PROPOSED RULES
Original Notice.
Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 01-17-111.
Title of Rule: Group A public drinking water system regulations, chapter 246-290 WAC.
Purpose: The purpose is to adopt revisions necessary to be consistent with federally promulgated Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rules and regulations.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 43.20.050.
Statute Being Implemented: RCW 70.119A.080.
Summary: The revisions include those sections associated with: Surface water sources or ground water; sources that use a disinfectant; sources that use filter backwash recycling; monitoring, reporting, maximum contaminant levels, follow-up action, and public notification regarding lead and copper, and monitoring of radionuclides.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: As the primacy agency, the Department of Health is responsible for implementing rules no less stringent than EPA rules and regulations. These rule revisions are required to maintain primacy with EPA and to sustain federal funding.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting: Theresa Phillips, Tumwater, (360) 236-3147; Implementation and Enforcement: Richard Siffert, Tumwater, (360) 236-3146.
Name of Proponent: Environmental Health Programs, governmental.
Rule is necessary because of federal law, 40 C.F.R. Parts 141 and 142.
Explanation of Rule, its Purpose, and Anticipated Effects: The proposed rule revisions will achieve compliance with the new federal requirements to maintain state primacy. The revisions are necessary to: (1) Strengthen protection against microbial contamination, while not causing increases in disinfection by-products; (2) strengthen protection against radionuclides, lead and copper in drinking water; and (3) ensure consumers are apprised of the quality of their drinking water.
Proposal Changes the Following Existing Rules: The proposed revisions change existing rules by adding requirements for those water systems that: Recycle filter backwash water within the treatment process; adds requirements for uranium, and revises monitoring requirements for radionuclides; minor revisions to lead and copper rule to improve implementation by eliminating unnecessary requirement, and streamline and reduce reporting burden; adds requirements for the form, manner, frequency and content of public notices; adds requirements to improve control of microbial pathogens, specifically Cryptosporidium; addresses risk trade-offs with disinfection by-products; adds requirements for disinfection by-products by reducing the levels of disinfectants and their by-products in households that were not previously covered by this rule and provides public health protection from exposure to specific by-products.
No small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW. This rule revision is exempt from the small business impact statement requirement under RCW 19.85.025(3) because it adopts federal requirements without material change.
RCW 34.05.328 does not apply to this rule adoption. Under RCW 34.05.328 (5)(b)(iii) and (iv), this statute does not apply to rule adoption because this rule adopts federal requirements without material change.
Hearing Location: Department of Health, 20435 72nd Avenue South, Suite 200, Kent, WA 98032, on February 25, 2003, at 1:00 p.m.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Theresa Phillips by February 14, 2003, TDD (800) 833-6388 or (360) 236-3147.
Submit Written Comments to: Department of Health, Theresa Phillips, P.O. Box 47822, Olympia, WA 98504-7822, fax (360) 236-2253, by February 25, 2003.
Date of Intended Adoption: March 26, 2003.
January 13, 2003
Mary C. Selecky
Secretary
OTS-5950.8
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 99-07-021, filed 3/9/99,
effective 4/9/99)
WAC 246-290-002
Guidance.
(1) The department has
numerous guidance documents available to help purveyors comply
with state and federal rules regarding drinking water. These
include documents on the following subjects:
(a) Compliance;
(b) System management and financial assistance;
(c) Ground water protection;
(d) Growth management;
(e) Operations/maintenance;
(f) Operator certification;
(g) Water system planning;
(h) Monitoring and water quality;
(i) System approval;
(j) Small water systems;
(k) Water resources;
(l) Water system design; and
(m) General information.
(2) The department's guidance documents are available at minimal or no cost by contacting the division of drinking water's publication service at (360) 236-3099 or (800) 521-0323. Individuals can also request the documents via the Internet at http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw or through conventional mail at P.O. Box 47822, Olympia, Washington 98504-7822.
(3) Federal guidance documents are available from the Environmental Protection Agency for a wide range of topics. These are available from the EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water website at www.epa.gov/safewater/index.html.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-002, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99.]
ADD - average day demand;
AG - air gap;
ANSI - American National Standards Institute;
APWA - American Public Works Association;
ASCE - American Society of Civil Engineers;
AVB - atmospheric vacuum breaker;
AWWA - American Water Works Association;
BAT - best available technology;
BAT - backflow assembly tester (for WAC 246-29-490);
C - residual disinfectant concentration in mg/L;
CCS - cross-connection control specialist;
CFR - code of federal regulations;
CPE - comprehensive performance evaluation;
CT - the mathematical product in mg/L - minutes of "C" and "T";
CTA - comprehensive technical assistance;
CWSSA - critical water supply service area;
DBPs - disinfection by-products;
DCDA - double check detector assembly;
DCVA - double check valve assembly;
((DWSRF - drinking water state revolving fund;))
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency;
ERU - equivalent residential unit;
gph - gallons per hour;
gpm - gallons per minute;
GAC - granular activated carbon;
GAC10 - granular activated carbon with ten-minute empty bed contact time based on average daily flow and one hundred eighty-day reactivation frequency;
GWI - ground water under the direct influence of surface water;
HAA5 - haloacetic acids (five);
HPC - heterotrophic plate count;
IAPMO - International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials;
kPa - kilo pascal (SI units of pressure);
((m - meter;))
MCL - maximum contaminant level;
MDD - maximum day demand;
mg/L - milligrams per liter (1 mg/L = 1 ppm);
mL - milliliter;
mm - millimeter;
MRDL - maximum residual disinfectant level;
MRDLG - maximum residual disinfectant level goal;
MTTP - maximum total trihalomethane potential;
NSF - National Sanitation Foundation;
NTNC - nontransient noncommunity;
NTU - nephelometric turbidity unit;
PAA - project approval application;
pCi/L - picocuries per liter;
PHD - peak hourly demand;
ppm - parts per million (1 ppm = 1 mg/L);
psi - pounds per square inch;
PVBA - pressure vacuum breaker assembly;
RPBA - reduced pressure backflow assembly;
RPDA - reduced pressure detector assembly;
SAL - state advisory level;
SCA - sanitary control area;
SDWA - Safe Drinking Water Act;
SEPA - State Environmental Policy Act;
SOC - synthetic organic chemical;
SMA - satellite management agency;
SPI - special purpose investigation;
SRF - state revolving fund;
SUVA - specific ultraviolet absorption;
SVBA - spill resistant vacuum breaker assembly;
SWTR - surface water treatment rule;
T - disinfectant contact time in minutes;
TTHM - total trihalomethane;
TNC - transient noncommunity;
TNTC - too numerous to count;
TOC - total organic carbon;
UBC - Uniform Building Code;
ug/L - micrograms per liter;
UL - Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.;
umhos/cm - micromhos per centimeter;
UPC - Uniform Plumbing Code;
UTC - utilities and transportation commission;
VOC - volatile organic chemical;
WAC - Washington Administrative Code;
((WADOT - Washington department of transportation;))
WFI - water facilities inventory and report form; and
WHPA - wellhead protection area.
"Acute" means posing an immediate risk to human health.
"Alternate filtration technology" means a filtration process for substantial removal of particulates (generally > 2 log Giardia lamblia cysts and/or, for systems serving at least 10,000 people, ≥ 2-log removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts) by other than conventional, direct, diatomaceous earth, or slow sand filtration processes.
"Analogous treatment system" means an existing water treatment system that has unit processes and source water quality characteristics that are similar to a proposed treatment system.
"Approved air gap" means a physical separation between the free-flowing end of a potable water supply pipeline and the overflow rim of an open or nonpressurized receiving vessel. To be an air gap approved by the department, the separation must be at least:
Twice the diameter of the supply piping measured vertically from the overflow rim of the receiving vessel, and in no case be less than one inch, when unaffected by vertical surfaces (sidewalls); and:
Three times the diameter of the supply piping, if the horizontal distance between the supply pipe and a vertical surface (sidewall) is less than or equal to three times the diameter of the supply pipe, or if the horizontal distance between the supply pipe and intersecting vertical surfaces (sidewalls) is less than or equal to four times the diameter of the supply pipe and in no case less than one and one-half inches.
"Approved atmospheric vacuum breaker" means an AVB of make, model, and size that is approved by the department. AVBs that appear on the current approved backflow prevention assemblies list developed by the University of Southern California Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research or that are listed or approved by other nationally recognized testing agencies (such as IAPMO, ANSI, or UL) acceptable to the local administrative authority are considered approved by the department.
"Approved backflow preventer" means an approved air gap, an approved backflow prevention assembly, or an approved AVB. The terms "approved backflow preventer," "approved air gap," or "approved backflow prevention assembly" refer only to those approved backflow preventers relied upon by the purveyor for the protection of the public water system. The requirements of WAC 246-290-490 do not apply to backflow preventers installed for other purposes.
"Approved backflow prevention assembly" means an RPBA, RPDA, DCVA, DCDA, PVBA, or SVBA of make, model, and size that is approved by the department. Assemblies that appear on the current approved backflow prevention assemblies list developed by the University of Southern California Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research or other entity acceptable to the department are considered approved by the department.
"As-built drawing" means the drawing created by an engineer from the collection of the original design plans, including changes made to the design or to the system, that reflects the actual constructed condition of the water system.
"Authorized agent" means any person who:
Makes decisions regarding the operation and management of a public water system whether or not he or she is engaged in the physical operation of the system;
Makes decisions whether to improve, expand, purchase, or sell the system; or
Has discretion over the finances of the system.
"Average day demand (ADD)" means the total quantity of water use from all sources of supply as measured or estimated over a calendar year divided by three hundred sixty-five. ADD is typically expressed as gallons per day per ERU (gpd/ERU).
"Backflow" means the undesirable reversal of flow of water or other substances through a cross-connection into the public water system or consumer's potable water system.
"Backflow assembly tester" means a person holding a valid BAT certificate issued in accordance with chapter 246-292 WAC.
"Backpressure" means a pressure (caused by a pump, elevated tank or piping, boiler, or other means) on the consumer's side of the service connection that is greater than the pressure provided by the public water system and which may cause backflow.
"Backsiphonage" means backflow due to a reduction in system pressure in the purveyor's distribution system and/or consumer's water system.
"Best available technology (BAT)" means the best technology, treatment techniques, or other means that EPA finds, after examination for efficacy under field conditions, are available, taking cost into consideration.
"Blended sample" means a sample collected from two or more individual sources at a point downstream of the confluence of the individual sources and prior to the first connection.
"C" means the residual disinfectant concentration in mg/L at a point before or at the first consumer.
"Category red operating permit" means an operating permit
identified as such ((pursuant to)) under chapter 246-294 WAC. Placement in this category results in permit issuance with
conditions and a determination that the system is inadequate.
"Chemical contaminant treatment facility" means a treatment facility specifically used for the purpose of removing chemical contaminants.
"Clarification" means a treatment process that uses gravity (sedimentation) or dissolved air (flotation) to remove flocculated particles.
"Closed system" means any water system or portion of a water system in which water is transferred to a higher pressure zone closed to the atmosphere, such as when no gravity storage is present.
"Coagulant" means a chemical used in water treatment to destabilize particulates and accelerate the rate at which they aggregate into larger particles.
"Coagulation" means a process using coagulant chemicals and rapid mixing to destabilize colloidal and suspended particles and agglomerate them into flocs.
"Combination fire protection system" means a fire sprinkler system that:
Is supplied only by the purveyor's water;
Does not have a fire department pumper connection; and
Is constructed of approved potable water piping and materials that serve both the fire sprinkler system and the consumer's potable water system.
"Completely treated water" means water from a surface or GWI source that receives filtration or disinfection treatment that fully complies with the treatment technique requirements of Part 6 of this chapter as determined by the department.
"Composite sample" means a sample in which more than one source is sampled individually by the water system and then composited by a certified laboratory by mixing equal parts of water from each source (up to five different sources) and then analyzed as a single sample.
"Comprehensive monitoring plan" means a schedule that describes both the frequency and appropriate locations for sampling of drinking water contaminants as required by state and federal rules.
"Comprehensive performance evaluation (CPE)" means a thorough review and analysis of a treatment plant's performance-based capabilities and associated administrative, operation and maintenance practices. The comprehensive performance evaluation must consist of at least the following components: Assessment of plant performance; evaluation of major unit processes; identification and prioritization of performance limiting factors; assessment of the applicability of comprehensive technical assistance; and preparation of a CPE report.
"Comprehensive technical assistance (CTA)" means technical assistance intended to identify specific steps that may help a water treatment plant overcome operational or design limitations identified during a comprehensive performance evaluation.
"Confirmation" means to demonstrate the accuracy of results of a sample by analyzing another sample from the same location within a reasonable period of time, generally not to exceed two weeks. Confirmation is when analysis results fall within plus or minus thirty percent of the original sample results.
"Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial growth covering a portion or the entire filtration area of a membrane filter in which bacterial colonies are not discrete.
"Conservation program" means policies and activities implemented to encourage or cause efficient use of water on a long-term basis. Conservation programs shall include identification of the conservation objectives of the purveyor, evaluation of conservation measures considered, and identification of specific conservation measures identified for implementation.
"Construction completion report" means a form provided by the department and completed for each specific construction project to document:
• Project construction in accordance with this chapter and general standards of engineering practice;
• Physical capacity changes; and
• Satisfactory test results.
The completed form must be stamped with an engineer's seal, and signed and dated by a professional engineer.
"Consumer" means any person receiving water from a public water system from either the meter, or the point where the service line connects with the distribution system if no meter is present. For purposes of cross-connection control, "consumer" means the owner or operator of a water system connected to a public water system through a service connection.
"Consumer's water system," as used in WAC 246-290-490, means any potable and/or industrial water system that begins at the point of delivery from the public water system and is located on the consumer's premises. The consumer's water system includes all auxiliary sources of supply, storage, treatment, and distribution facilities, piping, plumbing, and fixtures under the control of the consumer.
"Contaminant" means a substance present in drinking water that may adversely affect the health of the consumer or the aesthetic qualities of the water.
"Contingency plan" means that portion of the wellhead protection program section of the water system plan or small water system management program that addresses the replacement of the major well(s) or wellfield in the event of loss due to ground water contamination.
"Continuous monitoring" means determining water quality with automatic recording analyzers that operate without interruption twenty-four hours per day.
"Conventional filtration treatment" means a series of
processes including coagulation, flocculation, clarification,
and filtration that together result in substantial particulate
removal (((> = 2.5 log Giardia lamblia cysts))) in compliance
with Part 6 of this chapter.
"Critical water supply service area (CWSSA)" means a geographical area which is characterized by a proliferation of small, inadequate water systems, or by water supply problems which threaten the present or future water quality or reliability of service in such a manner that efficient and orderly development may best be achieved through coordinated planning by the water utilities in the area.
"Cross-connection" means any actual or potential physical connection between a public water system or the consumer's water system and any source of nonpotable liquid, solid, or gas that could contaminate the potable water supply by backflow.
"Cross-connection control program" means the administrative and technical procedures the purveyor implements to protect the public water system from contamination via cross-connections as required in WAC 246-290-490.
"Cross-connection control specialist" means a person holding a valid CCS certificate issued in accordance with chapter 246-292 WAC.
"Cross-connection control summary report" means the annual report that describes the status of the purveyor's cross-connection control program.
"CT" or "CTcalc" means the product of "residual disinfectant concentration" (C) and the corresponding "disinfectant contact time" (T) i.e., "C" x "T".
"CT99.9" means the CT value required for 99.9 percent (3 log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
"CTreq" means the CT value a system shall provide to achieve a specific percent inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts or other pathogenic organisms of health concern as directed by the department.
"Curtailment" means short-term, infrequent actions by a purveyor and its consumers to reduce their water use during or in anticipation of a water shortage.
"Dead storage" means the volume of stored water not available to all consumers at the minimum design pressure in accordance with WAC 246-290-230 (5) and (6).
"Demand forecast" means an estimate of future water system water supply needs assuming historically normal weather conditions and calculated using numerous parameters, including population, historic water use, local land use plans, water rates and their impacts on consumption, employment, projected conservation savings from implementation of a conservation program, and other appropriate factors.
"Department" means the Washington state department of health or health officer as identified in a joint plan of operation in accordance with WAC 246-290-030(1).
"Design and construction standards" means department design guidance and other peer reviewed documents generally accepted by the engineering profession as containing fundamental criteria for design and construction of water facility projects. Design and construction standards are comprised of performance and sizing criteria and reference general construction materials and methods.
"Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a filtration process for substantial removal of particulates (> 2 log Giardia lamblia cysts) in which:
A precoat cake of graded diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited on a support membrane (septum); and
Water is passed through the cake on the septum while additional filter media, known as body feed, is continuously added to the feed water to maintain the permeability of the filter cake.
"Direct filtration" means a series of processes including
coagulation, flocculation, and filtration (but excluding
sedimentation) that together result in substantial particulate
removal (((> 2 log Giardia lamblia cysts))) in compliance with
Part 6 of this chapter.
"Direct service connection" means a service hookup to a property that is contiguous to a water distribution main and where additional distribution mains or extensions are not needed to provide service.
"Disinfectant contact time (T in CT)" means: When measuring the first or only C, the time in minutes it takes water to move from the point of disinfectant application to a point where the C is measured; and
For subsequent measurements of C, the time in minutes it takes water to move from one C measurement point to the C measurement point for which the particular T is being calculated.
"Disinfection" means the use of chlorine or other agent or process the department approves for killing or inactivating microbiological organisms, including pathogenic and indicator organisms.
"Disinfection profile" means a summary of Giardia lamblia inactivation through a surface water treatment plant.
"Distribution coliform sample" means a sample of water collected from a representative location in the distribution system at or after the first service and analyzed for coliform presence in compliance with this chapter.
"Distribution-related projects" means distribution projects such as storage tanks, booster pump facilities, transmission mains, pipe linings, and tank coating. It does not mean source of supply (including interties) or water quality treatment projects.
"Distribution reservoir" means a water storage structure that is integrated with a water system's distribution network to provide for variable system demands including, but not limited to, daily equalizing storage, standby storage, or fire reserves, or to provide for disinfectant contact time.
"Distribution system" means all piping components of a public water system that serve to convey water from transmission mains linked to source, storage and treatment facilities to the consumer excluding individual services.
"Domestic or other nondistribution system plumbing problem," means contamination of a system having more than one service connection with the contamination limited to the specific service connection from which the sample was taken.
"Drinking water state revolving fund (DWSRF)" means the revolving loan program financed by the state and federal governments and managed by the state for the purpose of assisting water systems to meet their capital needs associated with complying with the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
"Duplicate (verification) sample" means a second sample collected at the same time and location as the first sample and used for verification.
"Emergency" means an unforeseen event that causes damage or disrupts normal operations and requires immediate action to protect public health and safety.
"Emergency source" means any source that is approved by the department for emergency purposes only, is not used for routine or seasonal water demands, is physically disconnected, and is identified in the purveyor's emergency response plan.
"Engineering design review report" means a form provided by the department and completed for a specific distribution-related project to document:
• Engineering review of a project report and/or construction documents under the submittal exception process in accordance with WAC 246-290-125(3); and
• Design in accordance with this chapter and general standards of engineering practice.
The completed form must be stamped with engineer's seal, and signed and dated by a professional engineer.
"Equalizing storage" means the volume of storage needed to supplement supply to consumers when the peak hourly demand exceeds the total source pumping capacity.
"Equivalent residential unit (ERU)" means a system-specific unit of measure used to express the amount of water consumed by a typical full-time single family residence.
"Expanding public water system" means a public water system installing additions, extensions, changes, or alterations to their existing source, transmission, storage, or distribution facilities that will enable the system to increase in size its existing service area and/or its number of approved service connections. Exceptions:
A system that connects new approved individual retail or direct service connections onto an existing distribution system within an existing service area; or
A distribution system extension in an existing service area identified in a current and approved water system plan or project report.
"Filter profile" means a graphical representation of individual filter performance in a direct or conventional surface water filtration plant, based on continuous turbidity measurements or total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run, from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of filter performance while another filter is being backwashed.
"Filtration" means a process for removal of particulate matter from water by passage through porous media.
"Financial viability" means the capability of a water system to obtain sufficient funds to construct, operate, maintain, and manage a public water system, on a continuing basis, in full compliance with federal, state, and local requirements.
"Fire flow" means the maximum rate and duration of water flow needed to suppress a fire under WAC 246-293-640 or as required under local fire protection authority standards.
"Fire suppression storage" means the volume of stored water available during fire suppression activities to satisfy minimum pressure requirements per WAC 246-290-230.
"First consumer" means the first service connection associated with any source (i.e., the point where water is first withdrawn for human consumption, excluding connections where water is delivered to another water system covered by these regulations).
"Flocculation" means a process enhancing agglomeration and collection of colloidal and suspended particles into larger, more easily settleable or filterable particles by gentle stirring.
"Flow-through fire protection system" means a fire sprinkler system that:
Is supplied only by the purveyor's water;
Does not have a fire department pumper connection;
Is constructed of approved potable water piping and materials to which sprinkler heads are attached; and
Terminates at a connection to a toilet or other plumbing fixture to prevent the water from becoming stagnant.
"Grab sample" means a water quality sample collected at a specific instant in time and analyzed as an individual sample.
"Ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GWI)" means any water beneath the surface of the ground that the department determines has the following characteristics:
Significant occurrence of insects or other macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia or for systems serving ten thousand people or more, Cryptosporidium; or
Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH closely correlating to climatological or surface water conditions where natural conditions cannot prevent the introduction of surface water pathogens into the source at the system's point of withdrawal.
"Guideline" means a department document assisting the purveyor in meeting a rule requirement.
"Health officer" means the health officer of the city, county, city-county health department or district, or an authorized representative.
"Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC)" means a procedure to measure a class of bacteria that use organic nutrients for growth. The density of these bacteria in drinking water is measured as colony forming units per milliliter and is referred to as the HPC.
"High health cross-connection hazard" means a cross-connection which could impair the quality of potable water and create an actual public health hazard through poisoning or spread of disease by sewage, industrial liquids or waste.
"Human consumption" means the use of water for drinking, bathing or showering, hand washing, food preparation, cooking, or oral hygiene.
"Hydraulic analysis" means the study of a water system's distribution main and storage network to determine present or future adequacy for provision of service to consumers within the established design parameters for the system under peak flow conditions, including fire flow. The analysis is used to establish any need for improvements to existing systems or to substantiate adequacy of design for distribution system components such as piping, elevated storage, booster stations or similar facilities used to pump and convey water to consumers.
"Inactivation" means a process which renders pathogenic microorganisms incapable of producing disease.
"Inactivation ratio" means the ratio obtained by dividing CTcalc by CTreq.
"Incompletely treated water" means water from a surface or GWI source that receives filtration and/or disinfection treatment that does not fully comply with the treatment technique requirements of Part 6 of this chapter as determined by the department.
"In-line filtration" means a series of processes, including coagulation and filtration (but excluding flocculation and sedimentation) that together result in particulate removal.
"In-premises protection" means a method of protecting the health of consumers served by the consumer's potable water system, located within the property lines of the consumer's premises by the installation of an approved air gap or backflow prevention assembly at the point of hazard, which is generally a plumbing fixture.
"Intertie" means an interconnection between public water systems permitting the exchange or delivery of water between those systems.
"Legionella" means a genus of bacteria containing species which cause a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires' Disease.
"Limited alternative to filtration" means a process that ensures greater removal and/or inactivation efficiencies of pathogenic organisms than would be achieved by the combination of filtration and chlorine disinfection.
"Local administrative authority" means the local official, board, department, or agency authorized to administer and enforce the provisions of the Uniform Plumbing Code as adopted under chapter 19.27 RCW.
"Low health cross-connection hazard" means a cross-connection that could cause an impairment of the quality of potable water to a degree that does not create a hazard to the public health, but does adversely and unreasonably affect the aesthetic qualities of such potable waters for domestic use.
"Major project" means all construction projects subject to SEPA in accordance with WAC 246-03-030 (3)(a) and include all surface water source development, all water system storage facilities greater than one-half million gallons, new transmission lines longer than one thousand feet and larger than eight inches in diameter located in new rights of way and major extensions to existing water distribution systems involving use of pipes greater than eight inches in diameter, that are designed to increase the existing service area by more than one square mile.
"Mandatory curtailment" means curtailment required by a public water system of specified water uses and consumer classes for a specified period of time.
"Maximum contaminant level (MCL)" means the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water the purveyor delivers to any public water system user, measured at the locations identified under WAC 246-290-300, Table 3.
"Maximum contaminant level violation" means a confirmed measurement above the MCL and for a duration of time, where applicable, as outlined under WAC 246-290-310.
"Maximum day demand (MDD)" means the highest actual or estimated quantity of water that is, or is expected to be, used over a twenty-four hour period, excluding unusual events or emergencies. MDD is typically expressed as gallons per day per ERU (gpd/ERU).
"Monitoring waiver" means an action taken by the
department ((pursuant to)) under WAC 246-290-300 (4)(g) or
(7)(f) to allow a water system to reduce specific monitoring
requirements based on a determination of low source
vulnerability to contamination.
"Nested storage" means one component of storage is contained within the component of another.
"Nonacute" means posing a possible or less than immediate risk to human health.
"Nonresident" means a person having access to drinking water from a public water system, but who lives elsewhere. Examples include travelers, transients, employees, students, etc.
"Normal operating conditions" means those conditions associated with the designed, day-to-day provision of potable drinking water that meets regulatory water quality standards and the routine service expectations of the system's consumers at all times, including meeting fire flow demands. Operation under conditions such as power outages, floods, or unscheduled transmission or distribution disruptions, even if considered in the system design, are considered abnormal.
"Operational storage" means the volume of distribution storage associated with source or booster pump normal cycling times under normal operating conditions and is additive to the equalizing and standby storage components, and to fire flow storage if this storage component exists for any given tank.
"Peak hourly demand (PHD)" means the maximum rate of water use, excluding fire flow, that can be expected to occur within a defined service area over a continuous sixty minute time period. PHD is typically expressed in gallons per minute (gpm).
"Peak hourly flow" means, for the purpose of CT calculations, the greatest volume of water passing through the system during any one hour in a day.
"Performance criteria" means the level at which a system shall operate in order to maintain system reliability compliance, in accordance with WAC 246-290-420, and to meet consumers' reasonable expectations.
"Permanent residence" means any dwelling that is, or could reasonably be expected to be, occupied on a continuous basis.
"Permanent source" means a public water system supply source that is used regularly each year, and based on expected operational requirements of the system, will be used more than three consecutive months in any twelve-month period. For seasonal water systems that are in operation for less than three consecutive months per year, their sources shall also be considered to be permanent.
"Point of disinfectant application" means the point where the disinfectant is added, and where water downstream of that point is not subject to contamination by untreated surface water.
"Population served" means the number of persons, resident and nonresident, having immediate access to drinking water from a public water system, whether or not such persons have actually consumed water from that system. The number of nonresidents shall be the average number of persons having immediate access to drinking water on days access was provided during that month. In the absence of specific population data, the number of residents shall be computed by multiplying the number of active services by two and one-half.
