Date of Adoption: October 30, 1998.

Purpose: The purpose of the new chapter is to revise policies and requirements for endorsements on teacher certificates.

Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 28A.305.130 (1) and (2), 28A.410.010, and 28A.150.220(4).

Adopted under notice filed as WSR 98-19-134 on September 23, 1998.

Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: Two primary endorsements as well as several supporting endorsements, that were presented for adoption consideration were not adopted. Some knowledge and skills required for certain endorsements that were presented for adoption consideration were amended or deleted.

Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 35, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 35, Amended 0, Repealed 0. Effective Date of Rule: Thirty-one days after filing.

January 21, 1999

Larry Davis

Executive Director

OTS-2440.5

The authority for this chapter is chapter 28A.410 RCW which authorizes the state board of education to establish, publish, and enforce rules and regulations determining eligibility for the certification of personnel employed in the common schools of this state. This authority is supplemented by RCW 28A.305.130(5) which authorizes the state board of education to specify the types and kinds of certificates necessary for the several departments within the common schools and by RCW 28A.150.220(4) which authorizes the state board of education to adopt rules that implement and ensure compliance with the basic program of education requirements of RCW 28A.150.250, 28A.150.260, and 28A.150.220 and such related basic program of education requirements as may be established by the state board of education.

[]

The purposes of this chapter are to:

(1) Establish policies for the assignment of certificated personnel within districts; and

(2) Establish policies and conditions for obtaining endorsements on teaching certificates.

[]

In addition to holding teaching permits or certificates as required by WAC 180-16-220(2), the assignment of classroom teachers in the basic program of education shall comply with the following:

(1) Classroom teachers with standard or unendorsed continuing teacher certificates may be assigned to any grade or subject areas for which certification is required.

(2) Classroom teachers with initial, residency, endorsed continuing, or professional teacher certificates may be assigned only to the specified grades and specified subject areas stated as endorsements upon their respective certificates or permits.

(3) Classroom teachers with initial, residency, endorsed continuing, or professional teacher certificates who have an elementary education endorsement may be assigned to teach any subject in grades K-8.

(4) Any certificated teacher who has completed twenty-four quarter hours (sixteen semester hours) of academic study in a content area that will be offered in grades four through nine may be assigned to that course even if the teacher does not hold an endorsement in that area.

(5) Any certificated teacher may be assigned to a middle school or junior high school block program, which for the purpose of this section shall be defined as the same teacher assigned to teach two or more subject areas to the same group of students, if the teacher has an endorsement in one of the subject areas and has completed or will complete within one year nine quarter hours in each of the other subject areas.

(6) Upon determination by school districts that teachers have the competencies to be effective teachers in alternative settings, individuals with initial, residency, endorsed continuing, or professional teacher certificates who have completed provisional status with a school district under RCW 28A.405.220 may be assigned to teach in alternative schools.

(7) Any certificated teacher may be assigned to courses offered in basic education subject areas not included with the list of endorsements specified in WAC 180-79A-302.

(8) Any certificated teacher may be assigned to serve as a substitute classroom teacher at any grade level or in any subject area for a period not to exceed thirty consecutive school days in any one assignment.

(9) Any certificated person holding a limited certificate as specified in WAC 180-79A-230 or a vocational education certificate as specified in chapter 180-77 WAC may be assigned as per the provisions of such section or chapter.

(10) If a teacher is assigned to provide special education, then the district must also comply with WAC 392-172-200 and 392-172-202.

(11) For the purpose of this section, the term "specified subject areas" shall mean courses or classes with the same subject area title as specified by the classroom teachers endorsement and courses or classes which the board of directors of the district determines to substantially include the same subject area as the endorsement--e.g., a classroom teacher with a health endorsement may be assigned to any course, regardless of course title, which substantially includes health as the subject area.

(12) Exceptions to the assignment requirements of subsection (1) of this section must comply with WAC 180-82-110.

(13) School district compliance with this section shall be subject to the state staff review process specified in WAC 180-16-195(2).

