PROPOSED RULES
Original Notice.
Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 02-11-148.
Title of Rule: WAC 458-20-135 Extracting natural products.
Purpose: This rule discusses the tax-reporting responsibilities of persons extracting natural products.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 82.32.300 and 82.01.060(2).
Statute Being Implemented: RCW 82.04.100, 82.04.230, and other statutes in chapters 82.04, 82.08, and 82.12 RCW as they apply to extracting activities.
Summary: This rule explains the business and occupation (B&O), retail sales, and use tax reporting responsibilities of extractors and extractors for hire. Persons extracting natural products often use the same extracted products in a manufacturing process, and the rule provides guidance for determining when an extracting activity ends and the manufacturing activity begins. This rule does not discuss the taxability of persons engaging in activities associated with timber harvest operations, which are addressed in WAC 458-20-13501 Timber harvest operations.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: To incorporate provisions of chapter 118, Laws of 2001, which in part changed the definition of "extractor" to specifically recognize and exclude "farmers" as defined in RCW 82.04.213.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting: Pat Moses, 1025 Union Avenue S.E., Suite #400, Olympia, WA, (360) 902-7111; Implementation: Alan R. Lynn, 1025 Union Avenue S.E., Suite #400, Olympia, WA, (360) 570-6125; and Enforcement: Russell Brubaker, 1025 Union Avenue S.E., Suite #400, Olympia, WA, (360) 570-6131.
Name of Proponent: Department of Revenue, governmental.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Explanation of Rule, its Purpose, and Anticipated Effects: This rule explains the application of the business and occupation (B&O), retail sales, and use taxes to persons extracting natural products. Extracting and manufacturing activities are often closely associated and persons who extract often perform manufacturing on products that they have extracted. This rule provides guidance and examples so that persons who extract or both extract and manufacture products can correctly report their tax liabilities. The rule is also used by agency personnel in assisting taxpayers and to promote consistent application of the associated statutes.
The department proposes revising this rule to incorporate provisions of chapter 118, Laws of 2001, which in part changed the definition of "extractor" to specifically recognize and exclude "farmers" as defined in RCW 82.04.213. The department also proposes to restructure the information provided in subsection (2)(b)(ii), which provides guidance regarding when an extracting activity ends and manufacturing begins for commercial fishing. This restructuring does not result in any change to the reporting instructions provided in the current rule, but is being made to provide the information in a more useful manner. Subsection (3)(a) has been expanded to clarify how a person who extracts products and then uses the extracted products in a manufacturing process computes the multiple activities tax credit.
Proposal Changes the Following Existing Rules: This proposal amends WAC 458-20-135 as noted above.
No small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW. The proposed rule does not impose any performance requirement or duty upon any business that results in additional business costs that is not already imposed by statute.
RCW 34.05.328 does not apply to this rule adoption. This is an interpretive rule as defined in RCW 34.05.328.
Hearing Location: Capital Plaza Building, 4th Floor, Large Conference Room, 1025 Union Avenue S.E., Olympia, WA, on December 3, 2003, at 9:30 a.m.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Sandy Davis no later than ten days before the hearing date, TTY 1-800-451-7985 or (360) 725-7499.
Submit Written Comments to: Pat Moses, Department of Revenue, P.O. Box 47467, Olympia, WA 98504-7467, fax (360) 664-0693, e-mail PatM@dor.wa.gov, by December 3, 2003.
Date of Intended Adoption: December 10, 2003.
October 7, 2003
Alan R. Lynn
Rules Coordinator
Legislation and Policy Division
OTS-6016.3
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 00-11-096, filed 5/17/00,
effective 6/17/00)
WAC 458-20-135
Extracting natural products.
(1)
Introduction. This rule explains the application of the
business and occupation (B&O), retail sales, and use taxes to
persons extracting natural products. Persons extracting
natural products often use the same extracted products in a
manufacturing process. The rule provides guidance for
determining when an extracting activity ends and the
manufacturing activity begins. In addition to all other
taxes, commercial fishermen may be subject to the enhanced
food fish excise tax levied by chapter 82.27 RCW (Tax on
enhanced food fish).
