(2) The owner or operator must develop and follow a written schedule for inspecting all monitoring equipment, safety and emergency equipment, security devices, and operating and structural equipment that help prevent, detect, or respond to hazards to the public health or the environment. In addition:

     (a) ((He must keep)) The schedule must be kept at the facility;

     (b) The schedule must identify the types of problems which are to be looked for during inspections;

     (c) The schedule must indicate the frequency of inspection for specific items. The frequency should be based on the rate of possible deterioration of equipment, and the probability of an environmental or human health incident. Areas subject to spills must be inspected daily when in use. At a minimum the inspection schedule must also include the applicable items and frequencies required for the specific waste management methods described in 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R, 265.1033, 265.1052, 265.1053, 265.1058 and 265.1084 through 265.1090, for interim status facilities and in WAC 173-303-630 through 173-303-680, and 40 CFR 264.1033, 264.1052, 264.1053, 264.1058 and 264.1083 through 264.1089 for final status facilities; and

     (d) The owner or operator must keep an inspection log or summary, including at least the date and time of the inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a notation of the observations made, an account of spills or discharges in accordance with WAC 173-303-145, and the date and nature of any repairs or remedial actions taken. The log or summary must be kept at the facility for at least five years from the date of inspection.

     (3) The owner or operator must remedy any problems revealed by the inspection, on a schedule which prevents hazards to the public health and environment. Where a hazard is imminent or has already occurred, remedial action must be taken immediately.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-320, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-320, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-320, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-320, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-320, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-320, filed 2/10/82.]

     (2) If a facility receives dangerous waste accompanied by a manifest, the owner or operator, or his agent, must:

     (a) Sign and date each copy of the manifest to certify that the dangerous waste covered by the manifest was received;

     (b) Note any significant discrepancies in the manifest, as described in subsection (4) of this section, on each copy of the manifest;

     (c) Immediately give the transporter at least one copy of the signed manifest;

     (d) Within thirty days after the delivery, send a copy of the manifest to the generator; and

     (e) Retain at the facility a copy of each manifest for at least three years from the date of delivery.

     (3) If a facility receives, from a rail or water (bulk shipment) transporter, dangerous waste which is accompanied by a manifest or shipping paper containing all the information required on the manifest (excluding the EPA/state identification numbers, generator's certification, and signatures), the owner or operator, or his agent, must:

     (a) Sign and date each copy of the manifest or shipping paper to certify that the dangerous waste covered by the manifest or shipping paper was received;

     (b) Note any significant discrepancies in the manifest or shipping paper, as described in subsection (4) of this section, on each copy of the manifest or shipping paper;

     (c) Immediately give the rail or water (bulk shipment) transporter at least one copy of the manifest or shipping paper;

     (d) Within thirty days after the delivery, send a copy of the signed and dated manifest or shipping paper to the generator. However, if the manifest is not received within thirty days after the delivery, the owner or operator, or his agent, must send a copy of the signed and dated shipping paper to the generator; and

     (e) Retain at the facility a copy of each shipping paper and manifest for at least three years from the date of delivery.

     (4) Whenever a shipment of dangerous waste is initiated from a facility, the owner or operator of that facility must comply with the generator requirements of WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (5) Within three working days of the receipt of a shipment subject to 40 CFR part 262, subpart H (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)), the owner or operator of the facility must provide a copy of the tracking document bearing all required signatures to the notifier, to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Enforcement Planning, Targeting and Data Division (2222A), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, and to competent authorities of all other concerned countries. The original copy of the tracking document must be maintained at the facility for at least three years from the date of signature.

     (6) Manifest discrepancies.

     (a) Manifest discrepancies are significant discrepancies between the quantity or type of dangerous waste designated on the manifest or shipping paper and the quantity or type of dangerous waste a facility actually receives. Significant discrepancies in quantity are variations greater than ten percent in weight for bulk quantities (e.g., tanker trucks, railroad tank cars, etc.), or any variations in piece count for nonbulk quantities (i.e., any missing container or package would be a significant discrepancy). Significant discrepancies in type are obvious physical or chemical differences which can be discovered by inspection or waste analysis (e.g., waste solvent substituted for waste acid).

     (b) Upon discovering a significant discrepancy, the owner or operator must attempt to reconcile the discrepancy with the waste generator and transporter. If the discrepancy is not resolved within fifteen days after receiving the waste, the owner or operator must immediately submit to the department a letter describing the discrepancy and attempts to reconcile it, and a copy of the manifest or shipping paper at issue.

     (((5))) (7) Reasons for not accepting dangerous waste shipments. The owner or operator may decide that a dangerous shipment should not be accepted by his facility.

     (a) The following are acceptable reasons for denying receipt of a dangerous waste shipment:

     (i) The facility is not capable of properly managing the type(s) of dangerous waste in the shipment;

     (ii) There is a significant discrepancy (as described in subsection (4) of this section) between the shipment and the wastes listed on the manifest or shipping paper; or

     (iii) The shipment has arrived in a condition which the owner or operator believes would present an unreasonable hazard to facility operations, or to facility personnel handling the dangerous waste(s) (including, but not limited to, leaking or damaged containers, and improperly labeled containers).

     (b) The owner or operator may send the shipment on to the alternate facility designated on the manifest or shipping paper, or contact the generator to identify another facility capable of handling the waste and provide for its delivery to that other facility, unless, the containers are damaged to such an extent, or the dangerous waste is in such a condition as to present a hazard to the public health or the environment in the process of further transportation.

     (c) If the dangerous waste shipment cannot leave the facility for the reasons described in (b) of this subsection, then the owner or operator must take those actions described in the contingency plan, WAC 173-303-350 (3)(b).

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-370, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-370, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-370, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-370, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.]

     (a) A description of and the quantity of each dangerous waste received or managed on-site, and the method(s) and date(s) of its treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility as required by subsection (2) of this section, recordkeeping instructions;

     (b) The location of each dangerous waste within the facility and the quantity at each location. For disposal facilities, the location and quantity of each dangerous waste must be recorded on a map or diagram of each cell or disposal area. For all facilities, this information must include cross-references to specific manifest document numbers, if the waste was accompanied by a manifest;

     (c) Records and results of waste analyses, waste determinations (as required by Subpart CC), and trial tests required by WAC 173-303-300, General waste analysis, and by 40 CFR sections 264.1034, 264.1063, 264.1083, 265.1034, 265.1063, 265.1084, 268.4(a), and 268.7;

     (d) Summary reports and details of all incidents that require implementing the contingency plan, as specified in WAC 173-303-360 (2)(k);

     (e) Records and results of inspections as required by WAC 173-303-320 (2)(d), General inspection (except such information need be kept only for five years);

     (f) Monitoring, testing, or analytical data, and corrective action where required by 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R and sections 265.1034 (c) through (f), 265.1035, 265.1063 (d) through (i), 265.1064, and 265.1083 through 265.1090 for interim status facilities, and by WAC 173-303-630 through 173-303-695 and 40 CFR sections 264.1034 (c) through (f), 264.1035, 264.1063 (d) through (i), 264.1064, and 264.1082 through 264.1090 for final status facilities;

     (g) All closure and post-closure cost estimates required for the facility;

     (h) For off-site facilities, copies of notices to generators informing them that the facility has all appropriate permits, as required by WAC 173-303-290, Required notices;

     (i) Records of the quantities (and date of placement) for each shipment of hazardous waste placed in land disposal units under an extension to the effective date of any land disposal restriction granted pursuant to 40 CFR 268.5, a petition pursuant to 40 CFR 268.6, and the applicable notice required by a generator under 40 CFR 268.7(a);

     (j) For an off-site treatment facility, a copy of the notice, and the certification and demonstration, if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7;

     (k) For an on-site treatment facility, the information contained in the notice (except the manifest number), and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7;

     (l) For an off-site land disposal facility, a copy of the notice, and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator of a treatment facility under 40 CFR 268.7;

     (m) For an on-site land disposal facility, the information contained in the notice required by the generator or owner or operator of a treatment facility under 40 CFR 268.7, except for the manifest number;

     (n) For an off-site storage facility, a copy of the notice, and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7;

     (o) For an on-site storage facility, the information contained in the notice (except the manifest number), and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7; ((and))

     (p) Any records required under WAC 173-303-280(6); and

     (q) A certification by the permittee no less often than annually, that the permittee has a program in place to reduce the volume and toxicity of hazardous waste that they generate to the degree determined by the permittee to be economically practicable; and the proposed method of treatment, storage or disposal is that practicable method currently available to the permittee which minimizes the present and future threat to human health and the environment.

     (2) Recordkeeping instructions. This paragraph provides instructions for recording the portions of the operating record which are related to describing the types, quantities, and management of dangerous wastes at the facility. This information must be recorded, as it becomes available, and maintained in the operating record until closure of the facility, as follows:

     (a) Each dangerous waste received, treated, stored, or disposed of at the facility must be described by its common name and by its dangerous waste number(s) from WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-104. Each listed, characteristic, and criteria waste has its own four-digit dangerous waste number. Where a dangerous waste contains more than one process waste or waste constituent the waste description must include all applicable dangerous waste numbers. If the dangerous waste number is not listed, the waste description must include the process which generated the waste;

     (b) The waste description must include the waste's physical form (i.e., liquid, solid, sludge, or contained gas);

     (c) The estimated or manifest-reported weight, or volume and density, where applicable, of the dangerous waste must be recorded, using one of the units of measure specified in Table 1, below; and

TABLE 1

Unit of Measure	Code1
Gallons . . . . . . . . . . . .	G
Gallons per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . .	E
Gallons per Day . . . . . . . . . . . .	U
Liters . . . . . . . . . . . .	L
Liters per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . .	H
Liters per Day . . . . . . . . . . . .	V
Short tons (2000 lbs) . . . . . . . . . . . .	T
Short Tons per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . .	D
Metric Tons per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . .	W
Short Tons per Day . . . . . . . . . . . .	N
Metric Tons per Day . . . . . . . . . . . .	S
Pounds . . . . . . . . . . . .	P
Pounds per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . .	J
Kilograms . . . . . . . . . . . .	K
Kilograms per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . .	R
Cubic yards . . . . . . . . . . . .	Y
Cubic meters . . . . . . . . . . . .	C
Acres . . . . . . . . . . . .	B
Acres-feet . . . . . . . . . . . .	A
Hectares . . . . . . . . . . . .	Q
Hectare-meter . . . . . . . . . . . .	F
Btu's per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . .	I

Footnote:

1Single-digit symbols are used here for data processing purposes.

     (d) The method(s) (by handling code(s)) of management for each dangerous waste received or managed, and the date(s) of treatment, recycling, storage, or disposal must be recorded, using the handling code(s) specified in Table 2, below.

     1. Storage

          S01 Container (barrel, drum, etc.)

          S02 Tank

          S03 Waste pile

          S04 Surface impoundment

          S05 Drip Pad

          S06 Containment Building (Storage)

          S99 Other storage (specify)

     2. Treatment

          (a) Thermal Treatment

          T06 Liquid injection incinerator

          T07 Rotary kiln incinerator

          T08 Fluidized bed incinerator

          T09 Multiple hearth incinerator

          T10 Infrared furnace incinerator

          T11 Molten salt destructor

          T12 Pyrolysis

          T13 Wet air oxidation

          T14 Calcination

          T15 Microwave discharge

          T18 Other (specify)

          (b) Chemical treatment

          T19 Absorption mound

          T20 Absorption field

          T21 Chemical fixation

          T22 Chemical oxidation

          T23 Chemical precipitation

          T24 Chemical reduction

          T25 Chlorination

          T26 Chlorinolysis

          T27 Cyanide destruction

          T28 Degradation

          T29 Detoxification

          T30 Ion exchange

          T31 Neutralization

          T32 Ozonation

          T33 Photolysis

          T34 Other (specify)

          (c) Physical treatment

          (i) Separation of components

          T35 Centrifugation

          T36 Clarification

          T37 Coagulation

          T38 Decanting

          T39 Encapsulation

          T40 Filtration

          T41 Flocculation

          T42 Flotation

          T43 Foaming

          T44 Sedimentation

          T45 Thickening

          T46 Ultrafiltration

          T47 Other (specify)

          (ii) Removal of specific components

          T48 Absorption-molecular sieve

          T49 Activated carbon

          T50 Blending

          T51 Catalysis

          T52 Crystallization

          T53 Dialysis

          T54 Distillation

          T55 Electrodialysis

          T56 Electrolysis

          T57 Evaporation

          T58 High gradient magnetic separation

          T59 Leaching

          T60 Liquid ion exchange

          T61 Liquid-liquid extraction

          T62 Reverse osmosis

          T63 Solvent recovery

          T64 Stripping

          T65 Sand filter

          T66 Other (specify)

          (d) Biological treatment

          T67 Activated sludge

          T68 Aerobic lagoon

          T69 Aerobic tank

          T70 Anaerobic tank

          T71 Composting

          T72 Septic tank

          T73 Spray irrigation

          T74 Thickening filter

          T75 Trickling filter

          T76 Waste stabilization pond

          T77 Other (specify)

          T78-79 (Reserved)

          (e) Boilers and industrial furnaces

          T80 Boiler

          T81 Cement kiln

          T82 Lime kiln

          T83 Aggregate kiln

          T84 Phosphate kiln

          T85 Coke oven

          T86 Blast furnace

          T87 Smelting, melting, or refining furnace

          T88 Titanium dioxide chloride process oxidation

               reactor

          T89 Methane reforming furnace

          T90 Pulping liquor recovery furnace

          T91 Combustion device used in the recovery of

               sulfur values from spent sulfuric acid

          T92 Halogen acid furnaces

          T93 Other industrial furnaces listed in WAC

               173-303-040 (specify)

          (f) Other treatment

          T94 Containment building (treatment)

     3. Disposal

          D79 Underground injection

          D80 Landfill

          D81 Land treatment

          D82 Ocean disposal

          D83 Surface impoundment

               (to be closed as a landfill)

          D99 Other disposal (specify)

     4. Miscellaneous (Subpart X)

          X01 Open burning/open detonation

          X02 Mechanical processing

          X03 Thermal unit

          X04 Geologic repository

          X99 Other Subpart X (specify)

     (3) Availability, retention and disposition of records.

     (a) All facility records, including plans, required by this chapter must be furnished upon request, and made available at all reasonable times for inspection, by any officer, employee, or representative of the department who is designated by the director.

     (b) The retention period for all facility records required under this chapter is extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the facility or as requested by the director.

     (c) A copy of records of waste disposal locations and quantities under this section must be submitted to the United States EPA regional administrator, the department, and the local land use and planning authority upon closure of the facility.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-380, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-380, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-380, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-380, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-380, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-380, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-380, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-380, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.]

     (1) Unmanifested waste reports. If a facility accepts any dangerous waste from an off-site source without an accompanying manifest or shipping paper, and if the waste is not excluded from the manifest requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC, then the owner or operator must prepare and submit a single copy of a report to the department within fifteen days after receiving the waste. The report form and instructions in the Unmanifested Dangerous Waste Report must be used for this report. The report must include at least the following information:

     (a) The EPA/state identification number, name, and address of the facility;

     (b) The date the facility received the waste;

     (c) The EPA/state identification number, name, and address of the generator and the transporter, if available;

     (d) A description and the quantity of each unmanifested dangerous waste the facility received;

     (e) The method of management for each dangerous waste;

     (f) The certification signed by the owner or operator of the facility or his authorized representative; and

     (g) A brief explanation of why the waste was unmanifested, if known.

     (2) Annual reports. The owner or operator of a facility that holds an active EPA/state identification number must prepare and submit a single copy of an annual report to the department by March 1 of each year. The report form and instructions in the Dangerous Waste Annual Report (which may be obtained from the department) must be used for this report. In addition, any facility which ships dangerous waste off-site must comply with the annual reporting requirements of WAC 173-303-220. The annual report must cover facility activities during the previous calendar year and must include, but is not limited to the following information:

     (a) The EPA/state identification number, name, and address of the facility;

     (b) The calendar year covered by the report;

     (c) For off-site facilities, the EPA/state identification number of each dangerous waste generator from which the facility received a dangerous waste during the year. For imported shipments, the report must give the name and address of the foreign generator;

     (d) A description and the quantity of each dangerous waste the facility received during the year. For off-site facilities, this information must be listed by EPA/state identification number of each generator;

     (e) The method of treatment, storage, or disposal for each dangerous waste;

     (f) The most recent closure cost estimate under WAC 173-303-620(3) (or 40 CFR 265.142 for interim status facilities), and for disposal facilities, the most recent post-closure cost estimate under WAC 173-303-620(5) (or 40 CFR 265.144 for interim status facilities); ((and))

     (g) For generators who treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste on-site, a description of the efforts undertaken during the year to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste generated;

     (h) For generators who treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste on-site, a description of the changes in volume and toxicity of waste actually achieved during the year in comparison to previous years to the extent such information is available for the years prior to 1984; and

     (i) The certification signed in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-810(12).

     (3) Additional reports. The owner or operator must report to the department:

     (a) Releases of dangerous wastes, fires, and explosions as specified in WAC 173-303-360 (2)(k);

     (b) Interim status ground water monitoring data, as specified in 40 CFR 265.94 (a)(2) and (b)(2);

     (c) Facility closures specified in WAC 173-303-610(6); and

     (d) As otherwise required by WAC 173-303-645 through 173-303-665, WAC 173-303-690 through 173-303-692, and WAC 173-303-400.

     The owner or operator must also submit any other reports (including engineering reports, plans, and specifications) required by the department.

     (4) Recordkeeping. The owner/operator of a facility must keep a copy of all unmanifested waste reports, annual reports, and any other reports submitted to the department according to the requirements of this section for a period of three years from the date the report was submitted. Note that some records must be kept until closure of the facility as otherwise required under WAC 173-303-380.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-390, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-390, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-390, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-390, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-390, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-390, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-390, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-390, filed 2/10/82.]

     (a) The owner or operator must take precautions to prevent accidental ignition or reaction of ignitable or reactive waste. This waste must be separated and protected from sources of ignition or reaction including, but not limited to, open flames, smoking, cutting and welding, hot surfaces, frictional heat, sparks (static, electrical, or mechanical), spontaneous ignition (e.g., from heat-producing chemical reactions), and radiant heat. While ignitable or reactive waste is being handled, the owner or operator must confine smoking and open flame to specially designated locations. "No smoking" signs must be conspicuously placed wherever there is a hazard from ignitable or reactive waste.

     (b) Where specifically required by other sections of this chapter 173-303 WAC, the treatment, storage, or disposal of ignitable or reactive waste, and the mixture or commingling of incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials, must be conducted so that it does not:

     (i) Generate extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or violent reaction;

     (ii) Produce uncontrolled toxic mists, fumes, dusts, or gases in sufficient quantities to threaten human health or the environment;

     (iii) Produce uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in sufficient quantities to pose a risk of fire or explosions;

     (iv) Damage the structural integrity of the facility or device containing the waste; or

     (v) Through other like means, threaten human health or the environment.

     (c) When required to comply with (a) and (b) of this subsection, the owner or operator must document that compliance in the operating record required under WAC 173-303-380(1). This documentation may be based on references to published scientific or engineering literature, data from trial tests, waste analyses, or the results of the treatment of similar wastes by similar treatment processes and under similar operating conditions.

     (d) At least yearly, the owner or operator must inspect those areas of his facility where ignitable or reactive wastes are stored. This inspection must be performed in the presence of a professional person who is familiar with the ((Uniform)) International Fire Code, or in the presence of the local, state, or federal fire marshal. The owner or operator must enter the following information in his inspection log or operating record as a result of this inspection:

     (i) The date and time of the inspection;

     (ii) The name of the professional inspector or fire marshal;

     (iii) A notation of the observations made; and

     (iv) Any remedial actions which were taken as a result of the inspection.

     (2) Compliance with other environmental protection laws and regulations. In receiving, storing, handling, treating, processing, or disposing of dangerous wastes, the owner/operator must design, maintain and operate his dangerous waste facility in compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations (e.g., control of stormwater or sanitary water discharge, control of volatile air emissions, etc.).

     (3) Reserve.

     (4) Loading and unloading areas. TSD facilities which receive or ship manifested shipments of liquid dangerous waste for treatment, storage or disposal must provide for and use an area (or areas) for loading and unloading waste shipments. The loading and unloading area(s) must be designed, constructed, operated and maintained to:

     (a) Contain spills and leaks that might occur during loading or unloading;

     (b) Prevent release of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents to ground or surface waters;

     (c) Contain wash waters (if any) resulting from the cleaning of contaminated transport vehicles and load/unload equipment; and

     (d) Allow for removal, as soon as possible, of collected wastes resulting from spills, leaks and equipment cleaning (if any) in a manner which assures compliance with (b) of this subsection.

     (5) Storage time limit for impoundments and piles.

     (a) Except as provided in (b) or (c) of this subsection, dangerous waste may not be stored in a surface impoundment or waste pile for more than five years after the waste was first placed in the impoundment or pile. For the purposes of this requirement, the five-year limit, for waste regulated under this chapter and being stored in impoundments or piles on the effective date of this requirement, will begin on August 1, 1984. The age of stored wastes must be determined on a monthly basis.

     The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile used for storing dangerous waste must develop a written plan, to be kept at the facility, for complying with the five-year storage limit. The plan must describe the operating conditions, waste identification procedures (for keeping track of the age of the wastes), and a waste removal schedule, and at a minimum the plan must include the following elements:

     (i) Methods for identifying the age of dangerous wastes placed in the impoundment or pile;

     (ii) Where practical, procedures for segregating wastes of different ages. If the wastes cannot be practically segregated, then the age of all wastes placed in the impoundment or pile must be deemed the same age as the oldest waste in the impoundment or pile;

     (iii) A schedule for removing dangerous waste from the impoundment or pile, or for disposing of them in a timely manner to assure compliance with the five-year limit;

     (iv) A description of the actions to be taken according to the schedule required by (a)(iii) of this subsection;

     (v) Procedures for noting in the operating record required by WAC 173-303-380(1) that the requirements of this subsection have been satisfied; and

     (vi) Such other requirements as the department specifies.

     (b) If the owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile can develop a written plan and schedule for developing and implementing a recycling or treatment process for the wastes stored in his impoundment or pile, then the department may grant an extension to the storage time limit required in (a) of this subsection. Such extension will be granted only once, will only apply to those dangerous wastes covered by the recycling or treatment plan and which are less than five years old on the date that the plan is approved by the department, and will not exceed five years: Provided, That on a case-by-case basis the department may grant an extension of longer than five years, but in no case will any extension be granted for longer than ten years, if the owner/operator of the impoundment or pile can demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that an extension of more than five years will not pose a threat to public health or the environment, and is necessary because: Other treatment or recycling options of shorter durations are not available; the treatment or recycling plan developed by the owner/operator cannot be implemented within five years due to technological circumstances; or, such other reasons as are determined acceptable by the department. Until the department grants the extension by approving the recycling or treatment plan, the owner/operator must continue to comply with the requirements of (a) of this subsection. The recycling or treatment plan and schedule, at a minimum, must:

     (i) Specify the wastes which will be recycled or treated in accordance with the plan;

     (ii) Describe in detail the recycling or treatment which the owner/operator intends to perform. If the recycling or treatment will involve physical changes to the owner's/operator's facility, the plan must include descriptions of all necessary equipment, processes to be used, site plans, and maps to show any new structures, pipes, channels, waste handling areas, roads, etc.;

     (iii) Discuss any permit actions (including issuance or modification) necessary under this chapter, and any other permits which will be required under other federal, state or local laws;

     (iv) Establish a schedule for complying with the plan. The schedule must, at a minimum, cover:

     (A) The rate at which wastes will be recycled or treated in order to comply with the extension granted by the department;

     (B) Construction and equipment installation times as appropriate;

     (C) Timing for complying with all required permit actions; and

     (D) Such other elements as the department might require;

     (v) Describe how the owner/operator will continue to comply with the requirements of (a) of this subsection for all wastes not specified in (b)(i) of this subsection;

     (vi) Identify any future occurrences or situations which the owner/operator could reasonably expect to occur and which might cause him to fail to comply with his recycling or treatment plan. The owner/operator must also describe what actions he would take in the event that such occurrences or situations happen;

     (vii) Be approved by the department. The plan may not be implemented until it is approved by the department including, if necessary, issuance or modification of a facility permit as required by this chapter. Any extension granted by the department will begin on the date that the plan is approved, or the date five years after the effective date of this subsection, whichever is later; and

     (viii) Include any other elements that the department might require.

     (c) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile is exempted from the requirements of (a) and (b) of this subsection if:

     (i) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile can demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that the impoundment or pile is not used primarily for storage, but that it is primarily used to actively and effectively neutralize, detoxify, or other wise treat dangerous waste; or

     (ii) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile can demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that dangerous waste is removed on a frequent basis (at least four times a year) for treatment, recycling or disposal, provided that the amount of waste removed during any five-year period must equal or exceed the amount of waste placed in the impoundment or pile during that five-year period. However, this exemption does not apply to waste removal which is being performed pursuant to a recycling or treatment plan developed and approved under (b) of this subsection; or

     (iii) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile has demonstrated, through his permit, closure plan or other instrument, that the impoundment or pile is being operated as a land disposal unit and that it will be closed as a landfill.

     (6) Labeling for containers and tanks. The owner or operator must label containers and tanks in a manner which adequately identifies the major risk(s) associated with the contents for employees, emergency response personnel and the public (Note -- If there is already a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate). The owner or operator must ensure that labels are not obscured, removed, or otherwise unreadable in the course of inspection required under WAC 173-303-320. For tanks, the label or sign must be legible at a distance of at least fifty feet. For containers, the owner or operator must affix labels upon transfer of dangerous waste from one container to another. The owner or operator must destroy or otherwise remove labels from the emptied container, unless the container will continue to be used for storing dangerous waste at the facility.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-395, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-395, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-395, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-395, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-395, filed 2/10/82.]

     (2) Applicability.

     (a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 265.1080(b), the interim status standards apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, transfer, and/or dispose of dangerous waste. For purposes of this section, interim status applies to all facilities that comply fully with the requirements for interim status under Section 3005(e) of the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act or WAC 173-303-805. The interim status standards also apply to those owners and operators of facilities in existence on November 19, 1980, for RCRA wastes and those facilities in existence on August 9, 1982, for state only wastes who have failed to provide the required notification pursuant to WAC 173-303-060 or failed to file Part A of the permit application pursuant to WAC 173-303-805 (4) and (5). Interim status will end after final administrative disposition of the Part B permit application is completed, or may be terminated for the causes described in WAC 173-303-805(8).

     (b) Interim status facilities must meet the interim status standards by November 19, 1980, except that:

     (i) Interim status facilities which handle only state designated wastes (i.e., not designated by 40 CFR Part 261) must meet the interim status standards by August 9, 1982; and

     (ii) Interim status facilities must comply with the additional state interim status requirements specified in subsection (3)(c)(ii), (iii) and (v), of this section, by August 9, 1982.

     (c) The requirements of the interim status standards do not apply to:

     (i) Persons disposing of dangerous waste subject to a permit issued under the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act;

     (ii) Reserved;

     (iii) The owner or operator of a POTW who treats, stores, or disposes of dangerous wastes, provided that he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(4);

     (iv) The owner or operator of a totally enclosed treatment facility or elementary neutralization or wastewater treatment units as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(5);

     (v) Generators accumulating waste for less than ninety days except to the extent WAC 173-303-200 provides otherwise;

     (vi) The addition, by a generator, of absorbent material to waste in a container, or of waste to absorbent material in a container, provided that these actions occur at the time the waste is first placed in containers or, in the case of repackaging of previously containerized waste into new containers, at the time the waste is first placed into the new containers and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b);

     (vii) The compaction or sorting, by a generator, of miscellaneous waste forms such as cans, rags, and bottles in a container, so long as the activity is solely for the purpose of reducing waste void space, and so long as these activities are conducted in a manner that protects human health and prevents any release to the environment and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b);

     (viii) Generators treating dangerous waste on-site in tanks, containers, or containment buildings that are used for accumulation of such wastes provided the generator complies with the WAC 173-303-170(3);

     (ix) The owner or operator of an elementary neutralization unit or a wastewater treatment unit as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that if the owner or operator is diluting hazardous ignitable (D001) wastes (other than the D001 High TOC Subcategory defined in 40 CFR section 268.40, Table Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes), or reactive (D003) waste, to remove the characteristic before land disposal, the owner/operator must comply with the requirements set out in WAC 173-303-395 (1)(a); and

     (x) Any person, other than an owner or operator who is already subject to the final facility standards, who is carrying out an immediate or emergency response to contain or treat a discharge or potential discharge of a dangerous waste or hazardous substance.

     (xi) Universal waste handlers and universal waste transporters (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) handling the wastes listed below. These handlers are subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-573, when handling the below listed universal wastes.

     (A) Batteries as described in WAC 173-303-573(2); ((and))

     (B) Thermostats as described in WAC 173-303-573(3)((.));

     (C) Mercury-containing equipment as described in WAC 173-303-573(4); and

     (D) Lamps as described in WAC 173-303-573(5).

     (xii) WAC 173-303-578 identifies when the requirements of this section apply to the storage of military munitions classified as solid waste under WAC 173-303-578(2). The treatment and disposal of dangerous waste military munitions are subject to the applicable permitting, procedural, and technical standards in this chapter.

     (xiii)(A) Except as provided in (c)(xiii)(B) of this subsection, a person engaged in treatment or containment activities during immediate response to any of the following situations:

     (I) A discharge of a dangerous waste;

     (II) An imminent and substantial threat of a discharge of dangerous waste;

     (III) A discharge of a material that, when discharged, becomes a dangerous waste;

     (IV) An immediate threat to human health, public safety, property, or the environment, from the known or suspected presence of military munitions, other explosive material, or an explosive device, as determined by an explosive or munitions emergency response specialist as defined in WAC 173-303-040.

     (B) An owner or operator of a facility otherwise regulated by WAC 173-303-600 must comply with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-340 and 173-303-350.

     (C) Any person who is covered by (c)(xiii)(A) of this section and who continues or initiates dangerous waste treatment or containment activities after the immediate response is over is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter for those activities.

     (D) In the case of an explosives or munitions emergency response, if a federal, state, tribal or local official acting within the scope of his or her official responsibilities, or an explosives or munitions emergency response specialist, determines that immediate removal of the material or waste is necessary to protect human health or the environment, that official or specialist may authorize the removal of the material or waste by transporters who do not have EPA/state identification numbers and without the preparation of a manifest. In the case of emergencies involving military munitions, the responding military emergency response specialist's organizational unit must retain records for three years identifying the dates of the response, the responsible persons responding, the type and description of material addressed, and its disposition.

     (3) Standards.

     (a) Interim status standards are the standards set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency in 40 CFR Part 265 Section 265.19 of Subpart B, Subparts F through R, Subpart W, Subparts AA, BB, CC (including references to 40 CFR Parts 60, 61, and 63), DD, EE, and Appendix VI, which are incorporated by reference into this regulation (including, by reference, any EPA requirements specified in those subparts which are not otherwise explicitly described in this chapter), and:

     (i) The land disposal restrictions of WAC 173-303-140; the facility requirements of WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-440 except WAC 173-303-335; and the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-646;

     (ii) WAC 173-303-630(3), for containers. In addition, for container storage, the department may require that the storage area include secondary containment in accordance with WAC 173-303-630(7), if the department determines that there is a potential threat to public health or the environment due to the nature of the wastes being stored, or due to a history of spills or releases from stored containers. Any new container storage areas constructed or installed after September 30, 1986, must comply with the provisions of WAC 173-303-630(7).