[]

Exceptions to the classroom teacher assignment policy specified in WAC 180-82-105 shall be limited to the following:

(1) Upon determination by school districts that teachers have the competencies to be effective teachers in areas other than their endorsed areas, individuals with initial, residency, endorsed continuing, or professional teacher certificates who have completed provisional status with a school district under RCW 28A.405.220 may be assigned to classes other than in their areas of endorsement. If teachers are so assigned, the following shall apply:

(a) A designated representative of the district and any such teacher so assigned shall mutually develop a written plan which provides for necessary assistance to the teacher, and which provides for a reasonable amount of planning and study time associated specifically with the out-of-endorsement assignment;

(b) Such teachers shall not be subject to nonrenewal or probation based on evaluations of their teaching effectiveness in the out-of-endorsement assignments;

(c) Such teaching assignments shall be approved by a formal vote of the local school board for each teacher so assigned; and

(d) The assignment of such teachers for the previous school year shall be reported annually to the state board of education by the employing school district as required by WAC 180-16-195. Included in the report shall be the number of teachers in out-of-endorsement assignments and the specific assistance being given to the teachers.

(2) Teachers with initial, residency, endorsed continuing, or professional teacher certificates who have not completed provisional status with a school district under RCW 28A.405.220 may be assigned to one out-of-endorsement assignment for a maximum of two periods (not more than forty percent full-time equivalent) a day. Conditions described in subsection (1)(a) through (d) of this section shall apply to teachers so assigned.

(3) After August 31, 2000, a teacher who has completed twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) of the required special education course work in WAC 180-82-360 shall be eligible for a waiver from the special education office which will allow that person to be employed as a special education teacher. The remaining credits and all endorsement requirements shall be completed within three years of service as a special education teacher. Teachers who hold certificates endorsed in special education or who have received waivers from the special education office prior to September 1, 2000, shall not be affected by the requirements of this subsection.

[]

The superintendent of public instruction annually shall submit to the state board of education a comprehensive report on the status of compliance by school districts with WAC 180-82-105. Such report, among other matters deemed important by the superintendent of public instruction, shall contain summary data regarding out-of-endorsement assignments pursuant to WAC 180-82-110 (1)(d).

[]

In addition to holding principal permits or certificates as required by WAC 180-16-220(2), the assignment of principals and vice-principals in the basic program of education shall comply with the following:

(1) Building administrators holding initial or provisional principals' certificates may serve only as principals or vice-principals for the grade levels stated in their endorsements with the following exceptions:

(a) Building administrators with grades K through 8 or preschool through 8 endorsements may serve as principals or vice-principals for grade levels preschool through 9.

(b) Building administrators with grades 7 through 12 endorsements may serve as principals or vice-principals for grade levels 4 through 12.

(c) Building administrators with initial or provisional certificates may be assigned to serve as substitute principals or vice-principals at any grade level for a period not to exceed thirty consecutive school days in any one assignment.

(2) Building administrators holding continuing or standard principals' certificates may be assigned to serve as a principal or vice-principal at any grade level.

[]

No person shall be assigned within the basic program of education to serve in a specific educational staff associate role, as identified in WAC 180-79A-140, unless such person holds a certificate or permit endorsed for such specific role.

[]

(1) No certificated school district employee shall be assigned to provide instruction of Braille to students who has not demonstrated competency with the grade two standard literary Braille code by:

(a) Successful completion of the National Literary Braille Competency Test; or

(b) Successful completion of the Braille competency test developed at Portland State University; or

(c) Successful completion of any other test approved for use by the state board of education.

(2) No classified school district employee working under the supervision of a certificated school district employee, which certificated employee meets the requirement of subsection (1) of this section, may produce Braille material or provide instruction in the Braille code unless the employee has demonstrated competency with the grade two standard literary Braille code as provided under subsection (1) of this section.

(3) The state board shall establish a test review committee which shall be responsible for developing criteria to evaluate a test under subsection (1)(c) of this section. No test shall be considered for approval by the state board under subsection (1)(c) of this section unless it has been evaluated by the test review committee and a recommendation for approval or disapproval has been submitted to the board. At a minimum, the membership of the committee shall include persons representing:

(a) National Federation of the Blind of Washington;

(b) Washington council of the blind;

(c) Association of education and rehabilitation of the blind and visually impaired of Washington;

(d) Washington instructional resource center for the visually impaired;

(e) Washington state school for the blind; and

(f) Office of the superintendent of public instruction.