Persons engaging in activities associated with timber harvest operations should refer to WAC 458-20-13501 (Timber harvest operations). Persons engaged in a manufacturing activity should also refer to WAC 458-20-136 (Manufacturing, processing for hire, fabricating) and 458-20-13601 (Manufacturers and processors for hire--Sales and use tax exemptions for machinery and equipment).
((In addition to all other taxes, commercial fishermen
may be subject to the enhanced fish excise tax levied by
chapter 82.27 RCW (Tax on enhanced food fish).))
(2) ((Extracting activities.)) Who is an "extractor"?
RCW 82.04.100 defines the term "extractor" to mean every
person who, from the person's own land or from the land of
another under a right or license granted by lease or contract,
either directly or by contracting with others for the
necessary labor or mechanical services, for sale or for
commercial or industrial use mines, quarries, takes or
produces coal, oil, natural gas, ore, stone, sand, gravel,
clay, mineral, or other natural resource product. The term
includes a person who fells, cuts, or takes timber, Christmas
trees other than plantation Christmas trees, or other natural
products. It also includes any person who takes fish,
shellfish, or other sea or inland water foods or products.
(a) Persons excluded from the definition of "extractor." The term "extractor" does not include:
(i) Persons performing under contract the necessary labor or mechanical services for others (these persons are extractors for hire, see subsection (4) below); or
(ii) ((Persons cultivating or raising fish entirely
within confined rearing areas on the person's own land or on
land in which the person has a present right of possession;
(iii) Persons who fell, cut, or take plantation Christmas trees from the person's own land or from land in which the person has a present right of possession; or
(iv) Persons cultivating or raising shellfish or any other cultural aquatic product as defined in RCW 15.85.020 on the person's own land or on land in which the person has a present right of possession. This exclusion from the definition of "extractor" is because these persons qualify as farmers under RCW 82.04.213. (Persons identified under subsection (2)(a)(ii) and (iii) are also considered farmers.))) Persons who are farmers as defined in RCW 82.04.213. Refer to WAC 458-20-209 and 458-20-210 for tax-reporting information for farmers and persons selling property to or performing horticultural services for farmers.
(b) When an extractor is also a manufacturer. An
extractor may subsequently take an extracted product and use
it as a raw material in a manufacturing process. The
following examples explain when an extracting process ends and
a manufacturing process begins for various situations. These
examples should be used only as a general guide. ((Similar
determinations)) A determination of when extracting ends and
manufacturing begins for other situations can be made only
after a review of all of the facts and circumstances.
(i) Mining and quarrying. Mining and quarrying operations are extracting activities, and generally include the screening, sorting, and piling of rock, sand, stone, gravel, or ore. For example, an operation that extracts rock, then screens, sorts, and with no further processing places the rock into piles for sale, is an extracting operation.
(A) The crushing and/or blending of rock, sand, stone, gravel, or ore are manufacturing activities. These are manufacturing activities whether or not the materials were previously screened or sorted.
(B) Screening, sorting, piling, or washing of the
material, when the activity takes place in conjunction with
crushing or blending at the site where the materials are taken
or produced, is considered a part of the manufacturing
((activity)) operation if it takes place after the first
screen. If there is no separate first screen, only those
activities subsequent to the materials being deposited into
the screen are considered a part of the manufacturing
((activities)) operation.
(ii) Commercial fishing. Commercial fishing operations,
including the taking of any fish in Washington waters (within
the statutory limits of the state of Washington) and the
taking of shellfish or other sea or inland water foods or
products, are extracting activities. These activities often
include the removal of meat from the shell and the icing of
fish or sea products ((by the person catching or taking them
are extracting activities. As explained in subsection (2)(a),
a person taking fish, shellfish, or other sea or inland water
food or product cultivated or raised)).
(A) A person growing, raising, or producing a product of aquaculture as defined in RCW 15.85.020 on the person's own land or on land in which the person has a present right of possession is considered a farmer. RCW 82.04.213.