     (iii) WAC 173-303-640 (5)(d), for tanks; and

     (iv) WAC 173-303-805.

     (b) For purposes of applying the interim status standards of 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R, Subpart W, and Subparts AA, BB, CC, DD, and EE to the state of Washington facilities, the federal terms have (and in the case of the wording used in the financial instruments referenced in Subpart H of Part 265, must be replaced with) the following state of Washington meanings:

     (i) "Regional administrator" means the "department" except for 40 CFR Parts 270.2; 270.3; 270.5; 270.10 (e)(1),(2) and (4); 270.10 (f) and (g); 270.11 (a)(3); 270.14 (b)(20); 270.32 (b)(2); and 270.51;

     (ii) "Hazardous" means "dangerous" except for Subparts AA, BB, CC, and DD. These subparts apply only to hazardous waste as defined in WAC 173-303-040;

     (iii) "Compliance procedure" has the meaning set forth in WAC 173-303-040, Definitions;

     (iv) "EPA hazardous waste numbers" mean "dangerous waste numbers".

     (c) In addition to the changes described in (b) of this subsection, the following modifications are made to interim status standards of 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R, Subpart W, and Subparts AA, BB, CC, DD, and EE:

     (i) The words "the effective date of these regulations" means:

     (A) November 19, 1980, for facilities which manage any wastes designated by 40 CFR Part 261;

     (B) For wastes which become designated by 40 CFR Part 261 subsequent to November 19, 1980, the effective date is the date on which the wastes become regulated;

     (C) March 12, 1982, for facilities which manage wastes designated only by WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100 and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261;

     (D) For wastes which become designated only by WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100 and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261 subsequent to March 12, 1982, the effective date is the date on which the wastes become regulated.

     (ii) "Subpart N - landfills" has an additional section added which reads: "An owner/operator must not landfill an organic carcinogen or an EHW, as defined by WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100, except at the EHW facility at Hanford";

     (iii) "Subpart R - underground injection" has an additional section which reads: "Owners and operators of wells are prohibited from disposing of EHW or an organic carcinogen designated under WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100";

     (iv) "Subpart M - land treatment," section 265.273(b) is modified to replace the words "Part 261, Subpart D of this chapter" with "WAC 173-303-080";

     (v) "Subpart F - ground water monitoring," section 265.91(c) includes the requirement that: "Ground water monitoring wells must be designed, constructed, and operated so as to prevent ground water contamination. Chapter 173-160 WAC may be used as guidance in the installation of wells";

     (vi) "Subpart H - financial requirements" has an additional section which reads: "Any owner or operator who can provide financial assurances and instruments which satisfy the requirements of WAC 173-303-620 will be deemed to be in compliance with 40 CFR Part 265 Subpart H" In 40 CFR Parts 265.143(g) and 265.145(g) the following sentence does not apply to the state: "If the facilities covered by the mechanisms are in more than one Region, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to, and maintained with the Regional Administrators of all such Regions." Instead, the following sentence applies: "If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state." In addition, the following sections and any cross-reference to these sections are not incorporated by reference: 40 CFR Parts 265.149 and 265.150; and

     (vii) "Subpart J - tank systems" section 265.193(a) is modified so that the dates by which secondary containment (which meets the requirements of that section) must be provided are the same as the dates in WAC 173-303-640 (4)(a).

     (viii) "Subpart J - tank systems" section 265.191(a) is modified so that the date by which an assessment of a tank system's integrity must be completed is January 12, 1990.

     (ix) "Subpart G - closure and post-closure" section 265.112(4)(d) is modified to read "The owner or operator must submit the closure plan to the department at least 45 days prior to the date on which they expect to begin closure of a tank, container storage, or incinerator unit, or final closure of a facility with such a unit." In addition, section 265.112(4)(d) is modified to read "Owners or operators with approved closure plans must notify the department in writing at least 45 days prior to the date on which they expect to begin closure of a tank, container storage, or incinerator unit, or final closure of a facility with such a unit." Section 265.115 is modified to read "Within 60 days of completion of closure of each dangerous waste management unit (including tank systems and container storage areas) and within 60 days of completion of final closure((...)) , the owner or operator must submit to the department, by registered mail, a certification that the dangerous waste management unit or facility, as applicable, has been closed in accordance with the specifications in the approved closure plan." In addition, the clean-up levels for removal or decontamination set forth at WAC 173-303-610 (2)(b) apply.

     (x) "Subpart B - general facility standards. References to "EPA" (etc.), means the "department" except at 40 CFR 265.11. Additionally, references to "administrator" (etc.), means the "director" except at 40 CFR 265.12(a)."

     (xi) The following sections and any cross-reference to these sections are not incorporated or adopted by reference:

     (A) 40 CFR Parts 260.1 (b)(4)-(6) and 260.20-22.

     (B) 40 CFR Parts 264.1 (d) and (f); 265.1 (c)(4); 264.149-150 and 265.149-150; 264.301(k); and 265.430.

     (C) 40 CFR Parts 268.5 and 6; 268 Subpart B; 268.42(b); and 268.44 (a) through (g).

     (D) 40 CFR Parts 270.1 (c)(1)(i); 270.60(b); and 270.64.

     (E) 40 CFR Parts 124.1 (b)-(e); 124.4; 124.5(e); 124.9; 124.10 (a)(1)(iv); 124.12(e); 124.14(d); 124.15 (b)(2); 124.16; 124.17(b); 124.18; 124.19; and 124.21.

     (F) 40 CFR Parts 2.106(b); 2.202(b); 2.205(i); 2.209 (b)-(c); 2.212-213; and 2.301-311.

     (G) 40 CFR 265.110(c), 40 CFR 265.118 (c)(4), 40 CFR 265.121 and 40 CFR 265.1080 (e) and (f).

     (xii) "Subpart EE - Hazardous waste munitions and explosives storage." The first sentence at 40 CFR 265.1202 is modified to exclude the exception for hazardous wastes managed under 261.3(d).

     (4) The requirements of this section apply to owners or operators of all facilities that treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste referred to in 40 CFR Part 268, and the 40 CFR Part 268 standards are considered material conditions or requirements of the interim status standards incorporated by reference in subsection (3) of this section.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-400, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-400, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-400, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-400, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-400, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-400, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-400, filed 1/4/89; 88-02-057 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-400, filed 1/5/88, effective 2/5/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-400, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-400, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-400, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-400, filed 2/10/82.]

     (a) This section applies to recyclable materials that are applied to or placed on the land:

     (i) Without mixing with any other substance(s); or

     (ii) After mixing or combining with any other substance(s). These materials will be referred to as "materials used in a manner that constitutes disposal."

     (b)(i) Products produced for the general public's use that are used in a manner that constitutes disposal and that contain recyclable materials are not presently subject to regulation if the recyclable materials have undergone a chemical reaction in the course of producing the product so as to become inseparable by physical means and if such products meet the applicable treatment standards in 40 CFR Part 268 Subpart D (or applicable prohibition levels in 268.32 or RCRA section 3004(d), where no treatment standards have been established) for each recyclable material (i.e., hazardous waste) that they contain. ((Registered commercial fertilizers that are produced for the general public's use that contain recyclable materials also are not subject to regulation provided they meet these same treatment standards or prohibition levels for each recyclable material that they contain. For the purpose of implementation of this section, fertilizers that contain recyclable material derived from state-only waste must also meet the treatment standards in 40 CFR Part 268 Subpart D that apply to the characteristics of dangerous waste that the state-only waste exhibits. The prohibition levels for fertilizer using K061, in mg/l, are as follows: Arsenic, 5.0; Barium, 100.0; Cadmium, 1.0; Chromium (Total), 5.0; Lead, 5.0; Mercury, 0.20; Selenium, 5.7; and Silver, 5.0. The department may recommend registration under chapter 15.54 RCW for a waste-derived fertilizer (including fertilizers that contain recyclable material) or micronutrient fertilizer: Provided, That the registrant submits the information described in (b)(i)(A) or (B) of this subsection:

     (A) Initial Criteria.

     (I) The applicable Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) Certification as described in 40 CFR Part 268, or toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) data that indicate the product contains less than the maximum concentrations for TCLP metals described in WAC 173-303-090(8); and

     (II) Total Halogenated Organic Compounds (HOC) test data that indicate the product contains less than 1% total HOC.

     (B) Secondary Criteria.

     (I) A complete description of the fertilizer manufacturing process, including the location of the manufacturing facility; and

     (II) A complete list of all ingredients used in manufacturing the fertilizer and a complete description of the sources of those ingredients, including a description of the original process and location for each of those ingredients; and

     (III) Evidence that any waste(s) used in manufacturing the product does not designate as dangerous waste according to procedures described in WAC 173-303-070; and

     (IV) Other information as required by the department.))

     (ii) Antiskid/deicing uses of slags, which are generated from high temperature metals recovery (HTMR) processing of dangerous waste K061, K062, and F006, in a manner constituting disposal are not covered by the exemption in (b)(i) of this subsection and remain subject to regulation.

     (iii) Fertilizers that contain recyclable materials are not subject to regulation provided that:

     (A) They are zinc fertilizers excluded according to WAC 173-303-071 (3)(pp); or

     (B) They meet the applicable treatment standards in subpart D of Part 268, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a) for each hazardous waste that they contain.

     (Note: Fertilizers that contain recyclable material derived from state-only waste must also meet the treatment standards in WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a) that apply to the characteristics of dangerous waste that the state-only waste exhibits.)

     (iv) The prohibition levels for fertilizer using K061, in mg/l, are as follows: Arsenic, 5.0; Barium, 100.0; Cadmium, 1.0; Chromium (Total), 5.0; Lead, 5.0; Mercury, 0.20; Selenium, 5.7; and Silver, 5.0.

     (v) The department may recommend registration under chapter 15.54 RCW for a waste-derived fertilizer (including fertilizers that contain recyclable material) or micronutrient fertilizer: Provided, That the registrant submits the information described in (b)(v)(A) or (B) of this subsection. However, the information requirements in (b)(v)(A) of this subsection may not be required if: The registrant provides documentation that the fertilizer has been previously registered in Washington state two or more times using the information in (b)(v)(A) of this subsection, and the source materials used to manufacture the product have not changed.

     (A) Initial criteria.

     (I) The applicable Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) Certification as described in 40 CFR Part 268, or toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) data that indicate the product contains less than the maximum concentrations for TCLP metals described in WAC 173-303-090(8); and

     (II) Total Halogenated Organic Compounds (HOC) test data that indicate the product contains less than 1% total HOC.

     (B) Secondary criteria.

     (I) A complete description of the fertilizer manufacturing process, including the location of the manufacturing facility; and

     (II) A complete list of all ingredients used in manufacturing the fertilizer and a complete description of the sources of those ingredients, including a description of the original process and location for each of those ingredients; and

     (III) Evidence that any waste(s) used in manufacturing the product does not designate as dangerous waste according to procedures described in WAC 173-303-070; and

     (IV) Other information as required by the department.

     (2) Recyclable materials used in a manner that constitutes disposal are dangerous wastes and are subject to the following requirements:

     (a) For generators, WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230;

     (b) For transporters, WAC 173-303-240 through 173-303-270; and

     (c) For facilities that store or use dangerous wastes in a manner constituting disposal, the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Part 268 (incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a)) and 173-303-280 through 173-303-840 (except that users of such products are not subject to these standards if the products meet the requirements of subsection (1)(b) of this section).

     (d) The use of waste oil, used oil, or other material that is contaminated with dioxin or any other dangerous waste for dust suppression or road treatment is prohibited.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-505, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-505, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-505, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-505, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-505, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-505, filed 1/4/89; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-505, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-505, filed 4/18/84.]

     (a) This section applies to generators, marketers, transporters, blenders, and burners of dangerous waste fuels that are to be burned for energy recovery in any boiler or industrial furnace that is not regulated under Subpart O of 40 CFR Part 265 or WAC 173-303-670, except as provided by (b) of this subsection. These regulations do not apply to gas recovered from dangerous waste management activities when such gas is burned for energy recovery. Note: (This note is a reminder that all generators, transporters, and burners of federally regulated hazardous waste fuels that are to be burned for energy recovery, and all storage facility owners and operators of facilities that store dangerous waste that is burned in a boiler or industrial furnace must comply with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 266 Subpart H.) In addition, the following are incorporated by reference for boilers and industrial furnaces that burn hazardous waste: 40 CFR 266.100 (b)(1), 266.100 (d)(1), 266.100 (d)(3) intro, and 266.100(h)).

     (b) The following dangerous wastes are not subject to regulation under this section:

     (i) Used oil burned for energy recovery if it is a dangerous waste because it:

     (A) Exhibits a characteristic of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090; or

     (B) Is designated as DW only (and not EHW) through the criteria of WAC 173-303-100.

     Such used oil is subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-515 rather than this section.

     Note: Used oil burned for energy recovery containing a listed waste or a waste designated as EHW through the criteria of WAC 173-303-100 (a) and (b) is subject to this section.

     (ii) (Reserved.)

     (2) Definitions. Any terms used in this section that are not defined below have the meanings provided in WAC 173-303-040. For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the described meanings:

     (a) "Dangerous waste fuel" means dangerous waste burned or to be burned for energy recovery. Fuel produced from dangerous waste by processing, blending, or other treatment is also dangerous waste fuel.

     (b) "Distributor" means persons who distribute but do not process or blend dangerous waste fuel. Distributors may broker fuel by arranging for the final disposition of the fuel. Distributors are regulated under subsection (6) of this section.

     (c) "Blender" means persons who produce, process, or blend fuel from dangerous wastes. Blenders are regulated under subsection (7) of this section.

     (d) "Marketer" means persons who are:

     (i) Generators who market dangerous waste fuel directly to a burner. Generators are regulated under subsection (4) of this section;

     (ii) Distributors, regulated under subsection (6) of this section;

     (iii) Blenders, regulated under subsection (7) of this section.

     (3) Prohibitions.

     (a) A person may market dangerous waste fuel only:

     (i) To persons, in state, who have notified the department of their dangerous waste fuel activities under WAC 173-303-060 and have an EPA/state identification number or to out-of-state marketers or burners who have notified the EPA or authorized state agency and who have an EPA/state identification number; and

     (ii) When marketed to a burner, to persons who burn the fuel in boilers or industrial furnaces identified in (b) of this subsection.

     (b) Dangerous waste fuel may be burned for energy recovery in the following devices only;

     (i) Industrial furnaces identified in WAC 173-303-040;

     (ii) Boilers, as defined in WAC 173-303-040, that are identified as follows:

     (A) Industrial boilers located on the site of a facility engaged in a manufacturing process where substances are transformed into new products, including the component parts of products, by mechanical or chemical processes; or

     (B) Utility boilers used to produce electric power, steam, or heated or cooled air or other gases or fluids for sale.

     (c) No fuel which contains any dangerous waste may be burned in any cement kiln which is located within the boundaries of any incorporated municipality with a population greater than five hundred thousand (based on the most recent census statistics) unless such kiln fully complies with regulations under this chapter that are applicable to incinerators.

     (4) Standards applicable to generators of dangerous waste fuel.

     (a) All generators of dangerous waste that is used as a fuel or used to produce a fuel are subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (b) Generators who are marketers. Generators are marketers if they send their waste fuel directly to a burner. Generators who are marketers must:

     (i) Prohibitions. Comply with the prohibitions under subsection (3) of this subsection.

     (ii) Notification. Comply with the notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. Generators who have previously notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify their dangerous waste fuel activities.

     (iii) Accumulation. Comply with accumulation requirements of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201.

     (iv) Storage. For generators who have interim or final status and exceed the accumulation time frames referenced in (b)(iii) of this subsection, comply with the storage provisions of:

     (A) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395; and

     (B) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and

     (C) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities.

     (v) Required notice. Obtain, prior to initiating the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel, a one time written and signed certification notice from the burner certifying that:

     (A) The burner has notified as described under subsection (3) of this subsection; and

     (B) The burner will burn the dangerous waste fuel only in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this subsection.

     (vi) Recordkeeping. Keep a copy of each certification notice received for at least five years from the date of the last dangerous waste fuel shipment to the burner who sent such notice.

     (c) Generators who are burners also are subject to subsection (8) of this section.

     (5) Standards applicable to transporters of dangerous waste fuel. Transporters of dangerous waste fuel (and dangerous waste that is used to produce a fuel) are subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-240 through 173-303-270.

     (6) Standards applicable to distributors of dangerous waste fuel.

     (a) Prohibitions. The prohibitions under subsection (3) of this section;

     (b) Notification. Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. Distributors who have previously notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify their dangerous waste fuel activities.

     (c) Storage. Distributors who store dangerous waste fuels must comply with the applicable storage provisions of:

     (i) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395; and

     (ii) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and

     (iii) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities;

     (iv) The standards for generators in WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (d) Off-site shipment. A distributor must meet the standards for generators in WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230 when the distributor initiates a shipment of dangerous waste fuel. Except that a distributor may not accumulate dangerous waste fuels under the accumulation provisions of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201;

     (e) Required notices.

     (i) Before initiating the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel to another distributor, a blender, or a burner, a distributor must obtain a one-time written and signed certification notice from the distributor, blender, or burner certifying that:

     (A) The burner, distributor, or blender has notified as described under subsection (3) of this section; and

     (B) If the recipient is a burner, the burner will burn the dangerous waste fuel only in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section.

     (ii) Before accepting the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel from another distributor or blender, the distributor must provide the other distributor or blender with a one-time written and signed certification that the distributor has complied with the notification requirements described in subsection (3) of this section; and

     (f) Recordkeeping. A distributor must keep a copy of each certification notice received or sent for at least five years from the date the distributor last engaged in a dangerous waste fuel marketing transaction with the person who sent or received the certification notice.

     (7) Standards applicable to blenders of dangerous waste fuels.

     (a) Prohibitions. The prohibitions under subsection (3) of this section.

     (b) Notification. Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. Blenders who have previously notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify their dangerous waste fuel activities.

     (c) Facility. For tanks, containers, or other units used to hold dangerous waste prior to blending or processing; for blending or processing tanks, containers, or other units; and for tanks, containers, or other units, used to hold blended or processed fuel, blenders must comply with the applicable provisions of:

     (i) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395; and

     (ii) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and

     (iii) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities;

     (d) Off-site shipment. The standards for generators in WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230 when a blender initiates a shipment of dangerous waste fuel, except that a blender may not accumulate dangerous waste fuels under the accumulation provisions of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201;

     (e) Required notices.

     (i) Before initiating the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel to another blender, a distributor, or a burner, a blender must obtain a one-time written and signed certification notice from the blender, distributor, or burner certifying that:

     (A) The burner, distributor, or blender has notified as described under subsection (3) of this section; and

     (B) If the recipient is a burner, the burner will burn the dangerous waste fuel only in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section.

     (ii) Before accepting the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel from another blender or distributor, the blender must provide the other blender or distributor with a one-time written and signed certification that the blender has complied with the notification requirements described in subsection (3) of this section; and

     (f) Recordkeeping. A blender must keep a copy of each certification notice received or sent for at least five years from the date the blender last engaged in a dangerous waste fuel marketing transaction with the person who sent or received the certification notice.

     (8) Standards applicable to burners of dangerous waste fuel.

     Owners and operators of industrial furnaces and boilers identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section must comply with:

     (a) Prohibitions. The prohibitions under subsection (3) of this section;

     (b) Notification. Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. A burner who has previously notified the department of dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify the dangerous waste fuel activities;

     (c) Storage.

     (i) For short term accumulation by generators who burn their dangerous waste fuel on-site, the applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201.

     (ii) For all burners who store dangerous waste fuel, the applicable storage provisions of:

     (A) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395;

     (B) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and

     (C) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities (the air emission requirements do not apply to burners that meet the small quantity burner exemption at 40 CFR 266.101);

     (d) Required notices. Before a burner accepts the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel from a distributor, or a blender, or a generator the burner must provide the distributor, or the blender, or the generator a one-time written and signed notice certifying that:

     (i) The burner has notified as described under subsection (3) of this section; and

     (ii) The dangerous waste fuel will only be burned in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section.

     (e) Recordkeeping. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements of WAC 173-303-380, a burner must keep a copy of each certification notice sent for at least five years from the date the burner last receives dangerous waste fuel from the person who received the certification notice.

     (f) Local requirements. Any person who burns dangerous waste for energy recovery must comply with air emission requirements of the local air pollution control authority (or department of ecology if no local authority with jurisdiction exists).

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-510, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-510, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-510, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-510, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-510, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-510, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-510, filed 3/11/88; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-510, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-510, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-510, filed 2/10/82.]

     (2) Definitions. In addition to the terms used in this chapter, the definitions of 40 CFR Part 279 are incorporated by reference when managing used oil under this section. The term "hazardous waste" used in 40 CFR Part 279 means "dangerous waste" as defined in WAC 173-303-040.

     (3) Applicability. This section identifies those materials subject to regulation as used oil. For the purpose of this section, the applicability statements of 40 CFR Part 279.10 are incorporated by reference, except 40 CFR Part 279.10 (b)(2) and (3), and as modified below.

     Materials containing or otherwise contaminated with or derived from used oil: The term "materials" used in 40 CFR Part 279.10 does not include dangerous waste.

     (4) Used oil specifications. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Part 279.11 and 40 CFR Part 261.3 (a)(2)(v) (rebuttable presumption) are incorporated by reference.

     The table is included below for the reader's convenience.

Table 1--Used Oil Exceeding any Specification Level is Subject to this Section When Burned for Energy Recovery

     (a) Materials designating as EHW or ((W001)) WPCB cannot be managed under this section when burned for energy recovery. Note: Materials managed under this section containing 2 ppm or greater PCBs are subject to applicable requirements of 40 CFR Part 761.20(e).

     (b) Metal working fluids that are formulated with chlorinated compounds such as chlorinated paraffins or chlorinated alkene polymers cannot be managed under this section when burned for energy recovery.

     (c) Ethylene glycol based fluids cannot be managed under this section. These fluids are subject to section WAC 173-303-522 when recycled.

     (d) The use of used oil or other materials managed under this section as a dust suppressant is prohibited.

     (e) Materials to be managed under this section are prohibited from being mixed with any dangerous waste. If any material managed under this section is mixed with dangerous waste, the resultant mixture is dangerous waste and must be managed as such.

     (6) Standards for used oil generators. This subsection applies to all used oil generators and persons managing materials under this section. The standards for used oil generators of 40 CFR Parts 279.20 through 279.24 are incorporated by reference except 40 CFR Part 279.21. Used oil generators and persons managing materials under this subsection are subject to the federal regulations listed above and the following:

     (a) Storage requirements for containers and tanks.

     (i) Containers must be closed at all times, except when adding or removing materials managed under this section.

     (ii) Containers and tanks must not be opened, handled, managed or stored in a manner that may cause the container or tank to leak or rupture.

     (b) Secondary containment requirements for storage of material managed under this section in tanks and containers.

     The department may require secondary containment, on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with some or all of the requirements in WAC 173-303-630(7) and 173-303-640(4) if the department determines that a potential for spills and discharges, mismanagement, or other factors pose a threat to human health or the environment.

     (c) Self-transport to approved collection centers. In addition to 40 CFR Part 279.24(a), generators may self-transport quantities greater than 55 gallons to a used oil collection center: Provided, That the owner/operator of the center records the name, address, telephone number, date of delivery and quantity of used oil being delivered to the site by the generator.

     (7) Standards for used oil collection centers and aggregation points. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Parts 279.30 through 279.32 are incorporated by reference. The standards for used oil collection centers under this subsection are those federal regulations listed above and the following modifications:

     In addition to the requirements of 40 CFR Part 279.31, the owner or operator of a used oil collection center may accept greater than 55 gallons of used oil from generators: Provided, That:

     (a) The requirements for a used oil transfer facility (40 CFR Parts 279.40 through 279.47) are complied with while that used oil is on site; and

     (b) The owner/operator of the collection center records the name, address, telephone number, date of delivery and quantity of used oil being delivered to the site by the generator of the used oil; and

     (c) Such records are kept on site for a period of three years.

     (8) Standards for used oil transporters and transfer facilities. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Parts 279.40 through 279.47 are incorporated by reference. The standards for used oil transfer facilities under this subsection are those federal regulations listed above and the following modifications:

     Additional reports. Upon determination by the department that the storage of used oil in tanks and/or containers poses a threat to public health or the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to provide additional information regarding the integrity of structures and equipment used to store used oil. This authority applies to tanks and secondary containment systems used to store used oil in tanks and containers. The department's determination of a threat to public health or the environment may be based upon observations of factors that would contribute to spills or releases of used oil or the generation of hazardous by-products (e.g., hydrogen sulfide gas). Those observations may include, but are not limited to, leaks, severe corrosion, structural defects or deterioration (cracks, gaps, separation of joints), inability to completely inspect tanks or structures, or concerns about the age or design specification of tanks.

     (a) When required by the department, a qualified, independent professional engineer registered to practice in Washington state must perform the assessment of the integrity of tanks or secondary containment systems.

     (b) Requirement for facility repairs and improvements. If, upon evaluation of information obtained by the department under (a) of this subsection, it is determined that repairs or structural improvements are necessary in order to eliminate threats, the department may require the owner/operator to discontinue the use of the tank system or container storage unit and remove the used oil until the repairs or improvements are completed and approved by the department.

     (9) Standards for used oil processors and re-refiners. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Parts 279.50 through 279.59 are incorporated by reference. The standards for used oil processors and re-refiners under this subsection are those federal regulations listed above and the following:

     (a) In addition to the general facility standards of 40 CFR Part 279.52, owners and operators of used oil processing and/or rerefining facilities regulated under this subsection are subject to the following:

     (i) Used oil and other materials managed under ((this subsection)) the standards for management for used oil may be stored on-site without a permit for ninety days prior to entering an active recycling process. An active recycling process refers to a dynamic recycling operation that occurs within the recycling unit such as a distillation or centrifuge unit. The phrase does not refer to passive storage-like activities that occur, for example, when tanks or containers are used for phase separation or for settling impurities;

     (ii) Facility closure standards of WAC 173-303-610 (2) and (12); and

     (iii) Financial requirements of WAC 173-303-620 (1)(e).

     (b) Additional reports. Upon determination by the department that the storage of used oil in tanks and/or containers poses a threat to public health or the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to provide additional information regarding the integrity of structures and equipment used to store used oil. This authority applies to tanks and secondary containment systems used to store used oil in tanks and containers. The department's determination of a threat to public health or the environment may be based upon observations of factors that would contribute to spills or releases of used oil or the generation of hazardous by-products (for example, hydrogen sulfide gas). Those observations may include, but are not limited to, leaks, severe corrosion, structural defects or deterioration (cracks, gaps, separation of joints), inability to completely inspect tanks or structures, or concerns about the age or design specification of tanks.

     (i) When required by the department, a qualified, independent professional engineer registered to practice in Washington state must perform the assessment of the integrity of tanks or secondary containment systems.

     (ii) Requirement for facility repairs and improvements. If, upon evaluation of information obtained by the department under (b) of this subsection, it is determined that repairs or structural improvements are necessary in order to eliminate threats, the department may require the owner/operator to discontinue the use of the tank system or container storage unit and remove the used oil until such repairs or improvements are completed and approved by the department.

     (10) Standards for used oil burners who burn off-specification. For the purpose of managing materials under this subsection, 40 CFR Parts 279.60 through 279.67 are incorporated by reference.

     (11) Standards for used oil fuel marketers. For the purpose of managing materials under this subsection, 40 CFR Parts 279.70 through 279.75 are incorporated by reference.

     (12) Standards for disposal of used oil. For the purpose of managing materials under this subsection, 40 CFR Parts 279.80 through 279.82(a) are incorporated by reference.

     (13) Testing required. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, the department may require any person to test their used oil according to the methods set forth in Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA Publication, SW-846 to either determine if the used oil is on-specification as described in WAC 173-303-515(4), determine whether the used oil contains a listed hazardous waste, or determine if the used oil is prohibited from being managed as used oil in WAC 173-303-515(5).

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-515, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-515, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-515, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-515, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-515, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-515, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-515, filed 6/27/84.]

     (a) This section applies to recyclable materials that are reclaimed to recover economically significant amounts of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, or any combination of these.

     (b) Persons who generate, transport, or store recyclable materials that are regulated under this section are subject to the following requirements:

     (i) Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060;

     (ii) WAC 173-303-180 (for generators), 173-303-250 (for transporters), and 173-303-370 (for persons who store); and

     (iii) For precious metals exported to or imported from designated OECD member countries for recovery, 40 CFR subpart H of part 262 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)) and WAC 173-303-290 (1)(b). For precious metals exported to or imported from non-OECD countries for recovery, 40 CFR subpart E (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)) and WAC 173-303-230(2).

     (c) Persons who store recycled materials that are regulated under this section must keep the following records to document that they are not accumulating these materials speculatively (as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(d)(ii));

     (i) Records showing the volume of these materials stored at the beginning of the calendar year;

     (ii) The amount of these materials generated or received during the calendar year; and

     (iii) The amount of materials remaining at the end of the calendar year.

     (d) Recyclable materials that are regulated under this section that are accumulated speculatively (as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(d)(ii)) are dangerous wastes and are subject to all applicable provisions of this chapter.

     (2) Additional regulation of recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery on a case-by-case basis.

     The department may decide on a case-by-case basis that persons accumulating or storing recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery should be regulated under WAC 173-303-120(4). The basis for this decision is that the materials are being accumulated or stored in a manner that does not protect human health and the environment because the materials or their toxic constituents have not been adequately contained, or because the materials being accumulated or stored together are incompatible. In making this decision, the department will consider the following factors:

     (a) The types of materials accumulated or stored and the amounts accumulated or stored;

     (b) The method of accumulation or storage;

     (c) The length of time the materials have been accumulated or stored before being reclaimed;

     (d) Whether any contaminants are being released into the environment, or are likely to be so released; and

     (e) Other relevant factors.

     The procedures for this decision are set forth in subsection (3) of this section.

     (3) Procedures for case-by-case regulation of recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery.

     The department will use the following procedures when determining whether to regulate recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery under the provisions of WAC 173-303-120(4), rather than under the provisions of subsection (1) of this section.

     (a) If a generator is accumulating the waste, the department will issue a notice setting forth the factual basis for the decision and stating that the person must comply with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-170 and 173-303-190 through 173-303-230. The notice will become final within thirty days, unless the person served requests a public hearing to challenge the decision. Upon receiving such a request, the department will hold a public hearing. The department will provide notice of the hearing to the public and allow public participation at the hearing. The department will issue a final order after the hearing stating whether or not compliance with WAC 173-303-170 and 173-303-190 through 173-303-230 is required. The order becomes effective thirty days after service of the decision unless the department specifies a later date or unless review by the department is requested. The order may be appealed to the pollution control hearings board, in accordance with WAC 173-303-845, by any person who participated in the public hearing.

     (b) If the person is accumulating the recyclable material as a storage facility, the notice will state that the person must obtain a permit in accordance with all applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The owner or operator of the facility must apply for a permit within no less than sixty days and no more than six months of notice, as specified in the notice. If the owner or operator of the facility wishes to challenge the department's decision he may do so in his permit application, in a public hearing held on the draft permit, or in comments filed on the draft permit or on the notice of intent to deny the permit. The fact sheet accompanying the permit will specify the reasons for the department's determination. The question of whether the department's decision was proper will remain open for consideration during the public comment period discussed under WAC 173-303-840 (4)(d) and in any subsequent hearing.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-525, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-525, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-525, filed 6/3/86.]