(4) A person who has met the requirement of subsection (1) of this section shall maintain their facility with the grade two standard literary Braille code by:

(a) Completing ten hours every five years of continuing education; or

(b) Successful completion every five years of one of the tests under subsection (1) of this section.

(5) This section shall take effect September 1, 1997.

[]

The purposes of the endorsement requirements in chapter 180-82 WAC are:

(1) To align requirements for endorsements with the state's learning goals and essential academic learning requirements;

(2) To maintain rigorous standards for obtaining endorsements; and

(3) To provide school districts with teachers who are able to demonstrate a positive impact on student learning.

[]

In order to implement the state's reform legislation, schools are reorganizing by developmental levels, by benchmarks, by student performance, etc. Therefore, the designation of mandatory grade levels on certificates for assignment purposes, no longer appears appropriate. The state board of education does, however, wish to provide guidance to school districts in the placement of its certified staff and to colleges and universities in developing preparation programs by providing the following guidelines for grade and age designations:

(1) Early childhood: Birth to third grade (age eight).

(2) Elementary: Kindergarten (age five) to grade eight (age fourteen).

(3) Middle level: Grade four (age nine) to grade nine (age fifteen).

(4) Secondary: Grade five (age ten) to grade twelve (age eighteen).

(5) All levels: Preschool (birth) to grade twelve (age eighteen).

[]

Teacher certificates shall be endorsed as follows:

(1) All levels:

(a) Bilingual education, (supporting).

(b) Designated arts: Dance, (supporting).

(c) Designated arts: Drama, (supporting).

(d) Designated arts: Music: Choral, instrumental or general, (primary).

(e) Designated arts: Visual arts, (primary).

(f) Designated world languages, (primary and supporting).

(g) English as a second language, (supporting).

(h) Health/fitness, (primary).

(i) Library media, (primary and supporting).

(j) Reading, (primary and supporting).

(k) Special education, (primary).

(2) Early childhood education, (primary and supporting).

(3) Elementary education, (primary).

(4) Middle level, (primary).

(5) Secondary level:

(a) Designated science: Biology, (primary).

(b) Designated science: Chemistry, (primary).

(c) Designated science: Earth science, (primary).

(d) Designated science: Physics, (primary).

(e) Designated vocational/technical, (primary).

(f) English, (primary).

(g) English/language arts, (primary).

(h) History, (primary).

(i) Mathematics, (primary).

(j) Science, (primary).

(k) Social studies, (primary).

(6) Traffic safety.

[]

(1) Candidates for all primary and supporting teaching endorsements shall complete college/university programs approved by the state board of education pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, which include methodology (See WAC 180-78A-264(5)) and field experience/internship (See WAC 180-78A-264(7)) for the first endorsement.

(2) Colleges and universities shall consider modifying program requirements for individuals adding endorsements, based on the individual's previous course work, student teaching/internship, an assessment of the individual's knowledge and skills in the area of the endorsement being sought and other related endorsement areas, and previous teaching experience. In cases where individuals are employed as teachers, the colleges and universities may allow the individual to complete field-based requirements for the endorsement within the confines of the individual's existing schedule.

(3) The state board of education shall approve teacher preparation programs for each endorsement program at Washington colleges and universities, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC.

(4) Candidates from out-of-state shall be required to present verification that they completed a state approved program (equivalent to a major) in a Washington endorsement area.

(5) Course work used to meet endorsement requirements must be completed through a regionally accredited college/university.

(6) Only course work in which an individual received a grade of C (2.0) or higher or a grade of pass on a pass-fail system of grading shall be counted toward the course work required for the approved endorsement program.

(7) Nothing within this chapter precludes a college or university from adopting additional requirements as conditions for recommendation, by such college or university, to the superintendent of public instruction for a particular subject area endorsement.

[]

(1) All endorsements obtained under the requirements in chapter 180-82 WAC shall be designated as either primary or supporting endorsements on teaching certificates.