((The filleting, steaking, or)) (B) Cleaning (removal of
the head, fins, or viscera) ((of)), filleting, and/or steaking
fish are manufacturing activities. The cooking of fish or
seafood is also a manufacturing activity. Refer to RCW 82.04.260 and WAC 458-20-136 for information regarding the
special BO tax rate/classification that applies to the
manufacturing of seafood products that remain in a raw, raw
frozen, or raw salted state.
(C) The removal of meat from the shell or the icing of fish or sea products, when the activity is performed in conjunction with and at the site where manufacturing takes place (e.g., cooking the fish or seafood), is considered a part of the manufacturing operation.
(3) Tax-reporting responsibilities for income received by
extractors. ((Persons who extract natural products in this
state)) Extractors are subject to the extracting B&O tax upon
the value of the extracted products. (See WAC 458-20-112
regarding "value of products.") Extractors who sell the
products at retail or wholesale in this state are subject to
either the retailing or wholesaling B&O tax, as the case may
be. In such cases, the extractor must report under both the
"production" (extracting) and "selling" (wholesaling or
retailing) classifications of the B&O tax, and claim a tax
credit under the multiple activities tax credit (MATC). See
also WAC 458-20-19301 (Multiple activities tax credits) for a
more detailed explanation of the MATC reporting requirements.
For example, Corporation quarries rock without further processing. Corporation sells and delivers the rock to Landscaper, who is located in Washington. Landscaper provides Corporation with a resale certificate. Corporation should report under both the extracting and wholesaling BO tax classifications, and claim a MATC per WAC 458-20-19301. Had Corporation delivered the quarried rock to an out-of-state location, Corporation would have incurred only an extracting BO tax liability.
(a) When extractors use their products in a manufacturing process. Persons who extract products, use these extracted products in a manufacturing process, and then sell the products all within Washington are subject to both "production" taxes (extracting and manufacturing) and the "selling" tax (wholesaling or retailing), and may claim the appropriate credits under the MATC. (See also WAC 458-20-136 on manufacturing.)
For example, Company quarries rock (an extracting
activity), crushes and blends the rock (a manufacturing
activity), and sells the resulting product at ((wholesale))
retail. The taxable value of the extracted rock is $50,000
(the amount subject to the extracting B&O tax). The taxable
value of the crushed and blended rock is $140,000 (the amount
subject to the manufacturing B&O tax). The crushed and
blended rock is sold for $140,000 (the amount subject to the
((wholesaling)) retailing B&O tax). ((Under the MATC, Company
should report $50,000 subject to the extracting B&O tax,
$140,000 subject to the manufacturing B&O tax, and $140,000
subject to the wholesaling B&O tax. Company should then claim
the appropriate MATC per WAC 458-20-19301.)) Assume the tax
rates for the extracting and manufacturing B&O taxes are
.00484, and the tax rate for the retailing B&O tax is .00471.
Company should compute its tax liability as follows:
(i) Reporting BO tax on the combined excise tax return:
(A) Extracting BO tax liability of $242 ($50,000 x .00484);
(B) Manufacturing BO tax liability of $678 ($140,000 x .00484); and
(C) Retailing BO tax liability of $659 ($140,000 x .00471).
(ii) Completing the multiple activities tax credit (Part II of Schedule C):
| Activity which results in a tax credit | Taxable Amount | Business and Occupation Tax Reported | ||||
| Extracting | Manufacturing | Wholesaling | Retailing | Total Credit | ||
| Washington extracted products manufactured in Washington | 50,000 | 242 | 242 | 242 | ||
| Washington extracted products sold in Washington | ||||||
| Washington manufactured products sold in Washington | 140,000 | 678 | 659 | 659 | ||
| Multiple Activities Tax Credit Subtotal of taxes paid to Washington state | 901 | |||||
| Credit ID 800 | 901 | |||||
Schedule C helps taxpayers calculate and claim the multiple activities tax credit provided by RCW 82.04.440. In the Schedule C example above, materials that a person extracts and then uses in a manufacturing process in Washington are entered at their value when extracting ceases and manufacturing begins ($50,000 shown on the "Washington extracted products manufactured in Washington" line of the Schedule C). The taxable amount reported on the "Washington manufactured products sold in Washington" line of the Schedule C is the value of products at the point that manufacturing ceases ($140,000), not simply the value added by the manufacturing activity. For more information and examples that are helpful in determining the value of products, refer to WAC 458-20-112 (Value of products).