     (a) This section establishes requirements for managing the following:

     (i) Batteries as described in subsection (2) of this section;

     (ii) Thermostats as described in subsection (3) of this section; ((and))

     (iii) Mercury-containing equipment as described in subsection (4) of this section; and

     (iv) Lamps as described in subsection (5) of this section.

     (b) This section provides an alternative set of management standards in lieu of regulation under the rest of this chapter except for WAC 173-303-050, 173-303-145, and 173-303-960.

     (2) Applicability -- Batteries.

     (a) Batteries covered under this section.

     (i) The requirements of this section apply to persons managing batteries, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection.

     (ii) Spent lead-acid batteries which are not managed under WAC 173-303-120 (3)(f) and 173-303-520, are subject to management under this section.

     (b) Batteries not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following batteries:

     (i) Spent lead-acid batteries that are managed under WAC 173-303-120(3) and 173-303-520.

     (ii) Batteries, as described in WAC 173-303-040, that are not yet wastes under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070, including those that do not meet the criteria for waste generation in (c) of this subsection.

     (iii) Batteries, as described in WAC 173-303-040, that are not dangerous waste. A battery is a dangerous waste if it exhibits one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100.

     (c) Generation of waste batteries.

     (i) A used battery becomes a waste on the date it is discarded (e.g., when sent for reclamation).

     (ii) An unused battery becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it.

     (3) Applicability -- Mercury thermostats.

     (a) Thermostats covered under this section. The requirements of this section apply to persons managing thermostats, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection.

     (b) Thermostats not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following thermostats:

     (i) Thermostats that are not yet wastes under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070. Paragraph (c) of this subsection describes when thermostats become wastes.

     (ii) Thermostats that are not dangerous waste. A thermostat is a dangerous waste if it exhibits one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100.

     (c) Generation of waste thermostats.

     (i) A used thermostat becomes a waste on the date it is discarded (e.g., sent for reclamation).

     (ii) An unused thermostat becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it.

     (4) ((Applicability -- Household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste.

     (a) Persons managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this section:

     (i) Household wastes that are exempt under WAC 173-303-071 (3)(c) and are also of the same type as the universal wastes defined at WAC 173-303-040; and/or

     (ii) Small quantity generator wastes that are conditionally exempt under WAC 173-303-070(8) and are also of the same type as the universal wastes defined at WAC 173-303-040.

     (b) Persons who commingle the wastes described in (a)(i) and (ii) of this subsection together with universal waste regulated under this section must manage the commingled waste under the requirements of this section.)) Applicability -- Mercury-containing equipment.

     (a) Mercury-containing equipment covered under this section. The requirements of this section apply to persons managing mercury-containing equipment, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection.

     (b) Mercury-containing equipment not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following mercury-containing equipment:

     (i) Mercury-containing equipment that is not yet a waste under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070. Paragraph (c) of this subsection describes when mercury-containing equipment becomes a waste.

     (ii) Mercury-containing equipment that is not a dangerous waste. Mercury-containing equipment that does not exhibit one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100 is not dangerous waste.

     (c) Generation of waste mercury-containing equipment.

     (i) Used mercury-containing equipment becomes a waste on the date it is discarded.

     (ii) Unused mercury-containing equipment becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it.

     (5) Applicability--Lamps.

     (a) Lamps covered under this section. The requirements of this section apply to persons managing lamps, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection.

     (b) Lamps not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following lamps:

     (i) Lamps that are not yet wastes under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070. Paragraph (c) of this subsection describes when lamps become wastes.

     (ii) Lamps that are not dangerous waste. Lamps that do not exhibit one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100 are not dangerous waste.

     (c) Generation of waste lamps.

     (i) A used lamp becomes a waste on the date it is discarded.

     (ii) An unused lamp becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it.

     (6) Applicability -- Small quantity handlers of universal waste. Subsections (6) through (16) of this section apply to small quantity handlers of universal waste (as defined in WAC 173-303-040).

     (7) Prohibitions.

     A small quantity handler of universal waste is:

     (a) Prohibited from disposing of universal waste; and

     (b) Prohibited from diluting or treating universal waste, except by responding to releases as provided in subsection (13) of this section; or by managing specific wastes as provided in subsection (9) of this section.

     (8) Notification.

     A small quantity handler of universal waste is not required to notify the department of universal waste handling activities.

     (9) Waste management.

     (a) Universal waste batteries. A small quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste batteries in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows:

     (i) A small quantity handler of universal waste must contain any universal waste battery that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions in a container. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the battery, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions.

     (ii) A small quantity handler of universal waste may conduct the following activities as long as the casing of each individual battery cell is not breached and remains intact and closed (except that cells may be opened to remove electrolyte but must be immediately closed after removal):

     (A) Sorting batteries by type;

     (B) Mixing battery types in one container;

     (C) Discharging batteries so as to remove the electric charge;

     (D) Regenerating used batteries;

     (E) Disassembling batteries or battery packs into individual batteries or cells;

     (F) Removing batteries from consumer products; or

     (G) Removing electrolyte from batteries.

     (iii) A small quantity handler of universal waste who removes electrolyte from batteries, or who generates other solid waste (e.g., battery pack materials, discarded consumer products) as a result of the activities listed above, must determine whether the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100.

     (A) If the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the dangerous electrolyte and/or other waste and is subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (B) If the electrolyte or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations.

     (b) Universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment. A small quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows:

     (i) A small quantity handler of universal waste must ((contain)) place in a container any universal waste thermostat or mercury-containing equipment that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions ((in a container)). The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the thermostat or device, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions.

     (ii) A small quantity handler of universal waste may remove mercury-containing ampules from universal waste thermostats or mercury-containing equipment provided the handler:

     (A) Removes the ampules in a manner designed to prevent breakage of the ampules;

     (B) Removes ampules only over or in a containment device (e.g., tray or pan sufficient to collect and contain any mercury released from an ampule in case of breakage);

     (C) Ensures that a mercury clean-up system is readily available to immediately transfer any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules, from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200;

     (D) Immediately transfers any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200;

     (E) Ensures that the area in which ampules are removed is well ventilated and monitored to ensure compliance with applicable OSHA exposure levels for mercury;

     (F) Ensures that employees removing ampules are thoroughly familiar with proper waste mercury handling and emergency procedures, including transfer of mercury from containment devices to appropriate containers;

     (G) Stores removed ampules in closed, nonleaking containers that are in good condition;

     (H) Packs removed ampules in the container with packing materials adequate to prevent breakage during storage, handling, and transportation; and

     (iii)(A) A small quantity handler of universal waste who removes mercury-containing ampules from thermostats or mercury-containing equipment must determine whether the following exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100:

     (I) Mercury or clean-up residues resulting from spills or leaks; and/or

     (II) Other solid waste generated as a result of the removal of mercury-containing ampules (e.g., remaining thermostat units or mercury-containing equipment).

     (B) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it must be managed in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the mercury, residues, and/or other waste and must manage it subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (C) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations.

     (c) Universal waste lamps. A small quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste lamps in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows:

     (i) A small quantity handler of universal waste must immediately clean up and place in a container any universal waste lamps that show evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the lamps, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions;

     (ii) A small quantity handler of universal waste must minimize lamp breakage by accumulating lamps in containers or packages that are structurally sound, adequate to prevent breakage, and compatible with the contents of the lamps. The containers and packages must remain closed and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions;

     (iii) A small quantity handler of universal waste must store lamps accumulated in cardboard or fiber containers indoors, meaning in a structure that prevents the container from being exposed to the elements.

     (10) Labeling/marking.

     A small quantity handler of universal waste must label or mark the universal waste to identify the type of universal waste as specified below:

     (a) Universal waste batteries (i.e., each battery), or a container in which the batteries are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Battery(ies)," or "Waste Battery(ies)," or "Used Battery(ies);"

     (b) Universal waste thermostats (i.e., each thermostat), or a container in which the thermostats are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Waste Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Used Mercury Thermostat(s)."

     (c) Mercury-containing equipment, or a container in which the equipment is contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Used Mercury-Containing Equipment."

     (d) Universal waste lamps (i.e., each lamp), or a container in which the lamps are accumulated, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Lamp(s)," or "Waste Lamp(s)," or "Used Lamp(s)."

     (11) Accumulation time limits.

     (a) A small quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for no longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, unless the requirements of (b) of this subsection are met.

     (b) A small quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, if such activity is solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal. However, the handler bears the burden of proving that such activity is solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal.

     (c) A small quantity handler of universal waste who accumulates universal waste must be able to demonstrate the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received. The handler may make this demonstration by:

     (i) Placing the universal waste in a container and marking or labeling the container with the earliest date that any universal waste in the container became a waste or was received;

     (ii) Marking or labeling each individual item of universal waste (for example, each battery, thermostat, mercury-containing equipment, or lamp) with the date it became a waste or was received;

     (iii) Maintaining an inventory system on-site that identifies the date each universal waste became a waste or was received;

     (iv) Maintaining an inventory system on-site that identifies the earliest date that any universal waste in a group of universal waste items or a group of containers of universal waste became a waste or was received;

     (v) Placing the universal waste in a specific accumulation area and identifying the earliest date that any universal waste in the area became a waste or was received; or

     (vi) Any other method which clearly demonstrates the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received.

     (12) Employee training.

     A small quantity handler of universal waste must inform all employees who handle or have responsibility for managing universal waste. The information must describe proper handling and emergency procedures appropriate to the type(s) of universal waste handled at the facility.

     (13) Response to releases.

     (a) A small quantity handler of universal waste must immediately contain all releases of universal wastes and other residues from universal wastes.

     (b) A small quantity handler of universal waste must determine whether any material resulting from the release is dangerous waste, and if so, must manage the dangerous waste in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the material resulting from the release, and must manage it in compliance with WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (14) Off-site shipments.

     (a) A small quantity handler of universal waste is prohibited from sending or taking universal waste to a place other than another universal waste handler, a destination facility, or a foreign destination.

     (b) If a small quantity handler of universal waste self-transports universal waste off-site, the handler becomes a universal waste transporter for those self-transportation activities and must comply with the transporter requirements of subsections (28) through (34) of this section while transporting the universal waste.

     (c) If a universal waste being offered for off-site transportation meets the definition of hazardous materials under 49 CFR Parts 171 through 180, a small quantity handler of universal waste must package, label, mark and placard the shipment, and prepare the proper shipping papers in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations under 49 CFR Parts 172 through 180.

     (d) Prior to sending a shipment of universal waste to another universal waste handler, the originating handler must ensure that the receiving handler agrees to receive the shipment.

     (e) If a small quantity handler of universal waste sends a shipment of universal waste to another handler or to a destination facility and the shipment is rejected by the receiving handler or destination facility, the originating handler must either:

     (i) Receive the waste back when notified that the shipment has been rejected, or

     (ii) Agree with the receiving handler on a destination facility to which the shipment will be sent.

     (f) A small quantity handler of universal waste may reject a shipment containing universal waste, or a portion of a shipment containing universal waste that he has received from another handler. If a handler rejects a shipment or a portion of a shipment, he must contact the originating handler to notify him of the rejection and to discuss reshipment of the load. The handler must:

     (i) Send the shipment back to the originating handler; or

     (ii) If agreed to by both the originating and receiving handler, send the shipment to a destination facility.

     (g) If a small quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment containing dangerous waste that is not a universal waste, the handler must immediately notify the department of the illegal shipment, and provide the name, address, and phone number of the originating shipper. The department will provide instructions for managing the dangerous waste.

     (h) If a small quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment of nondangerous, nonuniversal waste, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations.

     (15) Tracking universal waste shipments.

     A small quantity handler of universal waste is not required to keep records of shipments of universal waste.

     (16) Exports.

     A small quantity handler of universal waste who sends universal waste to a foreign destination other than to those OECD countries specified in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) (in which case the handler is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262, subpart H which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230) must:

     (a) Comply with the requirements applicable to a primary exporter in 40 CFR 262.53, 262.56(a) (1) through (4), (6), and (b) and 262.57 which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1);

     (b) Export such universal waste only upon consent of the receiving country and in conformance with the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent as defined in 40 CFR Subpart E of Part 262 which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1); and

     (c) Provide a copy of the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent for the shipment to the transporter transporting the shipment for export.

     (17) Applicability -- Large quantity handlers of universal waste.

     Subsections (17) through (27) of this section apply to large quantity handlers of universal waste (as defined in WAC 173-303-040).

     (18) Prohibitions.

     A large quantity handler of universal waste is:

     (a) Prohibited from disposing of universal waste; and

     (b) Prohibited from diluting or treating universal waste, except by responding to releases as provided in subsection (24) of this section; or by managing specific wastes as provided in subsection (20) of this section.

     (19) Notification.

     (a)(i) Except as provided in (a)(ii) of this subsection, a large quantity handler of universal waste must have sent written notification of universal waste management to the department, and received an EPA Identification Number, before meeting or exceeding the 11,000 pound storage limit and/or before meeting or exceeding the 2,200 pound storage limit for lamps.

     (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste who has already notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and has received an EPA Identification Number is not required to renotify under this section.

     (b) This notification must include:

     (i) The universal waste handler's name and mailing address;

     (ii) The name and business telephone number of the person at the universal waste handler's site who should be contacted regarding universal waste management activities;

     (iii) The address or physical location of the universal waste management activities;

     (iv) A list of all of the types of universal waste managed by the handler (e.g., batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps);

     (v) A statement indicating that the handler is accumulating more than 11,000 pounds of universal waste at one time and the types of universal waste (e.g., batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps) the handler is accumulating above this quantity, and/or a statement indicating that the handler is accumulating more than 2,200 pounds of lamps at one time. (For example, if a handler is accumulating ((5,000)) 4,000 pounds of batteries, ((5,500)) 4,500 pounds of thermostats, 2,000 pounds of mercury-containing equipment and 600 pounds of universal waste lamps, they would notify for having 11,100 pounds of universal waste at one time - likewise, if a handler is accumulating ((2,000)) 1,000 pounds of batteries, ((5,000)) 4,000 pounds of thermostats, 2,000 pounds of mercury-containing equipment and 2,400 pounds of universal waste lamps, they would also need to notify for exceeding the 2,200 pound limit for universal waste lamps.)

     (20) Waste management.

     (a) Universal waste batteries. A large quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste batteries in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows:

     (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must contain any universal waste battery that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions in a container. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the battery, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions.

     (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste may conduct the following activities as long as the casing of each individual battery cell is not breached and remains intact and closed (except that cells may be opened to remove electrolyte but must be immediately closed after removal):

     (A) Sorting batteries by type;

     (B) Mixing battery types in one container;

     (C) Discharging batteries so as to remove the electric charge;

     (D) Regenerating used batteries;

     (E) Disassembling batteries or battery packs into individual batteries or cells;

     (F) Removing batteries from consumer products; or

     (G) Removing electrolyte from batteries.

     (iii) A large quantity handler of universal waste who removes electrolyte from batteries, or who generates other solid waste (e.g., battery pack materials, discarded consumer products) as a result of the activities listed above, must determine whether the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100.

     (A) If the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it must be managed in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the dangerous electrolyte and/or other waste and is subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (B) If the electrolyte or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations.

     (b) Universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment. A large quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows:

     (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must ((contain)) place in a container any universal waste thermostat or mercury-containing equipment that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions ((in a container)). The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the thermostat or mercury-containing equipment, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions.

     (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste may remove mercury-containing ampules from universal waste thermostats or mercury-containing equipment provided the handler:

     (A) Removes the ampules in a manner designed to prevent breakage of the ampules;

     (B) Removes ampules only over or in a containment device (e.g., tray or pan sufficient to contain any mercury released from an ampule in case of breakage);

     (C) Ensures that a mercury clean-up system is readily available to immediately transfer any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules, from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200;

     (D) Immediately transfers any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200;

     (E) Ensures that the area in which ampules are removed is well ventilated and monitored to ensure compliance with applicable OSHA exposure levels for mercury;

     (F) Ensures that employees removing ampules are thoroughly familiar with proper waste mercury handling and emergency procedures, including transfer of mercury from containment devices to appropriate containers;

     (G) Stores removed ampules in closed, nonleaking containers that are in good condition;

     (H) Packs removed ampules in the container with packing materials adequate to prevent breakage during storage, handling, and transportation; and

     (iii)(A) A large quantity handler of universal waste who removes mercury-containing ampules from thermostats or mercury-containing equipment must determine whether the following exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100:

     (I) Mercury or clean-up residues resulting from spills or leaks; and/or

     (II) Other solid waste generated as a result of the removal of mercury-containing ampules (e.g., remaining thermostat units or equipment).

     (B) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it must be managed in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the mercury, residues, and/or other waste and is subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (C) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations.

     (c) Universal waste lamps. A large quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste lamps in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows:

     (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must immediately clean up and place in a container any universal waste lamps that show evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the lamps, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions;

     (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste must minimize lamp breakage by accumulating lamps in containers or packages that are structurally sound, adequate to prevent breakage, and compatible with the contents of the lamps. The containers and packages must remain closed and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions;

     (iii) A large quantity handler of universal waste must store lamps accumulated in cardboard or fiber containers indoors, meaning in a structure that prevents a container from being exposed to the elements.

     (21) Labeling/marking.

     A large quantity handler of universal waste must label or mark the universal waste to identify the type of universal waste as specified below:

     (a) Universal waste batteries (i.e., each battery), or a container or tank in which the batteries are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with the any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Battery(ies)," or "Waste Battery(ies)," or "Used Battery(ies);"

     (b) Universal waste thermostats (i.e., each thermostat), or a container or tank in which the thermostats are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Waste Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Used Mercury Thermostat(s)."

     (c) Mercury-containing equipment, or a container in which the equipment is contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Used Mercury-Containing Equipment."

     (d) Universal waste lamp (i.e., each lamp), or a container in which the lamps are accumulated, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Lamp(s)," or "Waste Lamp(s)," or "Used Lamp(s)."

     (22) Accumulation time limits.

     (a) A large quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for no longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, unless the requirements of (b) of this subsection are met.

     (b) A large quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, if such activity is solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal. However, the handler bears the burden of proving that such activity was solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal.

     (c) A large quantity handler of universal waste must be able to demonstrate the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received. The handler may make this demonstration by:

     (i) Placing the universal waste in a container and marking or labeling the container with the earliest date that any universal waste in the container became a waste or was received;

     (ii) Marking or labeling the individual item of universal waste (for example, each battery, thermostat, mercury-containing equipment, or lamp) with the date it became a waste or was received;

     (iii) Maintaining an inventory system on site that identifies the date the universal waste being accumulated became a waste or was received;

     (iv) Maintaining an inventory system on site that identifies the earliest date that any universal waste in a group of universal waste items or a group of containers of universal waste became a waste or was received;

     (v) Placing the universal waste in a specific accumulation area and identifying the earliest date that any universal waste in the area became a waste or was received; or

     (vi) Any other method which clearly demonstrates the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received.

     (23) Employee training.

     A large quantity handler of universal waste must ensure that all employees are thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures, relative to their responsibilities during normal facility operations and emergencies.

     (24) Response to releases.

     (a) A large quantity handler of universal waste must immediately contain all releases of universal wastes and other residues from universal wastes.

     (b) A large quantity handler of universal waste must determine whether any material resulting from the release is dangerous waste, and if so, must manage the dangerous waste in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the material resulting from the release, and is subject to WAC 173-303-145 and 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (25) Off-site shipments.

     (a) A large quantity handler of universal waste is prohibited from sending or taking universal waste to a place other than another universal waste handler, a destination facility, or a foreign destination.

     (b) If a large quantity handler of universal waste self-transports universal waste off site, the handler becomes a universal waste transporter for those self-transportation activities and must comply with the transporter requirements of subsections (28) through (34) of this section while transporting the universal waste.

     (c) If a universal waste being offered for off-site transportation meets the definition of hazardous materials under 49 CFR 171 through 180, a large quantity handler of universal waste must package, label, mark and placard the shipment, and prepare the proper shipping papers in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations under 49 CFR Parts 172 through 180;

     (d) Prior to sending a shipment of universal waste to another universal waste handler, the originating handler must ensure that the receiving handler agrees to receive the shipment.

     (e) If a large quantity handler of universal waste sends a shipment of universal waste to another handler or to a destination facility and the shipment is rejected by the receiving handler or destination facility, the originating handler must either:

     (i) Receive the waste back when notified that the shipment has been rejected; or

     (ii) Agree with the receiving handler on a destination facility to which the shipment will be sent.

     (f) A large quantity handler of universal waste may reject a shipment containing universal waste, or a portion of a shipment containing universal waste that he has received from another handler. If a handler rejects a shipment or a portion of a shipment, he must contact the originating handler to notify him of the rejection and to discuss reshipment of the load. The handler must:

     (i) Send the shipment back to the originating handler; or

     (ii) If agreed to by both the originating and receiving handler, send the shipment to a destination facility.

     (g) If a large quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment containing dangerous waste that is not a universal waste, the handler must immediately notify the department of the illegal shipment, and provide the name, address, and phone number of the originating shipper. The department will provide instructions for managing the dangerous waste.

     (h) If a large quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment of nondangerous, nonuniversal waste, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations.

     (26) Tracking universal waste shipments.

     (a) Receipt of shipments. A large quantity handler of universal waste must keep a record of each shipment of universal waste received at the facility. The record may take the form of a log, invoice, manifest, bill of lading, or other shipping document. The record for each shipment of universal waste received must include the following information:

     (i) The name and address of the originating universal waste handler or foreign shipper from whom the universal waste was sent;

     (ii) The quantity of each type of universal waste received (for example, batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps);

     (iii) The date of receipt of the shipment of universal waste.

     (b) Shipments off site. A large quantity handler of universal waste must keep a record of each shipment of universal waste sent from the handler to other facilities. The record may take the form of a log, invoice, manifest, bill of lading or other shipping document. The record for each shipment of universal waste sent must include the following information:

     (i) The name and address of the universal waste handler, destination facility, or foreign destination to whom the universal waste was sent;

     (ii) The quantity of each type of universal waste sent (for example, batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps);

     (iii) The date the shipment of universal waste left the facility.

     (c) Record retention.

     (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must retain the records described in (a) of this subsection for at least three years from the date of receipt of a shipment of universal waste.

     (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste must retain the records described in (b) of this subsection for at least three years from the date a shipment of universal waste left the facility.

     (27) Exports.

     A large quantity handler of universal waste who sends universal waste to a foreign destination other than to those OECD countries specified in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) (in which case the handler is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262, subpart H which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230) must:

     (a) Comply with the requirements applicable to a primary exporter in 40 CFR 262.53, 262.56(a) (1) through (4), (6), and (b) and 262.57 which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1);

     (b) Export such universal waste only upon consent of the receiving country and in conformance with the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent as defined in 40 CFR 262 Subpart E which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1); and

     (c) Provide a copy of the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent for the shipment to the transporter transporting the shipment for export.

     (28) Applicability -- Universal waste transporters.

     Subsections (28) through (34) of this section apply to universal waste transporters (as defined in WAC 173-303-040).

     (29) Prohibitions.

     A universal waste transporter is:

     (a) Prohibited from disposing of universal waste; and

     (b) Prohibited from diluting or treating universal waste, except by responding to releases as provided in subsection (32) of this section.

     (30) Waste management.

     (a) A universal waste transporter must comply with all applicable U.S. Department of Transportation regulations in 49 CFR Part 171 through 180 for transport of any universal waste that meets the definition of hazardous material in 49 CFR 171.8. For purposes of the Department of Transportation regulations, a material is considered a dangerous waste if it is subject to the Hazardous Waste Manifest Requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency specified in WAC 173-303-180. Because universal waste does not require a dangerous waste manifest, it is not considered hazardous waste under the Department of Transportation regulations.

     (b) Some universal waste materials are regulated by the Department of Transportation as hazardous materials because they meet the criteria for one or more hazard classes specified in 49 CFR 173.2. As universal waste shipments do not require a manifest under WAC 173-303-180, they may not be described by the DOT proper shipping name "hazardous waste, (l) or (s), n.o.s.," nor may the hazardous material's proper shipping name be modified by adding the word "waste."

     (31) Storage time limits.

     (a) A universal waste transporter may only store the universal waste at a universal waste transfer facility for ten days or less.

     (b) If a universal waste transporter stores universal waste for more than ten days, the transporter becomes a universal waste handler and must comply with the applicable requirements for small or large quantity handlers (subsections (6) through (27) of this section) while storing the universal waste.

     (32) Response to releases.

     (a) A universal waste transporter must immediately contain all releases of universal wastes and other residues from universal wastes.

     (b) A universal waste transporter must determine whether any material resulting from the release is dangerous waste, and if so, it is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter. If the waste is determined to be a dangerous waste, the transporter is subject to WAC 173-303-145 and 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (33) Off-site shipments.

     (a) A universal waste transporter is prohibited from transporting the universal waste to a place other than a universal waste handler, a destination facility, or a foreign destination.

     (b) If the universal waste being shipped off site meets the Department of Transportation's definition of hazardous materials under 49 CFR 171.8, the shipment must be properly described on a shipping paper in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations under 49 CFR Part 172.

     (34) Exports.

     A universal waste transporter transporting a shipment of universal waste to a foreign destination other than to those OECD countries specified in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) (in which case the handler is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262, subpart H which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230) may not accept a shipment if the transporter knows the shipment does not conform to the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent. In addition the transporter must ensure that:

     (a) A copy of the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent accompanies the shipment; and

     (b) The shipment is delivered to the facility designated by the person initiating the shipment.

     (35) Applicability -- Destination facilities. Subsections (35) through (37) of this section apply to destination facilities.

     (a) The owner or operator of a destination facility (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) is subject to all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-140 and 173-303-141, 173-303-280 through 173-303-525, 173-303-600 through 173-303-695, 173-303-800 through 173-303-840, and the notification requirement at WAC 173-303-060:

     (b) The owner or operator of a destination facility that recycles a particular universal waste without storing that universal waste before it is recycled must comply with WAC 173-303-120 (4)(c).

     (36) Off-site shipments.

     (a) The owner or operator of a destination facility is prohibited from sending or taking universal waste to a place other than a universal waste handler, another destination facility or foreign destination.

     (b) The owner or operator of a destination facility may reject a shipment containing universal waste, or a portion of a shipment containing universal waste. If the owner or operator of the destination facility rejects a shipment or a portion of a shipment, he must contact the shipper to notify him of the rejection and to discuss reshipment of the load. The owner or operator of the destination facility must:

     (i) Send the shipment back to the original shipper; or

     (ii) If agreed to by both the shipper and the owner or operator of the destination facility, send the shipment to another destination facility.

     (c) If the owner or operator of a destination facility receives a shipment containing dangerous waste that is not a universal waste, the owner or operator of the destination facility must immediately notify the department of the illegal shipment, and provide the name, address, and phone number of the shipper. The department will provide instructions for managing the dangerous waste.

     (d) If the owner or operator of a destination facility receives a shipment of nondangerous, nonuniversal waste, the owner or operator may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal or state solid waste regulations.

     (37) Tracking universal waste shipments.

     (a) The owner or operator of a destination facility must keep a record of each shipment of universal waste received at the facility. The record may take the form of a log, invoice, manifest, bill of lading, or other shipping document. The record for each shipment of universal waste received must include the following information:

     (i) The name and address of the universal waste handler, destination facility, or foreign shipper from whom the universal waste was sent;

     (ii) The quantity of each type of universal waste received (for example, batteries ((or)), thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps);

     (iii) The date of receipt of the shipment of universal waste.

     (b) The owner or operator of a destination facility must retain the records described in (a) of this subsection for at least three years from the date of receipt of a shipment of universal waste.

     (38) Imports.

     Persons managing universal waste that is imported from a foreign country into the United States are subject to the applicable requirements of this section, immediately after the waste enters the United States, as indicated below:

     (a) A universal waste transporter is subject to the universal waste transporter requirements of subsections (28) through (34) of this section.

     (b) A universal waste handler is subject to the small or large quantity handler of universal waste requirements of subsections (6) through (27) of this section, as applicable.

     (c) An owner or operator of a destination facility is subject to the destination facility requirements of subsections (35) through (37) of this section.

     (39) General -- Petitions. Subsections (39) and (40) of this section address petitions to include other wastes under this section.

     (a) Any person seeking to add a dangerous waste or a category of dangerous waste to this section may petition for a regulatory amendment under subsections (39) and (40) of this section and WAC 173-303-910 (1) and (7).

     (b) To be successful, the petitioner must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that regulation under the universal waste regulations of this section is: Appropriate for the waste or category of waste; will improve management practices for the waste or category of waste; and will improve implementation of the dangerous waste program. The petition must include the information required by WAC 173-303-910 (1)(b). The petition should also address as many of the factors listed in subsection (40) of this section as are appropriate for the waste or waste category addressed in the petition.

     (c) The department will evaluate petitions using the factors listed in subsection (40) of this section. The department will grant or deny a petition using the factors listed in subsection (40) of this section. The decision will be based on the weight of evidence showing that regulation under this section is appropriate for the waste or category of waste, will improve management practices for the waste or category of waste, and will improve implementation of the dangerous waste program.

     (40) Factors for petitions to include other wastes under this section.

     (a) The waste or category of waste, as generated by a wide variety of generators, is listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082, or (if not listed) a proportion of the waste stream exhibits one or more characteristics or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. (When a characteristic waste is added to the universal waste regulations of this section by using a generic name to identify the waste category (e.g., batteries), the definition of universal waste in WAC 173-303-040 will be amended to include only the dangerous waste portion of the waste category (e.g., dangerous waste batteries).) Thus, only the portion of the waste stream that does exhibit one or more characteristics or criteria (i.e., is dangerous waste) is subject to the universal waste regulations of this section;

     (b) The waste or category of waste is not exclusive to a specific industry or group of industries, is commonly generated by a wide variety of types of establishments (including, for example, households, retail and commercial businesses, office complexes, conditionally exempt small quantity generators, small businesses, government organizations, as well as large industrial facilities);

     (c) The waste or category of waste is generated by a large number of generators (e.g., more than 1,000 nationally) and is frequently generated in relatively small quantities by each generator;

     (d) Systems to be used for collecting the waste or category of waste (including packaging, marking, and labeling practices) would ensure close stewardship of the waste;

     (e) The risk posed by the waste or category of waste during accumulation and transport is relatively low compared to other dangerous wastes, and specific management standards proposed or referenced by the petitioner (e.g., waste management requirements appropriate to be added to subsections (9), (20), and (30) of this section; and/or applicable Department of Transportation requirements) would be protective of human health and the environment during accumulation and transport;

     (f) Regulation of the waste or category of waste under this section will increase the likelihood that the waste will be diverted from nondangerous waste management systems (e.g., the municipal waste stream, nondangerous industrial or commercial waste stream, municipal sewer or stormwater systems) to recycling, treatment, or disposal in compliance with the Hazardous Waste Management Act chapter 70.105 RCW, this chapter, and RCRA Subtitle C.