"Potable" means water suitable for drinking by the public.
"Potential GWI" means a source identified by the department as possibly under the influence of surface water, and includes, but is not limited to, all wells with a screened interval fifty feet or less from the ground surface at the wellhead and located within two hundred feet of a surface water, and all Ranney wells, infiltration galleries, and springs.
"Premises isolation" means a method of protecting a public water system by installation of approved air gaps or approved backflow prevention assemblies at or near the service connection or alternative location acceptable to the purveyor to isolate the consumer's water system from the purveyor's distribution system.
"Pressure filter" means an enclosed vessel containing properly sized and graded granular media through which water is forced under greater than atmospheric pressure.
"Primary disinfection" means a treatment process for achieving inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms of public health concern to comply with the treatment technique requirements of Part 6 of this chapter.
"Primary standards" means standards based on chronic, nonacute, or acute human health effects.
"Primary turbidity standard" means an accurately prepared formazin solution or commercially prepared polymer solution of known turbidity (prepared in accordance with "standard methods") that is used to calibrate bench model and continuous turbidimeters (instruments used to measure turbidity).
"Project approval application (PAA)" means a department form documenting ownership of water system, design engineer for the project, and type of project.
"Protected ground water source" means a ground water source the purveyor shows to the department's satisfaction as protected from potential sources of contamination on the basis of hydrogeologic data and/or satisfactory water quality history.
"Public water system" is defined and referenced under WAC 246-290-020.
"Purchased source" means water a purveyor purchases from a public water system not under the control of the purveyor for distribution to the purveyor's consumers.
"Purveyor" means an agency, subdivision of the state, municipal corporation, firm, company, mutual or cooperative association, institution, partnership, or person or other entity owning or operating a public water system. Purveyor also means the authorized agents of such entities.
"Reclaimed water" means effluent derived in any part from sewage from a wastewater treatment system that has been adequately and reliably treated, so that as a result of that treatment, it is suitable for beneficial use or a controlled use that would not otherwise occur, and it is no longer considered wastewater.
"Record drawings" means the drawings bearing the seal and signature of a professional engineer that reflect the modifications made to construction documents, documenting actual constructed conditions of the water system facilities.
"Recreational tract" means an area that is clearly defined for each occupant, but has no permanent structures with internal plumbing, and the area has been declared as such in the covenants or on the recorded plat in order to be eligible for reduced design considerations.
"Regional public water supplier" means a water system that provides drinking water to one, or more, other public water systems.
"Regularly" means four hours or more per day for four days or more per week.
"Removal credit" means the level (expressed as a percent or log) of Giardia and virus removal the department grants a system's filtration process.
"Repeat sample" means a sample collected to confirm the results of a previous analysis.
"Resident" means an individual living in a dwelling unit served by a public water system.
"Residual disinfectant concentration" means the analytical level of a disinfectant, measured in milligrams per liter, that remains in water following the application (dosing) of the disinfectant after some period of contact time.
"Same farm" means a parcel of land or series of parcels that are connected by covenants and devoted to the production of livestock or agricultural commodities for commercial purposes and does not qualify as a Group A public water system.
"Sanitary survey" means a review, inspection, and assessment of a public water system by the department or department designee including, but not limited to: Source, facilities, equipment, administration and operation, maintenance procedures, monitoring, recordkeeping, planning documents and schedules, and management practices. The purpose of the survey is to evaluate the adequacy of the water system for producing and distributing safe and adequate drinking water.
"Satellite management agency (SMA)" means a person or entity that is approved by the department to own or operate public water systems on a regional or county-wide basis without the necessity for a physical connection between such systems.
"Seasonal source" means a public water system source used on a regular basis, that is not a permanent or emergency source.
"Secondary standards" means standards based on factors other than health effects.
"Service connection" means a connection to a public water system designed to provide potable water to a single family residence, or other residential or nonresidential population. When the connection provides water to a residential population without clearly defined single family residences, the following formulas shall be used in determining the number of services to be included as residential connections on the WFI form:
Divide the average population served each day by two and one-half; or
Using actual water use data, calculate the total ERUs represented by the service connection in accordance with department design guidance.
In no case shall the calculated number of services be less than one.
"Significant noncomplier" means a system that is violating or has violated department rules, and the violations may create, or have created an imminent or a significant risk to human health. Such violations include, but are not limited to, repeated violations of monitoring requirements, failure to address an exceedance of permissible levels of regulated contaminants, or failure to comply with treatment technique standards or requirements.
"Simple disinfection" means any form of disinfection that requires minimal operational control in order to maintain the disinfection at proper functional levels, and that does not pose safety concerns that would require special care, equipment, or expertise. Examples include hypochlorination, UV-light, contactor chlorination, or any other form of disinfection practice that is safe to use and easy to routinely operate and maintain.
"Slow sand filtration" means a process involving passage of source water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally less than 0.10 gpm/ft2) that results in substantial particulate removal (> 2 log Giardia lamblia cysts) by physical and biological mechanisms.
"Source meter" means a meter that measures total output of a water source over specific time periods.
"Source water" means untreated water that is not subject to recontamination by surface runoff and:
For unfiltered systems, enters the system immediately before the first point of disinfectant application; and
For filtered systems, enters immediately before the first treatment unit of a water treatment facility.
"Special purpose investigation (SPI)" means on-site inspection of a public water system by the department or designee to address a potential public health concern, regulatory violation, or consumer complaint.
"Special purpose sample" means a sample collected for reasons other than the monitoring compliance specified in this chapter.
"Spring" means a source of water where an aquifer comes in contact with the ground surface.
"Standard methods" means the 18th edition of the book, titled Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, jointly published by the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Pollution Control Federation. This book is available through public libraries or may be ordered from AWWA, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235.
"Standby storage" means the volume of stored water available for use during a loss of source capacity, power, or similar short-term emergency.
"State advisory level (SAL)" means a level established by the department and state board of health for a contaminant without an existing MCL. The SAL represents a level that when exceeded, indicates the need for further assessment to determine if the chemical is an actual or potential threat to human health.
"State board of health" and "board" means the board created by RCW 43.20.030.
"Subpart H System" see definition for "surface water system."
"Surface water" means a body of water open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
"Surface water system" means a public water system that uses in whole, or in part, source water from a surface supply, or ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GWI) supply. This includes systems that operate surface water treatment facilities, and systems that purchase "completely treated water" (as defined in this subsection). A "surface water system" is also referred to as a "Subpart H System" in some federal regulatory language adopted by reference and the two terms are considered equivalent for the purposes of this chapter.
"Susceptibility assessment" means the completed Susceptibility Assessment Survey Form developed by the department to evaluate the hydrologic setting of the water source and assess its contribution to the source's overall susceptibility to contamination from surface activities.
"Synthetic organic chemical (SOC)" means a manufactured carbon-based chemical.
"System capacity" means the system's operational, technical, managerial, and financial capability to achieve and maintain compliance with all relevant local, state, and federal plans and regulations.
"System physical capacity" means the maximum number of service connections or equivalent residential units (ERUs) that the system can serve when considering the limitation of each system component such as source, treatment, storage, transmission, or distribution, individually and in combination with each other.
"Time-of-travel" means the time required for ground water to move through the water bearing zone from a specific point to a well.
"Too numerous to count (TNTC)" means the total number of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm diameter membrane filter used for coliform detection.
"Tracer study" means a field study conducted to determine the disinfectant contact time, T, provided by a water system component, such as a clearwell or storage reservoir, used for Giardia lamblia cyst and virus inactivation. The study involves introducing a tracer chemical at the inlet of the contact basin and measuring the resulting outlet tracer concentration as a function of time.
"Transmission line" means pipes used to convey water from source, storage, or treatment facilities to points of distribution or distribution mains, and from source facilities to treatment or storage facilities. This also can include transmission mains connecting one section of distribution system to another section of distribution system as long as this transmission main is clearly defined as such on the plans and no service connections are allowed along the transmission main.
"Treatment technique requirement" means a department-established requirement for a public water system to provide treatment, such as filtration or disinfection, as defined by specific design, operating, and monitoring requirements. A "treatment technique requirement" is established in lieu of a primary MCL when monitoring for the contaminant is not economically or technologically feasible.
"Trihalomethane (THM)" means one of a family of organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane, where three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular structure. THMs may occur when chlorine, a halogen, is added to water containing organic material and are generally found in water samples as disinfection by-products.
"Turbidity event" means a single day or series of consecutive days, not to exceed fourteen, when one or more turbidity measurement each day exceeds 5 NTU.
"T10" means the time it takes ten percent of the water passing through a system contact tank intended for use in the inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts, viruses, and other microorganisms of public health concern, as determined from a tracer study conducted at peak hourly flow or from published engineering reports or guidance documents for similarly configured tanks.
"Unapproved auxiliary water supply" means a water supply (other than the purveyor's water supply) on or available to the consumer's premises that is either not approved for human consumption by the health agency having jurisdiction or is not otherwise acceptable to the purveyor.
"Uncovered distribution reservoir" means a distribution reservoir that is open, without a suitable water-tight roof or cover, where the potable water supply is exposed to external contaminants, including but not limited to people, birds, animals, and insects and will undergo no further treatment except for residual disinfection.
"Uniform Plumbing Code" means the code adopted under RCW 19.27.031(4) and amended under chapter 51-46 WAC. This code establishes statewide minimum plumbing standards applicable within the property lines of the consumer's premises.
"Used water" means water which has left the control of the purveyor.
"Verification" means to demonstrate the results of a sample to be precise by analyzing a duplicate sample. Verification occurs when analysis results fall within plus or minus thirty percent of the original sample.
"Virus" means a virus of fecal origin which is infectious to humans and transmitted through water.
"Volatile organic chemical (VOC)" means a manufactured carbon-based chemical that vaporizes quickly at standard pressure and temperature.
"Voluntary curtailment" means a curtailment of water use requested, but not required of consumers.
"Waterborne disease outbreak" means the significant occurrence of acute infectious illness, epidemiologically associated with drinking water from a public water system, as determined by the appropriate local health agency or the department.
"Water facilities inventory (WFI) form" means the department form summarizing each public water system's characteristics.
"Water right" means a permit, claim, or other authorization, on record with or accepted by the department of ecology, authorizing the beneficial use of water in accordance with all applicable state laws.
"Water right assessment" means an evaluation of the legal ability of a water system to use water for existing or proposed usages in conformance with state water right laws. Such an assessment may be done by a water system, a purveyor, the department of ecology, or any combination thereof.
"Watershed" means the region or area that:
Ultimately drains into a surface water source diverted for drinking water supply; and
Affects the physical, chemical, microbiological, and radiological quality of the source.
"Water shortage" means a situation during which the water supplies of a system cannot meet normal water demands for the system, including peak periods.
"Water shortage response plan" means a plan outlining policies and activities to be implemented to reduce water use on a short-term basis during or in anticipation of a water shortage.
"Well field" means a group of wells one purveyor owns or controls that:
Draw from the same aquifer or aquifers as determined by comparable inorganic chemical analysis and comparable static water level and top of the open interval elevations; and
Discharge water through a common pipe and the common pipe shall allow for collection of a single sample before the first distribution system connection.
"Wellhead protection area (WHPA)" means the portion of a well's, wellfield's or spring's zone of contribution defined as such using WHPA criteria established by the department.
"Zone of contribution" means the area surrounding a pumping well or spring that encompasses all areas or features that supply ground water recharge to the well or spring.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-010, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-010, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-010, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93; 92-04-070 (Order 241B), § 246-290-010, filed 2/4/92, effective 3/6/92. Statutory Authority: Chapter 43.20 RCW. 91-07-031 (Order 150B), § 246-290-010, filed 3/15/91, effective 4/15/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-010, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: P.L. 99-339. 89-21-020 (Order 336), § 248-54-015, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/10/89. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-015, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-015, filed 9/8/83.]
141.2 Definitions. Only those definitions listed as follows:
| Action level; | ||
| Corrosion inhibitor; | ||
| Effective corrosion inhibitor residual; | ||
| Enhanced coagulation; | ||
| Enhanced softening; | ||
| Granular activated carbon (GAC10); | ||
| Haloacetic acids (five) (HAA5); | ||
| First draw sample; | ||
| Large water system; | ||
| Lead service line; | ||
| Maximum residual disinfectant level (MRDL); | ||
| Maximum residual disinfectant level goal (MRDLG); | ||
| Medium-size water system; | ||
| Optimal corrosion control treatment; | ||
| Service line sample; | ||
| Single family structure; (( |
||
| Small water system; | ||
| Specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA); and | ||
| Total Organic Carbon (TOC). | ||
| 141.12 | Maximum contaminant levels for organic chemicals. | |
| 141.13 | Maximum contaminant levels for turbidity. | |
| 141.21 | Coliform monitoring. | |
| 141.22 | Turbidity sampling and analytical requirements. | |
| 141.23(a) - | 141.23(j), Inorganic chemical sampling. | |
| 141.23(m) - | 141.23(o) | |
| 141.24(a) - | 141.24(d), Organic chemicals other than total trihalomethanes. | |
| 141.24 (f)(1) - 141.24 (f)(15), | ||
| 141.24 (f)(18), 141.24 (f)(19), | ||
| 141.24 (f)(21), | ||
| 141.24 (g)(1) - 141.24 (g)(9), | ||
| 141.24 (g)(12) - 141.24 (g)(14), | ||
| 141.24 (h)(1) - 141.24 (h)(11), | ||
| 141.24 (h)(14) - 141.24 (h)(17) | ||
| 141.25(a), | 141.25 (c) - (d), Analytical methods for radioactivity. | |
| 141.26 | Monitoring frequency and compliance for radioactivity in community water systems. | |
| 141.31(d) | Reporting of public notices and compliance certifications. | |
| 141.33(e) | Record maintenance of public notices and certifications. | |
| 141.40(a) - | 141.40(e), Special monitoring for inorganic and organic chemicals. | |
| 141.40(g), 141.40(i ) - 141.40(n) | ||
| 141.61 | Maximum contaminant levels for organic contaminants. | |
| 141.62 | Maximum contaminant levels for inorganic chemical and physical contaminants. | |
| 141.64(c) | Best Available Technologies (BATs) for Disinfection By-Products. | |
| 141.65(c) | Best Available Technologies (BATs) for Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels. | |
| 141.66 | Maximum contaminant levels for radionuclides. | |
| Control of Lead and Copper | ||
| 141.80 | General requirements. | |
| 141.81 | Applicability of corrosion control treatment steps to small, medium-size and large water systems. | |
| 141.82(a) - | 141.82(h) Description of corrosion control treatment requirements. | |
| 141.83 | Source water treatment requirements. | |
| 141.84 | Lead service line replacement requirements. | |
| 141.85 | Public education and supplemental monitoring requirements. | |
| 141.86 (a) - (f) |
Monitoring requirements for lead and copper in tap water. | |
| 141.87 | Monitoring requirements for water quality parameters. | |
| 141.88 | Monitoring requirements for lead and copper in source water. | |
| 141.89 | Analytical methods for lead and copper testing. | |
| 141.90, excluding (a)(4) | Reporting requirements. | |
| 141.91 | Recordkeeping requirements. | |
| (( |
||
| Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products (D/DBP) | ||
| 141.130 | General requirements. | |
| 141.131 | Analytical requirements. | |
| 141.132 | Monitoring requirements. | |
| 141.133 | Compliance. | |
| 141.134 | Reporting and recordkeeping. | |
| 141.135 | Treatment technique for control of disinfection by-product precursors. | |
| Enhanced Filtration - Reporting and Recordkeeping | ||
| 141.175(b) | Individual filter reporting and follow-up action requirements for systems treating surface water with conventional, direct, or in-line filtration and serving at least 10,000 people. | |
| 141.201, excluding (3)(ii) of Table 1 | General public notification requirements. | |
| 141.202,
excluding (3) of Table 1 |
Tier 1 Public Notice - Form, manner, and frequency of notice. | |
| 141.203 | Tier 2 Public Notice - Form, manner, and frequency of notice. | |
| 141.204 | Tier 3 Public Notice - Form, manner, and frequency of notice. | |
| 141.205 | Content of the public notice. | |
| 141.206 | Notice to new billing units or new customers. | |
| 141.207 | Special notice of the availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring results. | |
| 141.208 | Special notice for exceedances of the SMCL for fluoride. | |
| Subpart Q - Public Notification Rule, Appendix A and B | ||
| 143.1 - 143.4 |
Secondary contaminants. | |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-025, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-025, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94.]
(a) The state board of health may grant variances,
exemptions, and waivers of the requirements of this chapter
according to the procedures outlined in subsection (5) of this
section. See WAC 246-290-300 (4)(g) and (((7))) (8)(f) for
monitoring waivers.
(b) Consideration by the board of requests for variances, exemptions, and waivers shall not be considered adjudicative proceedings as that term is defined in chapter 34.05 RCW.
(c) Statements and written material regarding the request
may be presented to the board at or before the public hearing
((wherein)) where the application will be considered. Allowing cross-examination of witnesses shall be within the
discretion of the board.
(d) The board may grant a variance, exemption, or waiver if it finds:
(i) Due to compelling factors, the public water system is unable to comply with the requirements; and
(ii) The granting of the variance, exemption, or waiver will not result in an unreasonable risk to the health of consumers.
(2) Variances.
(a) MCL.
(i) The board may grant a MCL variance to a public water system that cannot meet the MCL requirements because of characteristics of the source water that is reasonably available to the system.
(ii) A MCL variance may only be granted after the system has applied the best available technology (BAT), treatment techniques, or other means as identified by the environmental protection agency (EPA) and still cannot meet an MCL standard as specified in section 1415, Public Law 93-523 (federal Safe Drinking Water Act) as amended by Public Law 99-339 (SDWA amendments of 1986), and Public Law 104-182 (SDWA amendments of 1996), as codified at 42 USC 300g-4.
(iii) A variance shall not be granted from the MCL for presence of total coliform under WAC 246-290-310(2).
(b) Treatment techniques.
(i) The board may grant a treatment technique variance to a public water system if the system demonstrates that the treatment technique is not necessary to protect the health of consumers because of the nature of the system's source water.
(ii) A variance shall not be granted from any treatment technique requirement under Part 6 of chapter 246-290 WAC.
(c) The board shall condition the granting of a variance upon a compliance schedule as described in subsection (6) of this section.
(3) Exemptions.
(a) The board may grant a MCL or treatment technique exemption to a public water system that cannot meet an MCL standard or provide the required treatment in a timely manner, or both, as specified under section 1416, Public Law 93-523 (federal Safe Drinking Water Act) as amended by Public Law 99-339 (SDWA amendments of 1986), and Public Law 104-182 (SDWA amendments of 1996), as codified at 42 USC 300g-4.
(b) An exemption may be granted for up to one year if the system was:
(i) In operation on the effective date of the MCL or treatment technique requirement; or
(ii) Not in operation on the effective date, and no reasonable alternative source of drinking water is available.
(c) No exemption shall be granted from:
(i) The requirement to provide a residual disinfectant concentration in the water entering the distribution system under WAC 246-290-662 or 246-290-692; or
(ii) The MCL for presence of total coliform under WAC 246-290-310(2).
(d) The board shall condition the granting of an exemption upon a compliance schedule as described in subsection (6) of this section.
(4) Waivers. The board may grant a waiver to a public water system if the system cannot meet the requirements of these regulations pertaining to any subject not covered by EPA regulations.
(5) Procedures.
(a) For variances and exemptions. The board shall consider granting a variance or exemption to a public water system upon completion of the following actions:
(i) The purveyor applies in writing to the department. The application, which may be in the form of a letter, shall clearly state the reason for the request and what actions the purveyor has taken to meet the requirement;
(ii) The purveyor provides notice of the purveyor's
application to consumers and provides proof of ((such)) the
notice to the department;
(iii) The department prepares recommendations, including a compliance schedule for the board's consideration;
(iv) The board provides notice for and conducts a public hearing on the purveyor's request; and
(v) EPA reviews any variance or exemption granted by the board for concurrence, revocation, or revision as provided under sections 1415 and 1416 of Public Law 93-523 (federal Safe Drinking Water Act), as amended, codified at 42 USC 300g-4.
(b) For waivers. The board shall consider granting a waiver upon completion of the following actions:
(i) The purveyor applies to the department in writing. The application, which may be in the form of a letter, shall clearly state the reason for the request;
(ii) The purveyor provides notice of the purveyor's
application to consumers and provides proof of ((such)) the
notice to the department;
(iii) The department prepares a recommendation to the board; and
(iv) The board provides notice for and conducts a public hearing on the purveyor's request.
(6) Compliance schedule.
(a) The board shall condition the granting of a variance or exemption based on a compliance schedule. The compliance schedule shall include:
(i) Actions the purveyor shall undertake to comply with a MCL or treatment technique requirement within a specified time period; and
(ii) A description and time-table for implementation of interim control measures the department may require while the purveyor completes the actions required in (a)(i) of this subsection.
(b) The purveyor shall complete the required actions in the compliance schedule within the stated time frame.
(7) Extensions to exemptions.
(a) The board may extend the final date of compliance prescribed in the compliance schedule for a period of up to three years after the date the exemption was granted upon a finding that the water system:
(i) Cannot meet the MCL or treatment technique requirements without capital improvements that cannot be completed within the original exemption period;
(ii) Has entered into an agreement to obtain needed financial assistance for necessary improvements; or
(iii) Has entered into an enforceable agreement to become part of a regional public water system and the system is taking all practicable steps to meet the MCL.
(b) The board may extend the final date of compliance prescribed in the compliance schedule of an exemption for one or more additional two-year periods if the purveyor:
(i) Is a community water system providing water to less than five hundred service connections;
(ii) Needs financial assistance for the necessary improvements; and
(iii) Is taking all practicable steps to meet the compliance schedule.
(c) Procedures listed in subsection (5) of this section shall be followed in the granting of extensions to exemptions.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-060, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-060, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-060, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93; 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-060, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: P.L. 99-339. 89-21-020 (Order 336), § 248-54-055, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/10/89. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-055, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-055, filed 9/8/83.]
(a) Demonstrate the system's operational, technical, managerial, and financial capability to achieve and maintain compliance with relevant local, state, and federal plans and regulations;
(b) Demonstrate how the system will address present and future needs in a manner consistent with other relevant plans and local, state, and federal laws, including applicable land use plans;
(c) Establish eligibility for funding ((pursuant to))
under the drinking water state revolving fund (SRF).
(2) Purveyors of the following categories of community public water systems shall submit a water system plan for review and approval by the department:
(a) Systems having one thousand or more services;
(b) Systems required to develop water system plans under the Public Water System Coordination Act of 1977 (chapter 70.116 RCW);
(c) Any system experiencing problems related to planning, operation, and/or management as determined by the department;
(d) All new systems;
(e) Any expanding system; and
(f) Any system proposing to use the document submittal exception process in WAC 246-290-125.
(3) The purveyor shall work with the department and other parties to establish the level of detail for a water system plan. In general, the scope and detail of the plan will be related to size, complexity, past performance, and use of the water system. Project reports may be combined with a water system plan.
(4) In order to demonstrate system capacity, the water system plan shall address the following elements, as a minimum, for a period of at least twenty years into the future:
(a) Description of the water system, including:
(i) Ownership and management, including the current names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the owners, operators, and emergency contact persons for the system;
(ii) System history and background;
(iii) Related plans, such as coordinated water system plans, abbreviated coordinated water system plans, local land use plans, ground water management plans, and basin plans;
(iv) Service area map, characteristics, agreements, and policies; and
(v) Satellite management, if applicable.
(b) Basic planning data, including:
(i) Current population, service connections, water use, and equivalent residential units; and
(ii) Projected land use, future population, and water demand for a consecutive six-year and final twenty-year planning period within the system's service area.
(c) System analysis, including:
(i) System design standards;
(ii) Water quality analysis;
(iii) System inventory description and analysis; and
(iv) Summary of system deficiencies.
(d) Water resource analysis, including:
(i) Development and implementation of a cost-effective conservation program, which includes evaluation of conservation-oriented water rate structures;
(ii) Water demand forecasts;
(iii) Water use data collection;
(iv) Source of supply analysis, which includes an evaluation of water supply alternatives if additional water rights will be pursued within twenty years;
(v) Water shortage response plan if a water system experiences a water shortage, or anticipates it will experience a water shortage within the next six-year planning period;
(vi) Water right assessment;
(vii) Water supply reliability analysis; and
(viii) Interties.
(e) Source water protection in accordance with WAC 246-290-135.
(f) Operation and maintenance program in accordance with WAC 246-290-415 and 246-290-654(5), as applicable.
(g) Improvement program, including a six-year capital improvement schedule.
(h) Financial program, including demonstration of financial viability by providing:
(i) A summary of past income and expenses;
(ii) A one-year balanced operational budget for systems serving one thousand or more connections or a six-year balanced operational budget for systems serving less than one thousand connections;
(iii) A plan for collecting the revenue necessary to maintain cash flow stability and to fund the capital improvement program and emergency improvements; and
(iv) A rate structure that has considered:
(A) The affordability of water rates; and
(B) The feasibility of adopting and implementing a rate structure that encourages water conservation.
(i) Other documents, such as:
(i) Documentation of SEPA compliance;
(ii) Agreements; and
(iii) Comments from the county and adjacent utilities.
(5) Purveyors intending to implement the project report and construction document submittal exceptions authorized under WAC 246-290-125 must include:
(a) Standard construction specifications for distribution mains; and/or
(b) Design and construction standards for distribution-related projects, including:
(i) Description of project report and construction document internal review procedures, including engineering design review and construction completion reporting requirements;
(ii) Construction-related policies and requirements for external parties, including consumers and developers;
(iii) Performance and sizing criteria; and
(iv) General reference to construction materials and methods.
(6) The department, at its discretion, may require reports from purveyors identifying the progress in developing their water system plans.
(7) Purveyors shall transmit water system plans to adjacent utilities and local governments having jurisdiction, to assess consistency with ongoing and adopted planning efforts.
(8) For community systems, the purveyor shall hold an informational meeting for system consumers prior to departmental approval of a water system plan or a water system plan update. The purveyor shall notify consumers in a way that is appropriate to the size of the system.
(9) Department approval of a water system plan shall be in effect for six years from the date of written approval unless:
(a) Major projects subject to SEPA as defined in WAC 246-03-030 (3)(a) are proposed that are not addressed in the plan;
(b) Changes occur in the basic planning data significantly affecting system improvements identified; or
(c) The department requests an updated plan or plan amendment.
(10) The purveyor shall update the plan and submit it for approval at least every six years. If the system no longer meets the conditions of subsection (2) of this section, the purveyor shall as directed by the department, submit either a plan amendment the scope of which will be determined by the department, or a small water system management program under WAC 246-290-105.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-100, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-100, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-100, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93; 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-100, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-065, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-065, filed 9/8/83.]
(a) Demonstrate the system's operational, technical, managerial, and financial capability to achieve and maintain compliance with all relevant local, state, and federal plans and regulations; and
(b) Establish eligibility for funding ((pursuant to))
under the drinking water state revolving fund (SRF).