(b) When extractors sell their products at retail or wholesale. An extractor making retail sales must collect and remit retail sales tax on all sales to consumers, unless the sale is exempt by law (e.g., see WAC 458-20-244 regarding sales of certain food products). Extractors making wholesale sales must obtain resale certificates from their customers to document the wholesale nature of any transaction. (Refer to WAC 458-20-102 on resale certificates.)
(4) Tax-reporting responsibilities for income received by extractors for hire. Persons performing extracting activities for extractors are subject to the extracting for hire B&O tax upon their gross income from those services.
For example, a person removing ore, waste, or overburden at a mining pit for the operator of the mining operation is an extractor for hire. Likewise, a person drilling to locate or provide access to a satisfactory grade of ore at the mining pit for the operator is also an extractor for hire. The gross income derived from these activities is subject to the extracting for hire B&O tax classification.
(5) Mining or mineral rights. Royalties or charges in
the nature of royalties for granting another the privilege or
right to remove minerals, rock, sand, or other natural
resource product are subject to the service and other
activities B&O tax. The special B&O tax rate provided by RCW 82.04.2907 does not apply because this statute specifically
excludes compensation received for any natural ((product))
resource. Refer also to RCW 82.45.035 and WAC 458-61-520
(Mineral rights and mining claims) for more information
regarding the sale of mineral rights and the real estate
excise tax.
Income derived from the sale or rental of real property, whether designated as royalties or another term, is exempt of the B&O tax.
(6) Tax liability with respect to purchases of equipment or supplies and property extracted and/or manufactured for commercial or industrial use. The retail sales tax applies to all purchases of equipment, component parts of equipment, and supplies by persons engaging in extracting or extracting for hire activities unless a specific exemption applies. If the seller fails to collect the appropriate retail sales tax, the buyer is required to remit the retail sales tax (commonly referred to as "deferred retail sales tax") or use tax directly to the department.
(a) Exemption available for certain manufacturing equipment. RCW 82.08.02565 and 82.12.02565 provide retail sales and use tax exemptions for certain machinery and equipment used by manufacturers and processors for hire. While this exemption does not extend to extractors or extractors for hire, persons engaged in both extracting and manufacturing activities should refer to WAC 458-20-13601 for an explanation of how these exemptions may apply to them.
(b) Property manufactured for commercial or industrial use. Persons manufacturing tangible personal property for commercial or industrial use are subject to both the manufacturing B&O and use taxes upon the value of the property manufactured, unless a specific exemption applies. (See also WAC 458-20-134 on commercial or industrial use.)
If the person also extracts materials used in the manufacturing process, the extracting B&O tax is due on the value of the extracted materials and a MATC may be taken. For example, Quarry extracts rock, crushes the rock into desired size, and then uses the crushed rock in its parking lot. The use of the crushed rock by Quarry in its parking lot is a commercial or industrial use. Quarry is subject to the extracting and manufacturing B&O taxes and may claim a MATC. Quarry is also responsible for remitting use tax on the value of the crushed rock applied to the parking lot.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 82.32.300. 00-11-096, § 458-20-135, filed 5/17/00, effective 6/17/00; 86-09-058 (Order ET 86-7), § 458-20-135, filed 4/17/86; 83-07-034 (Order ET 83-17), § 458-20-135, filed 3/15/83. Statutory Authority: RCW 82.01.060(2) and 82.32.300. 78-07-045 (Order ET 78-4), § 458-20-135, filed 6/27/78; Order ET 70-3, § 458-20-135 (Rule 135), filed 5/29/70, effective 7/1/70.]