     (g) Regulation of the waste or category of waste under this section will improve implementation of and compliance with the dangerous waste regulatory program; and/or

     (h) Such other factors as may be appropriate.

     (41) Applicability -- Household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste.

     (a) Persons managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this section:

     (i) Household wastes that are exempt under WAC 173-303-071 (3)(c) and are also of the same type as the universal wastes defined at WAC 173-303-040; and/or

     (ii) Small quantity generator wastes that are conditionally exempt under WAC 173-303-070(8) and are also of the same type as the universal wastes defined at WAC 173-303-040.

     (b) Persons who commingle the wastes described in (a)(i) and (ii) of this subsection together with universal waste regulated under this section must manage the commingled waste under the requirements of this section.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-573, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-573, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98.]

     (1) The purpose of WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695, is to establish minimum statewide standards which describe the acceptable management of dangerous waste. In addition to WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695, the final facility standards include WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395.

     (2) The final facility standards apply to owners and operators of all facilities which treat, store or dispose of dangerous waste, and which are not exempted by subsection (3) of this section.

     (3) The final facility standards do not apply to:

     (a) Persons whose disposal activities are permitted under the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, except that storage, or treatment facilities where dangerous waste is loaded onto an ocean vessel for incineration or disposal at sea are subject to final facility standards;

     (b) Persons whose disposal activities are permitted under the underground injection control program of the Safe Drinking Water Act, except that storage, or treatment facilities needed to handle dangerous wastes are subject to final facility standards;

     (c) The owner or operator of a POTW which treats, stores, or disposes of dangerous waste provided he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(4);

     (d) A generator accumulating waste on site in compliance with WAC 173-303-200;

     (e) The owner or operator of a facility which is permitted to manage solid waste pursuant to chapter ((173-304)) 173-350 WAC, if the only dangerous waste the facility manages is excluded from regulation under this chapter by WAC 173-303-070(8);

     (f) A farmer disposing of waste pesticides from his own use provided he complies with WAC 173-303-160 (2)(b);

     (g) A transporter storing a manifested shipment of dangerous waste for ten days or less in accordance with WAC 173-303-240(((5)))(6);

     (h) Any person, other than an owner or operator who is already subject to the final facility standards, who is carrying out an immediate or emergency response to contain or treat a discharge or potential discharge of a dangerous waste or hazardous substance;

     (i) The owner or operator of a facility which is in compliance with the interim status requirements of WAC 173-303-400 and 173-303-805, until final administrative disposition of his final facility permit;

     (j) The owner or operator of a totally enclosed treatment facility or elementary neutralization or wastewater treatment unit as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(5);

     (k) The addition, by a generator, of absorbent material to waste in a container, or of waste to absorbent material in a container, provided that these actions occur at the time the waste is first placed in containers or, in the case of repackaging of previously containerized waste into new containers, at the time the waste is first placed into the new containers and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b);

     (l) The compaction or sorting of miscellaneous waste forms such as cans, rags, and bottles in a container, so long as the activity is solely for the purpose of reducing waste void space, and so long as these activities are conducted in a manner that protects human health and prevents any release to the environment and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b);

     (m) Generators treating dangerous waste on-site in tanks, containers, or containment buildings that are used for accumulation of such wastes provided the generator complies with the WAC 173-303-170(3);

     (n) The owner or operator of an elementary neutralization unit or a wastewater treatment unit as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that if the owner or operator is diluting hazardous ignitable (D001) wastes (other than the D001 High TOC Subcategory defined in 40 CFR section 268.40, Table Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes), or reactive (D003) waste, to remove the characteristic before land disposal, the owner/operator must comply with the requirements set out in WAC 173-303-395 (1)(a);

     (o) Universal waste handlers and universal waste transporters (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) handling the wastes listed below. These handlers are subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-573, when handling the below listed universal wastes.

     (i) Batteries as described in WAC 173-303-573(2);

     (ii) Thermostats as described in WAC 173-303-573(3); ((and))

     (iii) Mercury-containing equipment as described in WAC 173-303-573(4); and

     (iv) Lamps as described in WAC 173-303-573(5);

     (p)(i) Except as provided in (p)(ii) of this subsection, a person engaged in treatment or containment activities during immediate response to any of the following situations:

     (A) A discharge of a dangerous waste;

     (B) An imminent and substantial threat of a discharge of dangerous waste;

     (C) A discharge of a material that, when discharged, becomes a dangerous waste;

     (D) An immediate threat to human health, public safety, property, or the environment, from the known or suspected presence of military munitions, other explosive material, or an explosive device, as determined by an explosive or munitions emergency response specialist as defined in WAC 173-303-040.

     (ii) An owner or operator of a facility otherwise regulated by WAC 173-303-600 must comply with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-340 and 173-303-350.

     (iii) Any person who is covered by (p)(i) of this subsection and who continues or initiates dangerous waste treatment or containment activities after the immediate response is over is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter for those activities.

     (iv) In the case of an explosives or munitions emergency response, if a federal, state, tribal or local official acting within the scope of his or her official responsibilities, or an explosives or munitions emergency response specialist, determines that immediate removal of the material or waste is necessary to protect human health or the environment, that official or specialist may authorize the removal of the material or waste by transporters who do not have EPA/state identification numbers and without the preparation of a manifest. In the case of emergencies involving military munitions, the responding military emergency response specialist's organizational unit must retain records for three years identifying the dates of the response, the responsible persons responding, the type and description of material addressed, and its disposition;

     (q) WAC 173-303-578 identifies when the requirements of WAC 173-303-600 apply to the storage of military munitions classified as solid waste under WAC 173-303-578(2). The treatment and disposal of dangerous waste military munitions are subject to the applicable permitting, procedural, and technical standards in this chapter.

     (4) Reserve.

     (5) The owner or operator of a facility which recycles dangerous waste may, for such recycled wastes only, comply with the applicable recycling standards specified in WAC 173-303-120 and 173-303-500 through 173-303-525 in lieu of the final facility standards.

     (6) The owner or operator must comply with the special land disposal restrictions for certain dangerous wastes in WAC 173-303-140.

     (7) The final facility requirements apply to owners or operators of all facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous wastes referred to in 40 CFR Part 268, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140(2).

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-600, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-600, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-600, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-600, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-600, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-600, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-600, filed 3/11/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-600, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-600, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-600, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-600, filed 2/10/82.]

     (a)(i) Subsections (2) through (6) of this section, (which concern closure), apply to the owners and operators of all dangerous waste facilities.

     (ii) Subsections (2) and (12) of this section apply to the owners and operators who receive recyclable dangerous waste or used oil from off-site and place them in recycling units.

     (b) Subsections (7) through (11) of this section, (which concern post-closure care), apply to the owners and operators of all regulated units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) at which dangerous waste will remain after closure, to tank systems that are required under WAC 173-303-640(8) to meet the requirements of landfills, to surface impoundments, waste piles, and miscellaneous units as specified in WAC 173-303-650(6), 173-303-660(9), and 173-303-680(4), respectively; to containment buildings that are required under 40 CFR 264.1102 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-695) to meet the requirements for landfills; and, unless otherwise authorized by the department, to the owners and operators of all facilities which, at closure, cannot meet the removal or decontamination limits specified in subsection (2)(b) of this section.

     (c) For the purposes of the closure and post-closure requirements, any portion of a facility which closes is subject to the applicable closure and post-closure standards even if the rest of the facility does not close and continues to operate.

     (d) Except for subsection (2)(a) of this section, the director may, in an enforceable document, replace all or part of the requirements of this section and the unit-specific requirements referenced in subsection (2)(b) of this section with alternative requirements when he or she determines:

     (i) A dangerous waste unit is situated among other solid waste management units or areas of concern, a release has occurred, and both the dangerous waste unit and one or more of the solid waste management units or areas of concern are likely to have contributed to the release; and

     (ii) It is not necessary to apply the requirements of this section (or the unit-specific requirements referenced in subsection (2)(b) of this section) because the alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment.

     (2) Closure performance standard. The owner or operator must close the facility in a manner that:

     (a)(i) Minimizes the need for further maintenance;

     (ii) Controls, minimizes or eliminates to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, post-closure escape of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, or dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, surface water, ground water, or the atmosphere; and

     (iii) Returns the land to the appearance and use of surrounding land areas to the degree possible given the nature of the previous dangerous waste activity.

     (b) Where the closure requirements of this section, or of WAC 173-303-630(10), 173-303-640(8), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), 173-303-670(8), 173-303-680 (2) through (4), or 40 CFR 264.1102 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-695) call for the removal or decontamination of dangerous wastes, waste residues, or equipment, bases, liners, soils or other materials containing or contaminated with dangerous wastes or waste residue, then such removal or decontamination must assure that the levels of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents or residues do not exceed:

     (i) For soils, ground water, surface water, and air, the numeric cleanup levels calculated using ((residential)) unrestricted use exposure assumptions according to the Model Toxics Control Act Regulations, chapter 173-340 WAC as ((now)) of the effective date or hereafter amended. Primarily, these will be numeric cleanup levels calculated according to MTCA Method B, although MTCA Method A may be used as appropriate, see WAC 173-340-700 through 173-340-760, excluding WAC 173-340-745; and

     (ii) For all structures, equipment, bases, liners, etc., clean closure standards will be set by the department on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the closure performance standards of WAC 173-303-610 (2)(a)(ii) and in a manner that minimizes or eliminates post-closure escape of dangerous waste constituents.

     (3) Closure plan; amendment of plan.

     (a) The owner or operator of a dangerous waste management facility must have a written closure plan. In addition, certain surface impoundments and waste piles from which the owner or operator intends to remove or decontaminate the dangerous waste at partial or final closure are required by WAC 173-303-650(6) and 173-303-660(9) to have contingent closure plans. The plan must be submitted with the permit application, in accordance with WAC 173-303-806(4), and approved by the department as part of the permit issuance procedures under WAC 173-303-840. The approved closure plan will become a condition of any permit. The department's decision must assure that the approved closure plan is consistent with subsections (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) of this section, and the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-630(10), 173-303-640(8), 173-303-645, 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), 173-303-670(8), 173-303-680(2), and 40 CFR 264.1102 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-695). A copy of the approved plan and all revisions to the plan must be furnished to the department upon request, including request by mail until final closure is completed and certified in accordance with subsection (6) of this section. The plan must identify steps necessary to perform partial and/or final closure of the facility at any point during its active life. The closure plan must include at least:

     (i) A description of how each dangerous waste management unit at the facility will be closed in accordance with subsection (2) of this section;

     (ii) A description of how final closure of the facility will be conducted in accordance with subsection (2) of this section. The description must identify the maximum extent of the operation which will be unclosed during the active life of the facility;

     (iii) An estimate of the maximum inventory of dangerous wastes ever on-site over the active life of the facility. (Any change in this estimate is a Class 1 modification with prior approval under WAC 173-303-830(4));

     (iv) A detailed description of the methods to be used during partial closures and final closure, including, but not limited to, methods for removing, transporting, treating, storing, or disposing of all dangerous wastes, and identification of the type(s) of the off-site dangerous waste management units to be used, if applicable;

     (v) A detailed description of the steps needed to remove or decontaminate all dangerous waste residues and contaminated containment system components, equipment, structures, and soils during partial and final closure, including, but not limited to, procedures for cleaning equipment and removing contaminated soils, methods for sampling and testing surrounding soils, and criteria for determining the extent of decontamination required to satisfy the closure performance standard;

     (vi) A detailed description of other activities necessary during the closure period to ensure that all partial closures and final closure satisfy the closure performance standards, including, but not limited to, ground water monitoring, leachate collection, and run-on and runoff control;

     (vii) A schedule for closure of each dangerous waste management unit and for final closure of the facility. The schedule must include, at a minimum, the total time required to close each dangerous waste management unit and the time required for intervening closure activities which will allow tracking of the progress of partial and final closure. (For example, in the case of a landfill unit, estimates of the time required to treat or dispose of all dangerous waste inventory and of the time required to place a final cover must be included.); and

     (viii) For facilities that use trust funds to establish financial assurance under WAC 173-303-620 (4) or (6) and that are expected to close prior to the expiration of the permit, an estimate of the expected year of final closure.

     (ix) For facilities where the director has applied alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e), or 173-303-620 (8)(d), the closure plan must include either the alternative requirements or a reference to the enforceable document that contains the alternative requirements.

     (b) The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in operating plans, facility design, or the approved closure plan in accordance with the applicable procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The written notification or request must include a copy of the amended closure plan for review or approval by the department.

     (i) The owner or operator may submit a written notification or request to the department for a permit modification to amend the closure plan at any time prior to the notification of partial or final closure of the facility.

     (ii) The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in the approved closure plan whenever:

     (A) Changes in operating plans or facility design affect the closure plan; or

     (B) There is a change in the expected year of closure, if applicable; or

     (C) In conducting partial or final closure activities, unexpected events require a modification of the approved closure plan; or

     (D) The owner/operator requests the director apply alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e), or 173-303-620 (8)(d).

     (iii) The owner or operator must submit a written request for a permit modification including a copy of the amended closure plan for approval at least sixty days prior to the proposed change in facility design or operation, or no later than sixty days after an unexpected event has occurred which has affected the closure plan. If an unexpected event occurs during the partial or final closure period, the owner or operator must request a permit modification no later than thirty days after the unexpected event. An owner or operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile that intends to remove all dangerous waste at closure and is not otherwise required to prepare a contingent closure plan under WAC 173-303-650(6) or 173-303-660(9), must submit an amended closure plan to the department no later than sixty days from the date that the owner or operator or department determines that the dangerous waste management unit must be closed as a landfill, subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-665, or no later than thirty days from that date if the determination is made during partial or final closure. The department will approve, disapprove, or modify this amended plan in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The approved closure plan will become a condition of any permit issued.

     (iv) The department may request modifications to the plan under the conditions described in (b)(ii) of this subsection. The owner or operator must submit the modified plan within sixty days of the department's request, or within thirty days if the change in facility conditions occurs during partial or final closure. Any modifications requested by the department will be approved in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840.

     (c) Notification of partial closure and final closure.

     (i) The owner or operator must notify the department in writing at least sixty days prior to the date on which ((he)) they expect((s)) to begin closure of a surface impoundment, waste pile, land treatment, or landfill unit, or final closure of a facility with such a unit. The owner or operator must notify the department in writing at least forty-five days prior to the date on which ((he)) they expect((s)) to begin ((final)) closure of a ((facility with only)) treatment or storage tank((s)), container storage, or incinerator unit((s to be closed)), or final closure of a facility with such a unit.

     (ii) The date when he "expects to begin closure" must be either:

     (A) No later than thirty days after the date on which any dangerous waste management unit receives the known final volume of dangerous wastes or, if there is a reasonable possibility that the dangerous waste management unit will receive additional dangerous wastes, no later than one year after the date on which the unit received the most recent volume of dangerous waste. If the owner or operator of a dangerous waste management unit can demonstrate to the department that the dangerous waste management unit or facility has the capacity to receive additional dangerous wastes and he has taken, and will continue to take, all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, the department may approve an extension to this one-year limit; or

     (B) For units meeting the requirements of subsection (4)(d) of this section, no later than thirty days after the date on which the dangerous waste management unit receives the known final volume of nondangerous wastes, or if there is a reasonable possibility that the dangerous waste management unit will receive additional nondangerous wastes, no later than one year after the date on which the unit received the most recent volume of nondangerous wastes. If the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department that the dangerous waste management unit has the capacity to receive additional nondangerous wastes and he has taken, and will continue to take, all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, the department may approve an extension to this one-year limit.

     (iii) If the facility's permit is terminated, or if the facility is otherwise ordered, by judicial decree or final order to cease receiving dangerous wastes or to close, then the requirements of (c) of this subsection do not apply. However, the owner or operator must close the facility in accordance with the deadlines established in subsection (4) of this section.

     (iv) Removal of wastes and decontamination or dismantling of equipment. Nothing in this subsection will preclude the owner or operator from removing dangerous wastes and decontaminating or dismantling equipment in accordance with the approved partial or final closure plan at any time before or after notification of partial or final closure.

     (4) Closure; time allowed for closure.

     (a) Within ninety days after receiving the final volume of dangerous wastes, or the final volume of nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements in (d) and (e) of this subsection, at a dangerous waste management unit or facility, the owner or operator must treat, remove from the unit or facility, or dispose of on site, all dangerous wastes in accordance with the approved closure plan. The department may approve a longer period if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements for requesting a modification to the permit and demonstrates that he has taken and will continue to take all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, and either:

     (i) The activities required to comply with this paragraph will, of necessity, take longer than ninety days to complete; or

     (ii)(A) The dangerous waste management unit or facility has the capacity to receive additional dangerous wastes, or has the capacity to receive nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with (d) and (e) of this subsection;

     (B) There is a reasonable likelihood that he or another person will recommence operation of the dangerous waste management unit or the facility within one year; and

     (C) Closure of the dangerous waste management unit or facility would be incompatible with continued operation of the site.

     (b) The owner or operator must complete partial and final closure activities in accordance with the approved closure plan and within one hundred eighty days after receiving the final volume of dangerous wastes, or the final volume of nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements in (d) and (e) of this subsection, at the dangerous waste management unit or facility. The department may approve an extension to the closure period if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements for requesting a modification to the permit and demonstrates that he has taken and will continue to take all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment from the unclosed but not operating dangerous waste management unit or facility, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, and either:

     (i) The partial or final closure activities will, of necessity, take longer than one hundred eighty days to complete; or

     (ii)(A) The dangerous waste management unit or facility has the capacity to receive additional dangerous wastes, or has the capacity to receive nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with (d) and (e) of this subsection;

     (B) There is reasonable likelihood that he or another person will recommence operation of the dangerous waste management unit or the facility within one year; and

     (C) Closure of the dangerous waste management unit or facility would be incompatible with continued operation of the site.

     (c) The demonstrations referred to in (a)(i) and (b)(i) of this subsection must be made as follows: The demonstrations in (a)(i) of this subsection must be made at least thirty days prior to the expiration of the specified ninety-day period; and the demonstration in (b)(i) of this subsection must be made at least thirty days prior to the expiration of the specified one hundred eighty-day period unless the owner or operator is otherwise subject to the deadlines in (d) of this subsection.

     (d) The department may allow an owner or operator to receive only nondangerous wastes in a landfill, land treatment, or surface impoundment unit after the final receipt of dangerous wastes at that unit if:

     (i) The owner or operator requests a permit modification in compliance with all applicable requirements in WAC 173-303-830 and 40 CFR Part 124 and in the permit modification request demonstrates that:

     (A) The unit has the existing design capacity as indicated on the part A application to receive nondangerous wastes; and

     (B) There is a reasonable likelihood that the owner or operator or another person will receive nondangerous wastes in the unit within one year after the final receipt of dangerous wastes; and

     (C) The nondangerous wastes will not be incompatible with any remaining wastes in the unit, or with the facility design and operating requirements of the unit or facility under this part; and

     (D) Closure of the dangerous waste management unit would be incompatible with continued operation of the unit or facility; and

     (E) The owner or operator is operating and will continue to operate in compliance with all applicable permit requirements; and

     (ii) The request to modify the permit includes an amended wastes analysis plan, ground water monitoring and response program, human exposure assessment required under RCRA section 3019, and closure and post-closure plan, and updated cost estimates and demonstrations of financial assurance for closure and post-closure care as necessary and appropriate, to reflect any changes due to the presence of dangerous constituents in the nondangerous wastes, and changes in closure activities, including the expected year of closure if applicable under subsection (3)(a)(viii) of this section, as a result of the receipt of nondangerous wastes following the final receipt of dangerous wastes; and

     (iii) The request to modify the permit includes revisions, as necessary and appropriate, to affected conditions of the permit to account for the receipt of nondangerous wastes following receipt of the final volume of dangerous wastes; and

     (iv) The request to modify the permit and the demonstration referred to in (d)(i) and (ii) of this subsection are submitted to the department no later than one hundred twenty days prior to the date on which the owner or operator of the facility receives the known final volume of dangerous wastes at the unit, or no later than ninety days after the effective date of this rule in the state in which the unit is located, whichever is later.

     (e) In addition to the requirements in (d) of this subsection, an owner or operator of a dangerous wastes surface impoundment that is not in compliance with the liner and leachate collection system requirements in 42 U.S.C. 3004 (o)(1) and 3005 (j)(1) or 42 U.S.C. 3004 (o)(2) or (3) or 3005 (j)(2), (3), (4) or (13) must:

     (i) Submit with the request to modify the permit:

     (A) A contingent corrective measures plan, unless a corrective action plan has already been submitted under WAC 173-303-645(10); and

     (B) A plan for removing dangerous wastes in compliance with (e)(ii) of this subsection; and

     (ii) Remove all dangerous wastes from the unit by removing all dangerous liquids, and removing all dangerous sludges to the extent practicable without impairing the integrity of the liner(s), if any.

     (iii) Removal of dangerous wastes must be completed no later than ninety days after the final receipt of dangerous wastes. The department may approve an extension to this deadline if the owner or operator demonstrates that the removal of dangerous wastes will, of necessity, take longer than the allotted period to complete and that an extension will not pose a threat to human health and the environment.

     (iv) If a release that is a statistically significant increase (or decrease in the case of pH) over background values for detection monitoring parameters of constituents specified in the permit or that exceeds the facility's ground water protection standard at the point of compliance, if applicable, is detected in accordance with the requirements in WAC 173-303-645, the owner or operator of the unit:

     (A) Must implement corrective measures in accordance with the approved contingent corrective measures plan required by (e)(i) of this subsection no later than one year after detection of the release, or approval of the contingent corrective measures plan, whichever is later;

     (B) May continue to receive wastes at the unit following detection of the release only if the approved corrective measures plan includes a demonstration that continued receipt of wastes will not impede corrective action; and

     (C) May be required by the department to implement corrective measures in less than one year or to cease the receipt of wastes until corrective measures have been implemented if necessary to protect human health and the environment.

     (v) During the period of corrective action, the owner or operator must provide semiannual reports to the department that describe the progress of the corrective action program, compile all ground water monitoring data, and evaluate the effect of the continued receipt of nondangerous wastes on the effectiveness of the corrective action.

     (vi) The department may require the owner or operator to commence closure of the unit if the owner or operator fails to implement corrective action measures in accordance with the approved contingent corrective measures plan within one year as required in (e)(iv) of this subsection, or fails to make substantial progress in implementing corrective action and achieving the facility's ground water protection standard or background levels if the facility has not yet established a ground water protection standard.

     (vii) If the owner or operator fails to implement corrective measures as required in (e)(iv) of this subsection or if the department determines that substantial progress has not been made pursuant to (e)(vi) of this subsection the department will:

     (A) Notify the owner or operator in writing that the owner or operator must begin closure in accordance with the deadline in (a) and (b) of this subsection and provide a detailed statement of reasons for this determination; and

     (B) Provide the owner or operator and the public, through a newspaper notice, the opportunity to submit written comments on the decision no later than twenty days after the date of the notice.

     (C) If the department receives no written comments, the decision will become final five days after the close of the comment period. The department will notify the owner or operator that the decision is final, and that a revised closure plan, if necessary, must be submitted within fifteen days of the final notice and that closure must begin in accordance with the deadlines in (a) and (b) of this subsection.

     (D) If the department receives written comments on the decision, it will make a final decision within thirty days after the end of the comment period, and provide the owner or operator in writing and the public through a newspaper notice, a detailed statement of reasons for the final decision. If the department determines that substantial progress has not been made, closure must be initiated in accordance with the deadlines in (a) and (b) of this subsection.

     (E) The final determinations made by the department under (e)(vii)(C) and (D) of this subsection are not subject to administrative appeal.

     (5) Disposal or decontamination of equipment, structures and soils. During the partial and final closure periods, all contaminated equipment, structures and soils must be properly disposed of or decontaminated unless otherwise specified in WAC 173-303-640(8), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), or under the authority of WAC 173-303-680 (2) and (4). By removing any dangerous wastes or dangerous constituents during partial and final closure, the owner or operator may become a generator of dangerous waste and must handle that waste in accordance with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230.

     (6) Certification of closure. Within sixty days of completion of closure of each dangerous waste management unit (including tank systems and container storage areas), and within sixty days of the completion of final closure, the owner or operator must submit to the department by registered mail, a certification that the dangerous waste management unit or facility, as applicable, has been closed in accordance with the specifications in the approved closure plan. The certification must be signed by the owner or operator and by an independent registered professional engineer. Documentation supporting the independent registered professional engineer's certification must be furnished to the department upon request until it releases the owner or operator from the financial assurance requirements for closure under WAC 173-303-620(4).

     (7) Post-closure care and use of property.

     (a) Post-closure care for each dangerous waste management unit subject to post-closure requirements must begin after completion of closure of the unit and continue for thirty years after that date and must consist of at least the following:

     (i) Ground water monitoring and reporting as required by WAC 173-303-645, 173-303-650, 173-303-655, 173-303-660, 173-303-665, and 173-303-680; and

     (ii) Maintenance and monitoring of waste containment systems as applicable.

     (b) Any time preceding partial closure of a dangerous waste management unit subject to post-closure care requirements or final closure, or any time during the post-closure period for a particular unit, the department may, in accordance with the permit modification procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840:

     (i) Shorten the post-closure care period applicable to the dangerous waste management unit, or facility, if all disposal units have been closed, if it finds that the reduced period is sufficient to protect human health and the environment (e.g., leachate or ground water monitoring results, characteristics of the dangerous waste, application of advanced technology, or alternative disposal, treatment, or reuse techniques indicate that the dangerous waste management unit or facility is secure); or

     (ii) Extend the post-closure care period applicable to the dangerous waste management unit or facility if it finds that the extended period is necessary to protect human health and the environment (e.g., leachate or ground water monitoring results indicate a potential for migration of dangerous waste at levels which may be harmful to human health and the environment).

     (c) The department may require, at partial or final closure, continuation of any of the security requirements of WAC 173-303-310 during part or all of the post-closure period when:

     (i) Dangerous wastes may remain exposed after completion of partial or final closure; or

     (ii) Access by the public or domestic livestock may pose a hazard to human health.

     (d) Post-closure use of property on or in which dangerous wastes remain after partial or final closure must never be allowed to disturb the integrity of the final cover, liner(s), or any other components of any containment system, or the function of the facility's monitoring systems, unless the department finds that the disturbance:

     (i) Is necessary to the proposed use of the property, and will not increase the potential hazard to human health or the environment; or

     (ii) Is necessary to reduce a threat to human health or the environment.

     (e) All post-closure care activities must be in accordance with the provisions of the approved post-closure plan as specified in subsection (8) of this section.

     (8) Post-closure plan; amendment of plan.

     (a) The owner or operator of a dangerous waste disposal unit must have a written post-closure plan. In addition, certain surface impoundments and certain piles from which the owner or operator intends to remove or decontaminate the dangerous wastes at partial or final closure are required by WAC 173-303-650 and 173-303-660, respectively, to have written contingent post-closure plans. Owners or operators of surface impoundments and waste piles not otherwise required to prepare contingent post-closure plans under WAC 173-303-650 or 173-303-660 must submit a post-closure plan to the department within ninety days from the date that the owner or operator or department determines that the dangerous waste management unit must be closed as a landfill, subject to the post-closure requirements. The plan must be submitted with the permit application, in accordance with WAC 173-303-806, and approved by the department as part of the permit issuance procedures under WAC 173-303-840. The approved post-closure plan will become a condition of any permit issued.

     (b) For each dangerous waste management unit subject to the requirements of this subsection, the post-closure plan must identify the activities which will be carried on after closure and the frequency of these activities, and include at least:

     (i) A description of the planned ground water monitoring activities and frequencies at which they will be performed;

     (ii) A description of the planned maintenance activities, and frequencies at which they will be performed to comply with WAC 173-303-645, 173-303-650, 173-303-655, 173-303-660, 173-303-665, and 173-303-680 during the post-closure care period, to ensure:

     (A) The integrity of the cap and final cover or other containment structures in accordance with the requirements of 173-303-645, 173-303-650, 173-303-655, 173-303-660, 173-303-665, and 173-303-680; and

     (B) The function of the facility monitoring equipment;

     (iii) The name, address, and phone number of the person or office to contact about the dangerous waste disposal unit or facility during the post-closure care period;

     (iv) And, for facilities where the director has applied alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e) or 173-303-620 (8)(d), the post-closure plan must include either the alternative requirements or a reference to the enforceable document that contains the alternative requirements.

     (c) Until final closure of the facility, a copy of the approved post-closure plan must be furnished to the department upon request, including request by mail. After final closure has been certified, the person or office specified in (b)(iii) of this subsection must keep the approved post-closure plan during the remainder of the post-closure period.

     (d) Amendment of plan. The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in the approved post-closure plan in accordance with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The written notification or request must include a copy of the amended post-closure plan for review or approval by the department.

     (i) The owner or operator may submit a written notification or request to the department for a permit modification to amend the post-closure plan at any time during the active life of the facility or during the post-closure care period.

     (ii) The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in the approved post-closure plan whenever:

     (A) Changes in operating plans or facility design affect the approved post-closure plan; or

     (B) There is a change in the expected year of final closure, if applicable; or

     (C) Events which occur during the active life of the facility, including partial and final closures, affect the approved post-closure plan; or

     (D) The owner/operator requests the director apply alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e), or 173-303-620 (8)(d).

     (iii) The owner or operator must submit a written request for a permit modification at least sixty days prior to the proposed change in facility design or operation, or no later than sixty days after an unexpected event has occurred which has affected the post-closure plan. An owner or operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile that intends to remove all dangerous waste at closure and is not otherwise required to submit a contingent post-closure plan under WAC 173-303-650 or 173-303-660 must submit a post-closure plan to the department no later than ninety days after the date that the owner or operator or department determines that the dangerous waste management unit must be closed as a landfill, subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-665. The department will approve, disapprove, or modify this plan in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The approved post-closure plan will become a permit condition.

     (iv) The department may request modifications to the plan under the conditions described in (d)(ii) of this subsection. The owner or operator must submit the modified plan no later than sixty days after the department's request, or no later than ninety days if the unit is a surface impoundment or waste pile not previously required to prepare a contingent post-closure plan. Any modifications requested by the department will be approved, disapproved, or modified in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840.

     (9) Notice to local land authority. No later than the submission of the certification of closure of each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator of a disposal facility must submit to the local zoning authority or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use and to the department a survey plat indicating the location and dimensions of landfill cells or other dangerous waste disposal units with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks. This plat must be prepared and certified by a professional land surveyor. The plat filed with the local zoning authority or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use must contain a note, prominently displayed, which states the owner's or operator's obligation to restrict disturbance of the dangerous waste disposal unit in accordance with the applicable requirements of this section. In addition, no later than sixty days after certification of closure of each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must submit to the local zoning authority or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use and to the department, a record of the type, location, and quantity of dangerous wastes disposed of within each cell or other disposal unit of the facility. For wastes disposed of before November 19, 1980 (March 12, 1982, for facilities subject to this chapter but not subject to 40 CFR Part 264), the owner or operator must identify the type, location, and quantity of the dangerous wastes to the best of his knowledge and in accordance with any records he has kept.

     (10) Notice in deed to property.

     (a) No later than sixty days after certification of closure of each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must submit to the local zoning authority, or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use, and to the department a record of the type, location, and quantity of dangerous wastes disposed of within each cell or other disposal unit of the facility. For hazardous wastes (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) disposed of before January 12, 1981, the owner or operator must identify the type, location, and quantity of the dangerous wastes to the best of his knowledge and in accordance with any records he has kept.