(2) All noncommunity and all community systems not required to complete a water system plan as described under WAC 246-290-100(2) shall develop and implement a small water system management program.
(3) The purveyor shall submit this program for review and approval to the department when:
(a) A new NTNC public water system is created; or
(b) An existing system has operational, technical, managerial, or financial problems, as determined by the department.
(4) Content and detail shall be consistent with the size, complexity, past performance, and use of the public water system. General content topics shall include, but not be limited to, the following elements:
(a) System management;
(b) Annual operating permit;
(c) Water facilities inventory form;
(d) Service area and facility map;
(e) Documentation of water rights, through a water right assessment;
(f) Record of source water pumped;
(g) Water usage;
(h) Water conservation program;
(i) Source protection;
(j) Component inventory and assessment;
(k) List of planned system improvements;
(l) Water quality monitoring program;
(m) Operation and maintenance program;
(n) Cross-connection control program;
(o) Emergency response plan; and
(p) Budget.
(5) The department may require changes be made to a small water system management program if necessary to effectively accomplish the program's purpose.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-105, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99.]
(a) Installation of valves, fittings, and meters, including backflow prevention assemblies;
(b) Installation of hydrants in accordance with WAC 246-290-230 (3) and (6);
(c) Repair of a system component or replacement with a component of a similar capacity and material in accordance with the original construction specifications of the approved design; or
(d) Maintenance or painting of surfaces not contacting potable water.
(2) Purveyors may elect to not submit to the department
for review and approval project reports in accordance with WAC 246-290-110 and construction documents in accordance with WAC 246-290-120 for new distribution mains ((providing)) if:
(a) The purveyor ((water system)) has on file with the
department a current department-approved water system plan
that includes standard construction specifications for
distribution mains; and
(b) The purveyor maintains on file a completed construction completion report (departmental form) in accordance with WAC 246-290-120(5) and makes it available for review upon request by the department.
(3) Purveyors may elect to not submit to the department for review and approval project reports in accordance with WAC 246-290-110 and construction documents in accordance with WAC 246-290-120 for review and approval of other distribution-related projects as defined in WAC 246-290-010 providing:
(a) The purveyor has on file with the department a current department-approved water system plan, in accordance with WAC 246-290-100(5);
(b) The purveyor submits a written request with a new water system plan or an amendment to a water system plan, and updates the request with each water system plan update. The written request should specifically identify the types of projects or facilities for which the submittal exception procedure is requested;
(c) The purveyor has documented that they have employed
or hired under contract the services of a professional
engineer licensed in the state of Washington to review
distribution-related projects not submitted to the department
for review and approval. The review engineer and design
engineer shall not be the same individual. The purveyor shall
provide written notification to the department whenever they
((proposed)) propose to change their designated review
engineer;
(d) If the project is a new transmission main, storage tank, or booster pump station, it must be identified in the capital improvement program of the utility's water system plan. If not, either the project report must be submitted to the department for review and approval, or the water system plan must be amended;
(e) A project summary file is maintained by the purveyor for each project and made available for review upon request by the department, and includes:
(i) Descriptive project summary;
(ii) Anticipated completion schedule;
(iii) Consistency with utility's water system plan;
(iv) Water right assessment, where applicable;
(v) Change in system physical capacity;
(vi) Copies of original design and record drawings;
(vii) Engineering design review report (departmental form). The form shall:
(A) Bear the seal, date, and signature of a professional engineer licensed in the state of Washington prior to the start of construction;
(B) Provide a descriptive reference to completed project report and/or construction documents reviewed, including date of design engineer's seal and signature; and
(C) State the project report and/or construction documents have been reviewed, and the design is in accordance with department regulations and principles of standard engineering practice;
(f) The construction completion report is submitted to the department in accordance with WAC 246-290-120(5) for new storage tanks and booster pump stations, and maintained on file with the water system for all other distribution-related projects;
(g) A WFI is completed in accordance with WAC 246-290-120(6); and
(h) The purveyor meets the requirements of chapter 246-294 WAC to have a category "green" operating permit.
(4) Source of supply (including interties) and water quality treatment-related projects shall not be eligible for the submittal exception procedure.
(5) Purveyors not required to prepare a water system plan
under WAC 246-290-100 shall be eligible for the submittal
exception procedure ((provided that)) if the purveyor:
(a) ((They have)) Has a department-approved water system
plan meeting the requirements of WAC 246-290-100; and
(b) ((They comply)) Complies with all other requirements
in this section.
(6) ((Purveyors shall)) Ensures that all work required to
be prepared under the direction of a professional engineer be
accomplished per WAC 246-290-040 and chapter 18.43 RCW.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-125, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99.]
(2) Materials or additives in use prior to the effective
date of these regulations that have not been listed under
ANSI/NSF Standard 60 or 61 ((shall)) may be ((allowed)) used
for their current applications until ((such time that)) the
materials are scheduled for replacement, or that stocks of
existing additives are depleted and scheduled for reorder.
(3) Any treatment chemicals, with the exception of
commercially retailed hypochlorite compounds such as unscented
Clorox, Purex, etc., added to water intended for potable use
((shall)) must comply with ANSI/NSF Standard 60. The maximum
application dosage recommendation for the product certified by
the ANSI/NSF Standard 60 shall not be exceeded in practice.
(4) Any products used to coat, line, seal, patch water
contact surfaces or that have substantial water contact within
the collection, treatment, or distribution systems ((shall))
must comply with the appropriate ANSI/NSF Standard 60 or 61.
Application of these products ((shall)) must comply with
recommendations contained in the product certification.
(5) The department may accept continued use of, and
proposals involving, certain noncertified chemicals or
materials on a case-by-case basis, ((provided)) if all of the
following criteria are met:
(a) The chemical or material has an acknowledged and demonstrable history of use in the state for drinking water applications;
(b) There exists no substantial evidence that the use of the chemical or material has caused consumers to register complaints about aesthetic issues, or health related concerns, that could be associated with leachable residues from the material; and
(c) The chemical or material has undergone testing through a protocol acceptable to the department and has been found to not contribute leachable compounds into drinking water at levels that would be of public health concern.
(6) Any pipe, pipe fittings, fittings, fixtures, solder, or flux used in the installation or repair of a public water system shall be lead-free:
(a) This prohibition shall not apply to leaded joints necessary for the repair of cast iron pipes; and
(b) Within the context of this section, lead-free shall mean:
(i) No more than eight percent lead in pipes and pipe
fittings; ((and))
(ii) No more than two-tenths of one percent lead in solder and flux; and
(iii) Fittings and fixtures that are in compliance with standards established in accordance with 42 USC 300g-6(e).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-220, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-220, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-131, filed 2/17/88.]
(a) The monitoring requirements specified in this section are minimums. The department may require additional monitoring when:
(i) Contamination is present or suspected in the water system;
(ii) A ground water source is determined to be a potential GWI;
(iii) The degree of source protection is not satisfactory;
(iv) Additional monitoring is needed to verify source vulnerability for a requested monitoring waiver;
(v) Under other circumstances as identified in a departmental order; or
(vi) Additional monitoring is needed to evaluate continuing effectiveness of a treatment process where problems with the treatment process may exist.
(b) Special purpose samples collected by the purveyor shall not count toward fulfillment of the monitoring requirements of this chapter unless the quality of data and method of sampling and analysis are acceptable to the department.
(c) The purveyor shall ensure samples required by this
chapter are collected, transported, and submitted for analysis
according to ((department)) EPA-approved methods. The
analyses shall be performed by ((the state public health)) a
laboratory ((or another laboratory certified)) accredited by
the ((department)) state. ((Qualified water utility,
certified laboratory, or health department personnel)) Other
parties approved by the department may conduct measurements
for pH, temperature, residual disinfectant concentration,
alkalinity, bromide, chlorite, TOC, SUVA, and turbidity as
required by this chapter, provided, these measurements are
made in accordance with (("standard methods.")) EPA approved
methods.
(d) Compliance samples required by this chapter shall be taken at locations listed in Table 3 of this section.
(e) Purveyors failing to comply with a monitoring requirement shall notify:
(i) The department in accordance with WAC 246-290-480; and
(ii) The owner or operator of any consecutive system
served and the appropriate water system users in accordance
with ((WAC 246-290-495)) 40 CFR 141.201 and Part 7, Subpart A
of this chapter.
(2) Selling and receiving water.
(a) Source monitoring. Purveyors, with the exception of those that "wheel" water to their consumers (i.e., sell water that has passed through another purchasing purveyor's distribution system), shall conduct source monitoring in accordance with this chapter for the sources under their control. The level of monitoring shall satisfy the monitoring requirements associated with the total population served by the source.
(b) Distribution system monitoring. The purveyor of a system that receives and distributes water shall perform distribution-related monitoring requirements. Monitoring shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(i) Collect coliform samples in accordance with subsection (3) of this section;
(ii) Collect trihalomethane samples ((in accordance
with)) if required by subsection (6) of this section or
disinfection by-product samples if required by subsection (7)
of this section;
(iii) Perform the distribution system residual disinfectant concentration monitoring in accordance with subsection (7) of this section, and as required under WAC 246-290-451 or 246-290-694;
(iv) Perform lead and copper monitoring required under 40 CFR 141.86, 141.87, and 141.88;
(v) Perform the distribution system monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.23(b) for asbestos if applicable;
(vi) Other monitoring as required by the department.
(c) Reduced monitoring for regional programs. The
receiving purveyor may receive reductions in the coliform,
lead and copper, ((THM)) disinfection by-product (including
THMs) and distribution system disinfectant residual
concentration monitoring requirements, provided the receiving
system:
(i) ((Has a satisfactory water quality history as
determined by the department;
(ii) Operates in a satisfactory manner consistent with this chapter;
(iii))) Purchases water from a purveyor that has a department-approved regional monitoring program; and
(((iv))) (ii) Has a written agreement with the supplying
system or regional water supplier that is acceptable to the
department, and which identifies the responsibilities of both
the supplying and receiving system(s) with regards to
monitoring, reporting and maintenance of the distribution
system.
(d) Periodic review of regional programs. The department may periodically review the sampling records of public water systems participating in a department-approved monitoring program to determine if continued reduced monitoring is appropriate. If the department determines a change in the monitoring requirements of the receiving system is appropriate:
(i) The department shall notify the purveyor of the change in monitoring requirements; and
(ii) The purveyor shall conduct monitoring as directed by the department.
(3) Bacteriological.
(a) The purveyor shall be responsible for collection and submittal of coliform samples from representative points throughout the distribution system. Samples shall be collected after the first service and at regular time intervals each month the system provides water to consumers. Samples shall be collected that represent normal system operating conditions.
(i) Systems providing disinfection treatment shall, when taking a routine or repeat sample, measure residual disinfectant concentration within the distribution system at the same time and location and comply with the residual disinfection monitoring requirements under WAC 246-290-451.
(ii) Systems providing disinfection treatment shall assure that disinfectant residual concentrations are measured and recorded on all coliform sample report forms submitted for compliance purposes.
(b) Coliform monitoring plan.
(i) The purveyor shall prepare a written coliform monitoring plan and base routine monitoring upon the plan. The plan shall include coliform sample collection sites and a sampling schedule.
(ii) The purveyor shall:
(A) Keep the coliform monitoring plan on file with the system and make it available to the department for inspection upon request;
(B) Revise or expand the plan at any time the plan no longer ensures representative monitoring of the system, or as directed by the department; and
(C) Submit the plan to the department for review and approval when requested and as part of the water system plan required under WAC 246-290-100.
(c) Monitoring frequency. The number of required routine coliform samples is based on total population served.
(i) Purveyors of community systems shall collect and submit for analysis no less than the number of routine samples listed in Table 2 during each calendar month of operation;
(ii) Unless directed otherwise by the department, purveyors of noncommunity systems shall collect and submit for analysis no less than the number of samples required in Table 2, and no less than required under 40 CFR 141.21. Each month's population shall be based on the average daily population and shall include all residents and nonresidents served during that month. During months when the average daily population served is less than twenty-five, routine sample collection is not required when:
(A) Using only protected ground water sources;
(B) No coliform were detected in samples during the previous month; and
(C) One routine sample has been collected and submitted for analysis during one of the previous two months.
(iii) Purveyors of systems serving both a resident and a nonresident population shall base their minimum sampling requirement on the total of monthly populations served, both resident and nonresident as determined by the department, but no less than the minimum required in Table 2; and
(iv) Purveyors of systems with a nonresident population lasting two weeks or less during a month shall sample as directed by the department. Sampling shall be initiated at least two weeks prior to the time service is provided to consumers.
(v) Purveyors of TNC systems shall not be required to collect routine samples in months where the population served is zero or the system has notified the department of an unscheduled closure.
(d) Invalid samples. When a coliform sample is determined invalid under WAC 246-290-320 (2)(d), the purveyor shall:
(i) Not include the sample in the determination of monitoring compliance; and
(ii) Take follow-up action as defined in WAC 246-290-320 (2)(d).
(e) The purveyor using a surface water or GWI source shall collect representative source water samples for bacteriological density analysis in accordance with WAC 246-290-664 and 246-290-694 as applicable.
TABLE 2
MINIMUM MONTHLY ROUTINE COLIFORM
SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS
| Population Served 1 | Minimum Number of Routine Samples/Calendar Month |
||||||
During Month |
When NO samples with a coliform presence were collected during the previous month |
When ANY
samples with a coliform presence were collected during the previous month |
|||||
| 1 | - | 1,000 | 1 | * | 5 | ||
| 1,001 | - | 2,500 | 2 | * | 5 | ||
| 2,501 | - | 3,300 | 3 | * | 5 | ||
| 3,301 | - | 4,100 | 4 | * | 5 | ||
| 4,101 | - | 4,900 | 5 | 5 | |||
| 4,901 | - | 5,800 | 6 | 6 | |||
| 5,801 | - | 6,700 | 7 | 7 | |||
| 6,701 | - | 7,600 | 8 | 8 | |||
| 7,601 | - | 8,500 | 9 | 9 | |||
| 8,501 | - | 12,900 | 10 | 10 | |||
| 12,901 | - | 17,200 | 15 | 15 | |||
| 17,201 | - | 21,500 | 20 | 20 | |||
| 21,501 | - | 25,000 | 25 | 25 | |||
| 25,001 | - | 33,000 | 30 | 30 | |||
| 33,001 | - | 41,000 | 40 | 40 | |||
| 41,001 | - | 50,000 | 50 | 50 | |||
| 50,001 | - | 59,000 | 60 | 60 | |||
| 59,001 | - | 70,000 | 70 | 70 | |||
| 70,001 | - | 83,000 | 80 | 80 | |||
| 83,001 | - | 96,000 | 90 | 90 | |||
| 96,001 | - | 130,000 | 100 | 100 | |||
| 130,001 | - | 220,000 | 120 | 120 | |||
| 220,001 | - | 320,000 | 150 | 150 | |||
| 320,001 | - | 450,000 | 180 | 180 | |||
| 450,001 | - | 600,000 | 210 | 210 | |||
| 600,001 | - | 780,000 | 240 | 240 | |||
| 780,001 | - | 970,000 | 270 | 270 | |||
| 970,001 | - | 1,230,000 | 3 | 300 | 300 | ||
2 Noncommunity systems using only protected ground water sources and serving less
than 25 individuals, may collect and submit for analysis, one sample every three months.
3 Systems serving populations larger than 1,230,000 shall contact the department for the minimum number of samples required per
month.
*In addition to the provisions of subsection (1)(a) of this section, if a system of this size cannot show evidence of having been subject
to a sanitary survey on file with the department, or has been determined to be at risk to bacteriological concerns following a survey,
the minimum number of samples required per month may be increased by the department after additional consideration of such factors
as monitoring history, compliance record, operational problems, and water quality concerns for the system.
(4) Inorganic chemical and physical.
(a) A complete inorganic chemical and physical analysis shall consist of the primary and secondary chemical and physical substances.
(i) Primary chemical and physical substances are antimony, arsenic, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, nickel, nitrate (as N), nitrite (as N), selenium, sodium, thallium, and for unfiltered surface water, turbidity.
(ii) Secondary chemical and physical substances are chloride, color, hardness, iron, manganese, specific conductivity, silver, sulfate, total dissolved solids*, and zinc.
*
Required only when specific conductivity exceeds seven hundred micromhos/centimeter.
(b) Purveyors shall monitor for all primary and secondary
chemical and physical substances identified in Table 4 and
Table 5. Samples shall be collected in accordance with the
monitoring requirements referenced in 40 CFR 141.23(a) through
141.23(j) and 40 CFR 143.4, except for composite samples for
systems serving less than three thousand three hundred one
persons. For these systems, compositing among different
systems may be allowed if the systems are owned or operated by
a department-approved satellite management agency.
(c) Samples required by this subsection shall be taken at designated locations in accordance with 40 CFR 141.23(a) through 141.23(j), and 40 CFR 143.4, and Table 3 herein.
(i) Wellfield samples shall be allowed from department designated wellfields; and
(ii) In accordance with 40 CFR 141.23 (a)(3), alternate sampling locations may be used if approved by the department. The process for determining these alternate sites is described in department guidance. Purveyors of community and NTNC systems may ask the department to approve an alternate sampling location for multiple sources within a single system that are blended prior to entry to the distribution system. Alternate sampling plans shall address the following:
(A) Source vulnerability;
(B) Individual source characteristics;
(C) Previous water quality information;
(D) Status of monitoring waiver applications; and
(E) Other information deemed necessary by the department.
(d) Composite samples:
(i) In accordance with CFR 141.23 (a)(4), purveyors may ask the certified lab to composite samples representing as many as five individual samples from within one system. Sampling procedures and protocols are outlined in department guidance; and
(ii) For systems serving a population of less than three thousand three hundred one, the department may approve composite sampling between systems when those systems are part of an approved satellite management agency.
(e) When the purveyor provides treatment for one or more inorganic chemical or physical contaminants, the department may require the purveyor to sample before and after treatment. The department shall notify the purveyor if and when this additional source sampling is required.
(f) Inorganic monitoring plans.
(i) Purveyors of community and NTNC systems shall prepare an inorganic chemical monitoring plan and base routine monitoring on the plan.
(ii) The purveyor shall:
(A) Keep the monitoring plan on file with the system and make it available to the department for inspection upon request;
(B) Revise or expand the plan at any time the plan no longer reflects the monitoring requirements, procedures or sampling locations, or as directed by the department; and
(C) Submit the plan to the department for review and approval when requested and as part of the water system plan required under WAC 246-290-100.
(g) Monitoring waivers.
(i) Purveyors may request in writing, a monitoring waiver from the department for any nonnitrate/nitrite inorganic chemical and physical monitoring requirements identified in this chapter.
(ii) Purveyors requesting a monitoring waiver shall comply with applicable subsections of 40 CFR 141.23 (b)(3), 141.23 (c)(3), and 141.40 (n)(4).
(iii) Purveyors shall update and resubmit requests for waiver renewals as applicable during each compliance cycle or period or more frequently as directed by the department.
(iv) Failure to provide complete and accurate information in the waiver application shall be grounds for denial of the monitoring waiver.
(h) The department may require the purveyor to repeat sample for confirmation of results.
(i) Purveyors with emergency and seasonal sources shall monitor those sources when they are in use.
(5) Lead and copper. Monitoring for lead and copper shall be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 141.86 (a) - (f), 141.87, and 141.88.
(6) Trihalomethanes (THMs).
(a) Purveyors of community systems serving ((a population
of)) at least ten thousand ((or more)) people and providing
water treated with chlorine or other halogenated disinfectant
shall monitor as follows:
(i) Ground water sources. Until December 31, 2003, the purveyor shall collect one sample from each treated ground water source every twelve months. This sample shall be taken at the source before treatment and analyzed for maximum total trihalomethane potential (MTTP). The purveyor may receive approval from the department for an alternate sample location if it would provide essentially the same information as an MTTP analysis regarding the levels of THMs that the consumers are, or could potentially be, exposed to in the drinking water. Beginning January 1, 2004, systems that add a chemical disinfectant shall meet the monitoring requirements in subsection (7) of this section.
(ii) Surface water sources. ((The purveyor shall collect
four samples per treated source every three months. The
samples shall be taken within a twenty-four-hour period. The
purveyor shall take one of the samples from the extreme end of
the distribution system, the farthest point possible from the
source of supply, and three samples from representative
intermediate locations in the distribution system. The
samples shall be analyzed for TTHM (i.e., the sum of
trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane,
and tribromomethane). After one year of monitoring, the
department may reduce the monitoring frequency to one sample
every three months per treatment plant if the TTHM levels are
less than 0.10 mg/L. The purveyor shall take the sample at
the extreme end of the distribution system; or)) The purveyor
shall meet the monitoring requirements in subsection (7) of
this section.
(iii) Purchased surface water sources. ((The)) Purveyors
of ((a)) consecutive systems ((shall collect one water sample
per each purchased source originating from a surface supply or
confirmed GWI every three months. The sample shall be taken
at the extreme end of the distribution system and analyzed for
TTHM.)) that add a chemical disinfectant to either the surface
water they purchase, or to additional ground water supplies
they use, shall meet the monitoring requirements in subsection
(7) of this section.
(b) Until December 31, 2003, purveyors of community systems shall monitor for TTHM(s) when serving a population less than ten thousand and providing surface water treated with chlorine or other halogenated disinfectant. The purveyor shall collect one water sample per treated source every three months for one year. The sample shall be taken at the extreme end of the distribution system and analyzed for TTHM(s). After the first year, the purveyor shall monitor surface water sources every thirty-six months. Beginning January 1, 2004, systems that add a chemical disinfectant shall meet the monitoring requirements in subsection (7) of this section.
(c) Until December 31, 2003, purveyors of community systems shall monitor for TTHM(s) when serving less than ten thousand people and purchasing surface water treated with chlorine or other halogenated disinfectant or adding a halogenated disinfectant after purchase. The purveyor shall collect one water sample every three months at the extreme end of the distribution system or at a department-acceptable location. The sample shall be analyzed for TTHM(s). After the first year, the purveyor shall monitor every thirty-six months. Beginning January 1, 2004, systems that add a chemical disinfectant to either the surface water they purchase, or to additional ground water supplies they use, shall meet the monitoring requirements in subsection (7) of this section.
(d) After December 31, 2003, subsection (6) of this section no longer applies to any public water system.
(7) Disinfection by-products (DBP), disinfectant residuals, and disinfection by-product precursors (DBPP). Purveyors of community and NTNC systems providing water treated with chemical disinfectants and TNC systems using chlorine dioxide shall monitor as follows:
(a) General requirements.
(i) Systems shall collect samples during normal operating conditions.
(ii) All monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with the analytical requirements in 40 CFR 141.131.
(iii) Systems may consider multiple wells drawing from a single aquifer as one treatment plant for determining the minimum number of TTHM and HAA5 samples required, with department approval in accordance with department guidance.
(iv) Systems required to monitor under this subsection shall prepare and implement a monitoring plan in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132(f).
(A) Community and NTNC surface water systems that add a chemical disinfectant and serve at least ten thousand people shall submit a monitoring plan to the department.
(B) Community and NTNC surface water systems that add a chemical disinfectant and serve less than ten thousand people, but more than three thousand three hundred people, shall submit a monitoring plan to the department by April 10, 2004.
(C) The department may require submittal of a monitoring plan from systems not specified in subsection (7)(a)(iv)(A) or (B) of this section, and may require revision of any monitoring plan.
(D) Failure to monitor will be treated as a violation for the entire period covered by the annual average where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or averages and the systems' failure to monitor makes it impossible to determine compliance with MCL's or MRDL's.
(b) Disinfection by-products - Community and NTNC systems only.
(i) Compliance dates.
(A) A system that is installing Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) with a minimum ten minutes of empty bed contact time (GAC10) or membrane technology to comply with WAC 246-290-310(5) may apply to the department for an extension of time to comply with this subsection. The extension may not go beyond December 31, 2003.
(B) Surface water systems that serve less than ten thousand people, or systems using only ground water, and that add a chemical disinfectant, including, but not limited to, chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and/or ozone, shall comply with the applicable requirements of this subsection beginning January 1, 2004.
(ii) TTHMs and HAA5.
(A) Systems shall monitor for TTHMs and HAA5 in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(1)(i).
(B) With department approval, systems may reduce monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(1)(ii).
(C) Systems on department-approved reduced monitoring schedules may be required to return to routine monitoring, or initiate increased monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(1)(iii).
(D) The department may return systems on increased monitoring to routine monitoring if, after one year, annual average results for TTHMs and HAA5 are less than or equal to 0.060 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L, respectively, or monitoring results are consistently below the MCLs indicating that increased monitoring is no longer necessary.
(iii) Chlorite - Only systems that use chlorine dioxide.
(A) Systems using chlorine dioxide shall conduct daily and monthly monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(2)(i) and additional chlorite monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(2)(ii).
(B) With department approval, monthly monitoring may be reduced in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(2)(iii)(B). Daily monitoring at entry to distribution required by 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(2)(i)(A) may not be reduced.
(iv) Bromate - Only systems that use ozone.
(A) Systems using ozone for disinfection or oxidation must conduct bromate monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(3)(i).
(B) With department approval, monthly bromate monitoring may be reduced to once per quarter, in accordance with the provisions and requirements of 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(3)(ii) and 40 CFR 141.132(e).
(c) Disinfectant residuals.
(i) Compliance dates.
(A) Community and NTNC surface water systems that add a chemical disinfectant, including, but not limited to, chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and/or ozone, and serve less than ten thousand people, or systems using only ground water, shall comply with the applicable requirements of this section beginning January 1, 2004.
(B) TNC surface water systems that add chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant, and serve less than ten thousand people, or systems using only ground water, shall comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.
(ii) Chlorine and chloramines. Systems that use chlorine or chloramines shall monitor and record the residual disinfectant level in the distribution system in accordance with WAC 246-290-451(6), 246-290-664 (6)(a), or 246-290-694 (8)(a).
(iii) Chlorine dioxide. Community, NTNC, or TNC systems that use chlorine dioxide shall monitor in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (c)(2) and record results.
(d) Disinfection by-product precursors.
(i) Compliance dates.
Community and NTNC surface water systems serving less than ten thousand people using conventional filtration that employs sedimentation shall comply with the applicable requirements of this subsection beginning January 1, 2004.
(ii) Surface water systems that use conventional filtration with sedimentation shall monitor in accordance with 40 CFR 141.132(d), and meet the requirements of 40 CFR 141.135.
(((7))) (8) Organic chemicals.
(a) Purveyors of community and NTNC water systems shall comply with monitoring requirements in accordance with 40 CFR 141.24 (a) - (d), 141.24 (f)(1) - (f)(15), 141.24 (f)(18) - (19), 141.24 (f)(21), 141.24 (g)(1) - (9), 141.24 (g)(12) - (14), 141.24 (h)(1) - (11), 141.24 (h)(14) - (17), 141.40(a), 141.40(d), and 141.40(e).
(b) Sampling locations shall be as defined in 40 CFR 141.24(f), 141.24(g), 141.24(h), 141.40(b) and 141.40(c).
