throughout the state.
(3) Timelines:
(a) On or before March 15, 1997, the state board of education will issue requests for proposals for field testing the professional certificate program.
(b) Proposals will be due by May 15, 1997.
(c) The state board of education or designated agency will approve field test proposals on or before June 15, 1997.
(d) Field test programs shall begin in accordance with the timeline submitted in the application.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-304 Field tests--Alternative models. The state board
of education, or its designated agency, may waive one or more of the
requirements in WAC 180-78A-301 through 180-78A-365, if compelling
evidence is presented.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-305 Field tests--Participating teachers. Teachers who
participate in the field test shall be issued professional certificates
if the collaborating agencies verify that they have successfully
completed the state board of education approved field test. Teachers who
participate in the field test, who do not meet the requirements for the
professional certificate, will be allowed to meet the requirements for
the continuing certificate. In addition, participation in the field
tests shall qualify teachers for one renewal, if needed, of their initial
certificate.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-306 Field tests--Evaluation criteria. Programs approved for the field tests shall collect data related to all of the following criteria during and at the conclusion of the field test. Participating agencies shall provide interim reports at least annually and a final report, including recommendations for changes to the Washington Administrative Code, to the state board of education on the following criteria:
Demographics:
(1) Can the professional certificate program be implemented in a fair and equitable manner for:
(a) Teachers in any community: Rural and urban, near a college or university, or distant from a college or university,
(b) All teachers, e.g., public and private, elementary, secondary, special education and vocational teachers?
Standards:
(2) Are the three standards and the 18 criteria:
(a) The most appropriate and relevant standards and/or criteria?
(b) In need of revision (including additions or eliminations)?
(c) Supportive of the state goals and/or essential academic learning requirements?
Assessment:
(3) What should the role of each of the agencies involved in the implementation of the program be in regard to assessment?
(4) Are the assessments of the standards and criteria valid?
(5) What assessment procedures and benchmarks determine that a candidate has successfully demonstrated the standards and criteria in WAC 180-78A-365?
(6) For which of the standards and criteria can evidence of positive impact on student learning be obtained?
(7) What forms of evidence of impact on student learning should be required?
(8) How have collaborating agencies implemented the requirement that candidates provide "multiple forms of evidence, over time"?
(9) Is an "assessment seminar" the best means to assess the candidate's demonstration of the standards and criteria?
Could or should some/all of the standards and criteria be demonstrated through courses/activities in the instruction or assistance components of the individualized professional growth plan?
Implementation:
(10) What are the logistical challenges and time requirements associated with developing and implementing professional certificate programs for candidates and collaborating agencies and individuals?
(11) What are the direct and indirect costs associated with implementing professional certificate programs, especially to the candidate and how were the collaborating agencies and individuals compensated for their involvement?
(a) Can professional certificate programs be implemented primarily on candidate fees/tuition basis?
(b) Did the professional certificate programs utilize other financial resources?
(12) Which aspects of the professional certificate program should require traditional college course work, and which aspects of the program should provide alternatives to this course work?
Professional growth plans:
(13) How were the candidates' student/learning contexts and preassessments used to develop the individualized professional growth plan?
(14) How were the individualized professional growth plan and the instruction and assistance components organized and delivered?
(15) How were the individualized professional growth plan and the instruction and assistance components aligned with the state's goals and essential academic learning requirements?
Other:
(16) What other relevant information needs to be reported to the
state board of education as a result of the field tests?
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-320 Responsibilities of the professional certificate
administrator. Each approved professional certificate program shall
identify a professional certificate administrator who shall have the
primary responsibility for the overall administration of the program.
The person serving as the professional certificate administrator may be
an employee, or a joint employee, representing any of the collaborating
agencies participating in the program.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-340 Program approval standards for professional certificate approved programs. The program approval standards for approved programs for teachers are as follows:
(1) Professional education advisory boards. The professional certificate program, in conformance with the provisions of WAC 180-78A-145 and 180-78A-345, has established and maintained a professional education advisory board to participate in decisions related to the development, implementation, and revision of the professional certificate program for teachers.
(2) Accountability. Each professional certificate program, in conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-350, has established a performance-based program.
(3) Resources. The professional certificate program, in conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-355, is responsible for providing the resources needed to develop and maintain quality professional programs.
(4) Program design. Each professional certificate program, in conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-360, is responsible for establishing a collaboratively developed, individualized, approved professional certificate program.