     (b) Within sixty days of certification of closure of the first dangerous waste disposal unit and within sixty days of certification of closure of the last dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must:

     (i) Record, in accordance with state law, a notation on the deed to the facility property, or on some other instrument which is normally examined during title search, that will in perpetuity notify any potential purchaser of the property that:

     (A) The land has been used to manage dangerous wastes;

     (B) Its use is restricted under this section; and

     (C) The survey plat and record of the type, location, and quantity of dangerous wastes disposed of within each cell or other dangerous waste disposal unit of the facility required in subsection (9) of this section have been filed with the local zoning authority, or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use, and with the department; and

     (ii) Submit a certification, signed by the owner or operator, that he has recorded the notation specified in (b)(i) of this subsection, including a copy of the document in which the notation has been placed, to the department.

     (c) If the owner or operator or any subsequent owner of the land upon which a dangerous waste facility was located wishes to remove dangerous wastes and dangerous waste residues, the liner, if any, or contaminated soils, he must request a modification to the post-closure permit in accordance with the applicable requirements in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The owner or operator must demonstrate that the removal of dangerous wastes will satisfy the criteria of subsection (7)(d) of this section. By removing dangerous waste, the owner or operator may become a generator of dangerous waste and must manage it in accordance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. If he is granted a permit modification or otherwise granted approval to conduct such removal activities, the owner or operator may request that the department approve either:

     (i) The removal of the notation on the deed to the facility property or other instrument normally examined during title search; or

     (ii) The addition of a notation to the deed or instrument indicating the removal of the dangerous waste.

     (11) Certification of completion of post-closure care. No later than sixty days after completion of the established post-closure care period for each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must submit to the department, by registered mail, a certification that the post-closure care period for the dangerous waste disposal unit was performed in accordance with the specifications in the approved post-closure plan. The certification must be signed by the owner or operator and an independent registered professional engineer. Documentation supporting the independent registered professional engineer's certification must be furnished to the department upon request until he releases the owner or operator from the financial assurance requirements for post-closure care under WAC 173-303-620(6).

     (12) The owner or operator of an off-site recycling facility subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-120 (3), (4), or used oil processor or rerefiner subject to WAC 173-303-515(9) must have a written closure plan.

     (a) Submittal. For new facilities, the closure plan must be submitted with the notification required under WAC 173-303-060. For existing facilities, the closure plan must be submitted within one hundred eighty days of the effective date of this regulation.

     (b) Review by department. Decision to approve or deny. Closure plans must be submitted to department for review, comment, approval or denial. The department decision to approve a closure plan must assure it is consistent with requirements in subsections (2) and (12) of this section. The department decision to deny a closure plan must be justified on the inability or unwillingness of the owner and operator to meet requirements in subsections (2) and (12) of this section or WAC 173-303-620 (1)(e). The department's decision may be appealed under the provisions of WAC 173-303-845.

     (c) Availability. A copy of the approved closure plan and all updates to the plan must be maintained at the facility and furnished to the department upon request, including request by mail, until final closure is completed and certified in accordance with subsection (6) of this section.

     (d) Contents of plan. The closure plan must identify steps necessary to perform final closure of the facility at any point during its active life. The closure plan must include at least:      (i) An estimate of the maximum inventory of dangerous wastes or used oil ever on-site over the active life of the facility;

     (ii) Descriptions, schedules, and disposal or decontamination procedures in subsections (3), (4), (5), (6) of this section, except any provisions dealing with permits, permit applications, modifications or approvals. The term "recycling unit" will replace the terms "dangerous waste management unit" or "regulated unit" in these subsections. Any references to permits or permit modifications in these subsections do not apply.

     (e) Obligation to amend. At least sixty days prior to a major change at an off-site recycling or used oil processor/rerefining facility, the owners/operator of that facility must submit an amended closure plan. A major change may include the addition of a recycling or recovery process that is subject to WAC 173-303-120 (3) or (4), any increase in the maximum inventory of dangerous waste or used oil described in the previously approved closure plan, the closure of an existing resource reclamation unit, or a change in ownership or operational control. The department must approve or deny, with justification, the revised closure plan.

     (f) Notification of closure. At least forty-five days prior to closure, an owner/operator must provide written notice to department of intent to close.

     (g) Relationship to closure plans for permitted facilities. A facility owner/operator that is subject to permitting and closure planning requirements for storage, treatment or disposal that is also required to prepare a closure plan for off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining, may satisfy the requirements of this subsection by combining all closure requirements in a single closure plan.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-610, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-610, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-610, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-610, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-610, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-610, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-610, filed 6/26/87; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-610, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-610, filed 2/10/82.]

     (a) The requirements of subsections (3), (4), (7), (8), (9), and (10) of this section, apply to owners and operators of all dangerous waste facilities, except as provided otherwise in this section.

     (b) The requirements of subsections (5) and (6) of this section apply to owners and operators of:

     (i) Dangerous waste disposal facilities;

     (ii) Tank systems that are required under WAC 173-303-640(8) to meet the requirements of landfills;

     (iii) Miscellaneous units as specified in WAC 173-303-680(4);

     (iv) Waste piles and surface impoundments to the extent that WAC 173-303-650 and 173-303-660, respectively, require that such facilities comply with this section; and

     (v) Containment buildings that are required under WAC 173-303-695 to meet the requirements for landfills.

     (c) States and the federal government are exempt from the requirements of this section. Operators of state or federally owned facilities are exempt from the requirements of this section, except subsections (3) and (5) of this section. Operators of facilities who are under contract with (but not owned by) the state or federal government must meet all of the requirements of this section.

     (d) The director may, in an enforceable document, replace all or part of the requirements of this section with alternative requirements for financial assurance when he or she:

     (i) Applies alternative requirements for ground water monitoring, closure or post-closure under WAC 173-303-610 (1)(d) or 173-303-645 (1)(e); and

     (ii) Determines that it is not necessary to apply the requirements of this section because the alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment.

     (e) The requirements of subsections (3), (4), (8), (9) and (10) of this section, apply to owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities and processors/rerefiners of used oil, except the term "recycling unit" will replace the terms "dangerous waste management unit" or "regulated unit."

     (i) If the closure plan for an off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility has not been approved by the department within one year of submittal to the department, the department may determine the closure cost estimate and direct the facility to establish financial assurance in that amount. Note that the schedule for partially funded trust funds for existing facilities of WAC 173-303-620 (4)(c)(i) may apply.

     (ii) Relationship to closure cost estimates and financial responsibility for permitted facilities. A facility owner/operator that is subject to closure cost estimating and financial responsibility requirements for dangerous waste management units and resource reclamation unit may choose to consolidate those requirements into a single mechanism for submittal to the department.

     (2) Definitions. As used in this section, the following listed or referenced terms have the meanings given below:

     (a) "Closure plan" means the plan for closure prepared in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-610(3);

     (b) "Current closure cost estimate" means the most recent of the estimates prepared in accordance with subsection (3) of this section;

     (c) "Current post-closure cost estimate" means the most recent of the estimates prepared in accordance with subsection (5) of this section;

     (d) "Parent corporation" means a corporation which directly owns at least fifty percent of the voting stock of the corporation which is the facility owner or operator; the latter corporation is deemed a "subsidiary" of the parent corporation;

     (e) "Post-closure plan" means the plan for post-closure care prepared in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-610 (7), (8), (9), and (10);

     (f) "Regional administrator" means the department;

     (g) "Hazardous waste" means dangerous waste; and

     (h) The additional terms listed and defined in 40 CFR 264.141 (f), (g), and (h) are incorporated by reference.

     (3) Cost estimate for facility closure.

     (a) The owner or operator must have a detailed written estimate, in current dollars, of the cost of closing the facility in accordance with the requirements in WAC 173-303-610 (2) through (6), and applicable closure requirements in WAC 173-303-630(10), 173-303-640(5), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), 173-303-670(8), 173-303-680 (2) through (4) and 173-303-695. The closure cost estimate:

     (i) Must equal the cost of closure at the point in the facility's operating life when the extent and manner of its operation would make closure the most expensive, as indicated by its closure plan (see WAC 173-303-610 (3)(a));

     (ii) Must be based on the costs to the owner or operator of hiring a third party to close the facility. A third party is a party who is neither a parent nor a subsidiary of the owner or operator. (See definition of parent corporation in subsection (2)(d) of this section.) The owner or operator may use costs for on-site disposal if he can demonstrate that on-site disposal capacity will exist at all times over the life of the facility;

     (iii) May not incorporate any salvage value that may be realized with the sale of dangerous wastes, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC 173-303-610 (4)(d), facility structures or equipment, land, or other assets associated with the facility at the time of partial or final closure; and

     (iv) May not incorporate a zero cost for dangerous wastes, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC 173-303-610 (4)(d), that might have economic value.

     (b) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must revise the closure cost estimate no later than thirty days after the department has approved the request to modify the closure plan, if the change in the closure plan increases the cost of closure. The revised closure cost estimate must be adjusted for inflation as specified in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection.

     (c) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must adjust the closure cost estimate for inflation within sixty days prior to the anniversary date of the establishment of the financial instrument(s) used to comply with this section. For owners and operators using the financial test or corporate guarantee, the closure cost estimate must be updated for inflation within thirty days after the close of the firm's fiscal year and before submission of updated information to the department as specified in subsection (4) of this section. The adjustment may be made by recalculating the maximum costs of closure in current dollars, or by using an inflation factor derived from the most recent Implicit Price Deflator for Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product as published by the United States Department of Commerce in its survey of current business. The inflation factor is the result of dividing the latest published annual deflator by the deflator for the previous year.

     (i) The first adjustment is made by multiplying the closure cost estimate by the inflation factor. The result is the adjusted closure cost estimate.

     (ii) Subsequent adjustments are made by multiplying the latest adjusted closure cost estimate by the latest inflation factor.

     (d) During the operating life of the facility, the owner or operator must keep at the facility the latest closure cost estimate prepared in accordance with (a) and (b) of this subsection, and, when this estimate has been adjusted in accordance with (c) of this subsection, the latest adjusted closure cost estimate.

     (4) Financial assurance for facility closure.

     (a) An owner or operator of a TSD, or off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility must establish financial assurance for closure of the facility. The owner or operator must choose from the following options or combination of options:

     (i) Closure trust fund;

     (ii) Surety bond guaranteeing payment into a closure trust fund;

     (iii) ((Surety bond guaranteeing performance of closure;

     (iv))) Closure letter of credit;

     (((v))) (iv) Closure insurance; or

     (((vi))) (v) Financial test and corporate guarantee for closure.

     (b) In satisfying the requirements of financial assurance for facility closure in this subsection, the owner or operator must meet all the requirements for the mechanisms listed above as set forth in 40 CFR 264.143 which are incorporated by reference. If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state.

     (c) 40 CFR 264.143 is modified by the following requirements:

     (i) Partially funded trust funds of 264.143 (a)(3) may not be accepted as a mechanism for a closure trust fund for TSDs. Owners and operators of existing recycling units that become subject to this section may establish a partially funded closure trust fund with a pay-in period of three years. The fund must be fully funded no later than three years (and the first , second and third payments due no later than one, two and three year(s) respectively) after the date of the department's approval of the closure plan under WAC 173-303-610 (12)(b);

     (ii) Financial or insurance institutions may not be used that are owned solely, or held in majority ownership, by the parent company of the TSD, off-site recycling or used oil processing facility seeking financial assurance;

     (iii) Insurance companies providing closure coverage must have a current rating of financial strength of:

     (A) AAA, AA, A as rated by Standard and Poor's;

     (B) Aaa, Aa, A as rated by Moody's; or

     (C) A++, A+, A, A-, as rated by A.M. Best;

     (iv) Ecology must be named as the beneficiary on an insurance policy;

     (v) Facility owners/operators requesting the use of the financial test and corporate guarantee must meet a minimum tangible net worth criterion of twenty million dollars.

     (d) Owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities regulated under WAC 173-303-120 (3) or (4), or used oil processing/rerefining facilities regulated under WAC 173-303-515(9), must demonstrate financial assurance for closure of the facility or resource reclamation units. In addition to the requirements of 40 CFR 264.143, as amended by this subsection, the financial assurance must meet the following requirements:

     (i) For existing facilities choosing a surety bond, letter of credit, insurance, financial test or corporate guarantee, the mechanism must be established within thirty-six months of the effective date of this section;

     (ii) Owners and operators of existing facilities choosing a partially funded trust fund mechanism must establish a fully funded trust fund within thirty-six months of approval of the closure plan by the department (see (c)(i) of this subsection);

     (iv) For new facilities, be established and submitted to the department at least sixty days prior to the acceptance of the first shipment of wastes.

     (5) Cost estimate for post-closure monitoring and maintenance.

     (a) The owner or operator of a facility subject to post-closure monitoring or maintenance requirements must have a detailed written estimate, in current dollars, of the annual cost of post-closure monitoring and maintenance of the facility in accordance with the applicable post-closure regulations in WAC 173-303-610 (7) through (10), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), and 173-303-680(4). The post-closure cost estimate must be based on the costs to the owner or operator of hiring a third party to conduct post-closure care activities. A third party is a party who is neither a parent nor a subsidiary of the owner or operator. (See definition of parent corporation in subsection (2)(d) of this section.) The post-closure cost estimate is calculated by multiplying the annual post-closure cost estimate by the number of years of post-closure care required by WAC 173-303-610.

     (b) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must revise the post-closure cost estimate within thirty days after the department has approved the request to modify the post-closure plan, if the change in the post-closure plan increases the cost of post-closure care. The revised post-closure cost estimate must be adjusted for inflation as specified in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection.

     (c) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must adjust the post-closure cost estimate for inflation within sixty days prior to the anniversary date of the establishment of the financial instrument(s) used to comply with subsection (6) of this section. For owners or operators using the financial test or corporate guarantee, the postclosure cost estimate must be updated for inflation within thirty days after the close of the firm's fiscal year and before the submission of updated information to the department as specified in subsection (6) of this section. The adjustment may be made by recalculating the post-closure cost estimate in current dollars or by using an inflation factor derived from the most recent Implicit Price Deflator for Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product as published by the United States Department of Commerce in its Survey of Current Business. The inflation factor is the result of dividing the latest published annual deflator by the deflator for the previous year.

     (i) The first adjustment is made by multiplying the post-closure cost estimate by the inflation factor. The result is the adjusted post-closure cost estimate.

     (ii) Subsequent adjustments are made by multiplying the latest adjusted post-closure cost estimate by the latest inflation factor.

     (d) During the operating life of the facility, the owner or operator must keep at the facility the latest postclosure cost estimate prepared in accordance with (a) and (b) of this subsection, and, when this estimate has been adjusted in accordance with (c) of this subsection, the latest adjusted post-closure cost estimate.

     (6) Financial assurance for post-closure monitoring and maintenance.

     (a) An owner or operator of a facility subject to post-closure monitoring or maintenance requirements must establish financial assurance for post-closure care in accordance with the approved post-closure care plan. He must choose from the following options or combination of options:

     (i) Post-closure trust fund, except that the use of partially funded trust funds, as provided in 40 CFR 264.145(a), will not be allowed by the department;

     (ii) Surety bond guaranteeing payment into a post-closure trust fund;

     (iii) ((Surety bond guaranteeing performance of post-closure care;

     (iv))) Post-closure letter of credit;

     (((v))) (iv) Post-closure insurance; however, financial or insurance institutions providing such insurance may not:

     (A) Be owned solely, or held in majority ownership, by the parent company of the TSD seeking financial assurance; and

     (B) Must have a current rating of financial strength of:

     (I) AAA, AA, A as rated by Standard and Poor's;

     (II) Aaa, Aa, A as rated by Moody's; or

     (III) A++, A+, A, A-, as rated by A.M. Best; or

     Financial test and corporate guarantee for post-closure care; or

     (((vi))) (v) Financial test and corporate guarantee for post-closure care, except that the criterion for minimum tangible net worth in 40 CFR 264.145(e) must be in an amount of at least twenty million dollars.

     (b) In satisfying the requirements of financial assurance for facility post-closure care in this subsection, the owner or operator must meet all the requirements set forth in 40 CFR 264.145 which are incorporated by reference. If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state.

     (7) Use of a mechanism for financial assurance of both closure and post-closure care. An owner or operator may satisfy the requirements for financial assurance for both closure and post-closure care for one or more facilities by using a trust fund, surety bond, letter of credit, insurance, financial test, or corporate guarantee that meets the specifications for the mechanism in both 40 CFR 264.143 and 264.145 which are incorporated by reference. The amount of funds available through the mechanism must be no less than the sum of funds that would be available if a separate mechanism had been established and maintained for financial assurance of closure and of postclosure care.

     (8) Liability requirements.

     (a) An owner or operator of a TSD facility, off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility, or a group of such facilities must demonstrate financial responsibility for bodily injury and property damages to third parties caused by sudden accidental occurrences arising from operations of the facility or group of facilities. The owner or operator must meet the requirements of 40 CFR 264.147(a) which is incorporated by reference , with the following additional requirements:

     (i) Financial or insurance institutions may not be used that are owned solely, or held in majority ownership, by the parent company of the TSD, off-site recycling or used oil processing facility seeking financial assurance coverage;

     (ii) Insurance companies providing liability coverage must have a current rating of financial strength of:

     (A) AAA, AA, A as rated by Standard and Poor's;

     (B) Aaa, Aa, A as rated by Moody's; or

     (C) A++, A+, A, A-, as rated by A.M. Best;

     (iii) The department may file claims against liability insurance when contamination occurs as a result of releases or discharges of dangerous wastes or used oil from recycling units subject to regulation under this section to waters of the state as defined under chapter 90.48 RCW;

     (iv) facility owners/operators requesting the use of the financial test and corporate guarantee must meet a minimum tangible net worth criterion of twenty million dollars.

     (b) An owner or operator of a facility with a regulated unit or units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) or a disposal miscellaneous unit or units used to manage dangerous waste or a group of such facilities must demonstrate financial responsibility for bodily injury and property damage to third parties caused by nonsudden accidental occurrences arising from operations of the facility or group of facilities. The owner or operator must meet the requirements of 40 CFR 264.147(b), 264.147 (f), (g), (h), (i), and (j) which are incorporated by reference.

     (c) Request for variance. If an owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the levels of financial responsibility required by (a) or (b) of this subsection are not consistent with the degree and duration of risk associated with treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility or group of facilities, the owner or operator may obtain a variance from the department. The request for a variance must be submitted to the department as part of the application under WAC 173-303-806(4) for a facility that does not have a permit, or pursuant to the procedures for permit modification under WAC 173-303-830 for a facility that has a permit. If granted, the variance will take the form of an adjusted level of required liability coverage, such level to be based on the department's assessment of the degree and duration of risk associated with the ownership or operation of the facility or group of facilities. The department may require an owner or operator who requests a variance to provide such technical and engineering information as is deemed necessary by the department to determine a level of financial responsibility other than that required by (a) or (b) of this subsection. Any request for a variance for a permitted facility will be treated as a request for a permit modification under WAC 173-303-830.

     (d) Adjustments by the department. If the department determines that the levels of financial responsibility required by (a) or (b) of this subsection are not consistent with the degree and duration of risk associated with treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility or group of facilities, the department may adjust the level of financial responsibility required under (a) or (b) of this subsection as may be necessary to protect human health and the environment. This adjusted level will be based on the department's assessment of the degree and duration of risk associated with the ownership or operation of the facility or group of facilities. In addition, if the department determines that there is a significant risk to human health and the environment from nonsudden accidental occurrences resulting from the operations of a facility that has no regulated units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040), it may require that the owner or operator of the facility comply with (b) of this subsection. An owner or operator must furnish to the department within a reasonable time, any information which the department requests to determine whether cause exists for such adjustments of level or type of coverage. Any adjustments of level or type of coverage for a facility that has a permit will be treated as a permit modification under WAC 173-303-830.

     (e) Period of coverage. An owner or operator must continuously provide liability coverage for a facility as required by this subsection until certifications of closure of the facility, as specified in WAC 173-303-610(6), are received by the department.

     (f) The following subsections are incorporated by reference: 40 CFR section 264.147(f), Financial test for liability coverage, (g) Guarantee for liability coverage, (h) Letter of credit for liability coverage, (i) Surety bond for liability coverage, and (j) Trust fund for liability coverage.

     (9) Incapacity of owners or operators, guarantor or financial institutions.

     (a) An owner or operator must notify the department by certified mail of the commencement of a voluntary or involuntary proceeding under Title 11 (Bankruptcy), United States Code, naming the owner or operator as debtor, within ten days after commencement of the proceeding. A guarantor of a corporate guarantee as specified in 40 CFR 264.143(f) and 264.145(f) must make such a notification if he is named as debtor, as required under the terms of the corporate guarantee (40 CFR 264.151(h)).

     (b) An owner or operator who fulfills the requirements of 40 CFR 264.143, 264.145, or 264.147 (a) or (b) by obtaining a trust fund, surety bond, letter of credit, or insurance policy will be deemed to be without the required financial assurance or liability coverage in the event of bankruptcy of the trustee or issuing institution, or a suspension or revocation of the authority of the trustee institution to act as trustee or of the institution issuing the surety bond, letter of credit, or insurance policy to issue such instruments. The owner or operator must establish other financial assurance or liability coverage within sixty days after such an event.

     (10) Wording of the instruments. The financial instruments required by this section must contain the wording specified by 40 CFR 264.151 which is incorporated by reference, except that:

     (a) The words "regional administrator" and "environmental protection agency" must be replaced with the words Washington state department of ecology;

     (b) The words "hazardous waste" must be replaced with the words "dangerous waste";

     (c) Any other words specified by the department must be changed as necessary to assure financial responsibility of the facility in accordance with the requirements of this section; and

     (d) Whenever 40 CFR 264.151 requires that owners and operators notify several regional administrators of their financial obligations, the owner or operator must notify both the department and all regional administrators of regions that are affected by the owner or operator's financial assurance mechanisms.

     Copies of the financial instruments with the appropriate word changes will be available from the department by June 30, 1984.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-620, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-620, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-620, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-620, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-620, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-620, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-620, filed 6/26/87; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-620, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-620, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-340.]

     (2) Condition of containers. If a container holding dangerous waste is not in good condition (e.g., severe rusting, apparent structural defects) or if it begins to leak, the owner or operator must transfer the dangerous waste from the container to a container that is in good condition or manage the waste in some other way that complies with the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC. In addition, the owner or operator must address leaks and spills in accordance with the applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-145 and 173-303-360.

     (3) Identification of containers. The owner or operator must label containers in a manner which adequately identifies the major risk(s) associated with the contents of the containers for employees, emergency response personnel and the public (Note -- If there is already a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate). The owner or operator must affix labels upon transfer of dangerous wastes from one container to another. The owner or operator must destroy or otherwise remove labels from the emptied container, unless the container will continue to be used for storing dangerous waste at the facility. The owner or operator must ensure that labels are not obscured, removed, or otherwise unreadable in the course of inspection required under WAC 173-303-320.

     (4) Compatibility of waste with containers. The owner or operator must use a container made of or lined with materials which will not react with, and are otherwise compatible with, the dangerous waste to be stored, so that the ability of the container to contain the waste is not impaired.

     (5) Management of containers.

     (a) A container holding dangerous waste must always be closed, except when it is necessary to add or remove waste.

     (b) A container holding dangerous waste must not be opened, handled, or stored in a manner which may rupture the container or cause it to leak.

     (c) A minimum thirty-inch separation is required between aisles of containers holding dangerous waste(s). A row of drums must be no more than two drums wide.

     (6) Inspections. At least weekly, the owner or operator must inspect areas where containers are stored, looking for leaking containers and for deterioration of containers and the containment system caused by corrosion, deterioration, or other factors. The owner or operator must keep an inspection log including at least the date and time of the inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a notation of the observations made and the date and nature of any repairs or remedial actions taken. The log must be kept at the facility for at least five years from the date of inspection.

     (7) Containment.

     (a) Container storage areas must have a containment system that is capable of collecting and holding spills and leaks. In addition to the necessary leak containment capacity, uncovered storage areas must be capable of holding the additional volume that would result from the precipitation of a maximum twenty-five year storm of twenty-four hours duration. The containment system must:

     (i) Have a base underlying the containers which is free of cracks or gaps and is sufficiently impervious to contain leaks, spills, and accumulated rainfall until the collected material is detected and removed. The base must be sloped or the containment system must be otherwise designed and operated to drain and remove liquids resulting from leaks, spills, or precipitation, unless the containers are elevated or are otherwise protected from contact with accumulated liquids;

     (ii) Be designed for positive drainage control (such as a locked drainage valve) to prevent release of contaminated liquids and so that uncontaminated precipitation can be drained promptly for convenience of operation. Spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the containment system in as timely a manner as is necessary to prevent overflow; and

     (iii) Have sufficient capacity to contain ten percent of the volume of all containers or the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. Only containers holding free liquids, or holding wastes designated as F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 need to be considered in this determination.

     (b) Run-on into the containment system must be prevented, unless the department waives this requirement in the permit after determining that the collection system has sufficient excess capacity in addition to that required in (a)(iii) of this subsection to accommodate any run-on which might enter the system.

     (c) Storage areas that store containers holding only wastes that do not contain free liquids, do not exhibit either the characteristic of ignitability or reactivity as described in WAC 173-303-090 (5) or (7), and are not designated as F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027, need not have a containment system as described in this subsection: Provided, That:

     (i) The storage area is sloped or is otherwise designed and operated to drain and remove liquid resulting from precipitation; or

     (ii) The containers are elevated or are otherwise protected from contact with accumulated liquids.

     (d) The department may require generators to protect their containers from the elements by means of a building or other protective covering if the department determines that such protection is necessary to prevent a release of waste or waste constituents due to the nature of the waste or design of the container. The building or other protective covering must allow adequate inspection under subsection (6) of this section.

     (8) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste.

     (a) Containers holding reactive waste exhibiting a characteristic specified in WAC 173-303-090 (7)(a)(vi), (vii) or (viii) must be stored in a manner equivalent to the ((Uniform Fire Code's "American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives," Table 77-201, 1997 edition)) International Fire Code's "American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives" Table 3304.5.2(2) or "Table of Separation Distances for Low Explosives" Table 3304.5.2(3), 2003 edition, or the version adopted by the local fire district.

     (b) The owner or operator must design, operate, and maintain ignitable waste and reactive waste (other than a reactive waste which must meet (a) of this subsection) container storage in a manner equivalent with the ((Uniform)) International Fire Code. Where no specific standard or requirements are specified in the ((Uniform)) International Fire Code, or in existing state or local fire codes, applicable sections of the NFPA Pamphlet #30, "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code," must be used. The owner/operator must also comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-395 (1)(d).

     (9) Special requirements for incompatible wastes.

     (a) Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same container, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with.

     (b) Dangerous waste must not be placed in an unwashed container that previously held an incompatible waste or material.

     (c) A storage container holding a dangerous waste that is incompatible with any waste or other materials stored nearby in other containers, piles, open tanks, or surface impoundments must be separated from the other materials or protected from them by means of a dike, berm, wall, or other device. Containment systems for incompatible wastes must be separate.

     (10) Closure. At closure, all dangerous waste and dangerous waste residues must be removed from the containment system. Remaining containers, liners, bases, and soil containing or contaminated with dangerous waste or dangerous waste residues must be decontaminated or removed.

     (11) Air emission standards. The owner or operator must manage all hazardous waste placed in a container in accordance with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Subparts AA, BB, and CC, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-690 through 173-303-692.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-630, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-630, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-630, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-630, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-630, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-630, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-630, filed 2/10/82.]

     (a) The regulations in WAC 173-303-640 apply to owners and operators of facilities that use tank systems to treat or store dangerous waste, except as (b), (c), and (d) of this subsection provides otherwise.

     (b) Tank systems that are used to store or treat dangerous waste which contain no free liquids and are situated inside a building with an impermeable floor are exempted from the requirements in subsection (4) of this section. To demonstrate the absence or presence of free liquids in the stored/treated waste, the test method described in WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a) must be used.

     (c) Tank systems, including sumps, as defined in WAC 173-303-040, that serve as part of a secondary containment system to collect or contain releases of dangerous wastes are exempted from the requirements in subsection (4)(a) of this section.

     (d) Tanks, sumps, and other such collection devices or systems used in conjunction with drip pads, as defined in WAC 173-303-040 and regulated under WAC 173-303-675, must meet the requirements of this section.

     (2) Assessment of existing tank system's integrity.

     (a) For each existing tank system, the owner or operator must determine that the tank system is not leaking or is unfit for use. Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, the owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility a written assessment reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer, in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a), that attests to the tank system's integrity by January 12, 1988, for underground tanks that do not meet the requirements of subsection (4) of this section and that cannot be entered for inspection, or by January 12, 1990, for all other tank systems.

     (b) Tank systems that store or treat materials that become dangerous wastes subsequent to January 12, 1989, must conduct this assessment within twelve months after the date that the waste becomes a dangerous waste.

     (c) This assessment must determine that the tank system is adequately designed and has sufficient structural strength and compatibility with the waste(s) to be stored or treated, to ensure that it will not collapse, rupture, or fail. At a minimum, this assessment must consider the following:

     (i) Design standard(s), if available, according to which the tank system was constructed;

     (ii) Dangerous characteristics of the waste(s) that have been and will be handled;

     (iii) Existing corrosion protection measures;

     (iv) Documented age of the tank system, if available (otherwise, an estimate of the age); and

     (v) Results of a leak test, internal inspection, or other tank system integrity examination such that:

     (A) For nonenterable underground tanks, the assessment must include a leak test that is capable of taking into account the effects of temperature variations, tank end deflection, vapor pockets, and high water table effects; and

     (B) For other than nonenterable underground tanks and for ancillary equipment, this assessment must include either a leak test, as described above, or other integrity examination, that is certified by an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer, in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a), that addresses cracks, leaks, corrosion, and erosion.

Note:

((The practices described in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication, Guide for Inspection of Refinery Equipment, Chapter XIII, "Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks," 4th edition, 1981,)) Three publications may be used, where applicable, as guidelines in conducting other than a leak test: Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, API Standard 653, Addendum 4 issued in December 1999; Guidance for Assessing and Certifying Tank Systems that Store and Treat Dangerous Waste, Ecology Publication No. 94-114; and Steel Tank Institute publication #SP001-00 Standard for Inspection of In-Service Shop Fabricated Aboveground Tanks for Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids copyright 2000.

     (d) If, as a result of the assessment conducted in accordance with (a) of this subsection, a tank system is found to be leaking or unfit for use, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section.

     (e) The owner or operator must develop a schedule for conducting integrity assessments over the life of the tank to ensure that the tank retains its structural integrity and will not collapse, rupture, or fail. The schedule must be based on the results of past integrity assessments, age of the tank system, materials of construction, characteristics of the waste, and any other relevant factors.

     (3) Design and installation of new tank systems or components.