(i) Wellfield samples shall be allowed from department designated wellfields; and
(ii) In accordance with 40 CFR 141.24 (f)(3) and 141.24 (h)(3), alternate sampling locations may be allowed if approved by the department. These alternate locations are described in department guidance. Purveyors may ask the department to approve an alternate sampling location for multiple sources within a single system that are blended prior to entry to the distribution system. The alternate sampling location shall consider the following:
(A) Source vulnerability;
(B) An updated organic monitoring plan showing location of all sources with current and proposed sampling locations;
(C) Individual source characteristics;
(D) Previous water quality information;
(E) Status of monitoring waiver applications; and
(F) Other information deemed necessary by the department.
(c) Composite samples:
(i) Purveyors may ask the certified lab to composite samples representing as many as five individual samples from within one system. Sampling procedures and protocols are outlined in department guidance;
(ii) For systems serving a population of less than three thousand three hundred one, the department may approve composite sampling between systems when those systems are part of an approved satellite management agency.
(d) The department may require the purveyor to sample both before and after treatment for one or more organic contaminants. The department shall notify the purveyor if and when this additional source sampling is required.
(e) Organic chemical monitoring plans.
(i) Purveyors of community and NTNC systems shall prepare an organic chemical monitoring plan and base routine monitoring on the plan.
(ii) The purveyor shall:
(A) Keep the monitoring plan on file with the system and make it available to the department for inspection upon request;
(B) Revise or expand the plan at any time the plan no longer reflects the monitoring requirements, procedures or sampling locations, or as directed by the department; and
(C) Submit the plan to the department for review and approval when requested and as part of the water system plan required under WAC 246-290-100.
(f) Monitoring waivers.
(i) Purveyors may request in writing, a monitoring waiver from the department for any organic monitoring requirement except those relating to unregulated VOCs;
(ii) Purveyors requesting a monitoring waiver shall comply with 40 CFR 141.24 (f)(7), 141.24 (f)(10), 141.24 (h)(6), 141.24 (h)(7) or 141.40 (n)(4);
(iii) Purveyors shall update and resubmit requests for waiver renewals as directed by the department; and
(iv) Failure to provide complete and accurate information in the waiver application shall be grounds for denial of the monitoring waiver.
(g) Purveyors with emergency and seasonal sources shall monitor those sources under the applicable requirements of this section when they are actively providing water to consumers.
(((8))) (9) Unregulated chemicals.
(a) Unregulated inorganic contaminants. Purveyors of community and NTNC systems shall:
(i) Monitor for the unregulated inorganic chemicals listed in 40 CFR 141.40 (n)(12);
(ii) Comply with monitoring methods, frequencies, and sampling locations in accordance with 40 CFR 141.40 (n)(2) through 141.40 (n)(9) and 141.40 (n)(12); and
(iii) Apply in writing for a monitoring waiver according
to the conditions outlined in 40 CFR 141.40 (n)(3), and the
departmental procedures described in subsection (((7))) (8)(f)
of this section.
(b) Unregulated VOCs. Purveyors shall:
(i) Monitor in accordance with 40 CFR 141.40(e) and 141.40(j);
(ii) Comply with monitoring methods, frequency and sampling locations in accordance with 40 CFR 141.40(a) through 141.40(d), 141.40(g) and 141.40(i); and
(iii) Perform repeat monitoring for these compounds in accordance with 40 CFR 141.40(l).
(c) Unregulated SOCs. Purveyors shall:
(i) Monitor for the unregulated SOCs listed in 40 CFR 141.40 (n)(11); and
(ii) Comply with monitoring methods, frequencies, and sampling locations in accordance with 40 CFR 141.40 (n)(1) through 141.40 (n)(9).
Purveyors may request that the department defer this monitoring if a system has less than one hundred fifty service connections.
(d) Purveyors with emergency and seasonal sources shall monitor those sources under the applicable requirements of this section whenever they are actively providing water to consumers.
(((9))) (10) Radionuclides. Monitoring for radionuclides
shall be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 141.26.
(((a) The purveyor's monitoring requirements for gross
alpha particle activity, radium-226 and radium-228 shall be:
(i) Community systems shall monitor once every forty-eight months. Compliance shall be based on the analysis of an annual composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or the average of the analyses of four samples obtained at quarterly intervals;
(ii) The purveyor may omit analysis for radium-226 and radium-228 if the gross alpha particle activity is less than five pCi/L; and
(iii) If the results of the initial analysis are less than half of the established MCL, the department may allow compliance with the monitoring requirements based on analysis of a single sample collected every forty-eight months.
(b) The purveyor's monitoring requirements for man-made radioactivity shall be:
(i) Purveyors of community systems using surface water sources and serving more than one hundred thousand persons and other department-designated water systems shall monitor for man-made radioactivity (beta particle and photon) every forty-eight months. Compliance shall be based on the analysis of a composite of four consecutive quarterly samples or the analysis of four quarterly samples; and
(ii) The purveyor of a water system located downstream from a nuclear facility as determined by the department, shall monitor once every three months for gross beta and iodine-131, and monitor once every twelve months for strontium-90 and tritium. The department may allow the substitution of environmental surveillance data taken in conjunction with a nuclear facility for direct monitoring of man-made radioactivity if the department determines that such data is applicable to a particular public water system.
(10))) (11) Other substances.
On the basis of public health concerns, the department may require the purveyor to monitor for additional substances.
TABLE 3
MONITORING LOCATION
| Sample Type | Sample Location |
|
| Asbestos | One sample from distribution
system or if required by
department, from the source. |
|
| Bacteriological | From representative points
throughout distribution
system. |
|
| Complete Inorganic Chemical & Physical | From a point representative
of the source, after
treatment, and prior to entry
to the distribution system. |
|
| Lead/Copper | From the distribution system
at targeted sample tap
locations. |
|
| Nitrate/Nitrite | From a point representative
of the source, after
treatment, and prior to entry
to the distribution system. |
|
| Total Trihalomethanes -Surface Water (WAC 246-290-300(6) only) | From points at extreme end,
and at intermediate locations,
in the distribution system
from the source after
treatment. |
|
| Potential Trihalomethanes -Ground Water (WAC 246-290-300(6) only) | From the source before
treatment. |
|
| Disinfection By-Products - TTHMs and HAA5 - WAC 246-290-300(7) | In accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(1). | |
| Disinfection By-Products - Chlorite (Systems adding chlorine dioxide) | In accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(2). | |
| Disinfection By-Products - Bromate (Systems adding ozone) | In accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (b)(3). | |
| Disinfectant Residuals - Chlorine and Chloramines | In accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (c)(1). | |
| Disinfectant Residuals - Chlorine dioxide | In accordance with 40 CFR 141.132 (c)(2). | |
| Disinfection Precursors - Total Organic Carbon (TOC) | In accordance with 40 CFR 141.132(d). | |
| Disinfection Precursors - Bromide (Systems using ozone) | From the source before treatment. | |
| Radionuclides | From the source. |
|
| Organic Chemicals | (VOCs & SOCs) | From a point representative
of the source, after treatment
and prior to entry to
distribution system. |
| Other Substances (unregulated chemicals) | From a point representative of the source, after treatment, and prior to entry to the distribution system, or as directed by the department. | |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-300, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-300, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-300, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93; 92-04-070 (Order 241B), § 246-290-300, filed 2/4/92, effective 3/6/92. Statutory Authority: Chapter 43.20 RCW. 91-07-031 (Order 150B), § 246-290-300, filed 3/15/91, effective 4/15/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-300, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: P.L. 99-339. 89-21-020 (Order 336), § 248-54-165, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/10/89. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-165, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-165, filed 9/8/83.]
(a) The purveyor shall be responsible for complying with the standards of water quality identified in this section. If a substance exceeds its maximum contaminant level (MCL) or its maximum residual disinfectant level (MRDL), the purveyor shall take follow-up action in accordance with WAC 246-290-320.
(b) When enforcing the standards described under this section, the department shall enforce compliance with the primary standards as its first priority.
(2) Bacteriological.
(a) MCLs under this subsection shall be considered primary standards.
(b) Notwithstanding subsection (1) of this section, if coliform presence is detected in any sample, the purveyor shall take follow-up action in accordance with WAC 246-290-320(2).
(c) Acute MCL. An acute MCL for coliform bacteria occurs when there is:
(i) Fecal coliform presence in a repeat sample;
(ii) E. coli presence in a repeat sample; or
(iii) Coliform presence in any repeat samples collected
as a follow-up to a sample with fecal coliform or E. coli
presence.
| Note: | For the purposes of the public notification requirements in Part 7, Subpart A of this chapter, an acute MCL is a violation that requires Tier 1 public notification. |
(i) Systems taking less than forty routine samples during the month have more than one sample with coliform presence; or
(ii) Systems taking forty or more routine samples during the month have more than 5.0 percent with coliform presence.
(e) MCL compliance. The purveyor shall determine compliance with the coliform MCL for each month the system provides drinking water to the public. In determining MCL compliance, the purveyor shall:
(i) Include:
(A) Routine samples; and
(B) Repeat samples.
(ii) Not include:
(A) Samples invalidated under WAC ((246-290-694 (1)(c)))
246-290-320 (2)(d); and
(B) Special purpose samples.
(3) Inorganic chemical and physical.
The primary and secondary MCLs are listed in Table 4 and 5:
TABLE 4
INORGANIC CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
| Substance | Primary MCLs (mg/L) |
||
| Antimony (Sb) | 0.006 | ||
| Arsenic (As) | 0.05 | ||
| Asbestos | 7 million fibers/liter (longer than 10 microns) |
||
| Barium (Ba) | 2.0 | ||
| Beryllium (Be) | 0.004 | ||
| Cadmium (Cd) | 0.005 | ||
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.1 | ||
| Copper (Cu) | * | ||
| Cyanide (HCN) | 0.2 | ||
| Fluoride (F) | 4.0 | ||
| Lead (Pb) | * | ||
| Mercury (Hg) | 0.002 | ||
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.1 | ||
| Nitrate (as N) | 1 | 0.0 | |
| Nitrite (as N) | 1.0 | ||
| Selenium (Se) | 0.05 | ||
| Sodium (Na) | * | ||
| Thallium (Tl) | 0.002 | ||
| Substance | Secondary MCLs (mg/L) | ||
| Chloride (Cl) | 25 | 0.0 | |
| Fluoride (F) | 2.0 | ||
| Iron (Fe) | 0.3 | ||
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.05 | ||
| Silver (Ag) | 0.1 | ||
| Sulfate (SO4) | 25 | 0.0 | |
| Zinc (Zn) | 5.0 | ||
Note*
Although the state board of health has not established
MCLs for copper, lead, and sodium, there is sufficient
public health significance connected with copper, lead,
and sodium levels to require inclusion in inorganic
chemical and physical source monitoring. For lead and
copper, the EPA has established distribution system
related levels at which a system is required to consider
corrosion control. These levels, called "action levels,"
are 0.015 mg/L for lead and 1.3 mg/L for copper and
are applied to the highest concentration in ten percent
of all samples collected from the distribution system.
The EPA has also established a recommended level of
twenty mg/L for sodium as a level of concern for those
consumers that may be restricted for daily sodium
intake in their diets.
TABLE 5
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
| Substance | Secondary MCLs |
| Color | 15 Color Units |
| Specific Conductivity | 700 umhos/cm |
| Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) | 500 mg/L |
(a) The department shall consider standards under this subsection primary standards.
(b) The MCL for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) is 0.10 mg/L calculated on the basis of a running annual average of quarterly samples. The concentrations of each of the trihalomethane compounds (trichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and tribromomethane) are totaled to determine the TTHM level.
(c) There is no MCL for maximum total trihalomethane potential (MTTP). When the MTTP value exceeds 0.10 mg/L, the purveyor shall follow up as described under WAC 246-290-320(6).
(((5))) (d) The MCL for total trihalomethanes in this
subsection applies only to monitoring required under WAC 246-290-300(6). After December 31, 2003, this section no
longer applies to any public water system.
(5) Disinfection by-products.
(a) The department shall consider standards under this subsection as primary standards. The MCLs in this subsection apply to monitoring required by WAC 246-290-300(7).
(b) The MCLs for disinfection by-products are as follows:
| Disinfection By-Product | MCL (mg/L) |
| Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) | 0.080 |
| Haloacetic acids (five) (HAA5) | 0.060 |
| Bromate | 0.010 |
| Chlorite | 1.0 |
(6) Disinfectant residuals.
(a) The department shall consider standards under this subsection primary standards. The MRDLs in this subsection apply to monitoring required by WAC 246-290-300(7).
(b) The MRDL for disinfectants is as follows:
| Disinfectant Residual | MRDL (mg/L) |
| Chlorine | 4.0 (as C12) |
| Chloramines | 4.0 (as C12) |
| Chlorine Dioxide | 0.8 (as C1O2) |
(7) Radionuclides.
(a) The department shall consider standards under this subsection primary standards.
(b) The MCLs for radium-226((,)) and radium-228, ((and))
gross alpha particle activity, beta particle and photon
radioactivity ((are:)), and uranium shall be as listed in 40
CFR 141.66.
TABLE 6
| (( |
|
and Radium-228 |
|
activity (excluding uranium) |
(a) The department shall consider standards under this subsection primary standards.
(b) VOCs.
(i) The MCLs for VOCs shall be as listed in 40 CFR 141.61(a).
(ii) The department shall determine compliance with this subsection based on compliance with 40 CFR 141.24(f).
(c) SOCs.
(i) MCLs for SOCs shall be as listed in 40 CFR 141.61(c).
(ii) The department shall determine compliance with this subsection based on compliance with 40 CFR 141.24(h).
(((7))) (9) Other chemicals.
(a) The state board of health shall determine maximum contaminant levels for any additional substances.
(b) Purveyors may be directed by the department to comply with state advisory levels (SALs) for contaminants that do not have a MCL established in chapter 246-290 WAC. SALs shall be:
(i) MCLs that have been promulgated by the EPA, but which have not yet been adopted by the state board of health; or
(ii) State board of health adopted levels for substances recommended by the department and not having an EPA established MCL. A listing of these may be found in the department document titled Procedures and References for the Determination of State Advisory Levels for Drinking Water Contaminants dated June 1996, that has been approved by the state board of health and is available.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-310, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-310, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-310, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93; 92-04-070 (Order 241B), § 246-290-310, filed 2/4/92, effective 3/6/92. Statutory Authority: Chapter 43.20 RCW. 91-07-031 (Order 150B), § 246-290-310, filed 3/15/91, effective 4/15/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-310, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: P.L. 99-339. 89-21-020 (Order 336), § 248-54-175, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/10/89. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-175, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-175, filed 9/8/83.]
(a) When an MCL or MRDL violation occurs, the purveyor shall take follow-up action as described in this section.
(b) When a primary standard violation occurs, the purveyor shall:
(i) Notify the department in accordance with WAC 246-290-480;
(ii) Notify the consumers served by the system and the
owner or operator of any consecutive system served in
accordance with ((WAC 246-290-495)) 40 CFR 141.201 through
208, and Part 7, Subpart A of this chapter;
(iii) Determine the cause of the contamination; and
(iv) Take action as directed by the department.
(c) When a secondary standard violation occurs, the purveyor shall notify the department and take action as directed by the department.
(d) The department may require additional sampling for confirmation of results.
(2) Bacteriological.
(a) When coliform bacteria are present in any sample and the sample is not invalidated under (d) of this subsection, the purveyor shall ensure the following actions are taken:
(i) The sample is analyzed for fecal coliform or E. coli. When a sample with a coliform presence is not analyzed for E. coli or fecal coliforms, the sample shall be considered as having a fecal coliform presence for MCL compliance purposes;
(ii) Repeat samples are collected in accordance with (b) of this subsection;
(iii) The department is notified in accordance with WAC 246-290-480; and
(iv) The cause of the coliform presence is determined and corrected.
(b) Repeat samples.
(i) The purveyor shall collect repeat samples in order to
confirm the original sample results and to determine the cause
of the coliform presence. Additional treatment, such as batch
or shock chlorination, shall not be instituted prior to the
collection of repeat samples unless prior authorization ((is
given)) by the department is given. Following collection of
repeat samples, and before the analytical results are known,
there may be a need to provide interim precautionary treatment
or other means to insure public health protection. The
purveyor shall contact the department to determine the best
interim approach in this situation.
(ii) The purveyor shall collect and submit for analysis a set of repeat samples for every sample in which the presence of coliforms is detected. A set of repeat coliform samples consists of:
(A) Four repeat samples for systems collecting one routine coliform sample each month; or
(B) Three repeat samples for all systems collecting more than one routine coliform sample each month.
(iii) The purveyor shall collect repeat sample sets according to Table 7;
(iv) The purveyor shall collect one set of repeat samples for each sample with a coliform presence. All samples in a set of repeat samples shall be collected on the same day and submitted for analysis within twenty-four hours after notification by the laboratory of a coliform presence, or as directed by the department.
(v) When repeat samples have coliform presence, the purveyor shall:
(A) Contact the department and collect a minimum of one additional set of repeat samples as directed by the department; or
(B) Collect one additional set of repeat samples for each sample where coliform presence was detected.
(vi) The purveyor of a system providing water to consumers via a single service shall collect repeat samples from the same location as the sample with a coliform presence. The set of repeat samples shall be collected:
(A) On the same collection date;
(B) Over consecutive days with one sample collected each day until the required samples in the set of repeat samples are collected; or
(C) As directed by the department.
(vii) If a sample with a coliform presence was collected from the first two or last two active services, the purveyor shall monitor as directed by the department;
(viii) The purveyor may change a previously submitted routine sample to a sample in a set of repeat samples when the purveyor:
(A) Collects the sample within five adjacent service connections of the location from which the initial sample with a coliform presence was collected;
(B) Collects the sample after the initial sample with a coliform presence was submitted for analysis;
(C) Collects the sample on the same day as other samples in the set of repeat samples, except under (b)(iv) of this subsection; and
(D) Requests and receives approval from the department for the change.
(ix) The department may determine that sets of repeat
samples specified under this subsection are not necessary
during a month when a nonacute coliform MCL violation is
determined for the system.
Table 7
REPEAT SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS
| # OF ROUTINE SAMPLES COLLECTED EACH MONTH |
# OF SAMPLES IN A SET OF REPEAT SAMPLES |
LOCATIONS FOR REPEAT SAMPLES (COLLECT AT LEAST ONE SAMPLE PER SITE) |
| 1 | 4 | ♦ Site of previous sample
with a coliform presence ♦ Within 5 active services upstream of site of sample with a coliform presence ♦ Within 5 active services downstream of site of sample with a coliform presence ♦ At any other active service or from a location most susceptible to contamination (i.e., well or reservoir) |
| more than 1 | 3 | ♦ Site of previous sample
with a coliform presence ♦ Within 5 active services upstream of site of sample with a coliform presence ♦ Within 5 active services downstream of site of sample with a coliform presence |
(c) Monitoring frequency following a coliform presence. Systems having one or more coliform presence samples that were not invalidated during the previous month shall collect and submit for analysis the minimum number of samples shown in the last column of Table 2.
(i) The purveyor may obtain a reduction in the monitoring frequency requirement when one or more samples with a coliform presence were collected during the previous month, if the purveyor proves to the satisfaction of the department;
(A) The cause of the sample with a coliform presence; and
(B) The problem is corrected before the end of the next month the system provides water to the public.
(ii) If the monitoring frequency requirement is reduced, the purveyor shall collect and submit at least the minimum number of samples required when no samples with a coliform presence were collected during the previous month.
(d) Invalid samples. Coliform samples may be determined to be invalid under any of the following conditions:
(i) A certified laboratory determines that the sample results show:
(A) Multiple tube technique cultures that are turbid without appropriate gas production;
(B) Presence-absence technique cultures that are turbid in the absence of an acid reaction;
(C) Occurrence of confluent growth patterns or growth of TNTC (too numerous to count) colonies without a surface sheen using a membrane filter analytic technique;
(ii) The analyzing laboratory determines there is excess debris in the sample.
(iii) The analyzing laboratory establishes that improper sample collection or analysis occurred;
(iv) The department determines that a nondistribution system problem has occurred as indicated by:
(A) All samples in the set of repeat samples collected at the same location, including households, as the original coliform presence sample also are coliform presence; and
(B) All other samples from different locations (households, etc.) in the set of repeat samples are free of coliform.
(v) The department determines a coliform presence result is due to a circumstance or condition that does not reflect water quality in the distribution system.
(e) Follow-up action when an invalid sample is determined. The purveyor shall take the following action when a coliform sample is determined to be invalid:
(i) Collect and submit for analysis an additional coliform sample from the same location as each invalid sample within twenty-four hours of notification of the invalid sample; or
(ii) In the event that it is determined that the invalid sample resulted from circumstances or conditions not reflective of distribution system water quality, collect a set of samples in accordance with Table 7; and
(iii) Collect and submit for analysis samples as directed by the department.
(f) Invalidated samples shall not be included in determination of the sample collection requirement for compliance with this chapter.
(3) Inorganic chemical and physical follow-up monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with the following:
(a) For nonnitrate/nitrite primary inorganic chemicals, 40 CFR 141.23 (a)(4), 141.23 (b)(8), 141.23 (c)(7), 141.23 (f)(1), 141.23(g), 141.23(m) and 141.23(n);
(b) For nitrate, 40 CFR 141.23 (a)(4), 141.23 (d)(2), 141.23 (d)(3), 141.23 (f)(2), 141.23(g), 141.23(m), 141.23(n), and 141.23(o);
(c) For nitrite, 40 CFR 141.23 (a)(4), 141.23 (e)(3), 141.23 (f)(2), and 141.23(g); or
(d) The purveyor of any public water system providing service that has secondary inorganic MCL exceedances shall take follow-up action as required by the department. Follow-up action shall be commensurate with the degree of consumer acceptance of the water quality and their willingness to bear the costs of meeting the secondary standard. For new community water systems and new nontransient noncommunity water systems without active consumers, treatment for secondary contaminant MCL exceedances will be required.
(4) Lead and copper follow-up monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 141.85(d), 141.86 (d)(2), 141.86 (d)(3), 141.87(d) and 141.88(b) through 141.88(d).
(5) Turbidity.
Purveyors monitoring turbidity in accordance with Part 6 of this chapter shall provide follow-up in accordance with WAC 246-290-634.
(6) Trihalomethanes. For public water systems subject to WAC 246-290-300(6):
(a) When the average of all samples taken during any twelve-month period exceeds the MCL for total trihalomethanes as referenced in WAC 246-290-310 (4)(b), the violation is confirmed and the purveyor shall take corrective action as required by the department, and consistent with 40 CFR 141.30 (b)(3). When the maximum trihalomethane potential (MTTP) result is equal to or greater than 0.10 mg/L and the result is confirmed by a promptly collected repeat sample, the purveyor shall provide for additional monitoring and take action as directed by the department.
(7) Organic chemicals. Follow-up monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with the following:
(a) For VOCs, 40 CFR 141.24 (f)(11) through 141.24 (f)(15); or
(b) For SOCs, 40 CFR 141.24(b), 141.24(c) and 141.24 (h)(7) through 141.24 (h)(11).
(8) Unregulated inorganic and organic chemicals.
(a) Follow-up monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 141.40 (n)(8) and 141.40 (n)(9).
(b) When an unregulated chemical is verified at a concentration above the detection limit, the purveyor shall:
(i) Submit the sample analysis results to the department within seven days of receipt from the laboratory; and
(ii) Sample the source a minimum of once every three months for one year and then annually thereafter during the three-month period when the highest previous measurement occurred.
(c) If the department determines that an unregulated chemical is verified at a level greater than a SAL, the department shall notify the purveyor in writing. The purveyor shall repeat sample the source as soon as possible after initial department notice that a SAL has been exceeded. The purveyor shall submit the analysis results to the department within seven days of receipt from the laboratory. If any repeat sample confirms that a SAL has been exceeded, the purveyor shall:
(i) Provide consumer information in accordance with ((WAC 246-290-495)) Part 7, Subpart A of this chapter;
(ii) Investigate the cause of the contamination; and
(iii) Take follow-up or corrective action as required by the department.
(d) The department may reduce the purveyor's monitoring requirement for a source detecting an unregulated chemical if the source has been monitored annually for at least three years, and all analysis results are less than the SAL.
(9) Radionuclide follow-up monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 141.26 (a)(2)(iv), 141.26 (a)(3)(ii) through (v), 141.26 (a)(4), 141.26 (b)(6), and 141.26 (c)(5).
(10) The department shall determine the purveyor's follow-up action when a substance not included in this chapter is detected.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-320, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-320, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-320, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93; 92-04-070 (Order 241B), § 246-290-320, filed 2/4/92, effective 3/6/92. Statutory Authority: Chapter 43.20 RCW. 91-07-031 (Order 150B), § 246-290-320, filed 3/15/91, effective 4/15/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-320, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: P.L. 99-339. 89-21-020 (Order 336), § 248-54-185, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/10/89. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-185, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-185, filed 9/8/83.]
(a) For community and nontransient noncommunity water systems, every five years, or more frequently as determined by the department. The sanitary surveys shall be consistent with the schedules presented in 40 CFR 141.21; and
(b) For transient noncommunity water systems, every five years unless the system uses only disinfected ground water and has an approved wellhead protection program, in which case the survey shall be every ten years. The sanitary surveys shall be conducted consistent with schedules presented in 40 CFR 141.21.
(c) For community public water systems that use a surface water or GWI source, every three years. Surveys may be reduced to every five years upon written approval from the department.
(2) All public water system purveyors shall be responsible for:
(a) Ensuring cooperation in scheduling sanitary surveys with the department, or its designee; and
(b) Ensuring the unrestricted availability of all facilities and records at the time of the sanitary survey.
(3) All public water systems that use a surface water or GWI source shall:
(a) Correct deficiencies identified by the department as significant in a written sanitary survey report.
(b) Within forty-five days following receipt of a sanitary survey report that identifies significant deficiencies, identify in writing to the department how the system will correct the deficiencies and propose a schedule to complete the corrections. The department may modify the schedule if necessary to protect the health of water system users.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-416, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99.]
(a) In cases of new construction, drinking water shall not be furnished to the consumer until satisfactory bacteriological samples have been analyzed by a laboratory certified by the state; and
(b) In cases of existing water mains, when the integrity of the main is lost resulting in a significant loss of pressure that places the main at risk to cross-connection contamination, the purveyor shall use standard industry practices such as flushing, disinfection, and/or bacteriological sampling to ensure adequate and safe water quality prior to the return of the line to service;
(c) If a cross-connection is confirmed, the purveyor shall satisfy the reporting requirements as described under WAC 246-290-490(8).
(2) The procedure used for disinfection shall conform to standards published by the American Water Works Association, or other industry standards acceptable to the department.
(3) The purveyor of a system using ground water and required to disinfect, shall meet the following disinfection requirements, unless otherwise directed by the department:
(a) Minimum contact time at a point at or before the first consumer of:
(i) Thirty minutes if 0.2 mg/L free chlorine residual is maintained;
(ii) Ten minutes if 0.6 mg/L free chlorine residual is maintained; or
(iii) Any combination of free chlorine residual concentration (C), measured in mg/L, and contact time (T), measured in minutes, that results in a CT product (C X T) of greater than or equal to six; or
(iv) Contact time (T) for surface water or GWI sources shall be determined in accordance with WAC 246-290-636.