(5) Knowledge and skills. Each professional certificate program,
in conformance with the provision of WAC 180-78A-365, has established
policies requiring all candidates for certification to demonstrate the
standards and respective criteria for obtaining the professional
certificate.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-345 Approval standard--Professional education advisory board. The following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each professional certificate program is in compliance with the program approval standards of WAC 180-78A-340(1).
(1) The professional education advisory board established for the preservice program in accordance with WAC 180-78A-075 shall also serve as the professional advisory board for the professional certificate program.
(2) The professional education advisory board has participated in the development of the professional certificate program and has recommended approval of the proposed program prior to its submission to the state board of education for approval.
(3) The professional education advisory board has reviewed the annual summary on the status of all candidates in the program required by WAC 180-78A-350(7).
(4) The professional education advisory board has made
recommendation(s), as appropriate, for program changes to the
professional certificate administrator who shall implement the
recommendation(s) within twelve months, or provide a rationale for why
the recommendation(s) was not implemented.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-350 Approval standard--Accountability. The following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each professional certificate program is in compliance with the program approval standards of WAC 180-78A-140(2). Each college and university shall:
(1) Submit for initial approval to the state board of education a performance-based professional certificate program for teachers.
(2) Provide documentation that the respective professional education advisory board has participated in the development of and has approved the proposal.
(3) Identify the professional certificate administrator who shall be responsible for the administration of the professional certificate program.
(4) Describe the major responsibilities of each of the collaborating agencies. Identify the staff from one or more of the collaborating agencies who will be assigned the responsibility for reviewing applications for the professional certificate program; advising candidates once accepted; developing and implementing the individualized professional growth plan, the instruction and assistance components, and the assessment seminar; maintaining current records on the status of all candidates accepted into the professional certificate program; and for serving as the liaison with the superintendent of public instruction certification office in order to facilitate the issuance of the professional certificates when candidates have met the required standards.
(5) Establish the admission criteria that candidates for the professional certificate will need to meet in order to be accepted into the collaboratively developed professional certificate program.
(6) Describe the procedures that the approved program will use to determine that a candidate has successfully demonstrated the standards and criteria for obtaining the professional certificate.
(7) Prepare an annual summary on the status of all candidates in the program and submit the summary to the professional education advisory board.
(8) Submit any additional information to the professional education advisory board that it requests.
(9) Facilitate an on-site review of the program when requested by the state board of education to ensure that the program meets the state's program approval standards and to provide assessment data relative to the performance standards to the state board of education.
Provided, That the on-site reviews shall be scheduled on a five-year cycle unless the state board of education approves a variation in the schedule.
Provided further, That institutions seeking National Council for the
Accreditation of Teacher Education accreditation may request from the
state board of education approval for concurrent site visits which would
utilize the same documentation whenever possible.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-355 Approval standard--Resources. The following evidence shall be evaluated to determine whether each professional certificate program is in compliance with the resources program approval standard of WAC 180-78A-340(3):
(1) Administrators, faculty, and teachers implementing the professional certificate program have appropriate qualifications (either academic, experience, or both for the roles to which they are assigned). Such responsibilities shall be shared, as appropriate, between and among the collaborating agencies.
(2) One of the collaborating agencies is assigned the responsibility for maintaining fiscal records in order to monitor and report on the costs of implementing the program both to the collaborating agencies as well as to the candidates whose fees and tuition costs should be the primary source of fiscal support for the program.
(3) Instructional, technological, and other needed resources must
be sufficient in scope, breadth, and recency to support the professional
certificate program.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-360 Approval standard--Program design. The following requirements shall govern the design of the professional certificate program:
(1) To be eligible to apply for admission to a professional certificate program, a candidate shall be contracted as a teacher in a public or a state board of education approved private school and shall have completed provisional status with a school district under RCW 28A.405.220 or the equivalent with an approved private school.
(2) The professional certificate program must be available to all candidates who are admitted to the program in Washington in a timely, fair, equitable, and fiscally responsible manner.
(3) The professional certificate program shall be collaboratively developed by an existing professional education advisory board with representation from its collaborating agencies. Additional agencies may participate in the development of the program if the professional education advisory board so chooses.
(4) Each program shall consist of:
(a) An individualized professional growth plan designed to provide the candidate with the knowledge and skills needed to demonstrate successfully the standards and criteria required to obtain the professional certificate.