     (a) Owners or operators of new tank systems or components must obtain (and for facilities that are pursuing or have obtained a final status permit, submit to the department, at time of submittal of Part B information) a written assessment, reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer, in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a), attesting that the tank system has sufficient structural integrity and is acceptable for the storing and treating of dangerous waste. The assessment must show that the foundation, structural support, seams, connections, and pressure controls (if applicable) are adequately designed and that the tank system has sufficient structural strength, compatibility with the waste(s) to be stored or treated, and corrosion protection to ensure that it will not collapse, rupture, or fail. This assessment (which will be used by the department to review and approve or disapprove the acceptability of the tank system design at facilities which are pursuing or have obtained a final status permit) must include, at a minimum, the following information:

     (i) Design standard(s) according to which tank system(s) are constructed;

     (ii) Dangerous characteristics of the waste(s) to be handled;

     (iii) For new tank systems or components in which the external shell of a metal tank or any external metal component of the tank system will be in contact with the soil or with water, a determination by a corrosion expert of:

     (A) Factors affecting the potential for corrosion, including but not limited to:

     (I) Soil moisture content;

     (II) Soil pH;

     (III) Soil sulfides level;

     (IV) Soil resistivity;

     (V) Structure to soil potential;

     (VI) Influence of nearby underground metal structures (e.g., piping);

     (VII) Existence of stray electric current;

     (VIII) Existing corrosion-protection measures (e.g., coating, cathodic protection); and

     (B) The type and degree of external corrosion protection that are needed to ensure the integrity of the tank system during the use of the tank system or component, consisting of one or more of the following:

     (I) Corrosion-resistant materials of construction such as special alloys, fiberglass reinforced plastic, etc.;

     (II) Corrosion-resistant coating (such as epoxy, fiberglass, etc.,) with cathodic protection (e.g., impressed current or sacrificial anodes); and

     (III) Electrical isolation devices such as insulating joints, flanges, etc.

Note:

The practices described in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) standard, "Recommended Practice (RP-02-85) -- Control of External Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems," and the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1632, "Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems," may be used, where applicable, as guidelines in providing corrosion protection for tank systems.

     (iv) For underground tank system components that are likely to be adversely affected by vehicular traffic, a determination of design or operational measures that will protect the tank system against potential damage; and

     (v) Design considerations to ensure that:

     (A) Tank foundations will maintain the load of a full tank;

     (B) Tank systems will be anchored to prevent flotation or dislodgment where the tank system is either placed in a saturated zone, or is located less than five hundred feet from a fault which has had displacement in Holocene times; and

     (C) Tank systems will withstand the effects of frost heave.

     (b) The owner or operator must develop a schedule for conducting integrity assessments over the life of the tank to ensure that the tank retains its structural integrity and will not collapse, rupture or fail. The schedule must be based on the results of past integrity assessments, age of the tank system, materials of construction, characteristics of the waste, and any other relevant factors.

     (c) The owner or operator of a new tank system must ensure that proper handling procedures are adhered to in order to prevent damage to the system during installation. Prior to covering, enclosing, or placing a new tank system or component in use, an independent, qualified installation inspector or an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer, either of whom is trained and experienced in the proper installation of tank systems or components, must inspect the system for the presence of any of the following items:

     (i) Weld breaks;

     (ii) Punctures;

     (iii) Scrapes of protective coatings;

     (iv) Cracks;

     (v) Corrosion;

     (vi) Other structural damage or inadequate construction/installation.

All discrepancies must be remedied before the tank system is covered, enclosed, or placed in use.

     (d) New tank systems or components that are placed underground and that are backfilled must be provided with a backfill material that is a noncorrosive, porous, homogeneous substance and that is installed so that the backfill is placed completely around the tank and compacted to ensure that the tank and piping are fully and uniformly supported.

     (e) All new tanks and ancillary equipment must be tested for tightness prior to being covered, enclosed, or placed in use. If a tank system is found not to be tight, all repairs necessary to remedy the leak(s) in the system must be performed prior to the tank system being covered, enclosed, or placed into use.

     (f) Ancillary equipment must be supported and protected against physical damage and excessive stress due to settlement, vibration, expansion, or contraction.

Note:

The piping system installation procedures described in American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1615 (November 1979), "Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage Systems," or ANSI Standard B31.3, "Petroleum Refinery Piping," and ANSI Standard B31.4 "Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping System," may be used, where applicable, as guidelines for proper installation of piping systems.

     (g) The owner or operator must provide the type and degree of corrosion protection recommended by an independent corrosion expert, based on the information provided under (a)(iii) of this subsection, or other corrosion protection if the department believes other corrosion protection is necessary to ensure the integrity of the tank system during use of the tank system. The installation of a corrosion protection system that is field fabricated must be supervised by an independent corrosion expert to ensure proper installation.

     (h) The owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility written statements by those persons required to certify the design of the tank system and supervise the installation of the tank system in accordance with the requirements of (b) through (g) of this subsection, that attest that the tank system was properly designed and installed and that repairs, pursuant to (c) and (e) of this subsection, were performed. These written statements must also include the certification statement as required in WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a).

     (4) Containment and detection of releases.

     (a) In order to prevent the release of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents to the environment, secondary containment that meets the requirements of this subsection must be provided (except as provided in (f) and (g) of this subsection):

     (i) For all new tank systems or components, prior to their being put into service;

     (ii) For all existing tank systems used to store or treat Dangerous Waste Nos. F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027, within two years after January 12, 1989;

     (iii) For those existing tank systems of known and documented age, within two years after January 12, 1989, or when the tank system has reached fifteen years of age, whichever comes later;

     (iv) For those existing tank systems for which the age cannot be documented, within eight years of January 12, 1989; but if the age of the facility is greater than seven years, secondary containment must be provided by the time the facility reaches fifteen years of age, or within two years of January 12, 1989, whichever comes later; and

     (v) For tank systems that store or treat materials that become dangerous wastes subsequent to January 12, 1989, within the time intervals required in (a)(i) through (iv) of this subsection, except that the date that a material becomes a dangerous waste must be used in place of January 12, 1989.

     (b) Secondary containment systems must be:

     (i) Designed, installed, and operated to prevent any migration of wastes or accumulated liquid out of the system to the soil, ground water, or surface water at any time during the use of the tank system; and

     (ii) Capable of detecting and collecting releases and accumulated liquids until the collected material is removed.

     (c) To meet the requirements of (b) of this subsection, secondary containment systems must be at a minimum:

     (i) Constructed of or lined with materials that are compatible with the waste(s) to be placed in the tank system and must have sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure owing to pressure gradients (including static head and external hydrological forces), physical contact with the waste to which it is exposed, climatic conditions, and the stress of daily operations (including stresses from nearby vehicular traffic);

     (ii) Placed on a foundation or base capable of providing support to the secondary containment system, resistance to pressure gradients above and below the system, and capable of preventing failure due to settlement, compression, or uplift;

     (iii) Provided with a leak-detection system that is designed and operated so that it will detect the failure of either the primary or secondary containment structure or the presence of any release of dangerous waste or accumulated liquid in the secondary containment system within twenty-four hours, or at the earliest practicable time if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department that existing detection technologies or site conditions will not allow detection of a release within twenty-four hours; and

     (iv) Sloped or otherwise designed or operated to drain and remove liquids resulting from leaks, spills, or precipitation. Spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the secondary containment system within twenty-four hours, or in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent harm to human health and the environment, if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department that removal of the released waste or accumulated precipitation cannot be accomplished within twenty-four hours.

Note:

If the collected material is a dangerous waste under WAC 173-303-070, it is subject to management as a dangerous waste in accordance with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-400 and WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695. If the collected material is discharged through a point source to waters of the United States, it is subject to the requirements of sections 301, 304, and 402 of the Clean Water Act, as amended. If discharged to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW), it is subject to the requirements of section 307 of the Clean Water Act, as amended. If the collected material is released to the environment, it may be subject to the reporting requirements of 40 CFR Part 302.

     (d) Secondary containment for tanks must include one or more of the following devices:

     (i) A liner (external to the tank);

     (ii) A vault;

     (iii) A double-walled tank; or

     (iv) An equivalent device as approved by the department.

     (e) In addition to the requirements of (b), (c), and (d) of this subsection, secondary containment systems must satisfy the following requirements:

     (i) External liner systems must be:

     (A) Designed or operated to contain one hundred percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary;

     (B) Designed or operated to prevent run-on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run-on or infiltration. Such additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a twenty-five-year, twenty-four-hour rainfall event.

     (C) Free of cracks or gaps; and

     (D) Designed and installed to surround the tank completely and to cover all surrounding earth likely to come into contact with the waste if the waste is released from the tank(s) (i.e., capable of preventing lateral as well as vertical migration of the waste).

     (ii) Vault systems must be:

     (A) Designed or operated to contain one hundred percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary;

     (B) Designed or operated to prevent run-on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run-on or infiltration. Such additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a twenty-five-year, twenty-four-hour rainfall event;

     (C) Constructed with chemical-resistant water stops in place at all joints (if any);

     (D) Provided with an impermeable interior coating or lining that is compatible with the stored waste and that will prevent migration of waste into the concrete;

     (E) Provided with a means to protect against the formation of and ignition of vapors within the vault, if the waste being stored or treated:

     (I) Meets the definition of ignitable waste under WAC 173-303-090(5); or

     (II) Meets the definition of reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090(7), and may form an ignitable or explosive vapor.

     (F) Provided with an exterior moisture barrier or be otherwise designed or operated to prevent migration of moisture into the vault if the vault is subject to hydraulic pressure.

     (iii) Double-walled tanks must be:

     (A) Designed as an integral structure (i.e., an inner tank completely enveloped within an outer shell) so that any release from the inner tank is contained by the outer shell;

     (B) Protected, if constructed of metal, from both corrosion of the primary tank interior and of the external surface of the outer shell; and

     (C) Provided with a built-in continuous leak detection system capable of detecting a release within twenty-four hours, or at the earliest practicable time, if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department, and the department concludes, that the existing detection technology or site conditions would not allow detection of a release within twenty-four hours.

Note:

The provisions outlined in the Steel Tank Institute's (STI) "Standard for Dual Wall Underground Steel Storage Tanks" may be used as guidelines for aspects of the design of underground steel double-walled tanks.

     (f) Ancillary equipment must be provided with secondary containment (e.g., trench, jacketing, double-walled piping) that meets the requirements of (b) and (c) of this subsection except for:

     (i) Aboveground piping (exclusive of flanges, joints, valves, and other connections) that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis;

     (ii) Welded flanges, welded joints, and welded connections, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis;

     (iii) Sealless or magnetic coupling pumps and sealless valves, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis; and

     (iv) Pressurized aboveground piping systems with automatic shutoff devices (e.g., excess flow check valves, flow metering shutdown devices, loss of pressure actuated shutoff devices) that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis.

     (g) The owner or operator may obtain a variance from the requirements of this subsection if the department finds, as a result of a demonstration by the owner or operator that alternative design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any dangerous waste or dangerous constituents into the ground water, or surface water at least as effectively as secondary containment during the active life of the tank system or that in the event of a release that does migrate to ground water or surface water, no substantial present or potential hazard will be posed to human health or the environment. New underground tank systems may not, per a demonstration in accordance with (g)(ii) of this subsection, be exempted from the secondary containment requirements of this section.

     (i) In deciding whether to grant a variance based on a demonstration of equivalent protection of ground water and surface water, the department will consider:

     (A) The nature and quantity of the wastes;

     (B) The proposed alternate design and operation;

     (C) The hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including the thickness of soils present between the tank system and ground water; and

     (D) All other factors that would influence the quality and mobility of the dangerous constituents and the potential for them to migrate to ground water or surface water.

     (ii) In deciding whether to grant a variance based on a demonstration of no substantial present or potential hazard, the department will consider:

     (A) The potential adverse effects on ground water, surface water, and land quality taking into account:

     (I) The physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the tank system, including its potential for migration;

     (II) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land;

     (III) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents;

     (IV) The potential for damage to wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents; and

     (V) The persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects.

     (B) The potential adverse effects of a release on ground water quality, taking into account:

     (I) The quantity and quality of ground water and the direction of ground water flow;

     (II) The proximity and withdrawal rates of ground water users;

     (III) The current and future uses of ground water in the area; and

     (IV) The existing quality of ground water, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the ground water quality.

     (C) The potential adverse effects of a release on surface water quality, taking into account:

     (I) The quantity and quality of ground water and the direction of ground water flow;

     (II) The patterns of rainfall in the region;

     (III) The proximity of the tank system to surface waters;

     (IV) The current and future uses of surface waters in the area and any water quality standards established for those surface waters; and

     (V) The existing quality of surface water, including other sources of contamination and the cumulative impact on surface-water quality.

     (D) The potential adverse effects of a release on the land surrounding the tank system, taking into account:

     (I) The patterns of rainfall in the region; and

     (II) The current and future uses of the surrounding land.

     (iii) The owner or operator of a tank system, for which a variance from secondary containment had been granted in accordance with the requirements of (g)(i) of this subsection, at which a release of dangerous waste has occurred from the primary tank system but has not migrated beyond the zone of engineering control (as established in the variance), must:

     (A) Comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section, except subsection (7)(d) of this section; and

     (B) Decontaminate or remove contaminated soil to the extent necessary to:

     (I) Enable the tank system for which the variance was granted to resume operation with the capability for the detection of releases at least equivalent to the capability it had prior to the release; and

     (II) Prevent the migration of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents to ground water or surface water.

     (C) If contaminated soil cannot be removed or decontaminated in accordance with (g)(iii)(B) of this subsection, comply with the requirements of subsection (8) of this section.

     (iv) The owner or operator of a tank system, for which a variance from secondary containment had been granted in accordance with the requirements of (g)(i) of this subsection, at which a release of dangerous waste has occurred from the primary tank system and has migrated beyond the zone of engineering control (as established in the variance), must:

     (A) Comply with the requirements of subsection (7)(a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section; and

     (B) Prevent the migration of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents to ground water or surface water, if possible, and decontaminate or remove contaminated soil. If contaminated soil cannot be decontaminated or removed or if ground water has been contaminated, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (8)(b) of this section; and

     (C) If repairing, replacing, or reinstalling the tank system, provide secondary containment in accordance with the requirements of (a) through (f) of this subsection or reapply for a variance from secondary containment and meet the requirements for new tank systems in subsection (3) of this section if the tank system is replaced. The owner or operator must comply with these requirements even if contaminated soil can be decontaminated or removed and ground water or surface water has not been contaminated.

     (h) The following procedures must be followed in order to request a variance from secondary containment:

     (i) The department must be notified in writing by the owner or operator that he intends to conduct and submit a demonstration for a variance from secondary containment as allowed in (g) of this subsection according to the following schedule:

     (A) For existing tank systems, at least twenty-four months prior to the date that secondary containment must be provided in accordance with (a) of this subsection.

     (B) For new tank systems, at least thirty days prior to entering into a contract for installation.

     (ii) As part of the notification, the owner or operator must also submit to the department a description of the steps necessary to conduct the demonstration and a timetable for completing each of the steps. The demonstration must address each of the factors listed in (g)(i) or (ii) of this subsection;

     (iii) The demonstration for a variance must be completed within one hundred eighty days after notifying the department of an intent to conduct the demonstration; and

     (iv) If a variance is granted under this subsection, the department will require the permittee to construct and operate the tank system in the manner that was demonstrated to meet the requirements for the variance.

     (i) All tank systems, until such time as secondary containment that meets the requirements of this section is provided, must comply with the following:

     (A) For nonenterable underground tanks, a leak test that meets the requirements of subsection (2)(c)(v) of this section or other tank integrity method, as approved or required by the department, must be conducted at least annually.

     (B) For other than nonenterable underground tanks, the owner or operator must either conduct a leak test as in (i)(A) of this subsection or develop a schedule and procedure for an assessment of the overall condition of the tank system by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer. The schedule and procedure must be adequate to detect obvious cracks, leaks, and corrosion or erosion that may lead to cracks and leaks. The owner or operator must remove the stored waste from the tank, if necessary, to allow the condition of all internal tank surfaces to be assessed. The frequency of these assessments must be based on the material of construction of the tank and its ancillary equipment, the age of the system, the type of corrosion or erosion protection used, the rate of corrosion or erosion observed during the previous inspection, and the characteristics of the waste being stored or treated.

     (C) For ancillary equipment, a leak test or other integrity assessment as approved by the department must be conducted at least annually.

Note:

((The practices described in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication Guide for Inspection of Refinery Equipment, Chapter XIII, "Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks," 4th edition, 1981,)) Three publications may be used, where applicable, as guidelines for assessing the overall condition of the tank system: Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, API Standard 653, Addendum 4 issued in December 1999; Guidance for Assessing and Certifying Tank Systems that Store and Treat Dangerous Waste, Ecology Publication No. 94-114; and Steel Tank Institute publication #SP001-00 Standard for Inspection of In-Service Shop Fabricated Aboveground Tanks for Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids copyright 2000.

     (D) The owner or operator must maintain on file at the facility a record of the results of the assessments conducted in accordance with (h)(iv)(A) through (C) of this subsection.

     (E) If a tank system or component is found to be leaking or unfit for use as a result of the leak test or assessment in (h)(iv)(A) through (C) of this subsection, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section.

     (5) General operating requirements.

     (a) Dangerous wastes or treatment reagents must not be placed in a tank system if they could cause the tank, its ancillary equipment, or the containment system to rupture, leak, corrode, or otherwise fail.

     (b) The owner or operator must use appropriate controls and practices to prevent spills and overflows from tank or containment systems. These include at a minimum:

     (i) Spill prevention controls (e.g., check valves, dry disconnect couplings);

     (ii) Overfill prevention controls (e.g., level sensing devices, high level alarms, automatic feed cutoff, or bypass to a standby tank); and

     (iii) Maintenance of sufficient freeboard in uncovered tanks to prevent overtopping by wave or wind action or by precipitation.

     (c) The owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section if a leak or spill occurs in the tank system.

     (d) All tank systems holding dangerous waste must be marked with labels or signs to identify the waste contained in the tank. The label or sign must be legible at a distance of at least fifty feet, and must bear a legend which identifies the waste in a manner which adequately warns employees, emergency response personnel, and the public of the major risk(s) associated with the waste being stored or treated in the tank system(s). (Note -- If there already is a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate.)

     (e) All tank systems holding dangerous wastes which are acutely or chronically toxic by inhalation must be designed to prevent escape of vapors, fumes, or other emissions into the air.

     (6) Inspections.

     (a) The owner or operator must develop and follow a schedule and procedure for inspecting overfill controls.

     (b) The owner or operator must inspect at least once each operating day:

     (i) Aboveground portions of the tank system, if any, to detect corrosion or releases of waste;

     (ii) Data gathered from monitoring any leak detection equipment (e.g., pressure or temperature gauges, monitoring wells) to ensure that the tank system is being operated according to its design; and

     (iii) The construction materials and the area immediately surrounding the externally accessible portion of the tank system, including the secondary containment system (e.g., dikes) to detect erosion or signs of releases of dangerous waste (e.g., wet spots, dead vegetation).

Note:

WAC 173-303-320 requires the owner or operator to remedy any deterioration or malfunction he finds. Subsection (7) of this section requires the owner or operator to notify the department within twenty-four hours of confirming a leak. Also, 40 CFR Part 302 may require the owner or operator to notify the National Response Center of a release.

     (c) The owner or operator must inspect cathodic protection systems, if present, according to, at a minimum, the following schedule to ensure that they are functioning properly:

     (i) The proper operation of the cathodic protection system must be confirmed within six months after initial installation and annually thereafter; and

     (ii) All sources of impressed current must be inspected and/or tested, as appropriate, at least bimonthly (i.e., every other month).

Note:

The practices described in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) standard, "Recommended Practice (RP-02-85) -- Control of External Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems," and the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1632, "Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems," may be used, where applicable, as guidelines in maintaining and inspecting cathodic protection systems.

     (d) The owner or operator must document in the operating record of the facility an inspection of those items in (a) through (c) of this subsection. The owner or operator must keep an inspection log including at least the date and time of the inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a notation of the observations made and the date and nature of any repairs or remedial actions taken. The log must be kept at the facility for at least five years from the date of inspection.

     (7) Response to leaks or spills and disposition of leaking or unfit-for-use tank systems.

     A tank system or secondary containment system from which there has been a leak or spill, or which is unfit for use, must be removed from service immediately, and the owner or operator must satisfy the following requirements:

     (a) Cessation of use; prevent flow or addition of wastes. The owner or operator must immediately stop the flow of dangerous waste into the tank system or secondary containment system and inspect the system to determine the cause of the release.

     (b) Removal of waste from tank system or secondary containment system.

     (i) If the release was from the tank system, the owner/operator must, within twenty-four hours after detection of the leak or, if the owner/operator demonstrates that it is not possible, at the earliest practicable time, remove as much of the waste as is necessary to prevent further release of dangerous waste to the environment and to allow inspection and repair of the tank system to be performed.

     (ii) If the material released was to a secondary containment system, all released materials must be removed within twenty-four hours or in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent harm to human health and the environment.

     (c) Containment of visible releases to the environment. The owner/operator must immediately conduct a visual inspection of the release and, based upon that inspection:

     (i) Prevent further migration of the leak or spill to soils or surface water; and

     (ii) Remove, and properly dispose of, any visible contamination of the soil or surface water.

     (d) Notifications, reports.

     (i) Any release to the environment((, except as provided in (d)(ii) of this subsection,)) must be reported to the department ((within twenty-four hours of its detection)) and other authorities immediately in accordance with WAC 173-303-145. Any release above the "reportable quantity" must also be reported to the National Response Center pursuant to 40 CFR Part 302.

     (ii) ((A leak or spill of dangerous waste is exempted from the requirements of (d) of this subsection if it is:

     (A) Less than or equal to a quantity of one pound, or the "Reportable Quantity" (RQ) established in 40 CFR Part 302, whichever is less; and

     (B) Immediately contained and cleaned-up.

     (iii))) Within thirty days (or fifteen days if classified as an emergency) of detection of a release to the environment, a report containing the following information must be submitted to the department:

     (A) Likely route of migration of the release;

     (B) Characteristics of the surrounding soil (soil composition, geology, hydrogeology, climate);

     (C) Results of any monitoring or sampling conducted in connection with the release (if available). If sampling or monitoring data relating to the release are not available within thirty days, these data must be submitted to the department as soon as they become available;

     (D) Proximity to downgradient drinking water, surface water, and populated areas; and

     (E) Description of response actions taken or planned.

     (F) In the event of an emergency, additional information as required by WAC 173-303-360.

     (e) Provision of secondary containment, repair, or closure.

     (i) Unless the owner/operator satisfies the requirements of (e)(ii) through (iv) of this subsection, the tank system must be closed in accordance with subsection (8) of this section.

     (ii) If the cause of the release was a spill that has not damaged the integrity of the system, the owner/operator may return the system to service as soon as the released waste is removed and repairs, if necessary, are made.

     (iii) If the cause of the release was a leak from the primary tank system into the secondary containment system, the system must be repaired prior to returning the tank system to service.

     (iv) If the source of the release was a leak to the environment from a component of a tank system without secondary containment, the owner/operator must provide the component of the system from which the leak occurred with secondary containment that satisfies the requirements of subsection (4) of this section before it can be returned to service, unless the source of the leak is an aboveground portion of a tank system that can be inspected visually. If the source is an aboveground component that can be inspected visually, the component must be repaired and may be returned to service without secondary containment as long as the requirements of (f) of this subsection are satisfied. If a component is replaced to comply with the requirements of this subitem, that component must satisfy the requirements for new tank systems or components in subsections (3) and (4) of this section. Additionally, if a leak has occurred in any portion of a tank system component that is not readily accessible for visual inspection (e.g., the bottom of an inground or onground tank), the entire component must be provided with secondary containment in accordance with subsection (4) of this section prior to being returned to use.

     (f) Certification of major repairs. If the owner/operator has repaired a tank system in accordance with (e) of this subsection, and the repair has been extensive (e.g., installation of an internal liner; repair of a ruptured primary containment or secondary containment vessel), the tank system must not be returned to service unless the owner/operator has obtained a certification by an independent, qualified, registered, professional engineer in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a) that the repaired system is capable of handling dangerous wastes without release for the intended life of the system. This certification must be submitted to the department within seven days after returning the tank system to use.

Note:

See WAC 173-303-320 for the requirements necessary to remedy a failure. Also, 40 CFR Part 302 may require the owner or operator to notify the National Response Center of certain releases.

     (8) Closure and post-closure care.

     (a) At closure of a tank system, the owner or operator must remove or decontaminate all waste residues, contaminated containment system components (liners, etc.), contaminated soils, and structures and equipment contaminated with waste, and manage them as dangerous waste, unless WAC 173-303-070 (2)(a) applies. The closure plan, closure activities, cost estimates for closure, and financial responsibility for tank systems must meet all of the requirements specified in WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620.

     (b) If the owner or operator demonstrates that not all contaminated soils can be practicably removed or decontaminated as required in (a) of this subsection, then the owner or operator must close the tank system and perform post-closure care in accordance with the closure and post-closure care requirements that apply to landfills (see WAC 173-303-665(6)). In addition, for the purposes of closure, post-closure, and financial responsibility, such a tank system is then considered to be a landfill, and the owner or operator must meet all of the requirements for landfills specified in WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620.

     (c) If an owner or operator has a tank system that does not have secondary containment that meets the requirements of subsection (4)(b) through (f) of this section and is not exempt from the secondary containment requirements in accordance with subsection (4)(g) of this section, then:

     (i) The closure plan for the tank system must include both a plan for complying with (a) of this subsection and a contingent plan for complying with (b) of this subsection.

     (ii) A contingent post-closure plan for complying with (b) of this subsection must be prepared and submitted as part of the permit application.

     (iii) The cost estimates calculated for closure and post-closure care must reflect the costs of complying with the contingent closure plan and the contingent post-closure plan, if those costs are greater than the costs of complying with the closure plan prepared for the expected closure under (a) of this subsection.

     (iv) Financial assurance must be based on the cost estimates in (c)(iii) of this subsection.

     (v) For the purposes of the contingent closure and post-closure plans, such a tank system is considered to be a landfill, and the contingent plans must meet all of the closure, post-closure, and financial responsibility requirements for landfills under this chapter (WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620).

     (9) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive wastes.

     (a) Ignitable or reactive waste must not be placed in tank systems unless:

     (i) The waste is treated, rendered, or mixed before or immediately after placement in the tank system so that the resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090, and 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with; or

     (ii) The waste is stored or treated in such a way that it is protected from any material or conditions which may cause the waste to ignite or react; or

     (iii) The tank system is used solely for emergencies.

     (b) The owner or operator of a facility which treats or stores ignitable or reactive waste in tanks must locate the tanks in a manner equivalent to the National Fire Protection Association's buffer zone requirements for tanks, contained in Tables 2-1 through 2-6 of the NFPA-30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code -1981, or as required by state and local fire codes when such codes are more stringent. The owner or operator must also comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-395 (1)(d).

     (10) Special requirements for incompatible wastes.

     (a) Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials, must not be placed in the same tank system, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with.

     (b) Dangerous waste must not be placed in a tank system that has not been decontaminated and that previously held an incompatible waste or material, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with.

     (11) Air emission standards. The owner or operator must manage all hazardous waste placed in a tank in accordance with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Subparts AA, BB, and CC, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-690 through 173-303-692.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-640, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-640, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-640, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-640, filed 1/4/89; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-640, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-640, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-640, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.]

     (a)(i) Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, the regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, or dispose of dangerous waste. The owner or operator must satisfy the requirements identified in (a)(ii) of this subsection for all wastes (or constituents thereof) contained in solid waste management units at the facility, regardless of the time at which waste was placed in such units.

     (ii) All solid waste management units must comply with the requirements in WAC ((173-303-646(2))) 173-303-64620. Regulated units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) must comply with the requirements of subsections (2) through (12) of this section, in lieu of WAC ((173-303-646(2))) 173-303-64620, for purposes of detecting, characterizing, and responding to releases to the uppermost aquifer. The corrective action financial responsibility requirements of WAC ((173-303-646(2))) 173-303-64620 apply to corrective action regulated units.

     (b) The owner or operator's regulated unit or units are not subject to regulation for releases into the uppermost aquifer under this section if:

     (i) The owner or operator is exempted under WAC 173-303-600; or

     (ii) He operates a unit which the department finds:

     (A) Is an engineered structure;

     (B) Does not receive or contain liquid waste or waste containing free liquids;

     (C) Is designed and operated to exclude liquid, precipitation, and other run-on and runoff;

     (D) Has both inner and outer layers of containment enclosing the waste;

     (E) Has a leak detection system built into each containment layer;

     (F) The owner or operator will provide continuing operation and maintenance of these leak detection systems during the active life of the unit and the closure and post-closure care periods; and

     (G) To a reasonable degree of certainty, will not allow dangerous constituents to migrate beyond the outer containment layer prior to the end of the post-closure care period.

     (iii) The department finds, pursuant to WAC 173-303-655 (8)(d), that the treatment zone of a land treatment unit does not contain levels of dangerous constituents that are above background levels of those constituents by an amount that is statistically significant, and if an unsaturated zone monitoring program meeting the requirements of WAC 173-303-655(6) has not shown a statistically significant increase in dangerous constituents below the treatment zone during the operating life of the unit. An exemption under this subsection can only relieve an owner or operator of responsibility to meet the requirements of this section during the post-closure care period; or

     (iv) The department finds that there is no potential for migration of liquid from a regulated unit to the uppermost aquifer during the active life of the regulated unit (including the closure period) and the post-closure care period. This demonstration must be certified by a qualified geologist or geotechnical engineer. In order to provide an adequate margin of safety in the prediction of potential migration of liquid, the owner or operator must base any predictions made under this subsection on assumptions that maximize the rate of liquid migration.

     (c) The regulations under this section apply during the active life of the regulated unit (including the closure period). After closure of the regulated unit, the regulations in this section:

     (i) Do not apply if all waste, waste residues, contaminated containment system components, and contaminated subsoils are removed or decontaminated at closure in accordance with the removal or decontamination limits specified in WAC 173-303-610 (2)(b);

     (ii) Apply during the post-closure care period if the owner or operator is conducting a detection monitoring program under subsection (9) of this section; and

     (iii) Apply during the compliance period under subsection (7) of this section, if the owner or operator is conducting a compliance monitoring program under subsection (10) of this section, or a corrective action program under subsection (11) of this section.

     (d) Regulations in this section may apply to miscellaneous units when necessary to comply with WAC 173-303-680 (2) through (4).

     (e) The director may, in an enforceable document, replace all or part of the requirements of this section with alternative requirements for ground water monitoring and corrective action when he or she determines:

     (i) A dangerous waste unit is situated among other solid waste management units or areas of concern, a release has occurred, and both the dangerous waste unit and one or more of the solid waste management units or areas of concern are likely to have contributed to the release; and

     (ii) It is not necessary to apply the requirements of this section because the alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment.

     (2) Required programs.

     (a) Owners and operators subject to this section must conduct a monitoring and response program as follows:

     (i) Whenever dangerous constituents under subsection (4) of this section, from a regulated unit are detected at the compliance point under subsection (6) of this section, the owner or operator must institute a compliance monitoring program under subsection (10) of this section. Detected is defined as statistically significant evidence of contamination as described in subsection (9)(f) of this section;

     (ii) Whenever the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section, is exceeded, the owner or operator must institute a corrective action program under subsection (11) of this section. Exceeded is defined as statistically significant evidence of increased contamination as described in subsection (10)(h) of this section. Exceeded is defined as statistically significant evidence of contamination as described in WAC 173-303-645 (10)(d);

     (iii) Whenever dangerous constituents under subsection (4) of this section, from a regulated unit exceed concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, in ground water between the compliance point under subsection (6) of this section and the downgradient facility property boundary, the owner or operator must institute a corrective action program under subsection (11) of this section; and

     (iv) In all other cases, the owner or operator must institute a detection monitoring program under subsection (9) of this section.