(b) Detectable residual disinfectant concentration in all active parts of the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, free chlorine, combined chlorine, or chlorine dioxide;
(c) Water in the distribution system with an HPC level less than or equal to 500 organisms/mL is considered to have a detectable residual disinfectant concentration.
(4) The department may require the purveyor to provide longer contact times, higher chlorine residuals, or additional treatment to protect the health of consumers served by the public water system.
(5) The purveyor of a system using surface water or GWI shall meet disinfection requirements specified in Part 6 of this chapter.
(6) The purveyor of a system ((providing ground water
disinfection)) adding a chemical disinfectant shall monitor
residual disinfectant concentration at representative points
in the system on a daily basis, and at the same time and
location of routine and repeat coliform sample collection.
Frequency of disinfection residual monitoring may be reduced
upon written request to the department if it can be shown that
disinfection residuals can be maintained on a reliable basis
without the provision of daily monitoring, but shall be no
less frequent than specified in WAC 246-290-300 (3)(a)(i).
(7) The analyses shall be conducted in accordance with "standard methods." To assure adequate monitoring of chlorine residual, the department may require the use of continuous chlorine residual analyzers and recorders.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-451, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99.]
(a) Bacteriological and turbidity analysis results shall be kept for five years. Chemical analysis results shall be kept for as long as the system is in operation. Records of daily source meter readings shall be kept for ten years. Other records of operation and analyses required by the department shall be kept for three years. All records shall bear the signature of the operator in responsible charge of the water system or his or her representative. Systems shall keep these records available for inspection by the department and shall send the records to the department if requested. Actual laboratory reports may be kept or data may be transferred to tabular summaries, provided the following information is included:
(i) The date, place, and time of sampling, and the name of the person collecting the sample;
(ii) Identification of the sample type (routine distribution system sample, repeat sample, source or finished water sample, or other special purpose sample);
(iii) Date of analysis;
(iv) Laboratory and person responsible for performing analysis;
(v) The analytical method used; and
(vi) The results of the analysis.
(b) Records of action taken by the system to correct violations of primary drinking water standards. For each violation, records of actions taken to correct the violation, and copies of public notifications shall be kept for no less than three years after the last corrective action taken.
(c) Copies of any written reports, summaries, or communications relating to sanitary surveys or SPIs of the system conducted by system personnel, by a consultant or by any local, state, or federal agency, shall be kept for ten years after completion of the sanitary survey or SPI involved.
(d) Copies of project reports, construction documents and related drawings, inspection reports and approvals shall be kept for the life of the facility.
(e) Where applicable, daily records of the following shall be kept for a minimum of three years:
(i) Chlorine residual;
(ii) Fluoride level;
(iii) Water treatment plant performance including, but not limited to:
(A) Type of chemicals used and quantity;
(B) Amount of water treated; and
(C) Results of analyses.
(iv) Turbidity;
(v) Source meter readings; and
(vi) Other information as specified by the department.
(f) The purveyor shall retain copies of public notices made in accordance with Part 7, Subpart A of this chapter and certifications made to the department under 40 CFR 141.33(e) for a period of at least three years after issuance.
(g) Purveyors using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration that recycle spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes within their treatment plant shall, beginning no later than June 8, 2004, collect and retain on file the following information for review and evaluation by the department:
(i) A copy of the recycle notification and information submitted to the department in accordance with WAC 246-290-660 (4)(a)(i).
(ii) A list of all recycle flows and the frequency with which they are returned.
(iii) Average and maximum backwash flow rate through the filters and the average and maximum duration of the filter backwash process in minutes.
(iv) Typical filter run length and a written summary of how filter run length is determined.
(v) The type of treatment provided for the recycle flow.
(vi) Data on the physical dimensions of the equalization and/or treatment units, typical and maximum hydraulic loading rates, type of treatment chemicals used and average dose and frequency of use, and frequency at which solids are removed, if applicable.
(2) Reporting.
(a) Unless otherwise specified in this chapter, the
purveyor shall report to the department within forty-eight
hours((:
(i) The failure to comply with the primary standards or treatment technique requirements under this chapter;
(ii) The failure to comply with the monitoring requirements under this chapter; and
(iii) The violation of a primary MCL)) the failure to comply with any national primary drinking water regulation (including failure to comply with any monitoring requirements) as set forth in this chapter. For violations assigned to Tier 1 in WAC 246-290-71001, the department must be notified as soon as possible, but no later than twenty-four hours after the violation is known.
(b) The purveyor shall submit to the department reports required by this chapter, including tests, measurements, and analytic reports. Monthly reports are due before the tenth day of the following month, unless otherwise specified in this chapter.
(c) The purveyor shall submit to the department copies of any written summaries or communications relating to the status of monitoring waivers during each monitoring cycle or as directed by the department.
(d) Source meter readings shall be made available to the department.
(e) Water facilities inventory form (WFI).
(i) Purveyors of community and NTNC systems shall submit an annual WFI update to the department;
(ii) Purveyors of TNC systems shall submit an updated WFI to the department as requested;
(iii) Purveyors shall submit an updated WFI to the department within thirty days of any change in name, category, ownership, or responsibility for management of the water system, or addition of source or storage facilities; and
(iv) At a minimum the completed WFI shall provide the current names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the owners, operators, and emergency contact persons for the system.
(v) Purveyors shall provide in the WFI total annual water production and use, including:
(i) Total annual water production for each source;
(ii) Monthly and annual totals for water purchased from or sold to other purveyors; and
(iii) For purveyors with more than one thousand service connections, monthly and annual totals for purveyor consumer classes. Monthly data may be estimated if the water system bills less frequently than monthly.
(f) Bacteriological.
(i) The purveyor shall notify the department of the presence of:
(A) Coliform in a sample, within ten days of notification by the laboratory; and
(B) Fecal coliform or E. coli in a sample, by the end of the business day in which the purveyor is notified by the laboratory. If the purveyor is notified of the results after normal close of business, then the purveyor shall notify the department before the end of the next business day.
(((ii) When a coliform MCL violation is determined, the
purveyor shall:
(A) Notify the department within twenty-four hours of determining acute coliform MCL violations; and
(B) Notify the department before the end of the next business day when a nonacute coliform MCL is determined.))
(g) Systems monitoring for unregulated ((VOCs))
contaminants in accordance with WAC 246-290-300 (((8)(b)))
(9), shall send a copy of the results of such monitoring ((and
any public notice)) to the department within thirty days of
receipt of analytical results.
(h) Systems monitoring for disinfection by-products in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(7) shall report information to the department as specified in 40 CFR 141.134.
(i) Systems monitoring for disinfectant residuals in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(7) shall report information to the department as specified in subsection (2)(a) of this section, and 40 CFR 141.134(c).
(j) Systems required to monitor for disinfection by-product precursor removal in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(7) shall report information to the department as specified in 40 CFR 141.134(d).
(k) Systems shall submit to the department, in accordance with 40 CFR 141.31(d), a certification that the system has complied with the public notification regulations (Part 7, Subpart A of this chapter) when a public notification is required. Along with the certification, the system shall submit a representative copy of each type of notice.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-480, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-480, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-480, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93; 92-04-070 (Order 241B), § 246-290-480, filed 2/4/92, effective 3/6/92; 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-480, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: P.L. 99-339. 89-21-020 (Order 336), § 248-54-265, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/10/89. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-265, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-265, filed 9/8/83.]
(a) All community water systems shall comply with the cross-connection control requirements specified in this section.
(b) All noncommunity water systems shall apply the
principles and provisions of this section, including
subsection (4)(b) of this section, as applicable to protect
the public water system from contamination via
cross-connections. Noncommunity systems that comply with
subsection (4)(b) of this section and the provisions of WAC
((51-46-0603)) 51-56-0600 of the UPC (which addresses the
installation of backflow preventers at points of water use
within the potable water system) shall be considered in
compliance with the requirements of this section.
(c) The purpose of the purveyor's cross-connection control program shall be to protect the public water system, as defined in WAC 246-290-010, from contamination via cross-connections.
(d) The purveyor's responsibility for cross-connection control shall begin at the water supply source, include all the public water treatment, storage, and distribution facilities, and end at the point of delivery to the consumer's water system, which begins at the downstream end of the service connection or water meter located on the public right-of-way or utility-held easement.
(e) Under the provisions of this section, purveyors are not responsible for eliminating or controlling cross-connections within the consumer's water system. Under chapter 19.27 RCW, the responsibility for cross-connection control within the consumer's water system, i.e., within the property lines of the consumer's premises, falls under the jurisdiction of the local administrative authority.
(2) General program requirements.
(a) The purveyor shall develop and implement a cross-connection control program that meets the requirements of this section, but may establish a more stringent program through local ordinances, resolutions, codes, bylaws, or operating rules.
(b) Purveyors shall ensure that good engineering and public health protection practices are used in the development and implementation of cross-connection control programs. Department publications and the most recently published editions of references, such as, but not limited to, those listed below, may be used as guidance for cross-connection program development and implementation:
(i) Manual of Cross-Connection Control published by the Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research, University of Southern California (USC Manual); or
(ii) Cross-Connection Control Manual, Accepted Procedure and Practice published by the Pacific Northwest Section of the American Water Works Association (PNWS-AWWA Manual).
(c) The purveyor may implement the cross-connection control program, or any portion thereof, directly or by means of a contract with another agency or party acceptable to the department.
(d) The purveyor shall coordinate with the local administrative authority in all matters concerning cross-connection control. The purveyor shall document and describe such coordination, including delineation of responsibilities, in the written cross-connection control program required in (e) of this subsection.
(e) The purveyor shall include a written description of the cross-connection control program in the water system plan required under WAC 246-290-100 or the small water system management program required under WAC 246-290-105. The cross-connection control program shall include the minimum program elements described in subsection (3) of this section.
(f) The purveyor shall ensure that cross-connections between the distribution system and a consumer's water system are eliminated or controlled by the installation of an approved backflow preventer commensurate with the degree of hazard. This can be accomplished by implementation of a cross-connection program that relies on:
(i) Premises isolation as defined in WAC 246-290-010; or
(ii) Premises isolation and in-premises protection as defined in WAC 246-290-010.
(g) Purveyors with cross-connection control programs that rely both on premises isolation and in-premises protection:
(i) Shall comply with the premises isolation requirements specified in subsection (4)(b) of this section; and
(ii) May reduce premises isolation requirements and rely on in-premises protection for premises other than the type not addressed in subsection (4)(b) of this section, if the conditions in (h) of this subsection are met.
(h) Purveyors may rely on in-premises protection only when the following conditions are met:
(i) The in-premises backflow preventers provide a level of protection commensurate with the purveyor's assessed degree of hazard;
(ii) Backflow preventers which provide the in-premises backflow protection meet the definition of approved backflow preventers as described in WAC 246-290-010;
(iii) The approved backflow preventers are installed, inspected, tested (if applicable), maintained, and repaired in accordance with subsections (6) and (7) of this section;
(iv) Records of such backflow preventers are maintained in accordance with subsections (3)(j) and (8) of this section; and
(v) The purveyor has reasonable access to the consumer's premises to conduct an initial hazard evaluation and periodic reevaluations to determine whether the in-premises protection is adequate to protect the purveyor's distribution system.
(i) The purveyor shall take appropriate corrective action within its authority if:
(i) A cross-connection exists that is not controlled commensurate to the degree of hazard assessed by the purveyor; or
(ii) A consumer fails to comply with the purveyor's requirements regarding the installation, inspection, testing, maintenance or repair of approved backflow preventers required by this chapter.
(j) The purveyor's corrective action may include, but is not limited to:
(i) Denying or discontinuing water service to a consumer's premises until the cross-connection hazard is eliminated or controlled to the satisfaction of the purveyor;
(ii) Requiring the consumer to install an approved backflow preventer for premises isolation commensurate with the degree of hazard; or
(iii) The purveyor installing an approved backflow preventer for premises isolation commensurate with the degree of hazard.
(k) Purveyors denying or discontinuing water service to a consumer's premises for one or more of the reasons listed in (i) of this subsection shall notify the local administrative authority prior to taking such action except in the event of an emergency.
(l) The purveyor shall prohibit the intentional return of used water to the purveyor's distribution system. Such water would include, but is not limited to, water used for heating, cooling, or other purposes within the consumer's water system.
(3) Minimum elements of a cross-connection control program.
(a) To be acceptable to the department, the purveyor's cross-connection control program shall include the minimum elements identified in this subsection.
(b) Element 1: The purveyor shall adopt a local ordinance, resolution, code, bylaw, or other written legal instrument that:
(i) Establishes the purveyor's legal authority to implement a cross-connection control program;
(ii) Describes the operating policies and technical provisions of the purveyor's cross-connection control program; and
(iii) Describes the corrective actions used to ensure that consumers comply with the purveyor's cross-connection control requirements.
(c) Element 2: The purveyor shall develop and implement procedures and schedules for evaluating new and existing service connections to assess the degree of hazard posed by the consumer's premises to the purveyor's distribution system and notifying the consumer within a reasonable time frame of the hazard evaluation results. At a minimum, the program shall meet the following:
(i) For new connections made on or after the effective date of these regulations, procedures shall ensure that an initial evaluation is conducted before service is provided;
(ii) For existing connections made prior to the effective date of these regulations, procedures shall ensure that an initial evaluation is conducted in accordance with a schedule acceptable to the department; and
(iii) For all service connections, once an initial evaluation has been conducted, procedures shall ensure that periodic reevaluations are conducted in accordance with a schedule acceptable to the department and whenever there is a change in the use of the premises.
(d) Element 3: The purveyor shall develop and implement procedures and schedules for ensuring that:
(i) Cross-connections are eliminated whenever possible;
(ii) When cross-connections cannot be eliminated, they are controlled by installation of approved backflow preventers commensurate with the degree of hazard; and
(iii) Approved backflow preventers are installed in accordance with the requirements of subsection (6) of this section.
(e) Element 4: The purveyor shall ensure that personnel, including at least one person certified as a CCS, are provided to develop and implement the cross-connection control program.
(f) Element 5: The purveyor shall develop and implement procedures to ensure that approved backflow preventers are inspected and/or tested (as applicable) in accordance with subsection (7) of this section.
(g) Element 6: The purveyor shall develop and implement a backflow prevention assembly testing quality control assurance program, including, but not limited to, documentation of tester certification and test kit calibration, test report contents, and time frames for submitting completed test reports.
(h) Element 7: The purveyor shall develop and implement (when appropriate) procedures for responding to backflow incidents.
(i) Element 8: The purveyor shall include information on cross-connection control in the purveyor's existing program for educating consumers about water system operation. Such a program may include periodic bill inserts, public service announcements, pamphlet distribution, notification of new consumers and consumer confidence reports.
(j) Element 9: The purveyor shall develop and maintain cross-connection control records including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) A master list of service connections and/or consumer's premises where the purveyor relies upon approved backflow preventers to protect the public water system from contamination, the assessed hazard level of each, and the required backflow preventer(s);
(ii) Inventory information on:
(A) Approved air gaps installed in lieu of approved assemblies including exact air gap location, assessed degree of hazard, installation date, history of inspections, inspection results, and person conducting inspections;
(B) Approved backflow assemblies including exact assembly location, assembly description (type, manufacturer, model, size, and serial number), assessed degree of hazard, installation date, history of inspections, tests and repairs, test results, and person performing tests; and
(C) Approved AVBs used for irrigation system applications including location, description (manufacturer, model, and size), installation date, history of inspection(s), and person performing inspection(s).
(iii) Cross-connection program summary reports and backflow incident reports required under subsection (8) of this section.
(k) Element 10: Purveyors who distribute and/or have facilities that receive reclaimed water within their water service area shall meet any additional cross-connection control requirements imposed by the department under a permit issued in accordance with chapter 90.46 RCW.
(4) Approved backflow preventer selection.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that a CCS:
(i) Assesses the degree of hazard posed by the consumer's water system upon the purveyor's distribution system; and
(ii) Determines the appropriate method of backflow
protection for premises isolation in accordance with Table 8.
TABLE 8
APPROPRIATE METHODS OF BACKFLOW PROTECTION FOR PREMISES ISOLATION
| Degree of Hazard | Application Condition | Appropriate Approved Backflow Preventer |
| High health cross-connection hazard | Backsiphonage or backpressure backflow | AG, RPBA, or RPDA |
| Low health cross-connection hazard | Backsiphonage or backpressure backflow | AG, RPBA, RPDA, DCVA, or DCDA |
(b) Premises isolation requirements.
(i) For service connections with remises posing a high health cross-connection hazard including, but not limited to, those premises listed in Table 9, the purveyor shall ensure that an approved air gap or RPBA is installed for premises isolation.
(ii) If the purveyor's CCS determines that no hazard exists for a connection serving premises of the type listed in Table 9, the requirements of (b)(i) of this subsection do not apply.
(iii) The purveyor shall document, on a case-by-case
basis, the reasons for not applying the requirements of (b)(i)
of this subsection to a connection serving premises of the
type listed in Table 9 and include such documentation in the
cross-connection control program summary report required in
subsection (8) of this section.
TABLE 9
HIGH HEALTH CROSS-CONNECTION HAZARD PREMISES REQUIRING PREMISES ISOLATION BY AG OR RPBA
| Agricultural (farms and dairies) |
| Beverage bottling plants |
| Car washes |
| Chemical plants |
| Commercial laundries and dry cleaners |
| Premises where both reclaimed water and potable water are provided |
| Film processing facilities |
| Food processing plants |
| Hospitals, medical centers, nursing homes, veterinary, medical and dental clinics, and blood plasma centers |
| Premises with separate irrigation systems using the purveyor's water supply and with chemical addition+ |
| Laboratories |
| Metal plating industries |
| Mortuaries |
| Petroleum processing or storage plants |
| Piers and docks |
| Radioactive material processing plants or nuclear reactors* |
| Survey access denied or restricted |
| Wastewater lift stations and pumping stations |
| Wastewater treatment plants* |
| Premises with an unapproved auxiliary water supply interconnected with the potable water supply |
| + | For example, parks, playgrounds, golf courses, cemeteries, estates, etc. |
| * | RPBAs for connections serving these premises are acceptable only when used in combination with an in-plant approved air gap; otherwise, the purveyor shall require an approved air gap at the service connection. |
(i) For single-family residential service connections, the purveyor shall comply with the requirements of (b) of this subsection when applicable.
(ii) If the requirements of (b) of this subsection do not
apply and the requirements specified in subsection (2)(h) of
this section are met, the purveyor may rely on backflow
protection provided at the point of hazard in accordance with
WAC ((51-46-0603)) 51-56-0600 of the UPC for hazards such as,
but not limited to:
(A) Irrigation systems;
(B) Swimming pools or spas;
(C) Ponds; and
(D) Boilers.
For example, the purveyor may accept an approved AVB on a residential irrigation system, if the AVB is properly installed in accordance with the UPC.
(d) Backflow protection for fire protection systems.
(i) Backflow protection is not required for residential flow-through or combination fire protection systems constructed of potable water piping and materials.
(ii) For service connections with fire protection systems
other than flow-through or combination systems, the purveyor
shall ensure that backflow protection consistent with WAC
((51-46-0603)) 51-56-0600 of the UPC is installed. The UPC
requires minimum protection as follows:
(A) An RPBA or RPDA for fire protection systems with chemical addition or using unapproved auxiliary water supply; and
(B) A DCVA or DCDA for all other fire protection systems.
(iii) For new connections made on or after the effective date of these regulations, the purveyor shall ensure that backflow protection is installed before water service is provided.
(iv) For existing fire protection systems:
(A) With chemical addition or using unapproved auxiliary supplies, the purveyor shall ensure that backflow protection is installed within ninety days of the purveyor notifying the consumer of the high health cross-connection hazard or in accordance with an alternate schedule acceptable to the purveyor.
(B) Without chemical addition, without on-site storage, and using only the purveyor's water (i.e., no unapproved auxiliary supplies on or available to the premises), the purveyor shall ensure that backflow protection is installed in accordance with a schedule acceptable to the purveyor or at an earlier date if required by the agency administering the Uniform Building Code as adopted under chapter 19.27 RCW.
(C) When establishing backflow protection retrofitting schedules for fire protection systems that have the characteristics listed in (d)(iv)(B) of this subsection, the purveyor may consider factors such as, but not limited to, impacts of assembly installation on sprinkler performance, costs of retrofitting, and difficulty of assembly installation.
(e) Purveyors may require backflow preventers commensurate with the degree of hazard determined by the purveyor to be installed for premises isolation for connections serving premises that have characteristics such as, but not limited to, the following:
(i) Complex plumbing arrangements or plumbing potentially subject to frequent changes that make it impracticable to assess whether cross-connection hazards exist;
(ii) A repeated history of cross-connections being established or reestablished; or
(iii) Cross-connection hazards are unavoidable or not correctable, such as, but not limited to, tall buildings.
(5) Approved backflow preventers.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that all backflow prevention assemblies relied upon by the purveyor are models included on the current list of backflow prevention assemblies approved for use in Washington state. The current approved assemblies list is available from the department upon request.
(b) The purveyor may rely on testable backflow prevention assemblies that are not currently approved by the department, if the assemblies:
(i) Were included on the department and/or USC list of approved backflow prevention assemblies at the time of installation;
(ii) Have been properly maintained;
(iii) Are commensurate with the purveyor's assessed degree of hazard; and
(iv) Have been inspected and tested at least annually and have successfully passed the annual tests.
(c) The purveyor shall ensure that an unlisted backflow prevention assembly is replaced by an approved assembly commensurate with the degree of hazard, when the unlisted assembly:
(i) Does not meet the conditions specified in (b)(i) through (iv) of this subsection;
(ii) Is moved; or
(iii) Cannot be repaired using spare parts from the original manufacturer.
(d) The purveyor shall ensure that AVBs meet the definition of approved atmospheric vacuum breakers as described in WAC 246-290-010.
(6) Approved backflow preventer installation.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that approved backflow preventers are installed in the orientation for which they are approved (if applicable).
(b) The purveyor shall ensure that approved backflow preventers are installed in a manner that:
(i) Facilitates their proper operation, maintenance, inspection, and/or in-line testing (as applicable) using standard installation procedures acceptable to the department such as those in the USC Manual or PNWS-AWWA Manual;
(ii) Ensures that the assembly will not become submerged due to weather-related conditions such as flooding; and
(iii) Ensures compliance with all applicable safety regulations.
(c) The purveyor shall ensure that approved backflow assemblies for premises isolation are installed at a location adjacent to the meter or property line or an alternate location acceptable to the purveyor.
(d) When premises isolation assemblies are installed at an alternate location acceptable to the purveyor, the purveyor shall ensure that there are no connections between the point of delivery from the public water system and the approved backflow assembly, unless the installation of such a connection meets the purveyor's cross-connection control requirements and is specifically approved by the purveyor.
(e) The purveyor shall ensure that approved backflow preventers are installed in accordance with the following time frames:
(i) For new connections made on or after the effective date of these regulations, the following conditions shall be met before service is provided:
(A) The provisions of subsection (3)(d)(ii) of this section; and
(B) Satisfactory completion of a test by a BAT in accordance with subsection (7) of this section.
(ii) For existing connections where the purveyor identifies a high health cross-connection hazard, the provisions of (3)(d)(ii) of this section shall be met:
(A) Within ninety days of the purveyor notifying the consumer of the high health cross-connection hazard; or
(B) In accordance with an alternate schedule acceptable to the purveyor.
(iii) For existing connections where the purveyor identifies a low health cross-connection hazard, the provisions of subsection (3)(d)(ii) of this section shall be met in accordance with a schedule acceptable to the purveyor.
(f) The purveyor shall ensure that bypass piping installed around any approved backflow preventer is equipped with an approved backflow preventer that:
(i) Affords at least the same level of protection as the approved backflow preventer that is being bypassed; and
(ii) Complies with all applicable requirements of this section.
(7) Approved backflow preventer inspection and testing.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that:
(i) A CCS inspects backflow preventer installations to ensure that protection is provided commensurate with the assessed degree of hazard;
(ii) Either a BAT or CCS inspects:
(A) Air gaps installed in lieu of approved backflow prevention assemblies for compliance with the approved air gap definition; and
(B) Backflow prevention assemblies for correct installation and approval status.
(iii) A BAT tests approved backflow prevention assemblies for proper operation.
(b) The purveyor shall ensure that inspections and/or tests of approved air gaps and approved backflow assemblies are conducted:
(i) At the time of installation;
(ii) Annually after installation, or more frequently, if required by the purveyor for connections serving premises or systems that pose a high health cross-connection hazard or for assemblies that repeatedly fail;
(iii) After a backflow incident; and
(iv) After an assembly is repaired, reinstalled, or relocated or an air gap is replumbed.
(c) The purveyor shall ensure that inspections of AVBs installed on irrigation systems are conducted:
(i) At the time of installation;
(ii) After a backflow incident; and
(iii) After repair, reinstallation, or relocation.
(d) The purveyor shall ensure that approved backflow prevention assemblies are tested using procedures acceptable to the department, such as those specified in the most recently published edition of the USC Manual. When circumstances, such as, but not limited to, configuration or location of the assembly, preclude the use of USC test procedures, the purveyor may allow, on a case-by-case basis, the use of alternate (non-USC) test procedures acceptable to the department.
(e) The purveyor shall ensure that results of backflow prevention assembly inspections and tests are documented and reported in a manner acceptable to the purveyor.
(f) The purveyor shall ensure that an approved backflow prevention assembly or AVB, whenever found to be improperly installed, defective, not commensurate with the degree of hazard, or failing a test (if applicable) is properly reinstalled, repaired, overhauled, or replaced.
(g) The purveyor shall ensure that an approved air gap, whenever found to be altered or improperly installed, is properly replumbed or, if commensurate with the degree of hazard, is replaced by an approved RPBA.
(8) Recordkeeping and reporting.
(a) Purveyors shall keep cross-connection control records for the following time frames:
(i) Records pertaining to the master list of service connections and/or consumer's premises required in subsection (3)(j)(i) of this section shall be kept as long as the premises pose a cross-connection hazard to the purveyor's distribution system;
(ii) Records regarding inventory information required in subsection (3)(j)(ii) of this section shall be kept for five years or for the life of the approved backflow preventer whichever is shorter; and
(iii) Records regarding backflow incidents and annual summary reports required in subsection (3)(j)(iii) of this section shall be kept for five years.
(b) Purveyors may maintain cross-connection control records in original form or transfer data to tabular summaries.
(c) Purveyors may maintain records or data in any media, such as paper, film, or electronic format.
(d) The purveyor shall complete the cross-connection control program summary report annually. Report forms and guidance on completing the report are available from the department.
(e) The purveyor shall make all records and reports required in subsection (3)(j) of this section available to the department or its representative upon request.