(2) All candidates for teaching certificates shall be required to obtain a primary endorsement which shall require a minimum of forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) of academic study (or its equivalent) in the endorsement area.

(3) Supporting endorsements shall require a minimum of twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) of academic study (or its equivalent) in the endorsement area: Provided, That supporting endorsements for broad area endorsements shall require thirty quarter credit hours (twenty semester credit hours) of academic study in the endorsement area.

(4) The state board of education or its designee may establish performance/competency criteria for obtaining an endorsement.

[]

(1) All teachers who obtain endorsements after August 31, 2000, shall meet the requirements in chapter 180-82 WAC: Provided, That colleges and universities may permit an individual accepted into programs on, or before, August 31, 2000, to obtain endorsements under the requirements in WAC 180-79A-300 through 180-79A-398, if the individual completes the endorsement program on, or before, August 31, 2003, and the college or university verifies endorsement program completion to the superintendent of public instruction on, or before, December 31, 2003: Provided further, That the state board of education or its designee may waive this requirement on a case-by-case basis.

(2) Teachers applying for a continuing or professional certificate after August 31, 2000, shall be required to obtain only one endorsement.

[]

In order to obtain a supporting endorsement in bilingual education, the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in another endorsement area, shall have demonstrated proficiency in the English language, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in bilingual education which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Language acquisition theory.

(2) Cross-cultural teaching and learning strategies.

(3) Literacy development (reading, writing, listening, speaking).

(4) History and theory of bilingual education.

(5) Instructional strategies for bilingual education.

(6) Demonstrated proficiency in a targeted foreign language.

[]

In order to receive a supporting endorsement in designated arts: Dance, the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in another endorsement area, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated arts: Dance which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below and shall have demonstrated a level of artistic and technical proficiency appropriate for his/her dance concentration. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Elements of dance.

(2) Composition, improvisation, or choreography.

(3) Dance science.

(4) Dance production.

(5) Social, cultural, and historical contexts and connections.

(6) Equipment and facilities safety.

[]

In order to receive a supporting endorsement in designated arts: Drama, the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in another endorsement area, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated arts: Drama which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Acting skills, including improvisational and script-based.

(2) Theatrical design and construction.

(3) Directing.

(4) Stage management.

(5) Analysis and criticism of both script and performances.

(6) Equipment, materials, and facilities safety.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in designated arts: Choral, instrumental, or general music, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated arts: Choral, instrumental, or general music which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Performance in-depth study of instrument or voice.

(2) Aural skills and analysis.

(3) Composition and improvisation.

(4) Performance repertory (e.g., instrumental, choral, solo, world music).

(5) Technology.

(6) Conducting.

(7) Arranging.

(8) Theory analysis of music literature.

(9) Equipment and facilities safety.

(10) Social, cultural, and historical contexts and connections.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in designated arts: Visual arts, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated arts: Visual arts which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Skills and techniques in multiple media (e.g., painting, sculpture, drawing, computer, photography).

(2) Composition and production using design principles.

(3) Analysis and interpretation of art.

(4) Social, cultural and historical contexts and connections.

(5) Material, equipment, and facilities safety.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in designated science: Biology, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated science: Biology which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Botany with lab.

(2) Zoology with lab.

(3) Genetics.

(4) Microbiology or cellbiology with lab.

(5) Chemistry with lab.

(6) Ecology.

(7) Evolution.

(8) Lab safety, practice, and management.

(9) Lab, inquiry-based experience.

(10) Relationship of the concepts of science to contemporary, historical, technological, and societal issues.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in designated science: Chemistry, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated science: Chemistry which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) General principles of chemistry with lab (i.e., inorganic, physical, and analytical).

(2) Advanced study in organic chemistry with lab.

(3) Quantitative analysis with lab.

(4) Biochemistry with lab.

(5) Physics.

(6) Laboratory safety, practice, and management.

(7) Lab, inquiry-based experience.

(8) Relationship of the concepts of science to contemporary, historical, technological, and societal issues.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in designated science: Earth science, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated science: Earth science which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Physical geology.

(2) Historical geology.

(3) Environmental issues related to earth science.

(4) Oceanography.