     (b) The department will specify in the facility permit the specific elements of the monitoring and response program. The department may include one or more of the programs identified in (a) of this subsection, in the facility permit as may be necessary to protect human health and the environment and will specify the circumstances under which each of the programs will be required. In deciding whether to require the owner or operator to be prepared to institute a particular program, the department will consider the potential adverse effects on human health and the environment that might occur before final administrative action on a permit modification application to incorporate such a program could be taken.

     (3) Ground water protection standard. The owner or operator must comply with conditions specified in the facility permit that are designed to ensure that dangerous constituents under subsection (4) of this section, detected in the ground water from a regulated unit do not exceed the concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, in the uppermost aquifer underlying the waste management area beyond the point of compliance under subsection (6) of this section, during the compliance period under subsection (7) of this section. To the extent practical, the department will establish this ground water protection standard in the facility permit at the time the permit is issued. If the department determines that an established standard is not protective enough, or if the department decides that it is not practical to establish standards at the time of permit issuance, the department will establish the ground water protection standard in the facility permit when dangerous constituents have been detected in the ground water from a regulated unit.

     (4) Dangerous constituents.

     (a) The department will specify in the facility permit the dangerous constituents to which the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, applies. Dangerous constituents are constituents identified in 40 CFR Part 264 Appendix IX, which is adopted by reference (this list is available from the department), and any other constituents not listed there which have caused a waste to be regulated under this chapter, that may be or have been detected in ground water in the uppermost aquifer underlying a regulated unit and that are reasonably expected to be in or derived from waste contained in a regulated unit, unless the department has excluded them under (b) of this subsection.

     The department may also specify in the permit indicator parameters (e.g., specific conductance, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total organic halogen (TOX), or heavy metals), waste constituents or reaction products as identified in the detection monitoring program under subsection (9)(a) of this section, that provide a reliable indication of the presence of dangerous constituents in the ground water.

     (b) The department will exclude a 40 CFR Part 264 Appendix IX, or other identified constituent from the list of dangerous constituents specified in the facility permit if it finds that the constituent is not capable of posing a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment. In deciding whether to grant an exemption, the department will consider the following:

     (i) Potential adverse effects on ground water quality, considering:

     (A) The physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the regulated unit, including its potential for migration;

     (B) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land;

     (C) The quantity of ground water and the direction of ground water flow;

     (D) The proximity and withdrawal rates of ground water users;

     (E) The current and future uses of ground water in the area;

     (F) The existing quality of ground water, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the ground water quality;

     (G) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents;

     (H) The potential damage to wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents; and

     (I) The persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects;

     (ii) Potential adverse effects on hydraulically-connected surface water quality, considering:

     (A) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the regulated unit;

     (B) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land;

     (C) The quantity and quality of ground water, and the direction of ground water flow;

     (D) The patterns of rainfall in the region;

     (E) The proximity of the regulated unit to surface waters;

     (F) The current and future uses of surface waters in the area and any water quality standards established for those surface waters;

     (G) The existing quality of surface water, including other sources of contamination and the cumulative impact on surface water quality;

     (H) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents;

     (I) The potential damage to wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents; and

     (J) The persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects; and

     (iii) Any identification of underground sources of drinking water and exempted aquifers made pursuant to chapter 90.48 RCW, chapter 270, Laws of 1983, and other applicable state laws and regulations.

     (5) Concentration limits.

     (a) The department will specify in the facility permit concentration limits in the ground water for dangerous constituents established under subsection (4) of this section. The concentration of a dangerous constituent:

     (i) Must not exceed the background level of that constituent in the ground water at the time that limit is specified in the permit; or

     (ii) For any of the constituents listed in Table 1 of this subsection, must not exceed the respective value given in that table if the background level of the constituent is below the value given in Table 1; or

     (iii) Must not exceed an alternate limit established by the department under (b) of this subsection.

Table 1.
Maximum Concentration of Constituents
for Ground Water Protection

     (6) Point of compliance.

     (a) The department will specify in the facility permit the point of compliance at which the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, applies and at which monitoring must be conducted. The point of compliance is a vertical surface located at the hydraulically downgradient limit of the waste management area that extends down into the uppermost aquifer underlying the regulated units. Alternatively, the point of compliance may be any closer points identified by the department at the time the permit is issued, considering the risks of the facility, the wastes and constituents managed there, the potential for waste constituents to have already migrated past the alternate compliance point, and the potential threats to ground and surface waters.

     (b) The waste management area is the limit projected in the horizontal plane of the area on which waste will be placed during the active life of a regulated unit. The waste management area includes horizontal space taken up by any liner, dike, or other barrier designed to contain waste in a regulated unit. If the facility contains more than one regulated unit, the waste management area is described by an imaginary line circumscribing the several regulated units.

     (7) Compliance period.

     (a) The department will specify in the facility permit the compliance period during which the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section applies. The compliance period is the number of years equal to the active life of the waste management area (including any waste management activity prior to permitting, and the closure period).

     (b) The compliance period begins when the owner or operator initiates a compliance monitoring program meeting the requirements of subsection (10) of this section.

     (c) If the owner or operator is engaged in a corrective action program at the end of the compliance period specified in (a) of this subsection, the compliance period is extended until the owner or operator can demonstrate that the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, has not been exceeded for a period of three consecutive years.

     (8) General ground water monitoring requirements.

     The owner or operator must comply with the requirements of this subsection for any ground water monitoring program developed to satisfy subsections (9), (10), or (11) of this section.

     (a) The ground water monitoring system must consist of a sufficient number of wells, installed at appropriate locations and depths to yield ground water samples from the uppermost aquifer that:

     (i) Represent the quality of background water that has not been affected by leakage from a regulated unit;

     (A) A determination of background quality may include sampling of wells that are not hydraulically upgradient of the waste management area where:

     (I) Hydrogeologic conditions do not allow the owner or operator to determine what wells are hydraulically upgradient; and

     (II) Sampling at other wells will provide an indication of background ground water quality that is representative or more representative than that provided by the upgradient wells; and

     (ii) Represent the quality of ground water passing the point of compliance.

     (iii) Allow for the detection of contamination when dangerous waste or dangerous constituents have migrated from the waste management area to the uppermost aquifer.

     (b) If a facility contains more than one regulated unit, separate ground water monitoring systems are not required for each regulated unit, provided that provisions for sampling the ground water in the uppermost aquifer will enable detection and measurement at the compliance point of dangerous constituents from the regulated units that have entered the ground water in the uppermost aquifer.

     (c) All monitoring wells must be cased in a manner that maintains the integrity of the monitoring well bore hole. This casing must allow collection of representative ground water samples. Wells must be constructed in such a manner as to prevent contamination of the samples, the sampled strata, and between aquifers and water bearing strata. Wells must meet the requirements set forth in Parts 1 and 3 of chapter 173-160 WAC, "Minimum standards for construction and maintenance of wells."

     (d) The ground water monitoring program must include at a minimum, procedures and techniques for:

     (i) Decontamination of drilling and sampling equipment;

     (ii) Sample collection;

     (iii) Sample preservation and shipment;

     (iv) Analytical procedures and quality assurance; and

     (v) Chain of custody control.

     (e) The ground water monitoring program must include consistent sampling and analytical methods that ensure reliable ground water sampling, accurately measure dangerous constituents and indicator parameters in ground water samples, and provide a reliable indication of ground water quality below the waste management area.

     (f) The ground water monitoring program must include a determination of the ground water surface elevation each time ground water is sampled.

     (g) In detection monitoring or where appropriate in compliance monitoring, data on each dangerous constituent specified in the permit will be collected from background wells and wells at the compliance point(s). The number and kinds of samples collected to establish background must be appropriate for the form of statistical test employed, following generally accepted statistical principles. The sample size must be as large as necessary to ensure with reasonable confidence that a contaminant release to ground water from a facility will be detected. The owner or operator will determine an appropriate sampling procedure and interval for each hazardous constituent listed in the facility permit which will be specified in the unit permit upon approval by the department. This sampling procedure will be:

     (i) A sequence of at least four samples, taken at an interval that assures, to the greatest extent technically feasible, that an independent sample is obtained, by reference to the uppermost aquifer's effective porosity, hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient, and the fate and transport characteristics of the potential contaminants; or

     (ii) An alternate sampling procedure proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department.

     (h) The owner or operator will specify one of the following statistical methods to be used in evaluating ground water monitoring data for each hazardous constituent which, upon approval by the department, will be specified in the unit permit. The statistical test chosen must be conducted separately for each dangerous constituent in each well. Where practical quantification limits (pql's) are used in any of the following statistical procedures to comply with (i)(v) of this subsection, the pql must be proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department. Use of any of the following statistical methods must be protective of human health and the environment and must comply with the performance standards outlined in (i) of this subsection.

     (i) A parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons procedures to identify statistically significant evidence of contamination. The method must include estimation and testing of the contrasts between each compliance well's mean and the background mean levels for each constituent.

     (ii) An analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on ranks followed by multiple comparisons procedures to identify statistically significant evidence of contamination. The method must include estimation and testing of the contrasts between each compliance well's median and the background median levels for each constituent.

     (iii) A tolerance or prediction interval procedure in which an interval for each constituent is established from the distribution of the background data, and the level of each constituent in each compliance well is compared to the upper tolerance or prediction limit.

     (iv) A control chart approach that gives control limits for each constituent.

     (v) Another statistical test method submitted by the owner or operator and approved by the department.

     (i) Any statistical method chosen under (h) of this subsection for specification in the unit permit must comply with the following performance standards, as appropriate:

     (i) The statistical method used to evaluate ground water monitoring data must be appropriate for the distribution of chemical parameters or dangerous constituents. If the distribution of the chemical parameters or dangerous constituents is shown by the owner or operator to be inappropriate for a normal theory test, then the data should be transformed or a distribution-free theory test should be used. If the distributions for the constituents differ, more than one statistical method may be needed.

     (ii) If an individual well comparison procedure is used to compare an individual compliance well constituent concentration with background constituent concentrations or a ground water protection standard, the test must be done at a Type I error level no less than 0.01 for each testing period. If a multiple comparisons procedure is used, the Type I experiment wise error rate for each testing period must be no less than 0.05; however, the Type I error of no less than 0.01 for individual well comparisons must be maintained. This performance standard does not apply to tolerance intervals, prediction intervals, or control charts.

     (iii) If a control chart approach is used to evaluate ground water monitoring data, the specific type of control chart and its associated parameter values must be proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department if it finds it to be protective of human health and the environment.

     (iv) If a tolerance interval or a prediction interval is used to evaluate ground water monitoring data, the levels of confidence and, for tolerance intervals, the percentage of the population that the interval must contain, must be proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department if it finds these parameters to be protective of human health and the environment. These parameters will be determined after considering the number of samples in the background data base, the data distribution, and the range of the concentration values for each constituent of concern.

     (v) The statistical method must account for data below the limit of detection with one or more statistical procedures that are protective of human health and the environment. Any practical quantification limit (pql) approved by the department under (h) of this subsection that is used in the statistical method must be the lowest concentration level that can be reliably achieved within specified limits of precision and accuracy during routine laboratory operating conditions that are available to the facility.

     (vi) If necessary, the statistical method must include procedures to control or correct for seasonal and spatial variability as well as temporal correlation in the data.

     (j) Ground water monitoring data collected in accordance with (g) of this subsection including actual levels of constituents must be maintained in the facility operating record. The department will specify in the permit when the data must be submitted for review.

     (9) Detection monitoring program. An owner or operator required to establish a detection monitoring program under this subsection must, at a minimum, discharge the responsibilities described in this subsection.

     (a) The owner or operator must monitor for indicator parameters (e.g., pH, specific conductance, total organic carbon (TOC), total organic halogen (TOX), or heavy metals), waste constituents, or reaction products that provide a reliable indication of the presence of dangerous constituents in ground water. The department will specify the parameters or constituents to be monitored in the facility permit, after considering the following factors:

     (i) The types, quantities, and concentrations of constituents in wastes managed at the regulated unit;

     (ii) The mobility, stability, and persistence of waste constituents or their reaction products in the unsaturated zone beneath the waste management area;

     (iii) The detectability of indicator parameters, waste constituents, and reaction products in ground water; and

     (iv) The concentrations or values and coefficients of variation of proposed monitoring parameters or constituents in the ground water background.

     (b) The owner or operator must install a ground water monitoring system at the compliance point, as specified under subsection (6) of this section. The ground water monitoring system must comply with subsection (8)(a)(ii), (b), and (c) of this section.

     (c) The owner or operator must conduct a ground water monitoring program for each chemical parameter and dangerous constituent specified in the permit pursuant to (a) of this subsection in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section. The owner or operator must maintain a record of ground water analytical data as measured and in a form necessary for the determination of statistical significance under subsection (8)(h) of this section.

     (d) The department will specify the frequencies for collecting samples and conducting statistical tests to determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of contamination for any parameter or dangerous constituent specified in the permit under (a) of this subsection in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section. A sequence of at least four samples from each well (background and compliance wells) must be collected at least semiannually during detection monitoring.

     (e) The owner or operator must determine the ground water flow rate and direction in the uppermost aquifer at least annually.

     (f) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of contamination for any chemical parameter of dangerous constituent specified in the permit pursuant to (a) of this subsection at a frequency specified under (d) of this subsection.

     (i) In determining whether statistically significant evidence of contamination exists, the owner or operator must use the method(s) specified in the permit under subsection (8)(h) of this section. These method(s) must compare data collected at the compliance point(s) to the background ground water quality data.

     (ii) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of contamination at each monitoring well as the compliance point within a reasonable period of time after completion of sampling. The department will specify in the facility permit what period of time is reasonable after considering the complexity of the statistical test and the availability of laboratory facilities to perform the analysis of ground water samples.

     (g) If the owner or operator determines pursuant to (f) of this subsection that there is statistically significant evidence of contamination for chemical parameters or dangerous constituents specified pursuant to (a) of this subsection at any monitoring well at the compliance point, he or she must:

     (i) Notify the department of this finding in writing within seven days. The notification must indicate what chemical parameters or dangerous constituents have shown statistically significant evidence of contamination:

     (ii) Immediately sample the ground water in all monitoring wells and determine whether constituents in the list of Appendix IX of 40 CFR Part 264 (which is adopted by reference) are present, and if so, in what concentration.

     (iii) For any Appendix IX compounds found in the analysis pursuant to (g)(ii) of this subsection, the owner or operator may resample within one month and repeat the analysis for those compounds detected. If the results of the second analysis confirm the initial results, then these constituents will form the basis for compliance monitoring. If the owner or operator does not resample for the compounds found pursuant to (g)(ii) of this subsection, the dangerous constituents found during this initial Appendix IX analysis will form the basis for compliance monitoring.

     (iv) Within ninety days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to establish a compliance monitoring program meeting the requirements of subsection (10) of this section. The application must include the following information:

     (A) An identification of the concentration or any Appendix IX constituent detected in the ground water at each monitoring well at the compliance point;

     (B) Any proposed changes to the ground water monitoring system at the facility necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (10) of this section;

     (C) Any proposed additions or changes to the monitoring frequency, sampling and analysis procedures or methods, or statistical methods used at the facility necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (10) of this section;

     (D) For each dangerous constituent detected at the compliance point, a proposed concentration limit under subsection (5)(a)(i) or (ii) of this section, or a notice of intent to seek an alternate concentration limit under subsection (5)(b) of this section; and

     (v) Within one hundred eighty days, submit to the department:

     (A) All data necessary to justify an alternate concentration limit sought under subsection (5)(b) of this section; and

     (B) An engineering feasibility plan for a corrective action program necessary to meet the requirement of subsection (11) of this section unless:

     (I) All dangerous constituents identified under (g)(ii) of this subsection are listed in Table I of subsection (5) of this section and their concentrations do not exceed the respective values given in that Table; or

     (II) The owner or operator has sought an alternate concentration limit under subsection (5)(b) of this section for every dangerous constituent identified under (g)(ii) of this subsection.

     (vi) If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (f) of this subsection, that there is a statistically significant difference for chemical parameters or dangerous constituents specified pursuant to (a) of this subsection at any monitoring well at the compliance point, he or she may demonstrate that a source other than a regulated unit caused the contamination or that the detection is an artifact caused by an error in sampling, analysis, or statistical evaluation or natural variation in the ground water. The owner operator may make a demonstration under this subsection in addition to, or in lieu of, submitting a permit modification application under (g)(iv) of this subsection; however, the owner or operator is not relieved of the requirement to submit a permit modification application within the time specified in (g)(iv) of this subsection unless the demonstration made under this subsection successfully shows that a source other than a regulated unit caused the increase, or that the increase resulted from error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation. In making a demonstration under this subsection, the owner or operator must:

     (A) Notify the department in writing within seven days of determining statistically significant evidence of contamination at the compliance point that he intends to make a demonstration under this subsection;

     (B) Within ninety days, submit a report to the department which demonstrates that a source other than a regulated unit caused the contamination or that the contamination resulted from error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation;

     (C) Within ninety days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the detection monitoring program facility; and

     (D) Continue to monitor in accordance with the detection monitoring program established under this section.

     (h) If the owner or operator determines that the detection monitoring program no longer satisfies the requirements of this section, he or she must, within ninety days, submit an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the program.

     (10) Compliance monitoring program. An owner or operator required to establish a compliance monitoring program under this section must, at a minimum, discharge the responsibilities described in this subsection.

     (a) The owner or operator must monitor the ground water to determine whether regulated units are in compliance with the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section. The department will specify the ground water protection standard in the facility permit, including:

     (i) A list of the dangerous constituents and parameters identified under subsection (4) of this section;

     (ii) Concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section for each of those dangerous constituents and parameters;

     (iii) The compliance point under subsection (6) of this section; and

     (iv) The compliance period under subsection (7) of this section.

     (b) The owner or operator must install a ground water monitoring system at the compliance point as specified under subsection (6) of this section. The ground water monitoring system must comply with subsection (8)(a)(ii), (b), and (c) of this section.

     (c) The department will specify the sampling procedures and statistical methods appropriate for the constituents and the facility, consistent with subsection (8)(g) and (h) of this section.

     (i) The owner or operator must conduct a sampling program for each chemical parameter or dangerous constituent in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section.

     (ii) The owner or operator must record ground water analytical data as measured and in form necessary for the determination of statistical significance under subsection (8)(h) of this section for the compliance period of the facility.

     (d) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of increased contamination for any chemical parameter or dangerous constituent specified in the permit, pursuant to (a) of this subsection, at a frequency specified under (f) of this subsection.

     (i) In determining whether statistically significant evidence of increased contamination exists, the owner or operator must use the method(s) specified in the permit under subsection (8)(h) of this section. The method(s) must compare data collected at the compliance point(s) to a concentration limit developed in accordance with subsection (5) of this section.

     (ii) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of increased contamination at each monitoring well at the compliance point within a reasonable time period after completion of sampling. The department will specify that time period in the facility permit, after considering the complexity of the statistical test and the availability of laboratory facilities to perform the analysis of ground water samples.

     (e) The owner or operator must determine the rate and direction of ground water flow in the uppermost aquifer at least annually.

     (f) The department will specify the frequencies for collecting samples and conducting statistical tests to determine statistically significant evidence of increased contamination in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section. A sequence of at least four samples from each well (background and compliance wells) must be collected at least semiannually during the compliance period of the facility.

     (g) The owner or operator must analyze samples from all monitoring wells at the compliance point for all constituents contained in Appendix IX of Part 264 at least annually to determine whether additional dangerous constituents are present in the uppermost aquifer and, if so, at what concentration, pursuant to procedures in (f) of this subsection. If the owner or operator finds Appendix IX constituents in the ground water that are not already identified in the permit as monitoring constituents, the owner or operator may resample within one month and repeat the Appendix IX analysis. If the second analysis confirms the presence of new constituents, the owner or operator must report the concentration of these additional constituents to the department within seven days after the completion of the second analysis and add them to the monitoring list. If the owner or operator chooses not to resample, then he or she must report the concentrations of these additional constituents to the department within seven days after completion of the initial analysis and add them to the monitoring list. If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (d) of this subsection, that any concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section are being exceeded at any monitoring well at the point of compliance, he must:

     (i) Notify the department of this finding in writing within seven days. The notification must indicate what concentration limits have been exceeded;

     (ii) Submit to the department an application for a permit modification to establish a corrective action program meeting the requirements of subsection (11) of this section, within ninety days, or within sixty days if an engineering feasibility study has been previously submitted to the department under subsection (9)(h)(v) of this section. For regulated units managing EHW, time frames of sixty days and forty-five days, respectively will apply. However, if the department finds that the full extent of the ninety/sixty-day or the sixty/forty-five-day time periods will increase the likelihood to cause a threat to public health, or the environment, it can at its discretion reduce their duration. In specifying shorter limits, the department will consider the following factors:

     (A) The physical and chemical characteristics of the dangerous constituents and parameters in the ground water;

     (B) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and of the surrounding land;

     (C) The rate of movement and direction of flow of the affected ground water;

     (D) The proximity to and withdrawal rates of ground water users downgradient; and

     (E) The current and future uses of ground water in the concerned area; and

     (iii) The application must at a minimum include the following information:

     (A) A detailed description of corrective actions that will achieve compliance with the ground water protection standard specified in the permit; and

     (B) A plan for a ground water monitoring program that will demonstrate the effectiveness of the corrective action.

     (h) Reserved.

     (i) If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (d) of this subsection, that the ground water concentration limits under this section are being exceeded at any monitoring well at the point of compliance, he may demonstrate that a source other than a regulated unit caused the contamination or that the detection is an artifact caused by an error in sampling, analysis, or statistical evaluation or natural variation in the ground water. In making a demonstration under this subsection, the owner or operator must:

     (i) Notify the department in writing within seven days that he intends to make a demonstration under this subsection;

     (ii) Within forty-five days, submit a report to the department which demonstrates that a source other than a regulated unit caused the standard to be exceeded or that the apparent noncompliance with the standards resulted from error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation;

     (iii) Within forty-five days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to make appropriate changes to the compliance monitoring program at the facility; and

     (iv) Continue to monitor in accord with the compliance monitoring program established under this section.

     (j) If the owner or operator determines that the compliance monitoring program no longer satisfies the requirements of this section, he must, within forty-five days, submit an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the program.

     (11) Corrective action program. An owner or operator required to establish a corrective action program under this section must, at a minimum, discharge the responsibilities described in this subsection.

     (a) The owner or operator must take corrective action to ensure that regulated units are in compliance with the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section. The department will specify the ground water protection standard in the facility permit, including:

     (i) A list of the dangerous constituents and parameters identified under subsection (4) of this section;

     (ii) Concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, for each of those dangerous constituents and parameters;

     (iii) The compliance point under subsection (6) of this section; and

     (iv) The compliance period under subsection (7) of this section.

     (b) The owner or operator must implement a corrective action program that prevents dangerous constituents and parameters from exceeding their respective concentration limits at the compliance point by removing the dangerous waste constituents and parameters or treating them in place. The permit will specify the specific measures that will be taken.

     (c) The owner or operator must begin corrective action within a reasonable time period after the ground water protection standard is exceeded. The department will specify that time period in the facility permit. If a facility permit includes a corrective action program in addition to a compliance monitoring program, the permit will specify when the corrective action will begin and such a requirement will operate in lieu of subsection (10)(i)(ii) of this section.

     (d) In conjunction with a corrective action program, the owner or operator must establish and implement a ground water monitoring program to demonstrate the effectiveness of the corrective action program. Such a monitoring program may be based on the requirements for a compliance monitoring program under subsection (10) of this section, and must be as effective as that program in determining compliance with the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section, and in determining the success of a corrective action program under (e) of this subsection, where appropriate.

     (e) In addition to the other requirements of this section, the owner or operator must conduct a corrective action program to remove or treat in place any dangerous constituents or parameters under subsection (4) of this section, that exceed concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, in ground water between the compliance point under subsection (6) of this section, and the downgradient facility property boundary; and beyond the facility boundary, where necessary to protect human health and the environment, unless the owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the department that, despite the owner's or operator's best efforts, the owner or operator was unable to obtain the necessary permission to undertake such action. The owner/operator is not relieved of all responsibility to clean up a release that has migrated beyond the facility boundary where off-site access is denied. On-site measures to address such releases will be determined on a case-by-case basis. For a facility seeking or required to have a permit, the corrective action measures to be taken must be specified in the permit.

     (i) Corrective action measures under this subsection must be initiated at the effective date of the modified permit and completed without time delays considering the extent of contamination.

     (ii) Corrective action measures under this subsection may be terminated once the concentration of dangerous constituents and parameters under subsection (4) of this section, is reduced to levels below their respective concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section.

     (f) The owner or operator must continue corrective action measures during the compliance period to the extent necessary to ensure that the ground water protection standard is not exceeded. If the owner or operator is conducting corrective action at the end of the compliance period, he must continue that corrective action for as long as necessary to achieve compliance with the ground water protection standard. The owner or operator may terminate corrective action measures taken beyond the period equal to the active life of the waste management area (including the closure period) if he can demonstrate, based on data from the ground water monitoring program under (d) of this subsection, that the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, has not been exceeded for a period of three consecutive years.

     (g) The owner or operator must report in writing to the department on the effectiveness of the corrective action program. The owner or operator must submit these reports semiannually.

     (h) If the owner or operator determines that the corrective action program no longer satisfies the requirements of this section, he must, within forty-five days, submit an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the program.

     (12) Use of the Model Toxics Control Act.

     (a) The department may require the owner/operator of a facility to fulfill his corrective action responsibilities under WAC 173-303-645 using an enforceable action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act, as amended, (chapter 70.105D RCW) and its implementing regulations.

     (b) Corrective action requirements imposed by an action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act will be in compliance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-645 and the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC to the extent required by RCW 70.105D.030 (2)(d) and WAC 173-340-710.

     (c) In the case of facilities seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of this chapter the department will incorporate corrective action requirements imposed pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act into permits at the time of permit issuance. Such incorporation will in no way affect the timing or scope of review of the Model Toxics Control Act action.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-645, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-645, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-645, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-645, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-645, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-645, filed 1/4/89; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-645, filed 4/18/84.]

		Old citation
WAC 173-303-64610	Purpose and applicability	WAC 173-303-646(1)
WAC 173-303-64620	Requirements	WAC 173-303-646(2)
WAC 173-303-64630	Use of the Model Toxics Control Act	WAC 173-303-646(3)
WAC 173-303-64640	Grandfathered corrective action management units (CAMUs)
WAC 173-303-64650	Corrective action management unit (CAMU)	WAC 173-303-646(4)
WAC 173-303-64660	Designation of a corrective action management unit	WAC 173-303-646(5)
WAC 173-303-64670	Incorporation of a regulated unit within a CAMU	WAC 173-303-646(6)
WAC 173-303-64680	Temporary units (TUs)	WAC 173-303-646(7)
WAC 173-303-64690	Staging piles	WAC 173-303-646(8)
WAC 173-303-646910	Disposal of CAMU-eligible wastes into permitted hazardous waste landfills
WAC 173-303-646920	Disposal of CAMU-eligible wastes into permitted hazardous waste landfills located outside Washington

(((1) Purpose and applicability.

     (a) The provisions of this section establish requirements for corrective action for releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents including releases from solid waste management units.

     (b) The provisions of this section apply to facilities seeking or required to have a permit to treat, store, recycle or dispose of dangerous waste.

     (c) The provisions of this section do not apply to cleanup-only facilities.

     (d) For purposes of this section, dangerous constituent means any constituent identified in WAC 173-303-9905 or 40 CFR Part 264 Appendix IX, any constituent that caused a waste to be listed as a dangerous waste or to exhibit a dangerous characteristic under this chapter or to meet a dangerous waste criteria under this chapter, and any constituent that is within the meaning of "hazardous substance" under RCW 70.105D.020(7).

     (2) Requirements.

     (a) The owner or operator of a facility must institute corrective action as necessary to protect human health and the environment for all releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents, including releases from all solid waste management units at the facility. Corrective action is required regardless of the time at which waste was managed at the facility or placed in such units and regardless of whether such facilities or units were intended for the management of solid or dangerous waste. Assurances of financial responsibility for such corrective action must be provided.

     (b) The owner/operator must implement corrective actions beyond the facility property boundary, where necessary to protect human health and the environment. Additionally, as necessary to protect human health and the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to implement on site measures to address releases which have migrated beyond the facility boundary. Assurances of financial responsibility for such corrective action must be provided.

     (c) In the case of a facility seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of chapter 173-303 WAC, corrective action must be specified in the permit. The permit will contain schedules of compliance for such corrective action (where such corrective action cannot be completed prior to issuance of the permit) and assurances of financial responsibility for completion of such corrective action.

     (d) At a minimum, corrective actions must be consistent with the following requirements of chapter 173-340 WAC.

     (i) As necessary to select a cleanup action consistent with WAC 173-340-360, 173-340-350, state remedial investigation and feasibility study. Information that is adequate to support selection of a cleanup action consistent with WAC 173-340-360 but was developed under a different authority (for example, as part of closure under WAC 173-303-610 or as part of a federally overseen cleanup) may be used.

     (ii) WAC 173-340-360, selection of cleanup actions.

     (iii) WAC 173-340-400, cleanup actions.

     (iv) WAC 173-340-410, compliance monitoring requirements.

     (v) WAC 173-340-420, periodic site reviews.

     (vi) WAC 173-340-440, institutional controls.

     (vii) WAC 173-340-700 through 173-340–760, cleanup standards.

     (3) Use of the Model Toxics Control Act.

     (a) The department may require the owner/operator of a facility to fulfill his corrective action responsibilities under subsection (2) of this section using an enforceable action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act, as amended, (chapter 70.105D RCW) and its implementing regulations.

     (b) Corrective action requirements imposed by the department in an action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act will be in compliance with the requirements of subsection (2) of this section and the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC to the extent required by RCW 70.105D.030 (2)(d) and WAC 173-340-710.

     (c) In the case of facilities seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of this chapter the department will incorporate corrective action requirements imposed pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act into permits at the time of permit issuance. Such incorporation will in no way affect the timing or scope of review of the Model Toxics Control Act action.

     (4) Corrective action management unit (CAMU).

     (a) In accordance with the requirements of this subsection, the director may designate an area at a facility as a corrective action management unit for the purpose of treating, storing or disposing of remediation waste that originates at the same facility in order to implement remedies under this section or to implement other cleanup actions. Placement of dangerous remediation waste into or within a CAMU does not constitute land disposal of dangerous waste. Consolidation or placement of dangerous remediation waste into or within a CAMU does not constitute creation of a unit subject to minimum technology requirements.

     (b) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the department's existing authorities, including authority under chapter 70.105D RCW, to address clean-up levels, media-specific points of compliance, or other remedy selection decisions.

     (c) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the timing or scope of review of any actions taken under the Model Toxics Control Act pursuant to subsection (3) of this section to fulfill the corrective action requirements of subsection (2) of this section or the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-645.

     (5) Designation of a corrective action management unit.