(f) The purveyor shall notify the department, local administrative authority, and local health jurisdiction as soon as possible, but no later than the end of the next business day, when a backflow incident is known by the purveyor to have:
(i) Contaminated the public water system; or
(ii) Occurred within the premises of a consumer served by the purveyor.
(g) The purveyor shall:
(i) Document details of backflow incidents on a form acceptable to the department such as the backflow incident report form included in the most recent edition of the PNWS-AWWA Manual; and
(ii) Include all backflow incident report(s) in the annual cross-connection program summary report referenced in (d) of this subsection, unless otherwise requested by the department.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-490, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 91-02-051 (Order 124B), recodified as § 246-290-490, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: P.L. 99-339. 89-21-020 (Order 336), § 248-54-285, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/10/89. Statutory Authority: RCW 34.04.045. 88-05-057 (Order 307), § 248-54-285, filed 2/17/88. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 83-19-002 (Order 266), § 248-54-285, filed 9/8/83.]
(a) Giardia lamblia;
(b) Viruses;
(c) Heterotrophic plate count bacteria;
(d) Legionella; ((and))
(e) Cryptosporidium for systems serving at least ten thousand people; and
(f) Turbidity.
(2) For water systems using unfiltered surface sources, in whole or part, and that have been required to install, but have yet to complete the installation and operation of, filtration facilities, the turbidity levels at entry points to distribution and sampling/analytical requirements shall be in accordance with 40 CFR 141.13 and 40 CFR 141.22, respectively.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-601, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-601, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(2) The purveyor shall install and properly operate water treatment processes to ensure at least:
(a) 99.9 percent (3 log) removal and/or inactivation of
Giardia lamblia cysts; ((and))
(b) 99.99 percent (4 log) removal and/or inactivation of viruses; and
(c) 99 percent (2 log) removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts if required to filter.
(3) The purveyor shall ensure that the requirements of subsection (2) of this section are met between a point where the source water is not subject to contamination by untreated surface water and a point at or before the first consumer.
(4) The department may require higher levels of removal and/or inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and viruses than specified in subsection (2) of this section if deemed necessary to protect the health of consumers served by the system.
(5) The purveyor shall ensure that personnel operating a system subject to Part 6 of chapter 246-290 WAC meet the requirements under chapter 70.119 RCW and chapter 246-292 WAC.
(6) The purveyor of a Group A community system serving water from a surface or GWI source to the public before January 1, 1991, shall comply with applicable minimum treatment requirements. The purveyor shall meet either:
(a) The filtration and disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-660 and 246-290-662 respectively;
(b) The criteria to remain unfiltered under WAC 246-290-690 and the disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-692; or
(c) The criteria to provide a limited alternative to filtration under WAC 246-290-691 and the disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-692.
(7) The purveyor of a Group A noncommunity system serving water from a surface or GWI source, shall meet either:
(a) The filtration and disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-660 and 246-290-662, respectively; or
(b) The criteria to provide a limited alternative to filtration under WAC 246-290-691 and the disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-692.
(8) The purveyor of a Group A system first serving water from a surface or GWI source to the public after December 31, 1990, shall meet either:
(a) The filtration and disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-660 and 246-290-662, respectively; or
(b) The criteria to provide a limited alternative to filtration under WAC 246-290-691 and the disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-692.
(9) The purveyor of a system required to install filtration may choose to provide a limited alternative to filtration or abandon the surface or GWI source as a permanent or seasonal source and develop an alternate, department-approved source. Purveyors that develop alternate ground water sources or purchase water from a department-approved public water system using a ground water source shall no longer be subject to Part 6 of chapter 246-290 WAC, once the alternate source is approved by the department and is on line.
(10) A purveyor that chooses to provide a limited alternative to filtration shall submit an application to the department that contains the information necessary to determine whether the source can meet the criteria.
(11) If a limited alternative to filtration is provided, then the purveyor shall install and properly operate treatment processes to ensure greater removal and/or inactivation efficiencies of Giardia lamblia cysts, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms of public health concern (including Cryptosporidium oocysts) than would be achieved by the combination of filtration and chlorine disinfection.
(12) Systems that were required to develop a disinfection profile under 40 CFR 141.172 shall provide that profile and a calculated disinfection benchmark, as described in 40 CFR 141.172 (c)(2) and (3), along with other project information specified in WAC 246-290-110, when proposing any change to the disinfection treatment system. The proposal for change shall include an analysis of how the proposed change will affect the current level of disinfection. The profile must also be available for inspection during routine sanitary surveys conducted under WAC 246-290-416.
(13) A system using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration that must arrange for the conduct of a comprehensive performance evaluation (CPE), in accordance with 40 CFR 141.175 (b)(4), may be required to arrange for comprehensive technical assistance (CTA). The department will determine the need for CTA on a case-by-case basis.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 99-07-021 and 99-10-076, § 246-290-630, filed 3/9/99 and 5/4/99, effective 4/9/99 and 6/4/99; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-630, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(1) Shall report to the department in accordance with:
(a) WAC 246-290-666 for purveyors providing filtration or required to filter;
(b) WAC 246-290-674 for purveyors installing filtration; or
(c) WAC 246-290-696 for purveyors meeting the criteria to remain unfiltered or providing a limited alternative to filtration;
(2) Shall notify the public in accordance with ((WAC 246-290-495)) Part 7, Subpart A of this chapter;
(3) Shall determine the cause of the violation;
(4) Shall take action as directed by the department; and
(5) May be subject to enforcement under WAC 246-290-050.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-634, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-634, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) A person certified under chapter 246-292 WAC;
(b) An analyst, with experience conducting these measurements, from the state public health laboratory or another laboratory certified by the department; or
(c) A state or local health agency professional experienced in conducting these measurements.
(2) The purveyor shall ensure that measurements for
temperature, turbidity, pH, and residual disinfectant
concentration are made in accordance with "standard
methods((.))," or other EPA approved methods.
(3) The purveyor shall ensure that samples for coliform and HPC analysis are:
(a) Collected and transported in accordance with department-approved methods; and
(b) Submitted to the state public health laboratory or
another laboratory certified by the department to conduct
((such)) the analyses.
(4) Turbidity monitoring.
(a) The purveyor shall equip the system's water treatment facility laboratory with a:
(i) Bench model turbidimeter; and
(ii) Continuous turbidimeter and recorder if required under WAC 246-290-664 or 246-290-694.
(b) The purveyor shall ensure that bench model and continuous turbidimeters are:
(i) Designed to meet the criteria in "standard methods," EPA Method 180.1, or Great Lakes Instruments Method 2; and
(ii) Properly operated, calibrated, and maintained at all times in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(c) The purveyor shall validate continuous turbidity measurements for accuracy as follows:
(i) Calibrate turbidity equipment based upon a primary standard in the expected range of measurements; and
(ii) Verify continuous turbidimeter performance on a weekly basis, not on consecutive days, with grab sample measurements made using a properly calibrated bench model turbidimeter.
(d) When continuous turbidity monitoring equipment fails, the purveyor shall measure turbidity on grab samples collected at least every four hours from the combined filter effluent and individual filters while the system serves water to the public and the equipment is being repaired or replaced. The purveyor shall have continuous monitoring equipment on-line within five working days of failure.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-638, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-638, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
Table 10
FILTRATION OPERATION CRITERIA
| FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY/MEDIA | MAXIMUM FILTRATION RATE (gpm/ft(( |
| Conventional, Direct and In-Line | |
| Gravity Filters with Single Media | 3 |
| Gravity Filters with Deep Bed, Dual or Mixed Media | 6 |
| Pressure Filters with Single Media | 2 |
| Pressure Filters with Deep Bed, Dual or Mixed Media | 3 |
| Slow Sand | 0.1 |
| Diatomaceous Earth | 1.0 |
(3) The purveyor using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration shall demonstrate treatment effectiveness for Giardia lamblia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst removal by one of the following methods:
(a) Turbidity reduction method ((where source and
filtered water turbidity measurements are made in accordance
with WAC 246-290-664 (2) and (3) respectively:
(i) When source turbidity is greater than or equal to 2.5 NTU, the purveyor shall achieve the turbidity performance requirements specified in WAC 246-290-660(1); or
(ii) When source turbidity is less than 2.5 NTU, the purveyor shall achieve:)).
(i) The purveyor shall make source and filtered water turbidity measurements in accordance with WAC 246-290-664 (2) and (3) respectively.
(ii) The purveyor shall achieve:
(A) The turbidity performance requirements specified in WAC 246-290-660(1) and at least an eighty percent reduction in source turbidity based on an average of the daily turbidity reductions measured in a calendar month; or
(B) An average daily filtered water turbidity less than or equal to 0.1 NTU.
(b) Particle counting method. The purveyor shall:
(i) Use a particle counting protocol acceptable to the department; and
(ii) Demonstrate at a frequency acceptable to the department at least the following log reduction of particles in the size range of five to fifteen microns (Giardia lamblia cyst-sized particles) and three to five microns (Cryptosporidium oocyst-sized particles), as applicable:
(A) 2.5 log reduction in Giardia lamblia cyst-sized particles and a 2 log reduction in Cryptosporidium particles for systems using conventional filtration; or
(B) 2.0 log reduction for systems using direct or in-line filtration.
(c) Microscopic particulate analysis method. The purveyor shall:
(i) Use a protocol acceptable to the department; and
(ii) Demonstrate at a frequency acceptable to the
department at least the following log reduction of Giardia
lamblia cysts and((/)) Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia
lamblia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst surrogate indicators
as applicable:
(A) 2.5 log reduction in Giardia lamblia cysts or surrogates and a 2 log reduction in Cryptosporidium oocyst or surrogates for systems using conventional filtration; and
(B) 2.0 log reduction for systems using direct or in-line filtration.
(d) Other methods acceptable to the department.
(4) The purveyor shall ensure continuous disinfection of all water delivered to the public and shall:
(a) Maintain an adequate supply of disinfection chemicals and keep back-up system components and spare parts on hand;
(b) Develop, maintain, and post at the water treatment facility a plan detailing:
(i) How water delivered to the public will be continuously and adequately disinfected; and
(ii) The elements of an emergency notification plan to be implemented whenever the residual disinfectant concentration at entry to distribution falls below 0.2 mg/L for more than one hour.
(c) Implement ((such)) the plan during an emergency
affecting disinfection.
(5) Operations program.
(a) For each water treatment facility treating a surface or GWI source, the purveyor shall develop an operations program and make it available to the department for review upon request.
(b) The program shall be submitted to the department as an addendum to the purveyor's water system plan (WAC 246-290-100) or small water system management program (WAC 246-290-105).
(c) The program shall detail how the purveyor will produce optimal filtered water quality at all times the water treatment facility produces water to be served to the public.
(d) The purveyor shall operate the water treatment facility in accordance with the operations program.
(e) The operations program shall include, but not be limited to, a description of:
(i) For conventional, direct or in-line filtration, procedures used to determine and maintain optimized coagulation as demonstrated by meeting the requirements of WAC 246-290-654(3);
(ii) Procedures used to determine chemical dose rates;
(iii) How and when each unit process is operated;
(iv) Unit process equipment maintenance program;
(v) Treatment plant performance monitoring program;
(vi) Laboratory procedures;
(vii) Records;
(viii) Reliability features; and
(ix) Response plans for water treatment facility emergencies, including disinfection failure and watershed emergencies.
(f) The purveyor shall ensure the operations program is:
(i) Readily available at the water treatment facility for use by operators and for department inspection;
(ii) Consistent with department guidelines for operations procedures such as those described in department guidance on surface water treatment and water system planning; and
(iii) Updated as needed to reflect current water treatment facility operations.
(6) Pressure filters. Purveyors using pressure filters shall:
(a) Inspect and evaluate the filters, at least every six months, for conditions that would reduce their effectiveness in removing Giardia lamblia cysts;
(b) Maintain, and make available for department review, a written record of pressure filter inspections; and
(c) Be prepared to conduct filter inspections in the presence of a department representative, if requested.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-654, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-654, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-654, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that the turbidity level of representative filtered water samples:
(i) Complies with the performance standards in Table 11; and
(ii) Never exceeds 5.0 NTU for any system using slow sand, diatomaceous earth, or for any system serving less than ten thousand people and using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration.
(iii) Never exceeds 1.0 NTU for any system serving at least ten thousand people and using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration.
(iv) Never exceeds the maximum allowable turbidity determined by the department on a case-by-case basis for any system using an alternate filtration technology approved under WAC 246-290-676 (2)(b).
| Filtration Technology | Filtered water turbidity (in NTUs) shall be less than or equal to this value in at least 95% of the measurements made each calendar month | |
| Systems serving < 10,000 people | Systems serving > 10,000 people | |
| Conventional, Direct and In-line | 0.50 | 0.30 |
| Slow Sand | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Diatomaceous Earth | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Alternate Technology | As determined by the department through case-by-case approval of technology, in accordance with WAC 246-290-676 (2)(b). | |
(2) Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, and virus removal credit.
(a) The department shall notify the purveyor of the removal credit granted for the system's filtration process. The department shall specify removal credit for:
(i) Existing filtration facilities based on periodic evaluations of performance and operation; and
(ii) New or modified filtration facilities based on results of pilot plant studies or full scale operation.
(b) Conventional, direct, and in-line filtration.
(i) The removal credit the department may grant to a system using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration and demonstrating effective treatment is as follows:
| (( |
||||||
| Percent Removal Credit (log) | ||||||
| Filtration Technology | Giardia | Virus | Cryptosporidium | |||
| Percent | log | Percent | log | Percent | log | |
| Conventional | 99.7 | 2.5 | 99 | 2.0 | 99 | 2.0 |
| Direct and in-line | 99 | 2.0 | 90 | 1.0 | 99 | 2.0 |
(ii) A system using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration shall be considered to provide effective treatment, if the purveyor demonstrates to the satisfaction of the department that the system meets the:
(A) Turbidity performance requirements under subsection (1) of this section; and
(B) Operations requirements of WAC 246-290-654.
(iii) The department may grant a higher level of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, and virus removal credit than listed under (b)(i) of this subsection, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that the higher level can be consistently achieved.
(iv) As a condition of maintaining the maximum removal credit, purveyors may be required to periodically monitor one or more parameters not routinely monitored under WAC 246-290-664. The department shall notify the purveyor of the type and frequency of monitoring to be conducted.
(v) The department shall not grant removal credit to a system using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration that:
(A) Fails to meet the minimum turbidity performance requirements under subsection (1) of this section; or
(B) Fails to meet the operating requirements under WAC 246-290-654.
(c) Slow sand filtration.
The department may grant a system using slow sand filtration 99 percent (2 log) Giardia lamblia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst removal credit and 99 percent (2 log) virus removal credit, if the system meets the department design requirements under WAC 246-290-676 and meets the minimum turbidity performance requirements in subsection (1) of this section.
(d) Diatomaceous earth filtration.
The department may grant a system using diatomaceous earth filtration 99 percent (2 log) Giardia lamblia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst removal credit and 90 percent (1 log) virus removal credit, if the system meets the department design requirements under WAC 246-290-676 and meets the minimum turbidity performance requirements in subsection (1) of this section.
(e) Alternate filtration technology.
The department shall grant, on a case-by-case basis, Giardia lamblia cyst, Cryptosporidium oocyst, and virus removal credit for systems using alternate filtration technology based on results of product testing acceptable to the department.
(f) The purveyor granted no Giardia lamblia cyst removal credit and no Cryptosporidium oocyst removal credit shall:
(i) Provide treatment in accordance with WAC 246-290-662 (2) (d); and
(ii) Within ninety days of department notification regarding removal credit, submit an action plan to the department for review and approval. The plan shall:
(A) Detail how the purveyor plans to comply with the turbidity performance requirements in subsection (1) of this section and operating requirements of WAC 246-290-654; and
(B) Identify the proposed schedule for implementation.
(iii) Be considered in violation of the treatment technique specified in WAC 246-290-632 (2)(a)(i) and shall take follow-up action specified in WAC 246-290-634.
(3) Disinfection by-product precursor removal requirements.
(a) Conventional systems using sedimentation shall meet the treatment technique requirements for control of disinfection by-product precursors specified in 40 CFR 141.135.
(i) Applicability of this requirement shall be determined in accordance with 40 CFR 141.135(a).
(ii) Enhanced coagulation shall be provided in accordance with 40 CFR 141.135(b), if applicable.
(iii) Compliance with the treatment technique requirements for control of disinfection by-product precursors shall be determined in accordance with 40 CFR 141.135(c).
(b) For the purposes of compliance with (a) of this subsection, sedimentation shall be considered applicable when:
(i) Surface overflow rates and other design parameters are in conformance with traditionally accepted industry standards and textbook values, such as those prescribed in nationally accepted standards, including the most recent version of the Recommended Standards for Water Works, A Committee Report of the Great Lakes - Upper Mississippi River Board of State Public Health and Environmental Managers; and
(ii) The system has received pathogen removal credit for the sedimentation basin.
(4) Filter backwash recycling requirements.
(a) By no later than December 8, 2003, purveyors using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration must report to the department, in writing, whether they recycle spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes within the treatment plant.
(i) Purveyors that do recycle spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes must also report the following information:
(A) A plant schematic showing the origin of all flows that are recycled (including, but not limited to, spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, and liquids from dewatering processes), the hydraulic conveyance (i.e., pipe, open channel) used to transport them, and the location where they are reintroduced back into the treatment plant.
(B) Typical recycle flow in gallons per minute (gpm), the highest observed plant flow experienced in the previous year (gpm), design flow for the treatment plant (gpm), and the approved operating capacity for the plant.
(b) By no later than June 8, 2004, purveyors using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration that recycle spent filter backwash water, thickener supernatant, or liquids from dewatering processes within the treatment plant shall:
(i) Return the recycled flow prior to, or concurrent with the location where primary coagulant is introduced into the flow stream.
(ii) By no later than June 8, 2006, complete any capital improvements (physical modifications requiring engineering planning, design, and construction) necessary to meet the requirements of (b)(i) of this subsection.
(iii) On a case-by-case basis, the department may approve an alternate location for the return of recycle flows.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-660, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-660, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-660, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) The purveyor shall provide continuous disinfection to ensure that filtration and disinfection together achieve, at all times the system serves water to the public, at least the following:
(i) 99.9 percent (3 log) inactivation and removal of Giardia lamblia cysts; and
(ii) 99.99 percent (4 log) inactivation and/or removal of viruses.
(b) Where sources receive sewage discharges and/or agricultural runoff, purveyors may be required to provide greater levels of removal and inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses to protect the health of consumers served by the system.
(c) Regardless of the removal credit granted for filtration, purveyors shall, at a minimum, provide continuous disinfection to achieve at least 68 percent (0.5 log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99 percent (2 log) inactivation of viruses.
(2) Establishing the level of inactivation.
(a) The department shall establish the level of disinfection (log inactivation) to be provided by the purveyor.
(b) The required level of inactivation shall be based on source quality and expected levels of Giardia lamblia cyst and virus removal achieved by the system's filtration process.
(c) Based on periodic reviews, the department may adjust, as necessary, the level of disinfection the purveyor shall provide to protect the health of consumers served by the system.
(d) Systems granted no Giardia lamblia cyst removal
credit((.)) and no Cryptosporidium oocyst removal credit
shall:
(i) Unless directed otherwise by the department, ((the
purveyor of a system granted no Giardia lamblia cyst removal
credit shall)) provide interim disinfection to:
(A) ((To)) Ensure compliance with the monthly coliform
MCL under WAC 246-290-310;
(B) Achieve at least 99.9 percent (3 log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts; and
(C) Maintain a detectable residual disinfectant concentration, or an HPC level less than 500 organisms/ml, within the distribution system in accordance with subsection (6) of this section.
(ii) ((The purveyor shall)) Comply with the interim
disinfection requirements until the system can demonstrate to
the department's satisfaction that it complies with the
operating requirements and turbidity performance requirements
under WAC 246-290-654 and 246-290-660(1), respectively.
(3) Determining the level of inactivation.
(a) Unless the department has approved a reduced CT monitoring schedule for the system, each day the system serves water to the public, the purveyor, using procedures and CT values acceptable to the department such as those presented in department guidance of surface water treatment, shall determine:
(i) CTcalc values using the system's treatment parameters and calculate the total inactivation ratio achieved by disinfection; and
(ii) Whether the system's disinfection process is achieving the minimum levels of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses required by the department.
(b) The department may allow a purveyor to determine the level of inactivation using lower CT values than those specified in (a) of this subsection, provided the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that the required levels of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses can be achieved.
(4) Determining compliance with the required level of inactivation.
(a) A purveyor shall be considered in compliance with the inactivation requirement when a total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is achieved.
(b) Failure to provide the required level of inactivation on more than one day in any calendar month shall be considered a treatment technique violation.
(5) Residual disinfectant concentration entering the distribution system.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that all water entering the distribution system contains a residual disinfectant concentration, measured as free or combined chlorine, of at least 0.2 mg/L at all times the system serves water to the public; and
(b) Failure to provide a 0.2 mg/L residual at entry to distribution for more than four hours on any day shall be considered a treatment technique violation.
(6) Residual disinfectant concentration within the distribution system.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that the residual disinfectant concentration in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, free chlorine, combined chlorine, or chlorine dioxide, is detectable in at least ninety-five percent of the samples taken each calendar month.
(b) Water in the distribution system with an HPC less than or equal to 500 organisms/ml is considered to have a detectable residual disinfectant concentration for the purposes of compliance with WAC 246-290-662 (6)(a).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-662, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-662, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-662, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that source water samples of each surface or GWI source are:
(i) Collected before the first point of disinfectant application and before coagulant chemical addition; and
(ii) Analyzed for fecal coliform density in accordance with methods acceptable to the department.
(b) At a minimum, the purveyor shall ensure source samples are collected for fecal coliform analysis at a frequency equal to ten percent of the number of routine coliform samples collected within the distribution system each month under WAC 246-290-300, or once per calendar month, whichever is greater up to a maximum of one sample per day.
(2) Source turbidity monitoring.
(a) The purveyor using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration shall measure source turbidity at least once per day on a representative sample collected before disinfection and coagulant addition.
(b) Grab sampling or continuous turbidity monitoring and recording may be used to meet the requirement specified in (a) of this subsection.
(c) Purveyors using continuous turbidity monitoring shall record continuous turbidity measurements at equal intervals, at least every four hours, in accordance with a department-approved sampling schedule.
(d) Purveyors using an approved alternate filtration technology may be required to monitor source water turbidity at least once per day on a representative sample as determined by the department.
(3) Filtered water turbidity monitoring.
(a) The purveyor using direct, conventional, or in-line filtration shall:
(i) Continuously monitor turbidity on representative
samples from each individual filter unit and ((of)) from the
system's combined filter effluent, prior to clearwell storage;
(ii) For systems serving at least ten thousand people,
record continuous turbidity measurements from each individual
filter unit at equal intervals((,)) of at least every fifteen
minutes, and for all systems, from the combined filter
effluent at equal intervals of at least every four hours, in
accordance with a department-approved sampling schedule; and
(iii) Conduct monitoring in accordance with the analytical techniques under WAC 246-290-638.
(b) The purveyor using slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration shall:
(i) Continuously monitor turbidity on representative samples from each individual filter unit and from the system's combined filter effluent, prior to clearwell storage;
(ii) Record continuous turbidity measurements from the combined filter effluent at equal intervals of at least every four hours in accordance with a department-approved sampling schedule; and
(iii) Conduct monitoring in accordance with the analytical techniques under WAC 246-290-638.
(c) Purveyors using an alternate filtration technology approved under WAC 246-290-676 shall provide monitoring in accordance with the technology-specific approval conditions determined by the department.
(d) Purveyors using slow sand filtration or an alternate filtration technology may reduce filtered water turbidity monitoring to one grab sample per day with departmental approval. Reduced turbidity monitoring shall be allowed only where the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that a reduction in monitoring will not endanger the health of consumers served by the water system.
(4) Monitoring the level of inactivation and removal.
(a) Each day the system is in operation, the purveyor
shall determine the total level of inactivation and removal of
Giardia lamblia cysts ((and)), viruses, and Cryptosporidium
oocysts achieved.
(b) The purveyor shall determine the total level of inactivation and removal based on:
(i) Giardia lamblia cyst, Cryptosporidium oocyst, and virus removal credit granted by the department for filtration; and
(ii) Level of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses achieved through disinfection.
(c) At least once per day, purveyors shall monitor the following to determine the level of inactivation achieved through disinfection:
(i) Temperature of the disinfected water at each residual disinfectant concentration sampling point used for CT calculations; and
(ii) If using chlorine, pH of the disinfected water at each chlorine residual disinfectant concentration sampling point used for CT calculations.
(d) Each day during peak hourly flow (based on historical information), the purveyor shall:
(i) Determine disinfectant contact time, T, to the point at which C is measured; and
(ii) Measure the residual disinfectant concentration, C, of the water at the point for which T is calculated. The C measurement point shall be located before or at the first consumer.
(e) The department may reduce CT monitoring requirements for purveyors that demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that the required levels of inactivation are consistently exceeded. Reduced CT monitoring shall only be allowed where the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that a reduction in monitoring will not endanger the health of consumers.
(5) Monitoring the residual disinfectant concentration entering the distribution system.
(a) Systems serving more than thirty-three hundred people per month.
(i) The purveyor shall continuously monitor and record the residual disinfectant concentration of water entering the distribution system and report the lowest value each day.
(ii) If the continuous monitoring equipment fails, the purveyor shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration on grab samples collected at least every four hours at the entry to the distribution system while the equipment is being repaired or replaced. The purveyor shall have continuous monitoring equipment back on-line within five working days following failure.
(b) Systems serving thirty-three hundred or less people per month.
(i) The purveyor shall collect grab samples or use continuous monitoring and recording to measure the residual disinfectant concentration entering the distribution system.
(ii) Purveyors of community systems choosing to take grab samples shall collect:
(A) Samples at the following minimum frequencies:
| Population Served | Number/day | |||
| 25 | - | 500 | 1 | |
| 501 | - | 1,000 | 2 | |
| 1,001 | - | 2,500 | 3 | |
| 2,501 | - | 3,300 | 4 | |
(C) The remaining samples evenly spaced over the time the system is disinfecting water that will be delivered to the public.
(iii) Purveyors of noncommunity systems choosing to take grab samples shall collect samples for disinfectant residual concentration entering the distribution system as directed by the department.
(iv) When grab samples are collected and the residual disinfectant concentration at the entry to distribution falls below 0.2 mg/L, purveyors shall collect a grab sample every four hours until the residual disinfectant concentration is 0.2 mg/L or more.
(6) Monitoring residual disinfectant concentrations within the distribution system.
(a) The purveyor shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration at representative points within the distribution system on a daily basis or as otherwise approved by the department.
(b) At a minimum, the purveyor shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration within the distribution system at the same time and location that a routine or repeat coliform sample is collected in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(3) or 246-290-320(2).