(5) Astronomy.

(6) Meteorology.

(7) Lab safety, practice, and management.

(8) Lab, inquiry-based experience.

(9) Relationship of the concepts of science to contemporary, historical, technological, and societal issues.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in designated science: Physics, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated science: Physics which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) General principles of physics, with lab.

(2) Lab safety, practice and management.

(3) Lab, inquiry-based experience.

(4) Relationships of the concepts of science to contemporary, historical, technological and societal issues.

[]

In order to obtain a primary endorsement in designated vocational/technical: Agriculture education, business education, family and consumer sciences education, marketing education, or technology education, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program pursuant to WAC 180-77A-170.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in designated world languages the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated world languages which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Communication in the designated world language: Speaks, understands, reads, and writes in a variety of contexts with a variety of situations.

(2) Culture and language.

(a) Describes, analyzes, and interprets cultural and language practices, products, and perspectives.

(b) Analyzes similarities and differences between United States and designated language cultures (e.g., history, mores, traditions, celebrations, and community context).

(c) Participates in designated world language community.

(3) Interdisciplinary integration (e.g., world languages and educational technology, selected areas in social studies, in language arts and any other suitable area).

(4) A variety of language acquisition theories.

(5) Appropriate methodological study for all levels, including but not limited to, FLES strategies and skills.

[]

In order to receive a supporting endorsement in designated world languages, the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in another endorsement area, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in designated world languages which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Communication in the designated world language: Speaks, understands, reads, and writes in a variety of contexts with a variety of situations.

(2) Culture and language.

(a) Describes, analyzes, and interprets cultural and language practices, products, and perspectives.

(b) Analyzes similarities and differences between United States and designated language cultures (e.g., history, mores, traditions, celebrations, and community context).

(c) Participates in designated world language community.

(3) Interdisciplinary integration (e.g., world languages and educational technology, selected areas in social studies, in language arts and any other suitable area).

(4) A variety of language acquisition theories.

[]

In order to obtain a primary endorsement in early childhood education, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in early childhood education which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Dynamics of family structure and involving parents and community agencies in early childhood development.

(2) Curriculum, instruction, and assessment in the following:

(a) Communication skills, emerging literacy, and language arts.

(b) Math and science.

(c) Social studies.

(d) Arts.

(i) Art.

(ii) Music.

(iii) Drama.

(iv) Creative movement/dance.

(e) Health/fitness.

(3) Typical and atypical growth and development (cognitive, linguistic, motor, and social).

(4) Assessment methods designed to measure developmental progress.

(5) Knowledge of requirements for promoting social competence.

(6) Knowledge of exceptionalities and identification of high risk and special needs students, and methods of modifying curriculum, instructional strategies and assessment.

(7) Strategies for environmental design and management of physical space, equipment, and material.

(8) Current issues and trends in early childhood education.

[]

In order to obtain a supporting endorsement in early childhood education the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in elementary education or special education, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in early childhood education, and shall have completed twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Dynamics of family structure and involving parents and community agencies in early childhood development.

(2) Curriculum, instruction, and assessment in the following:

(a) Communication skills, emerging literacy, and language arts.

(b) Math and science.

(c) Social studies.

(d) The arts.

(i) Visual arts.

(ii) Music.

(iii) Drama.

(iv) Creative movement/dance.

(e) Health/fitness.

(3) Typical and atypical growth and development (cognitive, linguistic, motor, and social) and assessment methods.

(4) Strategies for environmental design and management of physical space, equipment, and material.

(5) Knowledge of requirements for promoting social competence.

(6) Current issues and trends in early childhood education.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in elementary education, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in elementary education which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78 WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas listed below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills at the developmentally appropriate levels in the following areas:

(1) Language literacy.

(a) Reading strategies.

(b) The writing process.

(c) Communication.

(d) Language skills.

(e) Child and adolescent literature.

(2) Mathematics.

(a) Number sense.

(b) Measurement.

(c) Geometric sense.

(d) Probability and statistics.

(e) Algebraic sense.

(3) Science. Life and physical science, including a lab science.

(4) Social studies.

(a) U.S. history.

(b) Geography.