(b) An assessment seminar designed to provide a variety of assessment opportunities for the candidate to demonstrate successfully each of the criteria related to the standards, pursuant to WAC 180-78A-365 and which may include college or university credit hours.
(5) The individualized professional growth plan shall be based on:
(a) An analysis of the instructional context for determining the appropriate strategies by which the teacher will be able to have a positive impact on student learning. In developing the analysis, consideration should be given, but not limited to, the following data collected in collaboration with the school district or building:
(i) The resources available at the approved private school or school district to support the instruction, including: Textbooks, technological resources, the assignment of teacher assistants, and administrator and/or peer teacher support;
(ii) The teaching assignments(s);
(iii) The age(s) and maturity of the students;
(iv) The number of special needs students in any specific class; and
(v) Other.
(b) A preassessment of the candidate's ability to demonstrate successfully the professional certificate standards and criteria.
(6) A representative of the college/university, a representative of the candidate's employing approved private school or school district (or an educational service district, if the employing approved private school or school district so delegates), and a representative, selected by the candidate, from one of the other authorized agencies (i.e., local school district professional association, state-wide professional association, specialty area professional association or educational service district) as well as the candidate, shall participate in the development and approval of the professional growth plan.
(7) The individualized professional growth plan shall include assistance and instructional components and shall specify any required course work which may include college and university credit hours.
(8) The assessment seminar shall include performance-based assessments which shall include:
(a) K-12 student achievement data, whenever appropriate, related to one or more of the essential academic learning requirements now being developed by the commission on student learning.
(b) Evidence of a positive impact on student learning as defined in WAC 180-78A-010(8) for the standard of effective teaching. In determining positive impact on student learning, the candidate, in consultation with one or more of the collaborating agencies, shall determine, prior to instruction, the level of appropriate achievement of the K-12 student based on the analysis of the instructional context described in WAC 180-78A-360 (5)(a). The positive impact on student learning will then be determined on the basis of the extent to which the level of achievement was met. Candidates may need to repeat these assessments a number of times, utilizing alternative instructional strategies in order to demonstrate consistently a positive impact on student learning.
(c) A focus on the achievement of all, or a limited number of, students in a class. Teachers will not be required to provide assessment data for all their students for the full range of potential content and learning objectives.
(d) Multiple forms of evidence presented over time which may include, but are not limited to, the following: Classroom-based evidence of student learning; portfolios; statements from parents, peer teachers, and/or administrators; and student scores on standardized achievement tests.
(9) No limits shall be placed on the number of times a candidate with a valid residency certificate may participate in the assessment component and on the forms of relevant evidence that the candidate may submit.
(10) Candidates who do not successfully complete the assessment
component shall receive an individualized analysis of strengths and
weaknesses and a plan for appropriate assistance and instruction.
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NEW SECTION
WAC 180-78A-365 Approval standard--Knowledge and skills. The following standards and criteria must be demonstrated successfully by the candidate in order to obtain a professional certificate:
(1) A successful candidate for the professional certificate shall demonstrate the knowledge and skills for effective teaching which ensure student learning by:
(a) Using effective teaching practices;
(b) Using assessment to monitor and improve instruction;
(c) Establishing and maintaining a positive, student-focused, learning environment;
(d) Designing and/or adapting challenging curriculum that is developmentally appropriate;
(e) Demonstrating cultural sensitivity in teaching and in relationships with students, parents, and community members;
(f) Using information on student achievement and performance to advise and involve students and families;
(g) Integrating technology into instruction and assessment; and
(h) Informing, involving, and collaborating with parents and families to support student success.
(2) A successful candidate for the professional certificate shall demonstrate the knowledge and skills for professional development by:
(a) Evaluating the effects of his/her teaching through feedback and reflection;
(b) Establishing goals for professional improvement;
(c) Designing and implementing personal professional growth programs; and
(d) Remaining current in subject area(s), theories, practice, and research.
(3) A successful candidate for the professional certificate shall demonstrate leadership that contributes to the improvement of the school, community, and the profession by:
(a) Participating in activities within the school community to improve curriculum and instructional practices;
(b) Participating in professional and/or community organizations;
(c) Advocating for curriculum, instruction, and learning environments which meet the diverse needs of students;
(d) Demonstrating communication skills and/or strategies that facilitates group decision making;
(e) Participating collaboratively in school improvement activities; and
(f) Incorporating democratic principles into his/her practice.
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