(c) The purveyor may measure HPC within the distribution system in lieu of measuring the residual disinfectant concentration in accordance with this subsection.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-664, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-664, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-664, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) A waterborne disease outbreak potentially attributable to the water system occurs;
(b) The turbidity of the combined filter effluent exceeds 5.0 NTU at any time for any system using slow sand, diatomaceous earth, or for any system serving less than ten thousand people and using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration;
(c) The turbidity of the combined filter effluent exceeds 1.0 NTU at any time for a system serving at least ten thousand people and using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration;
(d) The turbidity of the combined filter effluent exceeds the maximum specified level for an alternative filtration technology approved by the department;
(((c))) (e) The residual disinfection concentration falls
below 0.2 mg/L at the entry point to the distribution system. The purveyor shall also report whether the residual was
restored to 0.2 mg/L or more within four hours; or
(((d))) (f) An event occurs that may affect the ability
of the water treatment facility to produce drinking water that
complies with this chapter including, but not limited to:
(i) Spills of hazardous materials in the watershed; and
(ii) Treatment process failures.
(2) The purveyor shall report results of monitoring conducted in accordance with WAC 246-290-664 to the department. Monthly report forms shall be submitted within ten days after the end of each month the system served water to the public.
(3) The purveyor shall report, at a minimum, all the information requested by the department using a department-approved form or format including:
(a) Water treatment facility operations information;
(b) Turbidity monitoring results, including:
(i) Source monitoring, if required under WAC 246-290-664(2);
(ii) Combined filter effluent. Continuous measurements shall be reported at equal intervals, at least every four hours, in accordance with a department-approved schedule;
(iii) Individual filter turbidity monitoring results. Systems serving at least ten thousand people and using conventional, direct, or in-line filtration shall report and take follow-up action as prescribed in 40 CFR 141.175(b). Required follow-up action may include development of a filter profile, a filter self-assessment, as described in 40 CFR 141.175 (b)(4), or the completion of a comprehensive performance evaluation (CPE).
(c) Disinfection monitoring information including:
(i) Level of inactivation achieved;
(ii) Residual disinfectant concentrations entering the distribution system; and
(iii) Residual disinfectant concentrations within the distribution system.
(d) Total level of removal and inactivation; and
(e) A summary of water quality complaints received from consumers served by the water system.
(4) A person certified under chapter 246-292 WAC shall complete and sign the monthly report forms required in this section.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-666, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-666, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-666, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) Ensure compliance with the monthly coliform MCL under WAC 246-290-310;
(b) Achieve inactivation levels of Giardia lamblia cysts on a daily basis each month the system serves water to the public as directed by the department; and
(c) Maintain a detectable residual disinfectant concentration in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, free chlorine, or combined chlorine in 95 percent or more of the samples taken each calendar month. Water in the distribution system with an HPC level less than or equal to 500 organisms/ml is considered to have a detectable residual disinfectant concentration for the purposes of compliance with this subsection.
(2) Failure to provide the required level of inactivation in subsection (1)(b) of this section on more than one day in any calendar month shall be considered a treatment technique violation.
(3) The department may require the purveyor to provide higher levels of treatment than specified in subsection (1)(b) of this section when necessary to protect the health of consumers served by the public water system.
(4) Interim treatment requirements shall be met in accordance with a schedule acceptable to the department.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-672, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-672, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) Conduct interim monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 141.22;
(b) Measure the residual disinfectant concentration within the distribution system at the same time and location that a routine or repeat sample is collected in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(3) or 246-290-320(2); and
(c) Measure residual disinfection concentrations at entry to the distribution system on a daily basis, or as directed by the department.
(2) Reporting.
(a) The purveyor installing filtration shall report to
the department as soon as possible, but no later than ((the
end of the next business day, when)) twenty-four hours after
the purveyor learns of any of the following events:
(i) A waterborne disease outbreak potentially attributable to the water system occurs;
(ii) The turbidity of water delivered to the public exceeds 5.0 NTU; or
(iii) The interim disinfection requirements under WAC 246-290-672 are not met.
(b) The purveyor shall report results of monitoring to the department. Monthly report forms shall be submitted within ten days after the end of each month the system served water to the public.
(c) The purveyor shall report, at a minimum, all the information requested by the department using a department-approved form or format including:
(i) Water quality information, including results of monitoring in accordance with WAC 246-290-300 and 246-290-320;
(ii) Disinfection monitoring information;
(iii) A summary of water quality complaints received from consumers served by the system.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-674, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-674, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) The purveyor proposing to construct new water treatment facilities or to make additions to existing water treatment facilities for surface and GWI sources shall ensure that the facilities comply with the treatment, design, and reliability requirements of Part 6 of chapter 246-290 WAC.
(b) The purveyor shall submit an engineering report to the department describing how the treatment facilities will be designed to comply with the requirements specified in Subparts A, B, and C of Part 6 of chapter 246-290 WAC.
(2) Filtration technology.
(a) The purveyor shall select a filtration technology acceptable to the department using criteria such as those outlined in department guidance on surface water treatment. The following filtration technologies are considered acceptable:
(i) Conventional;
(ii) Direct;
(iii) Diatomaceous earth; and
(iv) Slow sand.
(b) In addition to the technologies specified in subsection (1) of this section, alternate filtration technologies may be acceptable, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction all of the following:
(i) Through acceptable third party testing, that system components do not leach or otherwise add substances to the finished water that would violate drinking water standards, or otherwise pose a threat to public health;
(ii) The technology's effectiveness in achieving at least 99 percent (2 log) removal of Giardia lamblia cysts or cyst surrogate particles, and at least 99 percent (2 log) removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts or oocyst surrogate particles. The purveyor shall further demonstrate the technology's removal capability through research conducted:
(A) By a party acceptable to the department; and
(B) In accordance with protocol and standards acceptable to the department.
(iii) Through on-site pilot plant studies or other means, that the filtration technology:
(A) In combination with disinfection treatment consistently achieves 99.9 percent (3 log) removal and inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent (4 log) removal and inactivation of viruses; and
(B) Meets the applicable turbidity performance requirements as determined by the department for the specific treatment process being considered, but in no case to exceed 1.0 NTU for the finished water.
(3) Pilot studies.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure pilot studies are conducted for all proposed filtration facilities, except where waived based on engineering justification acceptable to the department.
(b) The purveyor shall obtain department approval for the pilot study plan before the pilot filter is constructed and before the pilot study is undertaken.
(c) The pilot study plan shall identify at a minimum:
(i) Pilot filter design;
(ii) Water quality and operational parameters to be monitored;
(iii) Type of data to be collected, frequency of data collection, and length of pilot study; and
(iv) Pilot plant operator qualifications.
(d) The purveyor shall ensure that the pilot study is:
(i) Conducted to simulate proposed full-scale design conditions;
(ii) Conducted over a time period that will demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed treatment system during changes in seasonal and climatic conditions; and
(iii) Designed and operated in accordance with good engineering practices and that ANSI/NSF standards 60 and 61 are considered.
(e) When the pilot study is complete, the purveyor shall submit a project report to the department for approval in accordance with WAC 246-290-110.
(4) Design criteria.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that water treatment facilities for surface and GWI sources are designed and constructed in accordance with good engineering practices documented in references such as those identified in WAC 246-290-200.
(b) Filtration facilities.
(i) The purveyor shall ensure that all new filtration
facilities and improvements to any existing filtration
facilities (excluding disinfection) are designed to achieve at
least((:
(A))) 99 percent (2 log) removal of Giardia lamblia
cysts((;)), and
(((B) 90 percent (1 log) removal of viruses.
(ii) The purveyor proposing to use an alternate filtration technology that does not meet the requirements of (b)(i)(B) of this subsection shall demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that the potential for viral contamination of the source is low. The purveyor shall base the demonstration on results of a watershed evaluation acceptable to the department.
(iii))) 99 percent (2 log) removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts; and
(ii) The purveyor shall ensure that all new filtration facilities contain provisions for filtering to waste with appropriate measures for backflow prevention.
(c) The purveyor shall ensure that disinfection systems for new filtration facilities or improvements to existing disinfection facilities are designed to meet the requirements of WAC 246-290-662.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-676, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-676, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(2) Source water quality conditions necessary to remain unfiltered.
(a) Coliform limits.
(i) The purveyor shall ensure that representative source water samples taken before the first point of disinfection have a fecal coliform density less than or equal to 20/100 ml in ninety percent or more of all samples taken during the six previous calendar months the system served water to the public. Samples collected on days when source water turbidity exceeds 1.0 NTU shall be included when determining compliance with this requirement.
(ii) The purveyor shall submit a written report to the department if no source fecal coliform data has been submitted for days when source turbidity exceeded 1.0 NTU. The report shall document why sample results are not available and shall be submitted with the routine monitoring reports for the month in which the sample results are not available.
(b) Turbidity limits.
(i) The purveyor shall ensure that the turbidity level in representative source water samples taken before primary disinfection does not exceed 5.0 NTU.
(ii) A system failing to meet the turbidity requirements in (b)(i) of this subsection may remain unfiltered, if:
(A) The purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that the most recent turbidity event was caused by unusual and unpredictable circumstances; and
(B) Including the most recent turbidity event, there have not been more than:
(I) Two turbidity events in the twelve previous calendar months the system served water to the public; or
(II) Five turbidity events in the one-hundred-twenty previous calendar months the system served water to the public.
(iii) The purveyor of a system experiencing a turbidity event shall submit a written report to the department documenting why the turbidity event(s) occurred. The purveyor shall submit the report with the routine monitoring reports for the month in which the turbidity event(s) occurred.
(iv) The purveyor of a system with alternate, department-approved sources or sufficient treated water storage may avoid a turbidity event by implementing operational adjustments to prevent water with a turbidity exceeding 5.0 NTU from being delivered to consumers.
(v) When an alternate source or treated water storage is used during periods when the turbidity of the surface or GWI source exceeds 5.0 NTU, the purveyor shall not put the surface or GWI source back on-line, until the source water turbidity is 5.0 NTU or less.
(3) Site-specific conditions to remain unfiltered.
(a) Level of inactivation.
(i) The purveyor shall ensure that the Giardia lamblia cyst and virus inactivation levels required under WAC 246-290-692(1) are met in at least eleven of the twelve previous calendar months that the system served water to the public.
(ii) A system failing to meet the inactivation requirements during two of the twelve previous calendar months that the system served water to the public may remain unfiltered, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that at least one of the failures was caused by unusual and unpredictable circumstances.
(iii) To make such a demonstration, the purveyor shall submit to the department a written report documenting the reasons for the failure. The purveyor shall submit the report with the routine monitoring reports for the month in which the failure occurred.
(b) Redundant disinfection components or automatic shut-off.
The purveyor shall ensure that the requirement for redundant disinfection system components or automatic shut-off of water to the distribution system under WAC 246-290-692(3) is met at all times the system serves water to the public.
(c) Disinfectant residual entering the distribution system.
(i) The purveyor shall ensure that the requirement for having a residual entering the distribution system under WAC 246-290-692(4) is met at all times the system serves water to the public.
(ii) A system failing to meet the disinfection requirement under (c)(i) of this subsection may remain unfiltered, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that the failure was caused by unusual and unpredictable circumstances.
(iii) To make such a demonstration, the purveyor shall submit to the department a written report documenting the reasons for the failure. The purveyor shall submit the report with the routine monitoring reports for the month in which the failure occurred.
(d) Disinfectant residuals within the distribution system.
(i) The purveyor shall ensure that the requirement for maintaining a residual within the distribution system under WAC 246-290-692(5) is met on an ongoing basis.
(ii) A system failing to meet the disinfection requirements under (d)(i) of this subsection may remain unfiltered, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that the failure was caused by something other than a deficiency in source water treatment.
(iii) To make such a demonstration, the purveyor shall submit to the department a written report documenting the reasons for the failure. The purveyor shall submit the report with the routine monitoring reports for the month in which the failure occurred.
(e) Watershed control.
(i) The purveyor shall develop and implement a department-approved watershed control program.
(ii) The purveyor shall monitor, limit, and control all facilities and activities in the watershed affecting source quality to preclude degradation of the physical, chemical, microbiological (including viral contamination and contamination by Cryptosporidium oocysts), and radiological quality of the source. The purveyor shall demonstrate, through ownership and/or written agreements acceptable to the department, control of all human activities that may adversely impact source quality.
(iii) At a minimum, the purveyor's watershed control program shall:
(A) Characterize the watershed hydrology and land ownership;
(B) Identify watershed characteristics and activities that may adversely affect source water quality; and
(C) Monitor the occurrence of activities that may adversely affect source water quality.
(iv) If the department determines significant changes have occurred in the watershed, the purveyor shall submit, within ninety days of notification, an updated watershed control program to the department for review and approval.
(v) The department may require an unfiltered system to conduct additional monitoring to demonstrate the adequacy of the watershed control program.
(vi) A purveyor shall be considered out of compliance when failing to:
(A) Have a department-approved watershed control program;
(B) Implement the watershed control program to the satisfaction of the department; or
(C) Conduct additional monitoring as directed by the department.
(f) On-site inspections.
(i) The department shall conduct on-site inspections to assess watershed control and disinfection treatment.
(ii) The department shall conduct annual inspections unless more frequent inspections are deemed necessary to protect the health of consumers served by the system.
(iii) For a system to remain unfiltered, the on-site inspection shall indicate to the department's satisfaction that the watershed control program and disinfection treatment comply with (e) of this subsection and WAC 246-290-692, respectively.
(iv) The purveyor with unsatisfactory on-site inspection results shall take action as directed by the department in accordance with a department-established schedule.
(g) Waterborne disease outbreak.
(i) To remain unfiltered, a system shall not have been identified by the department as the cause of a waterborne disease outbreak attributable to a failure in treatment of the surface or GWI source.
(ii) The purveyor of a system identified by the department as the cause of a waterborne disease outbreak may remain unfiltered, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that system facilities and/or operations have been sufficiently modified to prevent another waterborne disease outbreak.
(h) Total coliform MCL.
(i) For a system to remain unfiltered, the purveyor shall ensure that the MCL for total coliform under WAC 246-290-310 is met in at least eleven of the twelve previous calendar months the system served water to the public.
(ii) A system failing to meet the criteria in (i) of this subsection, may remain unfiltered, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that the total coliform MCL violations were not caused by a deficiency in source water treatment.
(iii) The department shall determine the adequacy of source water treatment based on results of total coliform monitoring at the entry to the distribution system in accordance with WAC 246-290-694(3).
(i) ((THM MCL and monitoring.)) Disinfectant residuals
MRDL and disinfection by-products MCLs - Monitoring and
compliance.
For a system to remain unfiltered, the purveyor shall
comply with the ((THM)) monitoring and MCL requirements under
WAC 246-290-300(7) and 246-290-310 (5) and (6), respectively.
(j) Laboratory services.
(i) For a system to remain unfiltered, the purveyor shall retain the services of the public health laboratory or another laboratory certified by the department to analyze samples for total and fecal coliform. Laboratory services shall be available on an as needed basis, seven days a week, including holidays. The purveyor shall identify in the annual comprehensive report required under WAC 246-290-696 the certified laboratory providing these services.
(ii) The department may waive this requirement, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that an alternate, department-approved source is used when the turbidity of the surface or GWI source exceeds 1.0 NTU.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-690, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-690, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(2) Source water turbidity requirements.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that the turbidity level in representative source water samples taken before primary disinfection does not exceed 5.0 NTU.
(b) A system with more than two turbidity events in the twelve previous calendar months the water was served to the public or more than five turbidity events in the one hundred twenty previous calendar months the water was served to the public shall expand the scope of its next annual comprehensive report required under WAC 246-290-696(6) to include:
(i) A description of the events;
(ii) A summary of previous turbidity events;
(iii) A proposed plan of corrective action; and
(iv) A schedule for implementing the action plan.
(3) Site-specific requirements.
(a) Level of inactivation.
(i) The purveyor shall ensure that the removal and/or inactivation levels required under WAC 246-290-630(11) are met in at least eleven of the twelve previous calendar months that the system served water to the public.
(ii) A system failing to meet the inactivation requirements in (a)(i) of this subsection in two or more months of the previous twelve calendar months the system served water to the public shall expand the scope of its annual comprehensive report required under WAC 246-290-696(6) to include:
(A) A description of the failure(s);
(B) A summary of previous inactivation failures;
(C) A proposed plan of corrective action; and
(D) A schedule for implementing the action plan.
(b) Watershed control.
(i) The watershed must not be allowed to be inhabited, except for those designated individuals and for those periods of time each year that would be directly associated with the protection of the watershed.
(ii) The purveyor shall develop and implement a department-approved watershed control program.
(iii) The purveyor shall monitor, limit, and control all facilities and activities in the watershed affecting source quality to preclude degradation of the physical, chemical, microbiological (including viral and Cryptosporidium oocysts contamination), and radiological quality of the source. The purveyor shall demonstrate, through ownership and/or written agreements acceptable to the department, control of all human activities that may adversely impact source quality.
(iv) At a minimum, the purveyor's watershed control program shall:
(A) Characterize the watershed hydrology and land ownership;
(B) Identify watershed characteristics and activities that may adversely affect source water quality; and
(C) Monitor the occurrence of activities that may adversely affect source water quality.
(v) If the department determines significant changes have occurred in the watershed, the purveyor shall submit, within ninety days of notification, an updated watershed control program to the department for review and approval.
(vi) The purveyor may be required to conduct additional monitoring to demonstrate the adequacy of the watershed control program.
(vii) A purveyor shall be considered out of compliance when failing to:
(A) Have a department-approved watershed control program;
(B) Implement the watershed control program to the satisfaction of the department;
(C) Conduct additional monitoring as directed by the department; or
(D) Prevent the human inhabitation of the watershed, except during the periods of time when conducting watershed protection activities as provided in (b)(i) of this subsection.
(c) On-site inspections.
(i) The purveyor shall submit to on-site inspections by the department to assess watershed control and disinfection treatment.
(ii) The purveyor shall submit to annual inspections by the department unless more frequent inspections are deemed necessary to protect the health of consumers served by the system.
(iii) The purveyor with unsatisfactory on-site inspection results shall take action as directed by the department in accordance with a department-established schedule.
(d) Waterborne disease outbreak.
(i) The system shall not be identified by the department as the cause of a waterborne disease outbreak attributable to a failure in treatment of the surface or GWI source.
(ii) A system identified by the department as the cause of a waterborne disease in (d)(i) of this subsection shall expand the scope of its annual comprehensive report required under WAC 246-290-696(6) to include:
(A) A description of the outbreak;
(B) A summary of previous waterborne disease outbreaks attributed to the system;
(C) A proposed plan of corrective action; and
(D) A schedule for implementing the action plan.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-691, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99.]
(a) The purveyor without a limited alternative to filtration shall provide continuous disinfection treatment to ensure at least 99.9 percent (3 log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99 percent (4 log) inactivation of viruses at all times the system serves water to the public.
(b) The purveyor with a limited alternative to filtration shall meet the treatment requirements in WAC 246-290-630(11) at all times the system serves water to the public.
(c) The purveyor may be required to provide greater levels of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts, other pathogenic microorganisms of public health concern, and viruses to protect the health of consumers.
(d) Failure to meet the inactivation level requirements of WAC 246-290-690 (3)(a) or 246-290-691 (3)(a) shall be considered a violation.
(2) Determining the level of inactivation.
(a) Each day the system without a limited alternative to filtration serves water to the public, the purveyor, using procedures and CT99.9 values specified in 40 CFR 141.74, Vol. 54, No. 124, (published June 29, 1989, and copies of which are available from the department), shall determine:
(i) CT values using the system's treatment parameters and calculate the total inactivation ratio achieved by disinfection; and
(ii) Whether the system's disinfection treatment process is achieving the minimum levels of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and viruses required by the department. For purposes of determining compliance with the inactivation requirements specified in subsection (1) of this section, no credit shall be granted for disinfection applied to a source water with a turbidity greater than 5.0 NTU.
(b) Each day the system with a limited alternative to filtration serves water to the public, the purveyor, using appropriate guidance, shall determine:
(i) CT values using the system's treatment parameters and calculate the total inactivation ratio achieved by disinfection; and
(ii) Whether the system's treatment process is achieving the minimum levels of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms of health concern including Cryptosporidium oocysts that would be greater than what would be expected from the combination of filtration plus chlorine disinfection.
(c) The purveyor shall be considered in compliance with the daily inactivation requirement when a total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is achieved.
(d) The purveyor of a system using a disinfectant or combination of disinfectants may use CT values lower than those specified in (a) of this subsection, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that the required levels of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts, viruses, and, if providing a limited alternative to filtration, any other pathogenic organisms of public health concern including Cryptosporidium oocysts, can be achieved using the lower CT values.
(e) The purveyor of a system using preformed chloramines or adding ammonia to the water before chlorine shall demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that the system achieves at least 99.99 percent (4 log) inactivation of viruses.
(3) The purveyor using either unfiltered or "limited alternative to filtration" treated sources shall ensure that disinfection facilities provide either:
(a) Redundant components, including an auxiliary power supply with automatic start-up and alarm, to ensure continuous disinfection. Redundancy shall ensure that both the minimum inactivation requirements and the requirement for a 0.2 mg/L residual disinfectant concentration at entry to the distribution system are met at all times water is delivered to the distribution system; or
(b) Automatic shut-off of delivery of water to the distribution system when the residual disinfectant concentration in the water is less than 0.2 mg/L. Automatic shut-off shall be allowed only in systems where the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that automatic shutoff will not endanger health or interfere with fire protection.
(4) Disinfectant residual entering the distribution system.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that water entering the distribution system contains a residual disinfectant concentration, measured as free or combined chlorine, of at least 0.2 mg/L at all times the system serves water to the public; and
(b) Failure to provide a 0.2 mg/L residual at entry to distribution for more than four hours on any day shall be considered a treatment technique violation.
(5) Disinfectant residuals within the distribution system.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that the residual disinfectant concentration in the distribution system, measured as total chlorine, free chlorine, combined chlorine, or chlorine dioxide, is detectable in at least ninety-five percent of the samples taken each calendar month.
(b) The purveyor of a system that purchases completely treated surface or GWI water as determined by the department shall comply with the requirements specified in (a) of this subsection.
(c) Water in the distribution system with an HPC level less than or equal to 500 organisms/ml is considered to have a detectable residual disinfectant concentration.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-692, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-692, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-692, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that source water samples of each surface or GWI source are representative and:
(i) Collected before the first point of disinfectant application; and
(ii) Analyzed for fecal coliform density in accordance with methods acceptable to the department.
(b) The purveyor shall ensure source samples are collected for fecal coliform analysis each week the system serves water to the public based on the following schedule:
| Population Served |
Minimum Number/week* |
||||
| 25 | - | 500 | 1 | ||
| 501 | - | 3,300 | 2 | ||
| 3,301 | - | 10,000 | 3 | ||
| 10,001 | - | 25,000 | 4 | ||
| >25,000 | 5 | ||||
(d) A purveyor shall not be considered in violation of (c) of this subsection, if the purveyor demonstrates to the department's satisfaction that, for valid logistical reasons outside the purveyor's control, the additional fecal coliform sample could not be analyzed within a time frame acceptable to the department.
(2) Source coliform monitoring for systems with a limited alternative to filtration.
(a) The purveyor shall ensure that source water samples of each surface or GWI source are:
(i) Collected before the first point of primary disinfection; and
(ii) Analyzed for fecal coliform density in accordance with methods acceptable to the department.
(b) At a minimum, the purveyor shall ensure source samples are collected for fecal coliform analysis at a frequency equal to ten percent the number of routine coliform samples collected within the distribution system each month under WAC 246-290-300, or once per calendar month, whichever is greater, up to a maximum of one sample per day.
(3) Coliform monitoring at entry to distribution for systems without a limited alternative to filtration.
(a) The purveyor shall collect and have analyzed one coliform sample at the entry point to the distribution system each day that a routine or repeat coliform sample is collected within the distribution system under WAC 246-290-300(3) or 246-290-320(2), respectively.
(b) The purveyor shall use the results of the coliform monitoring at entry to distribution along with inactivation ratio monitoring results to demonstrate the adequacy of source treatment.
(4) Source turbidity monitoring for systems without a limited alternative to filtration.
(a) The purveyor shall continuously monitor and record turbidity:
(i) On representative source water samples before the first point of primary disinfectant application; and
(ii) In accordance with the analytical techniques under WAC 246-290-638.
(b) If source water turbidity is not the same as the turbidity of water delivered to consumers, the purveyor shall continuously monitor and record turbidity of water delivered.
(5) Source turbidity monitoring for systems with a limited alternative to filtration. The purveyor shall:
(a) Continuously monitor turbidity on representative source samples before the first point of primary disinfection application;
(b) Record continuous turbidity measurements at equal intervals, of at least four hours, in accordance with a department-approved sampling schedule; and
(c) Conduct monitoring in accordance with the analytical techniques under WAC 246-290-638.
(6) Monitoring the level of inactivation.
(a) Each day the system is in operation, the purveyor shall determine the total level of inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts, viruses, and, if providing a limited alternative to filtration, any other pathogenic organisms of health concern including Cryptosporidium oocysts, achieved through disinfection.
(b) At least once per day, the purveyor shall monitor the following parameters to determine the total inactivation ratio achieved through disinfection:
(i) Temperature of the disinfected water at each residual disinfectant concentration sampling point used for CT calculations; and
(ii) If using chlorine, pH of the disinfected water at each chlorine residual disinfectant concentration sampling point used for CT calculations.
(c) Each day during peak hourly flow, the purveyor shall:
(i) Determine disinfectant contact time, T, to the point at which C is measured; and
(ii) Measure the residual disinfectant concentration, C, of the water at the point for which T is calculated. The C measurement point must be before or at the first consumer.
(7) Monitoring the residual disinfectant concentration entering the distribution system for either unfiltered systems, or systems using a limited alternative to filtration.
(a) Systems serving more than thirty-three hundred people.
(i) The purveyor shall continuously monitor and record the residual disinfectant concentration of water entering the distribution system and report the lowest value each day.
(ii) If the continuous monitoring equipment fails, the purveyor shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration on grab samples collected at least every four hours at the entry to the distribution system while the equipment is being repaired or replaced. The purveyor shall have continuous monitoring equipment back on-line within five working days following failure.
(b) Systems serving thirty-three hundred or less people.
(i) The purveyor shall collect grab samples or use continuous monitoring and recording to measure the residual disinfectant concentration entering the distribution system.
(ii) A purveyor choosing to take grab samples shall collect:
(A) Samples at the following minimum frequencies:
| Population Served |
Number/day | |||
| 25 | - | 500 | 1 | |
| 501 | - | 1,000 | 2 | |
| 1,001 | - | 2,500 | 3 | |
| 2,501 | - | 3,300 | 4 | |
(C) The remaining sample or samples at intervals evenly spaced over the time the system is disinfecting water that will be delivered to the public.
(iii) When grab samples are collected and the residual disinfectant concentration at the entry to distribution falls below 0.2 mg/L, the purveyor shall collect a grab sample every four hours until the residual disinfectant concentration is 0.2 mg/L or more.
(8) Monitoring residual disinfectant concentration within the distribution system for either unfiltration systems, or systems using a limited alternative to filtration.