(c) Economics.

(d) Civics.

(5) The arts.

(a) Music.

(b) Visual arts.

(c) Drama.

(d) Creative movement/dance.

(6) Health/fitness.

(a) Foundations of health and fitness.

(b) Safe living.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in English the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in English which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) The reading process (e.g., skills and strategies).

(2) The writing process (e.g., expository, technical, narrative).

(3) Communication (e.g., speaking, listening, and analyzing).

(4) Language skills (conventions) and structure (social/historical).

(5) Literature (e.g., American, British, world, and multicultural).

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in English/language arts the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in English/language arts which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as sixty quarter credit hours (forty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) The reading process (e.g., skills and strategies).

(2) The writing process (e.g., expository, technical, narrative).

(3) Communication (e.g., speech, listening, media analysis, acting, journalism).

(4) Language skills (conventions) and structure (social/historical).

(5) American, British, world, multicultural, and adolescent literature, including representation from the following genre: Poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and technical materials.

[]

In order to obtain a supporting endorsement in English as a second language, the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in another endorsement area, shall have demonstrated proficiency in the English language, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in English as a second language which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Language acquisition theory.

(2) Cross-cultural teaching and learning strategies.

(3) Literacy development (reading, writing, listening, speaking).

(4) History and theory of ESL.

(5) Instructional strategies for ESL.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in health/fitness the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in health/fitness which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Foundations of health and fitness

(2) Safe living, including first aid and CPR.

(3) Scientific foundations for health and fitness (i.e., anatomy exercise physiology, kinesiology/biomechanics, psychomotor maturation and development, and motor learning).

(4) Movement, activities, and application with attention to special needs populations.

(5) Coordinated health education (i.e., alcohol and other drugs, diseases, injury prevention, human relationships, nutrition, HIV prevention, and abuse prevention).

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in history the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in history which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Pacific Northwest history.

(2) United States history, including chronological, thematic, multicultural, ethnic, and women's history.

(3) World, regional, or country history.

(4) Civics/political science/United States government.

(5) Geography.

(6) Economics.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in library media, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in library media which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Integration of information technologies with essential academic learnings.

(2) Needs assessment, evaluation, and selection of diverse literature, media (print, nonprint, and electronic), and information services for children and young adults.

(3) Understanding and utilization of existing and emerging information technologies.

(4) Media (print, nonprint and electronic) literacy-methods and instruction.

(5) Research and library applications in the curriculum.

(6) Social, ethical, and legal implications of information technologies.

(7) Management of library media program-services and facilities.

(8) Theories and accepted principles of standardized systems of cataloguing, process, and classification.

[]

In order to receive a supporting endorsement in library media, the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in elementary education or middle level, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in library media which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Integration of information technologies with essential academic learnings.

(2) Needs assessment, evaluation, and selection of diverse literature, media (print, nonprint, and electronic), and information services for children and young adults.

(3) Understanding and utilization of existing and emerging information technologies.

(4) Social, ethical and legal implications of information technologies.

(5) Management of library media program-services and facilities.

(6) Theories and accepted principles of standardized systems of cataloguing, process, and classification.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in mathematics, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in mathematics which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Geometry (Euclidean and non-Euclidean).

(2) Probability and statistics.

(3) Calculus (integral and differential).

(4) Discrete mathematics.

(5) Logic and problem solving.

(6) History of math or foundations of math.

[]

In order to obtain an endorsement in middle level, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in middle level which shall be comprised of the developmentally appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below:

(1) A primary area comprised of thirty quarter credit hours (twenty semester credit hours) in either:

(a) Humanities, including a minimum of ten quarter credit hours (six semester credit hours) from language arts and ten quarter credit hours (six semester credit hours) from social studies with the remaining credit hours taken from language arts and/or social studies to total thirty quarter credit hours (twenty semester credit hours); or

(b) Math-science, including a minimum of ten quarter credit hours (six semester credit hours) from math and ten quarter credit hours (six semester credit hours) from science with the remaining credit hours taken from math and/or science to total thirty quarter credit hours (twenty semester credit hours); and

(2) A supporting area comprised of fifteen quarter credit hours (ten semester credit hours) from one of the following:

(a) Humanities (available only to candidates whose primary area is math-science); or

(b) Math-science (available only to candidates whose primary area is humanities); or

(c) Designated arts; or

(d) Vocational-technical; or

(e) Designated world languages; or

(f) Health/fitness.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in reading/literacy the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in reading which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Assessment and diagnosis of reading skills and deficiencies.

(2) Strategies of how to teach reading.

(a) Scientifically validated research-based instructional strategies.

(b) Developmental stages/theories of reading.

(c) Philosophy of reading.

(3) Language acquisition/integration.

(4) Social/cultural contexts for literacy.

(5) Reading process, including decoding, encoding, and student response to child and adolescent literature.

(6) Beginning literacy (reading, writing, spelling, and communication).

(7) Reading in the content areas, fiction and nonfiction, including, but not limited to, enriched literature and expository text in the content areas.

(8) Literacy for a second language learner.

(9) Meta-cognitive strategies (teaching children to self-assess their reading ability).

(10) Risk factors for reading difficulties and intervention strategies for students experiencing reading difficulties.

[]

In order to receive a supporting endorsement in reading the candidate shall have completed a primary endorsement in another endorsement area, shall have completed a state approved preparation program in reading, which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, and shall have completed twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Assessment and diagnosis of reading skills and deficiencies.

(2) Language acquisition/integration.

(3) Social/cultural contexts for literacy.

(4) Beginning literacy (reading, writing, spelling, and communication).

(5) Reading in the content areas, fiction and nonfiction, including, but not limited to, enriched literature and expository text in the content areas.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in science the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in science which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as sixty quarter credit hours (forty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below, as follows:

(1) Forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in a designated science area (biology, chemistry, earth science, or physics), including all the requirements for the endorsement in that area; and

(2) Fifteen quarter credit hours (ten semester credit hours) from the remaining three science areas, including course work from each of those three areas.

[]

In order to receive a primary endorsement in social studies the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in social studies which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as sixty quarter credit hours (forty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below, including twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) in history. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Pacific Northwest history.

(2) United States history, including chronological, thematic, multicultural, ethnic and women's history.

(3) World, regional, or country history.

(4) Geography.

(5) Political science, civics, or government.

(6) Anthropology, psychology, or sociology.

(7) Economics.

[]

(See WAC 180-82-110(3) for information regarding eligibility for a waiver for a candidate who may be assigned to a special education classroom, if he or she has completed twenty-four quarter credit hours (sixteen semester credit hours) of the course work specified below.) In order to receive a primary endorsement in special education, the candidate shall have completed a state approved preparation program in special education which shall be comprised of the appropriate pedagogy courses and field experiences/internship, pursuant to chapter 180-78A WAC, as well as forty-five quarter credit hours (thirty semester credit hours) in the subject areas below. Through the completion of this course work and/or an alternative performance-based assessment acceptable to the college/university, the candidate shall have demonstrated knowledge and skills in the following areas:

(1) Exceptionality-defined as an overview of all disabling conditions, including low to high incidence disabling.

(2) Curriculum modification and adaptation (including modifying the essential academic learning requirements), accommodations, special aids, technology, and equipment.

(3) Least restrictive environment/inclusion strategies for special education.

(4) Student assessment and evaluation.

(a) Functional behavior analysis.

(b) Individualized education plan/individualized family services plan development.

(c) Accommodations for the Washington assessment of student learning.

(5) Procedural and substantive legal issues in special education.

(6) Specially designed instruction including curriculum materials in all content areas.

(7) Effective procedures and strategies for teaching pro-social skills and addressing behavioral problems.

(8) School, family, community partnerships to improve learning for students with disabilities and their families (understanding and applying) knowledge of family systems including cultural and linguistic diversity).

(9) Transition planning for new settings including planning post school outcomes.

(10) Organization and management systems (i.e., individualized education plan/individualized family services plan, scheduling, evaluation, and recordkeeping/data collection).

(11) Methods, issues and trends in early childhood education.

(12) Collaboration, teaming, partnerships, and supervision of paraeducators.

[]

© Washington State Code Reviser's Office