(a) The purveyor shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration within the distribution system at the same time and location that a routine or repeat coliform sample is collected in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(3) or 246-290-320(2) or once per day, whichever is greater.
(b) The purveyor of a system that purchases completely treated surface or GWI water as determined by the department shall comply with the requirements of (a) of this subsection or as otherwise directed by the department under WAC 246-290-300 (2)(c). At a minimum, the purveyor shall measure the residual disinfectant concentration within the distribution system at the same time and location that a routine or repeat coliform sample is collected in accordance with WAC 246-290-300(3) or 246-290-320(2).
(c) The purveyor may measure HPC within the distribution system in lieu of measuring the residual disinfectant concentration in accordance with this subsection.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-694, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-694, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-694, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
(a) A waterborne disease outbreak potentially attributable to the water system occurs;
(b) The turbidity of water delivered to the public exceeds 5.0 NTU;
(c) The minimum level of inactivation required by the department is not met;
(d) The residual disinfectant concentration falls below 0.2 mg/L at the entry point to the distribution system. The purveyor shall also report whether the residual was restored to 0.2 mg/L or more within four hours; or
(e) The surface or GWI source is taken off-line due to an emergency.
(2) The purveyor shall report results of monitoring conducted in accordance with WAC 246-290-694 to the department. Monthly report forms shall be submitted within ten days after the end of each month the system served water to the public.
(3) The purveyor shall report, at a minimum, all the information requested by the department using a department-approved form or format including:
(a) Water quality information, including the results of both:
(i) Source coliform monitoring; and
(ii) Source turbidity monitoring.
(b) Disinfection monitoring information, including:
(i) Level of inactivation achieved;
(ii) Residual disinfectant concentrations entering the distribution system; and
(iii) Residual disinfectant concentrations within the distribution system.
(c) A summary of water quality complaints received from consumers served by the water system.
(4) The purveyor of a system that purchases completely treated water shall:
(a) Report results of distribution system residual disinfectant concentration monitoring to the department using department-approved forms or format; and
(b) Submit forms to the department in accordance with subsection (2) of this section or as otherwise directed by the department.
(5) A person certified under chapter 246-292 WAC shall complete and sign the monthly report forms required in this section.
(6) Beginning in 1992, by October 10th of each year, the purveyor shall submit to the department an annual comprehensive report that summarizes the:
(a) Effectiveness of the watershed control program and identifies, at a minimum, the following:
(i) Activities in the watershed that are adversely affecting source water quality;
(ii) Changes in the watershed that have occurred within the previous year that could adversely affect source water quality;
(iii) Activities expected to occur in the watershed in the future and how the activities will be monitored and controlled;
(iv) The monitoring program the purveyor uses to assess the adequacy of watershed protection including an evaluation of sampling results; and
(v) Special concerns about the watershed and how the concerns are being addressed;
(b) System's compliance with the criteria to remain unfiltered under WAC 246-290-690, or, when applicable, the criteria required if the system provides a limited alternative to filtration under WAC 246-290-691; and
(c) Significant changes in system design and/or operation that have occurred within the previous year that impact the ability of the system to comply with the criteria to remain unfiltered, or, if applicable, the ability of the system to provide a limited alternative to filtration in accordance with WAC 246-290-692.
(7) The purveyor of a system attempting to remain unfiltered or to remain with a limited alternative to filtration shall submit a Filtration Decision Report at the request of the department. The report shall:
(a) Provide the information by which the department may determine whether a system continues to meet the criteria to remain unfiltered or, if applicable, the criteria allowing the provision of a limited alternative to filtration; and
(b) Be submitted on a schedule as specified by the department.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.02.050. 99-07-021, § 246-290-696, filed 3/9/99, effective 4/9/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 94-14-001, § 246-290-696, filed 6/22/94, effective 7/23/94; 93-08-011 (Order 352B), § 246-290-696, filed 3/25/93, effective 4/25/93.]
SUBPART A - PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND CONSUMER INFORMATION(a) Tier 1 as described in Table 1 of 40 CFR 141.202(a);
(b) Tier 2 as described in Table 1 of 40 CFR 141.203(a); or
(c) Tier 3 as described in Table 1 of 40 CFR 141.204(a).
(2) The purveyor shall initiate consultation with the department as soon as possible, but no later than twenty-four hours after they learn their system has a Tier 1 violation or situation in order to determine if additional public notice is required. The purveyor shall comply with any additional public notification requirements established as a result of the consultation.
(3) The purveyor shall notify the water system users when the system:
(a) Is issued a departmental order;
(b) Fails to comply with a departmental order; or
(c) Is issued a category red operating permit.
[]
(2) Public notices required under WAC 246-290-71001 (3)(a) and (c) for the issuance of a departmental order or category red operating permit shall include:
(a) A clear, concise, and simple explanation of the violation;
(b) Discussion of potential adverse health effects and any segments of the population that may be at higher risk;
(c) Mandatory health effects information in accordance with WAC 246-290-71004(2);
(d) A list of steps the purveyor has taken or is planning to take to remedy the situation;
(e) A list of steps the consumer should take, including advice on seeking an alternative water supply if necessary;
(f) The purveyor's name and telephone number; and
(g) When appropriate, notices shall be bilingual or multilingual.
| Note: | The purveyor may provide additional information to further explain the situation. |
[]
(a) 40 CFR 141.202 for Tier 1 public notice.
(b) 40 CFR 141.203 for Tier 2 public notice.
(c) 40 CFR 141.204 for Tier 3 public notice.
(2) In addition, notice to new billing units and consumers must be given in accordance with 40 CFR 141.206.
(3) Purveyors of community, NTNC and TNC systems shall provide notice as described in this subsection, or as described in a departmental order within three months of receipt of a departmental order, or a category red operating permit. The purveyor shall provide the department with a copy of the notice at the time the purveyor notifies the public.
(a) Purveyors of community and NTNC systems shall provide newspaper notice to water system users.
(i) "Newspaper notice," as used above, means publication in a daily newspaper of general circulation or in a weekly newspaper of general circulation if a daily newspaper does not serve the area. The purveyor may substitute a community or homeowner's association newsletter or similar periodical publication if the newspaper reaches all affected consumers within the specified time.
(ii) The purveyor shall substitute a posted notice in the absence of a newspaper of general circulation or homeowner's association newsletter or similar periodical publication. The purveyor shall post the notice within the time frame specified in this subsection.
(b) Purveyors of TNC systems shall post a notice or notify consumers by other methods authorized by the department for receipt of a red operating permit.
(c) The purveyor shall place posted notices in conspicuous locations and present the notices in a manner making them easy to read. Notices shall remain posted until the violation is corrected.
(d) The purveyor of a community or NTNC water system shall give a copy of the most recent public notice for all outstanding violations to all new billing units or new hookups before or at the time water service begins.
[]
(2) The purveyor shall provide specific mandatory language, contained in department guidance, in its notification when the purveyor is issued a category red operating permit.
[]
(b) The form and manner of the public notice to the water system users shall be in accordance with 40 CFR 141.204(c), (d)(1), and (d)(3). The notice must also identify a person and provide the telephone number to contact for information on the monitoring results.
(2) The purveyor of a community water system that experiences a secondary MCL violation for fluoride shall provide notice, in accordance with the form, manner, timing and content requirements of 40 CFR 141.208.
[]
Reviser's note: The typographical error in the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appears in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
NEW SECTION
WAC 246-290-71006
Consumer information.
The purveyor
shall provide consumer information to the water system users
within twenty-one days of receipt of confirmation sample
results when the department determines that a substance not
included in this chapter is confirmed at a level greater than
a SAL.
(1) Consumer information shall include:
(a) Name and level of chemical detected;
(b) Location where the chemical was detected;
(c) Any health effects that the chemical could cause at its present concentration;
(d) Plans for follow-up activities; and
(e) The purveyor's name and telephone number.
(2) Consumer information shall be distributed by any of the following methods:
(a) Notice placed in a daily newspaper of general circulation or in a weekly newspaper of general circulation if a daily newspaper does not serve the affected area;
(b) Direct mail to consumers;
(c) Posting for at least one week if a NTNC system; or
(d) Any other method approved by the department.
[]
(2) When the state board of health grants a public water system a waiver, the purveyor shall notify consumers and new billing units or new customers before water service begins. The purveyor shall provide a notice annually and send a copy to the department.
(3) The department may give notice to the water system users and the owner or operator of any consecutive water system served as required by this section on behalf of the water purveyor. However, the purveyor remains responsible for ensuring Part 7, Subpart A requirements are met.
[]
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of WAC 246-290-020, this section applies only to community water systems.
(2) For the purpose of WAC 246-290-72001 through 246-290-72012:
(a) "Customers" means billing units or service connections to which water is delivered by a community water system.
(b) "Detected" means at or above the levels prescribed by
WAC 246-290-300(4) for inorganic contaminants, at or above the
levels prescribed by WAC 246-290-300(((7))) (8) for organic
contaminants, and at or above the levels prescribed by 40 CFR
141.25(c) for radioactive contaminants.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 00-15-080, § 246-290-72001, filed 7/19/00, effective 8/19/00.]
(a) Contaminants subject to an MCL, action level, maximum residual disinfectant level or treatment technique (regulated contaminants);
(b) Contaminants for which monitoring is required by WAC 246-290-300(((8))) (9); and
(c) Disinfection by-products for which monitoring is
required by WAC 246-290-300(((6))) (7) and 40 CFR 141.142 or
microbial contaminants for which monitoring is required by WAC 246-290-300(3) and 40 CFR 141.143, except as provided under
WAC 246-290-72006(1), and which are detected in the finished
water.
(2) The data relating to these contaminants must be displayed in one table or in several adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results which a community water system chooses to include in its report must be displayed separately.
(3) The data must be derived from data collected to comply with the Environmental Protection Agency and state monitoring and analytical requirements during the previous calendar year except that:
(a) Where a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants less than once a year, the table(s) must include the date and results of the most recent sampling and the report must include a brief statement indicating that the data presented in the report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the regulations. No data older than five years need be included.
(b) Results of monitoring in compliance with 40 CFR 141.142 and 40 CFR 141.143 need only be included for five years from the date of last sample or until any of the detected contaminants becomes regulated and subject to routine monitoring requirements, whichever comes first.
(4) For detected regulated contaminants listed in WAC 246-290-72012, the table(s) must contain:
(a) The MCL for that contaminant expressed as a number equal to or greater than 1.0 (as provided in WAC 246-290-72012);
(b) The MCLG for that contaminant expressed in the same units as the MCL;
(c) If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must indicate that there is a treatment technique, or specify the action level, applicable to that contaminant, and the report must include the definitions for treatment technique and/or action level, as appropriate, specified in WAC 246-290-72004;
(d) For contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity and total coliforms, the highest contaminant level used to determine compliance with a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation and the range of detected levels, as follows:
(i) When compliance with the MCL is determined annually or less frequently: The highest detected level at any sampling point and the range of detected levels expressed in the same units as the MCL.
(ii) When compliance with the MCL is determined by calculating a running annual average of all samples taken at a sampling point: The highest average of any of the sampling points and the range of all sampling points expressed in the same units as the MCL.
(iii) When compliance with the MCL is determined on a system-wide basis by calculating a running annual average of all samples at all sampling points: The average and range of detection expressed in the same units as the MCL.
(iv) Note to WAC 246-290-72005 (4)(d): When rounding of results to determine compliance with the MCL is allowed by the regulations, rounding should be done prior to multiplying the results by the factor listed in WAC 246-290-72012;
(e) For turbidity.
(i) When it is reported ((pursuant to)) under chapter 246-290 WAC Part 6, Subpart C: The highest average monthly
value.
(ii) When it is reported ((pursuant to)) under the
requirements of chapter 246-290 WAC Part 6, Subpart D: The
highest monthly value. The report should include an
explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity.
(iii) When it is reported ((pursuant to)) under chapter 246-290 WAC Part 6, Subpart B: The highest single measurement
and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the
turbidity limits specified in chapter 246-290 WAC Part 6,
Subpart B for the filtration technology being used. The
report should include an explanation of the reasons for
measuring turbidity;
(f) For lead and copper: The 90th percentile value of the most recent round of sampling and the number of sampling sites exceeding the action level;
(g) For total coliform:
(i) The highest monthly number of positive samples for systems collecting fewer than 40 samples per month; or
(ii) The highest monthly percentage of positive samples for systems collecting at least 40 samples per month;
(h) For fecal coliform: The total number of positive samples; and
(i) The likely source(s) of detected contaminants to the best of the purveyor's knowledge. Specific information regarding contaminants may be available in sanitary surveys and source water assessments, and should be used when available to the purveyor. If the purveyor lacks specific information on the likely source, the report must include one or more of the typical sources for that contaminant listed in WAC 246-290-72012 which are most applicable to the system.
(5) If a community water system distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically independent distribution systems that are fed by different raw water sources, the table should contain a separate column for each service area and the report should identify each separate distribution system. Alternatively, systems could produce separate reports tailored to include data for each service area.
(6) The table(s) must clearly identify any data indicating violations of MCLs, MRDLs, or treatment techniques and the report must contain a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation including: The length of the violation, the potential adverse health effects, and actions taken by the system to address the violation. To describe the potential health effects, the system must use the relevant language of WAC 246-290-72012.
(7) For detected unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required, the table(s) must contain the average and range at which the contaminant was detected. The report may include a brief explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated contaminants.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 00-15-080, § 246-290-72005, filed 7/19/00, effective 8/19/00.]
(1) Monitoring and reporting of compliance data;
(2) Filtration and disinfection prescribed by chapter 246-290 WAC, Part 6. For systems which have failed to install
adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or processes, or
have had a failure of ((such)) the equipment or processes
which constitutes a violation, the report must include the
following language as part of the explanation of potential
adverse health effects: Inadequately treated water may
contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include
bacteria, viruses, and parasites which can cause symptoms such
as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.
(3) Lead and copper control requirements prescribed by WAC 246-290-025, specifically CFR 141.80 through 141.91: For systems which fail to take one or more actions prescribed by WAC 246-290-025, specifically CFR 141.80 through 141.84, the report must include the applicable language of WAC 246-290-72012 for lead, copper, or both.
(4) Treatment techniques for Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin prescribed by 40 CFR, Subpart K. For systems which violate the requirements of 40 CFR, Subpart K, the report must include the relevant language from WAC 246-290-72012.
(5) Recordkeeping of compliance data.
(6) Special monitoring requirements prescribed by WAC 246-290-300(((8))) (9) (unregulated contaminants) and
246-290–310(3) (sodium); and
(7) Violation of the terms of a variance, an exemption, or an administrative or judicial order.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 00-15-080, § 246-290-72007, filed 7/19/00, effective 8/19/00.]
(1) Beginning in the report due by July 1, 2002, a system
which detects arsenic ((at)) levels above ((25 micrograms per
liter, but below the MCL)) 0.005 mg/L and up to and including
0.01 mg/L:
(a) Must include in its report a short informational
statement about arsenic, using language such as: ((EPA is
reviewing the drinking water standard for arsenic because of
special concerns that it may not be stringent enough. Arsenic
is a naturally occurring mineral known to cause cancer in
humans at high concentrations.)) While your drinking water
meets EPA's standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels
of arsenic. EPA's standard balances the current understanding
of arsenic's possible health effects against the cost of
removing arsenic from drinking water. EPA continues to
research the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is
a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high
concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as
skin damage and circulatory problems.
(b) May write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the department.
(2) A system which detects nitrate at levels above 5 mg/l, but below the MCL:
(a) Must include a short informational statement about the impacts of nitrate on children using language such as: Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue-baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant, you should ask for advice from your health care provider.
(b) May write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the department.
(3) Systems which detect lead above the action level in more than five percent, and up to and including ten percent, of homes sampled:
(a) Must include a short informational statement about the special impact of lead on children using language such as: Infants and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at other homes in the community as a result of materials used in your home's plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home's water, you may wish to have your water tested and flush your tap for thirty seconds to two minutes before using tap water. Additional information is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
(b) May write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the department.
(4) Community water systems that detect TTHM above 0.080 mg/l, but below the MCL in WAC 246-290-310(4), as an annual average, monitored and calculated under the provisions of WAC 246-290-300(6), must include health effects language prescribed by WAC 246-290-72012.
(5) Beginning in the report due by July 1, 2002, and ending January 22, 2006, a community water system that detects arsenic above 0.01 mg/L and up to and including 0.05 mg/L must include the arsenic health effects language prescribed in WAC 246-290-72012.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 00-15-080, § 246-290-72010, filed 7/19/00, effective 8/19/00.]
| Contaminant (units) | traditional MCL in mg/L |
to convert for CCR, multiply by |
MCL in CCR units |
MCLG | Major Sources
in Drinking Water |
Health Effects Language |
| Microbiological Contaminants | ||||||
| Total Coliform Bacteria | MCL: (systems that collect ≥ 40 samples/ month) 5% of monthly samples are positive; (systems that collect < 40 samples/ month) 1 positive monthly sample | MCL: (systems that collect ≥ 40 samples/ month) 5% of monthly samples are positive; (systems that collect < 40 samples/ month) 1 positive monthly sample | 0 | Naturally present in the environment | Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was a warning of potential problems. | |
| Fecal coliform and E. coli | 0 | 0 | 0 | Human and animal fecal waste | Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely-compromised immune systems. | |
| Total organic carbon (ppm) | TT | - | TT | n/a | Naturally present in the environment | Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection by-products. These by-products include trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these by-products in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Turbidity (NTU) | TT. | - | TT | n/a | Soil runoff | Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea and associated headaches. |
| Radioactive Contaminants | ||||||
| Beta/photon emitters
(mrem/yr)
|
4 mrem/yr | - | 4 | n/a
|
Decay of natural and man-made deposits | Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Alpha emitters (pCi/l)
|
15 pCi/l | - | 15 | n/a
|
Erosion of natural deposits | Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Combined radium
(pCi/l)
|
5 pCi/l | - | 5 | n/a
|
Erosion of natural deposits | Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Uranium (pCi/l) *Effective 12/08/03 |
30 micro g/l | - | 30 | 0 | Erosion of natural deposits | Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity. |
| Inorganic Contaminants | ||||||
| Antimony (ppb) | .006 | 1000 | 6 | 6 | Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder | Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar. |
| Arsenic (ppb) *Effective 1/23/06 |
.05 0.01 |
1000 1000 |
50 10 |
n/a 0 |
Erosion of natural deposits; Runoff from orchards; Runoff from glass and electronics production wastes | Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Asbestos (MFL) | 7 MFL | - | 7 | 7 | Decay of asbestos cement water mains; Erosion of natural deposits | Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps. |
| Barium (ppm) | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | Discharge of drilling wastes; Discharge from metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits | Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure. |
| Beryllium (ppb) | .004 | 1000 | 4 | 4 | Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning factories; Discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries | Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions. |
| Cadmium (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 5 | Corrosion of galvanized pipes; Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from metal refineries; Runoff from waste batteries and paints | Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. |
| Chromium (ppb) | .1 | 1000 | 100 | 100 | Discharge from steel and pulp mills; Erosion of natural deposits | Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis. |
| Copper (ppm) | AL = 1.3 | - | AL = 1.3 | 1.3 | Corrosion of household plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits; Leaching from wood preservatives | Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson's Disease should consult their personal doctor. |
| Cyanide (ppb) | .2 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | Discharge from steel/metal factories; Discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories | Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid. |
| Fluoride (ppm) | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | Erosion of natural deposits; Water additive which promotes strong teeth; Discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories | Some people who drink
water containing fluoride
in excess of the MCL
over many years could
get bone disease,
including pain and
tenderness of the bones.
Fluoride in drinking
water at half the MCL or
(( |
| Lead (ppb) | AL = .015 | 1000 | AL = 15 | 0 | Corrosion of household plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits | Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure. |
| Mercury [inorganic] (ppb) | .002 | 1000 | 2 | 2 | Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from refineries and factories; Runoff from landfills; Runoff from cropland | Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. |
| Nitrate (ppm) | 10 | - | 10 | 10 | Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits | Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
| Nitrite (ppm) | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits | Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
| Selenium (ppb) | .05 | 1000 | 50 | 50 | Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from mines | Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation. |
| Thallium (ppb) | .002 | 1000 | 2 | 0.5 | Leaching from ore-processing sites; Discharge from electronics, glass, and drug factories | Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver. |
| Synthetic Organic Contaminants including Pesticides and Herbicides | ||||||
| 2,4-D (ppb) | .07 | 1000 | 70 | 70 | Runoff from herbicide used on row crops | Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands. |
| 2,4,5-TP [Silvex](ppb) | .05 | 1000 | 50 | 50 | Residue of banned herbicide | Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. |
| Acrylamide | TT | - | TT | 0 | Added to water during sewage/ wastewater treatment | Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Alachlor (ppb) | .002 | 1000 | 2 | 0 | Runoff from herbicide used on row crops | Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Atrazine (ppb) | .003 | 1000 | 3 | 3 | Runoff from herbicide used on row crops | Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties. |
| Benzo(a)pyrene [PAH] (nanograms/l) | .0002 | 1,000,000 | 200 | 0 | Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and distribution lines | Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Carbofuran (ppb) | .04 | 1000 | 40 | 40 | Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa | Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems. |
| Chlordane (ppb) | .002 | 1000 | 2 | 0 | Residue of banned termiticide | Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Dalapon (ppb) | .2 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way | Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes. |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (ppb) | .4 | 1000 | 400 | 400 | Discharge from chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience general toxic effects or reproductive difficulties. |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ppb) | .006 | 1000 | 6 | 0 | Discharge from rubber and chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Dibromochloropropane (ppt) | .0002 | 1,000,000 | 200 | 0 | Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards | Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Dinoseb (ppb) | .007 | 1000 | 7 | 7 | Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables | Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. |
| Diquat (ppb) | .02 | 1000 | 20 | 20 | Runoff from herbicide use | Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts. |
| Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq) | .00000003 | 1,000,000,000 | 30 | 0 | Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; Discharge from chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Endothall (ppb) | .1 | 1000 | 100 | 100 | Runoff from herbicide use | Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines. |
| Endrin (ppb) | .002 | 1000 | 2 | 2 | Residue of banned insecticide | Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. |
| Epichlorohydrin | TT | - | TT | 0 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories; An impurity of some water treatment chemicals | Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Ethylene dibromide (ppt) | .00005 | 1,000,000 | 50 | 0 | Discharge from petroleum refineries | Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Glyphosate (ppb) | .7 | 1000 | 700 | 700 | Runoff from herbicide use | Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties. |
| Heptachlor (ppt) | .0004 | 1,000,000 | 400 | 0 | Residue of banned pesticide | Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Heptachlor epoxide (ppt) | .0002 | 1,000,000 | 200 | 0 | Breakdown of heptachlor | Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Hexachlorobenzene (ppb) | .001 | 1000 | 1 | 0 | Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene (ppb) | .05 | 1000 | 50 | 50 | Discharge from chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach. |
| Lindane (ppt) | .0002 | 1,000,000 | 200 | 200 | Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, gardens | Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver. |
| Methoxychlor (ppb) | .04 | 1000 | 40 | 40 | Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, livestock | Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. |
| Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb) | .2 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes and tomatoes | Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects. |
| PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls] (ppt) | .0005 | 1,000,000 | 500 | 0 | Runoff from landfills; Discharge of waste chemicals | Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Pentachlorophenol (ppb) | .001 | 1000 | 1 | 0 | Discharge from wood preserving factories | Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Picloram (ppb) | .5 | 1000 | 500 | 500 | Herbicide runoff | Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| Simazine (ppb) | .004 | 1000 | 4 | 4 | Herbicide runoff | Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood. |
| Toxaphene (ppb) | .003 | 1000 | 3 | 0 | Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle | Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Volatile Organic Contaminants | ||||||
| Benzene (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 0 | Discharge from factories; Leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills | Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Bromate (ppb) | .010 | 1000 | 10 | 0 | By-product of drinking water chlorination | Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Carbon tetrachloride (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 0 | Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities | Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Chloramines (ppm) | MRDL = 4 | - | MRDL =4 | MRDLG = 4 | Water additive used to control microbes | Some people who
(( |
| Chlorine (ppm) | MRDL = 4 | - | MRDL =4 | MRDLG = 4 | Water additive used to control microbes | Some people who
(( |
| Chlorite (ppm) | 1 | - | 1 | 0.8 | By-product of drinking water chlorination | Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant mothers who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia. |
| Chlorine dioxide (ppb) | MRDL = .8 | 1000 | MRDL = 800 |
MRDLG =800 | Water additive used to control microbes | Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant mothers who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia. |
| Chlorobenzene (ppb) | .1 | 1000 | 100 | 100 | Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. |
| o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) | .6 | 1000 | 600 | 600 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems. |
| p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) | .075 | 1000 | 75 | 75 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood. |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 0 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | .007 | 1000 | 7 | 7 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | .07 | 1000 | 70 | 70 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) | .1 | 1000 | 100 | 100 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
| Dichloromethane (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 0 | Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 0 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Ethylbenzene (ppb) | .7 | 1000 | 700 | 700 | Discharge from petroleum refineries | Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. |
| Haloacetic Acids (HAA) (ppb) | .060 | 1000 | 60 | n/a | By-product of drinking water disinfection | Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Styrene (ppb) | .1 | 1000 | 100 | 100 | Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; Leaching from landfills | Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system. |
| Tetrachloroethylene (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 0 | Discharge from factories and dry cleaners | Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb) | .07 | 1000 | 70 | 70 | Discharge from textile-finishing factories | Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands. |
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb) | .2 | 1000 | 200 | 200 | Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories | Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system. |
| 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 3 | Discharge from industrial chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems. |
| Trichloroethylene (ppb) | .005 | 1000 | 5 | 0 | Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories | Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| TTHMs [Total trihalomethanes] (ppb) | 0.10/.080 | 1000 | 100/80 | n/a | By-product of drinking water chlorination | Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Toluene (ppm) | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | Discharge from petroleum factories | Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver. |
| Vinyl Chloride (ppb) | .002 | 1000 | 2 | 0 | Leaching from PVC piping: Discharge from plastics factories | Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
| Xylenes (ppm) | 10 | - | 10 | 10 | Discharge from petroleum factories; Discharge from chemical factories | Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system. |
| Key | ||||||
| AL = Action Level | ||||||
| MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level | ||||||
| MCLG = Maximum Contaminant Level Goal | ||||||
| MFL = million fibers per liter | ||||||
| MRDL = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level | ||||||
| MRDLG = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal | ||||||
| mrem/year = millirems per year (a measure of radiation (( |
||||||
| N/A = Not Applicable | ||||||
| NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units (a measure of water clarity) | ||||||
| pCi/1 = picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity) | ||||||
| ppm = parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/1) | ||||||
| ppb = parts per billion, or micrograms per liter ( g/1) | ||||||
| ppt = parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter | ||||||
| ppq = parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter | ||||||
| TT = Treatment Technique | ||||||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.20.050. 00-15-080, § 246-290-72012, filed 7/19/00, effective 8/19/00.]
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
REPEALER
The following section of the Washington Administrative Code is repealed:
| WAC 246-290-495 | Public notification. |