     (a) When designating a CAMU, the director will do so in accordance with subsection (4) of this section, and the following:

     (i) The CAMU will facilitate the implementation of reliable, effective, protective, and cost-effective remedies;

     (ii) Waste management activities associated with the CAMU will not create unacceptable risks to humans or the environment resulting from exposure to dangerous wastes or dangerous constituents;

     (iii) The CAMU will include uncontaminated areas of the facility only if including such areas for the purposes of managing remediation wastes is more protective than management of such wastes at contaminated areas of the facility;

     (iv) Areas within the CAMU where wastes remain in place after closure of the CAMU, will be managed and contained so as to minimize future releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents to the extent practicable;

     (v) When appropriate and practicable, the CAMU will expedite the timing of remedial activity implementation;

     (vi) The CAMU will enable the use, when appropriate, of treatment technologies (including innovative technologies) to enhance the long-term effectiveness of remedial actions by reducing the toxicity, mobility, or volume of wastes that will remain in place after closure of the CAMU; and

     (vii) The CAMU will, to the extent practicable, minimize the land area of the facility upon which wastes will remain in place after closure of the CAMU.

     (b) When designating a CAMU, the director will specify requirements for the CAMU including the following:

     (i) The areal configuration of the CAMU;

     (ii) Requirements for remediation waste management within the CAMU including specification of applicable design, operation, and closure requirements;

     (iii) Requirements for ground water and/or vadose zone monitoring that are sufficient to:

     (A) Continue to detect and to characterize the nature, extent, concentration, direction, and movement of existing releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents in ground water from sources located within the CAMU; and

     (B) Detect and subsequently characterize releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents to ground water that may occur from areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure.

     (iv) Requirements for closure that will minimize the need for further maintenance of the CAMU and will include, as appropriate and deemed necessary by the director, the following:

     (A) Requirements for excavation, removal, treatment, and/or containment of wastes;

     (B) For areas in which wastes will remain after closure of the CAMU, requirements for capping of such areas; and

     (C) Requirements for removal and decontamination of equipment, devices, and structures used in remediation waste management activities within the CAMU.

     (c) In establishing closure requirements for CAMUs under (b)(iv) of this subsection the director will consider the following factors:

     (i) CAMU characteristics;

     (ii) Volume of wastes which will remain in place after CAMU closure;

     (iii) Potential for releases from the CAMU;

     (iv) Physical and chemical characteristics of the waste;

     (v) Hydrological and other relevant environmental conditions at the facility which may influence the migration of any potential or actual releases in and/or from the CAMU; and

     (vi) Potential for exposure of humans and environmental receptors if releases were to occur at or from the CAMU.

     (d) The director will, for areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure, specify post-closure requirements to control, minimize, or eliminate, to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, post-closure escape of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, and dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, to ground waters, to surface waters, and to the atmosphere. Such post-closure requirements will include, as necessary to protect human health and the environment, monitoring and maintenance activities and the frequency with which such activities will be performed to ensure the integrity of any cap, final cover, or other containment system.

     (e) The owner/operator of a facility must provide sufficient information to enable the director to designate a CAMU in accordance with the criteria in subsections (4), (5)(a) through (d), and (6) of this section.

     (f) The director will document the rationale for designating CAMUs and will make such documentation available to the public.

     (g) Incorporation of the designation of and requirements for a CAMU into a existing permit must be approved by the director according to the procedures for agency initiated permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(3), or according to the permit modification procedures of WAC 173-303-830(4).

     (6) Incorporation of a regulated unit within a CAMU.

     (a) The director may designate a regulated unit (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) as a CAMU, or may incorporate a regulated unit into a CAMU, if:

     (i) The regulated unit is closed or closing, meaning it has begun the closure process under WAC 173-303-610 or 173-303-400; and

     (ii) Inclusion of the regulated unit will enhance implementation of effective, protective and reliable remedial actions at the facility.

     (b) The requirements of WAC 173-303-610, 173-303-620, 173-303-645, and the unit specific requirements of WAC 173-303-650 through 173-303-680 that applied to the regulated unit will continue to apply to the portion of the CAMU into which the regulated unit was incorporated.

     (7) Temporary units (TUs).

     (a) In accordance with the requirements of this subsection, the director may designate a tank or container storage area at a facility as a temporary unit for the purpose of treating or storing remediation waste that originates at the same facility in order to implement remedies under this section or to implement other cleanup actions. The director may replace the design, operating and closure standards applicable to dangerous waste tank and container treatment and storage units under this chapter with alternative requirements that protect human health and the environment.

     (b) Any temporary unit to which alternative requirements are applied in accordance with (a) of this subsection will be:

     (i) Located within the facility boundary; and

     (ii) Used only for treatment or storage of remediation wastes managed pursuant to implementation of the corrective action requirements of subsection (2) of this section at the facility.

     (c) In establishing standards to be applied to a temporary unit, the director will consider the following factors:

     (i) Length of time unit will be in operation;

     (ii) Type of unit;

     (iii) Volumes of wastes to be managed;

     (iv) Physical and chemical characteristics of the wastes to be managed in the unit;

     (v) Potential for releases from the unit;

     (vi) Hydrogeological and other relevant environmental conditions at the facility which may influence the migration of any potential releases; and

     (vii) Potential for exposure of humans and environmental receptors if releases were to occur from the unit.

     (d) The director will specify the length of time, not to exceed one year, a temporary unit will be allowed to operate. The director will also specify design, operating, and closure requirements for the temporary unit.

     (e) The director may extend the operating period of a temporary unit for up to one additional year, provided the director determines that:

     (i) Continued operation of the unit will not pose a threat to human health and the environment; and

     (ii) Continued operation of the unit is necessary to ensure timely and efficient implementation of remedial actions at the facility.

     (f) Incorporation of the designation of and requirements for a temporary unit or a time extension for a temporary unit into an existing permit will be:

     (i) Approved in accordance with the procedures for agency-initiated permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(3); or

     (ii) Requested by the owner or operator as a Class II modification according to the procedures under WAC 173-303-830(4).

     (g) The director will document the rationale for designating a temporary unit and for granting time extensions for temporary units and will make such documentation available to the public.

     (8) Staging piles. The requirements for staging piles in 40 CFR Part 264.554 are incorporated by reference. The word "director" in 40 CFR means "department."))

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-646, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-646, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-646, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-646, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94.]

     (2) The provisions of this section apply to facilities seeking or required to have a permit to treat, store, recycle or dispose of dangerous waste.

     (3) The provisions of this section do not apply to cleanup-only facilities.

     (4) For purposes of this section, dangerous constituent means any constituent identified in WAC 173-303-9905 or 40 CFR Part 264 Appendix IX, any constituent that caused a waste to be listed as a dangerous waste or to exhibit a dangerous characteristic under this chapter or to meet a dangerous waste criteria under this chapter, and any constituent that is within the meaning of "hazardous substance" under RCW 70.105D.020(7).

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     (2) The owner/operator must implement corrective actions beyond the facility property boundary, where necessary to protect human health and the environment. Additionally, as necessary to protect human health and the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to implement on site measures to address releases which have migrated beyond the facility boundary. Assurances of financial responsibility for such corrective action must be provided.

     (3) In the case of a facility seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of chapter 173-303 WAC, corrective action must be specified in the permit. The permit will contain schedules of compliance for such corrective action (where such corrective action cannot be completed prior to issuance of the permit) and assurances of financial responsibility for completion of such corrective action.

     (4) At a minimum, corrective actions must be consistent with the following requirements of chapter 173-340 WAC.

     (a) As necessary to select a cleanup action consistent with WAC 173-340-360, 173-340-350, state remedial investigation and feasibility study. Information that is adequate to support selection of a cleanup action consistent with WAC 173-340-360 but was developed under a different authority (for example, as part of closure under WAC 173-303-610 or as part of a federally overseen cleanup) may be used.

     (b) WAC 173-340-360, selection of cleanup actions.

     (c) WAC 173-340-400, implementation of the cleanup action.

     (d) WAC 173-340-410, compliance monitoring requirements.

     (e) WAC 173-340-420, periodic review.

     (f) WAC 173-340-440, institutional controls.

     (g) WAC 173-340-700 through 173-340–760, cleanup standards.

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     (2) Corrective action requirements imposed by the department in an action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act will be in compliance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 and the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC to the extent required by RCW 70.105D.030 (2)(d) and WAC 173-340-710.

     (3) In the case of facilities seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of this chapter the department will incorporate corrective action requirements imposed pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act into permits at the time of permit issuance. Such incorporation will in no way affect the timing or scope of review of the Model Toxics Control Act action.

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     (2) CAMUs that were approved before April 22, 2002, or for which substantially complete applications (or equivalents) were submitted to the department on or before November 20, 2000, are subject to the requirements in WAC 173-303-64640 for grandfathered CAMUs; CAMU waste, activities, and design will not be subject to the standards in WAC 173-303-64650 and 173-303-64660, so long as the waste, activities, and design remain within the general scope of the CAMU as approved.

     (3) In accordance with the requirements of this section and WAC 173-303-64660, the department may designate an area at a facility as a corrective action management unit for the purpose of treating, storing or disposing of CAMU-eligible waste that originates at the same facility in order to implement remedies under this section or to implement other cleanup actions. Corrective action management unit means an area within a facility that is used only for managing CAMU-eligible wastes for implementing corrective action or cleanup at the facility. A CAMU must be located within the contiguous property under the control of the owner or operator where the wastes to be managed in the CAMU originated. One or more CAMUs may be designated at a facility.

     (a) CAMU-eligible waste means:

     (i) All solid and dangerous wastes, and all media (including ground water, surface water, soils, and sediments) and debris, that are managed for implementing cleanup. As-generated wastes (either dangerous or nondangerous) from ongoing industrial operations at a site are not CAMU-eligible wastes.

     (ii) Wastes that would otherwise meet the description in (a)(i) of this subsection are not "CAMU-Eligible Wastes" where:

     (A) The wastes are dangerous wastes found during cleanup in intact or substantially intact containers, tanks, or other nonland-based units found above ground, unless the wastes are first placed in the tanks, containers or nonland-based units as part of cleanup, or the containers or tanks are excavated during the course of cleanup; or

     (B) The department exercises the discretion in (b) of this subsection to prohibit the wastes from management in a CAMU.

     (iii) Notwithstanding (a)(i) of this subsection, where appropriate, as-generated nondangerous waste may be placed in a CAMU where such waste is being used to facilitate treatment or the performance of the CAMU.

     (b) The department may prohibit, where appropriate, the placement of waste in a CAMU where the department has or receives information that such wastes have not been managed in compliance with applicable land disposal treatment standards of 40 CFR part 268, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), or applicable unit design requirements of WAC 173-303-600, or applicable unit design requirements of WAC 173-303-400, or that noncompliance with other applicable requirements of this chapter likely contributed to the release of the waste.

     (c) Prohibition against placing liquids in CAMUs.

     (i) The placement of bulk or noncontainerized liquid dangerous waste or free liquids contained in dangerous waste (whether or not sorbents have been added) in any CAMU is prohibited except where placement of such wastes facilitates the remedy selected for the waste.

     (ii) The requirements in WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(ii) for placement of containers holding free liquids in landfills apply to placement in a CAMU except where placement facilitates the remedy selected for the waste.

     (iii) The placement of any liquid which is not a dangerous waste in a CAMU is prohibited unless such placement facilitates the remedy selected for the waste or a demonstration is made pursuant to WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(v).

     (iv) The absence or presence of free liquids in either a containerized or a bulk waste must be determined in accordance with WAC 173-303-140 (b)(iii). Sorbents used to treat free liquids in CAMUs must meet the requirements of WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(iv).

     (d) Placement of CAMU-eligible waste into or within a CAMU does not constitute land disposal of dangerous waste.

     (e) Consolidation or placement of CAMU-eligible waste into or within a CAMU does not constitute creation of a unit subject to minimum technology requirements.

     (4) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the department's existing authorities, including authority under chapter 70.105D RCW, to address clean-up levels, media-specific points of compliance, or other remedy selection decisions.

     (5) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the timing or scope of review of any actions taken under the Model Toxics Control Act pursuant to WAC 173-303-64630 to fulfill the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 or the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-645.

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     (a) The CAMU will facilitate the implementation of reliable, effective, protective, and cost-effective remedies;

     (b) Waste management activities associated with the CAMU will not create unacceptable risks to humans or the environment resulting from exposure to dangerous wastes or dangerous constituents;

     (c) The CAMU will include uncontaminated areas of the facility only if including such areas for the purposes of managing CAMU-eligible wastes is more protective than management of such wastes at contaminated areas of the facility;

     (d) Areas within the CAMU where wastes remain in place after closure of the CAMU, will be managed and contained so as to minimize future releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents to the extent practicable;

     (e) When appropriate and practicable, the CAMU will expedite the timing of remedial activity implementation;

     (f) The CAMU will enable the use, when appropriate, of treatment technologies (including innovative technologies) to enhance the long-term effectiveness of remedial actions by reducing the toxicity, mobility, or volume of wastes that will remain in place after closure of the CAMU; and

     (g) The CAMU will, to the extent practicable, minimize the land area of the facility upon which wastes will remain in place after closure of the CAMU.

     (2) The owner/operator must provide sufficient information to enable the department to designate a CAMU in accordance with the criteria in this section. This must include, unless not reasonably available, information on:

     (a) The origin of the waste and how it was subsequently managed (including a description of the timing and circumstances surrounding the disposal and/or release);

     (b) Whether the waste was listed or identified as dangerous at the time of disposal and/or release; and

     (c) Whether the disposal and/or release of the waste occurred before or after the land disposal requirements of 40 CFR part 268, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), were in effect for the waste listing or characteristic.

     (3) When designating a CAMU, the department will specify, in the permit or order, requirements for the CAMU including the following:

     (a) The areal configuration of the CAMU;

     (b) Except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, requirements for CAMU-eligible waste management within the CAMU including specification of applicable design, operation, treatment, and closure requirements;

     (c) Minimum design requirements. CAMUs, except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, into which wastes are placed must be designed in accordance with the following:

     (i) Unless the department approves alternate requirements under (c)(ii) of this subsection, CAMUs that consist of new, replacement, or laterally expanded units must include a composite liner and a leachate collection system that is designed and constructed to maintain less than a 30-cm depth of leachate over the liner. For purposes of this subsection, composite liner means a system consisting of two components; the upper component must consist of a minimum 30-mil flexible membrane liner (FML) or geomembrane, and the lower component must consist of at least a two-foot layer of compacted soil with a hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1x10^-7 cm/sec. FML components consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE) must be at least 60 mil thick. The FML component must be installed in direct and uniform contact with the compacted soil component;

     (ii) Alternate requirements. The department may approve alternate requirements if:

     (A) The department finds that alternate design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituents into the ground water or surface water at least as effectively as the liner and leachate collection systems in (c)(i) of this subsection; or

     (B) The CAMU is to be established in an area with existing significant levels of contamination, and the department finds that an alternative design, including a design that does not include a liner, would prevent migration from the unit that would exceed long-term remedial goals.

     (d) Minimum treatment requirements: Unless the wastes will be placed in a CAMU for storage and/or treatment only in accordance with subsection (4) of this section, CAMU-eligible wastes that, absent this subsection, would be subject to the treatment requirements of 40 CFR part 268, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), and that the department determines contain principal hazardous constituents must be treated to the standards specified in (d)(iii) of this subsection.

     (i) Principal hazardous constituents are those constituents that the department determines pose a risk to human health and the environment substantially higher than the cleanup levels or goals at the site.

     (A) In general, the department will designate as principal hazardous constituents:

     (I) Carcinogens that pose a potential direct risk from ingestion or inhalation at the site at or above 10^-3; and

     (II) Noncarcinogens that pose a potential direct risk from ingestion or inhalation at the site an order of magnitude or greater over their reference dose.

     (B) The department will also designate constituents as principal hazardous constituents, where appropriate, when risks to human health and the environment posed by the potential migration of constituents in wastes to ground water are substantially higher than cleanup levels or goals at the site; when making such a designation, the department may consider such factors as constituent concentrations, and fate and transport characteristics under site conditions.

     (C) The department may also designate other constituents as principal hazardous constituents that the department determines pose a risk to human health and the environment substantially higher than the cleanup levels or goals at the site.

     (ii) In determining which constituents are "principal hazardous constituents," the department must consider all constituents which, absent this section, would be subject to the treatment requirements of 40 CFR part 268, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a).

     (iii) Waste that the department determines contains principal hazardous constituents must meet treatment standards determined in accordance with (d)(iv) or (v) of this subsection.

     (iv) Treatment standards for wastes placed in CAMUs.

     (A) For nonmetals, treatment must achieve 90 percent reduction in total principal hazardous constituent concentrations, except as provided by (d)(iv)(C) of this subsection.

     (B) For metals, treatment must achieve 90 percent reduction in principal hazardous constituent concentrations as measured in leachate from the treated waste or media (tested according to the TCLP) or 90 percent reduction in total constituent concentrations (when a metal removal treatment technology is used), except as provided by (d)(iv)(C) of this subsection.

     (C) When treatment of any principal hazardous constituent to a 90 percent reduction standard would result in a concentration less than 10 times the Universal Treatment Standard for that constituent, treatment to achieve constituent concentrations less than 10 times the Universal Treatment Standard is not required. Universal Treatment Standards are identified in 40 CFR 268.48 Table UTS, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a).

     (D) For waste exhibiting the dangerous characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity, the waste must also be treated to eliminate these characteristics.

     (E) For debris, the debris must be treated in accordance with 40 CFR 268.45, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), or by methods or to levels established under (d)(iv)(A) through (D) of this subsection or (d)(v) of this subsection, whichever the department determines is appropriate.

     (F) Alternatives to TCLP. For metal bearing wastes for which metals removal treatment is not used, the department may specify a leaching test other than the TCLP (SW846 Method 1311, WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a)) to measure treatment effectiveness, provided the department determines that an alternative leach testing protocol is appropriate for use, and that the alternative more accurately reflects conditions at the site that affect leaching.

     (v) Adjusted standards. The department may adjust the treatment level or method in (d)(iv) of this subsection to a higher or lower level, based on one or more of the following factors, as appropriate. The adjusted level or method must be protective of human health and the environment:

     (A) The technical impracticability of treatment to the levels or by the methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection;

     (B) The levels or methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection would result in concentrations of principal hazardous constituents (PHCs) that are significantly above or below cleanup standards applicable to the site (established either site-specifically, or promulgated under state or federal law);

     (C) The views of the affected local community on the treatment levels or methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection as applied at the site, and, for treatment levels, the treatment methods necessary to achieve these levels;

     (D) The short-term risks presented by the on-site treatment method necessary to achieve the levels or treatment methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection;

     (E) The long-term protection offered by the engineering design of the CAMU and related engineering controls:

     (I) Where the treatment standards in (d)(iv) of this subsection are substantially met and the principal hazardous constituents in the waste or residuals are of very low mobility; or

     (II) Where cost-effective treatment has been used and the CAMU meets the liner and leachate collection requirements for new land disposal units at WAC 173-303-665 (2)(h) and (j); or

     (III) Where, after review of appropriate treatment technologies, the department determines that cost-effective treatment is not reasonably available, and the CAMU meets the liner and leachate collection requirements for new land disposal units at WAC 173-303-665 (2)(h) and (j); or

     (IV) Where cost-effective treatment has been used and the principal hazardous constituents in the treated wastes are of very low mobility; or

     (V) Where, after review of appropriate treatment technologies, the department determines that cost-effective treatment is not reasonably available, the principal hazardous constituents in the wastes are of very low mobility, and either the CAMU meets or exceeds the liner standards for new, replacement, or laterally expanded CAMUs in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection, or the CAMU provides substantially equivalent or greater protection.

     (vi) The treatment required by the treatment standards must be completed prior to, or within a reasonable time after, placement in the CAMU.

     (vii) For the purpose of determining whether wastes placed in CAMUs have met site-specific treatment standards, the department may, as appropriate, specify a subset of the principal hazardous constituents in the waste as analytical surrogates for determining whether treatment standards have been met for other principal dangerous constituents. This specification will be based on the degree of difficulty of treatment and analysis of constituents with similar treatment properties.

     (e) Except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, requirements for ground water and/or vadose zone monitoring and corrective action that are sufficient to:

     (i) Continue to detect and to characterize the nature, extent, concentration, direction, and movement of existing releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents in ground water from sources located within the CAMU; and

     (ii) Detect and subsequently characterize releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents to ground water that may occur from areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure.

     (iii) Require notification to the department and corrective action as necessary to protect human health and the environment for releases to ground water from the CAMU.

     (f) Except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, requirements for closure will minimize the need for further maintenance.

     (i) Requirements for closure will include, as appropriate and deemed necessary by the department, the following:

     (A) Requirements for excavation, removal, treatment, and/or containment of wastes; and

     (B) Requirements for removal and decontamination of equipment, devices, and structures used in CAMU-eligible waste management activities within the CAMU.

     (ii) In establishing closure requirements for CAMUs under subsection (3) of this section, the department will consider the following factors:

     (A) CAMU characteristics;

     (B) Volume of wastes which will remain in place after CAMU closure;

     (C) Potential for releases from the CAMU;

     (D) Physical and chemical characteristics of the waste;

     (E) Hydrological and other relevant environmental conditions at the facility which may influence the migration of any potential or actual releases in and/or from the CAMU; and

     (F) Potential for exposure of humans and environmental receptors if releases were to occur at or from the CAMU.

     (iii) Cap requirements:

     (A) At final closure of the CAMU, for areas in which wastes will remain after closure of the CAMU, with constituent concentrations at or above remedial levels or goals applicable to the site, the owner or operator must cover the CAMU with a final cover designed and constructed to meet the following performance criteria, except as provided in (f)(iii)(B) of this subsection:

     (I) Provide long-term minimization of migration of liquids through the closed unit;

     (II) Function with minimum maintenance;

     (III) Promote drainage and minimize erosion or abrasion of the cover;

     (IV) Accommodate settling and subsidence so that the cover's integrity is maintained; and

     (V) Have a permeability less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or natural subsoils present.

     (B) The department may determine that modifications to (f)(iii)(A) of this subsection are needed to facilitate treatment or the performance of the CAMU (e.g., to promote biodegradation).

     (iv) The department will, for areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure, specify post-closure requirements to control, minimize, or eliminate, to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, post-closure escape of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, and dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, to ground waters, to surface waters, and to the atmosphere. Such post-closure requirements will include, as necessary to protect human health and the environment, monitoring and maintenance activities and the frequency with which such activities will be performed to ensure the integrity of any cap, final cover, or other containment system.

     (4) CAMUs used for storage and/or treatment only are CAMUs in which wastes will not remain after closure. Such CAMUs must be designated in accordance with all of the requirements of this subsection, except as follows. (Note that staging piles requirements are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-64690.)

     (a) CAMUs that are used for storage and/or treatment only and that operate in accordance with the time limits established in the staging pile regulations at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(iii), (h), and (i) are subject to the requirements for staging piles at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(i) and (ii), § 264.554 (d)(2), § 264.554 (e) and (f), and § 264.554 (j) and (k) in lieu of the performance standards and requirements for CAMUs in this section at subsections (1) and (3)(c) through (f).

     (b) CAMUs that are used for storage and/or treatment only and that do not operate in accordance with the time limits established in the staging pile regulations at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(iii), (h), and (i):

     (i) Must operate in accordance with a time limit, established by the department, that is no longer than necessary to achieve a timely remedy selected for the waste; and

     (ii) Are subject to the requirements for staging piles at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(i) and (ii), 264.554 (d)(2), 264.554 (e) and (f), and 264.554 (j) and (k) in lieu of the performance standards and requirements for CAMUs in this section at subsections (1) and (3)(d) and (f).

     (5) CAMUs into which wastes are placed where all wastes have constituent levels at or below remedial levels or goals applicable to the site do not have to comply with the requirements for liners at subsection (3)(c)(i) of this section, caps at subsection (3)(f)(iii) of this section, ground water monitoring requirements at subsection (3)(e) of this section or, for treatment and/or storage-only CAMUs, the design standards at subsection (4) of this section.

     (6) The department must provide public notice and a reasonable opportunity for public comment before designating a CAMU. Such a notice will include the rationale for any proposed adjustments under subsection (3)(d)(v) of this section to the treatment standards in subsection (3)(d)(iv) of this section.

     (7) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the department may impose additional requirements as necessary to protect human health and the environment.

     (8) Incorporation of the designation of and requirements for a CAMU into a existing permit must be approved by the department according to the procedures for agency initiated permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(3), or according to the permit modification procedures of WAC 173-303-830(4).

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     (a) The regulated unit is closed or closing, meaning it has begun the closure process under WAC 173-303-610 or 173-303-400; and

     (b) Inclusion of the regulated unit will enhance implementation of effective, protective and reliable remedial actions at the facility.

     (2) The requirements of WAC 173-303-610, 173-303-620, 173-303-645, and the unit specific requirements of WAC 173-303-650 through 173-303-680 that applied to the regulated unit will continue to apply to the portion of the CAMU into which the regulated unit was incorporated.

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     (2) Any temporary unit to which alternative requirements are applied in accordance with subsection (1) of this section will be:

     (a) Located within the facility boundary; and

     (b) Used only for treatment or storage of remediation wastes managed pursuant to implementation of the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 at the facility.

     (3) In establishing standards to be applied to a temporary unit, the department will consider the following factors:

     (a) Length of time unit will be in operation;

     (b) Type of unit;

     (c) Volumes of wastes to be managed;

     (d) Physical and chemical characteristics of the wastes to be managed in the unit;

     (e) Potential for releases from the unit;

     (f) Hydrogeological and other relevant environmental conditions at the facility which may influence the migration of any potential releases; and

     (g) Potential for exposure of humans and environmental receptors if releases were to occur from the unit.

     (4) The department will specify the length of time, not to exceed one year, a temporary unit will be allowed to operate. The director will also specify design, operating, and closure requirements for the temporary unit.

     (5) The department may extend the operating period of a temporary unit for up to one additional year, provided the director determines that:

     (a) Continued operation of the unit will not pose a threat to human health and the environment; and

     (b) Continued operation of the unit is necessary to ensure timely and efficient implementation of remedial actions at the facility.

     (6) Incorporation of the designation of and requirements for a temporary unit or a time extension for a temporary unit into an existing permit will be:

     (a) Approved in accordance with the procedures for agency-initiated permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(3); or

     (b) Requested by the owner or operator as a Class II modification according to the procedures under WAC 173-303-830(4).

     (7) The department will document the rationale for designating a temporary unit and for granting time extensions for temporary units and will make such documentation available to the public.

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     (a) The waste meets the definition of CAMU-eligible waste in WAC 173-303-64650 (3)(a) and (b).

     (b) The department identifies principal hazardous constituents in such waste, in accordance with WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(i) and (ii), and requires that such principal hazardous constituents are treated to any of the following standards specified for CAMU-eligible wastes:

     (i) The treatment standards under WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(iv); or

     (ii) Treatment standards adjusted in accordance with WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(v)(A), (C), (D) or (E)(I); or

     (iii) Treatment standards adjusted in accordance with WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(v)(E)(II), where treatment has been used and that treatment significantly reduces the toxicity or mobility of the principal hazardous constituents in the waste, minimizing the short-term and long-term threat posed by the waste, including the threat at the remediation site.

     (c) The landfill receiving the CAMU-eligible waste must have a RCRA hazardous waste permit, meet the requirements for new landfills in WAC 173-303-665, and be authorized to accept CAMU-eligible wastes; for the purposes of this requirement, "permit" does not include interim status.

     (2) The person seeking approval must provide sufficient information to enable the department to approve placement of CAMU-eligible waste in accordance with subsection (1) of this section. Information required by WAC 173-303-64660 (2)(a) through (c) for CAMU applications must be provided, unless not reasonably available.

     (3) The department must provide public notice and a reasonable opportunity for public comment before approving CAMU-eligible waste for placement in an off-site permitted hazardous waste landfill, consistent with the requirements for CAMU approval at WAC 173-303-64660(6). The approval must be specific to a single remediation.

     (4) Applicable dangerous waste management requirements, including recordkeeping requirements to demonstrate compliance with treatment standards approved under this section, for CAMU-eligible waste must be incorporated into the receiving facility permit through permit issuance or a permit modification, providing notice and an opportunity for comment and a hearing. Notwithstanding WAC 173-303-810(8), a landfill may not receive CAMU-eligible waste under this subsection unless its permit specifically authorizes receipt of such waste.

     (5) For each remediation, CAMU-eligible waste may not be placed in an off-site landfill authorized to receive CAMU-eligible waste in accordance with subsection (4) of this section until the following additional conditions have been met:

     (a) The landfill owner/operator notifies the department responsible for oversight of the landfill and persons on the facility mailing list, maintained in accordance with WAC 173-303-840 (3)(e)(i)(D), of his or her intent to receive CAMU-eligible waste in accordance with this section; the notice must identify the source of the remediation waste, the principal hazardous constituents in the waste, and treatment requirements.

     (b) Persons on the facility mailing list may provide comments, including objections to the receipt of the CAMU-eligible waste, to the department within fifteen days of notification.

     (c) The department may object to the placement of the CAMU-eligible waste in the landfill within thirty days of notification; the department may extend the review period an additional thirty days because of public concerns or insufficient information.

     (d) CAMU-eligible wastes may not be placed in the landfill until the department has notified the facility owner/operator that he or she does not object to its placement.

     (e) If the department objects to the placement or does not notify the facility owner/operator that he or she has chosen not to object, the facility may not receive the waste, notwithstanding WAC 173-303-810(8), until the objection has been resolved, or the owner/operator obtains a permit modification in accordance with the procedures of WAC 173-303-830(4) specifically authorizing receipt of the waste.

     (f) As part of the permit issuance or permit modification process of subsection (4) of this section, the department may modify, reduce, or eliminate the notification requirements of this subsection as they apply to specific categories of CAMU-eligible waste, based on minimal risk.

     (6) Generators of CAMU-eligible wastes sent off site to a hazardous waste landfill under this subsection must comply with the requirements of 40 CFR 268.7 (a)(4), which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140(2); off-site facilities treating CAMU-eligible wastes to comply with this section must comply with the requirements of Sec. 268.7 (b)(4), which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140(2), except that the certification must be with respect to the treatment requirements of subsection (1)(b) of this section.

     (7) For the purposes of this subsection only, the "design of the CAMU" in WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(v)(E) means design of the permitted Subtitle C landfill.

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     (a) Except as WAC 173-303-600 provides otherwise, the regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that incinerate dangerous waste and to owners and operators who burn dangerous waste in boilers or industrial furnaces in order to destroy them, or who burn dangerous waste in boilers or in industrial furnaces for any recycling purpose and elect to be regulated under this section.

     (b) Integration of the MACT standards. 40 CFR part 63 subpart EEE is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-400-075 (5)(a). Note that if you are subject to Part 63 you must get an air permit from ecology or the local air authority.

     (i) Except as provided by (b)(ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subsection, the standards of this section no longer apply when an owner or operator demonstrates compliance with the maximum achievable control technology (MACT) requirements of 40 CFR part 63, subpart EEE, by conducting a comprehensive performance test and submitting to the department a Notification of Compliance under 40 CFR 63.1207(j) and 63.1210(b) documenting compliance with the requirements of part 63, subpart EEE. Nevertheless, even after this demonstration of compliance with the MACT standards, dangerous waste permit conditions that were based on the standards of this section will continue to be in effect until they are removed from the permit or the permit is terminated or revoked, unless the permit expressly provides otherwise.

     (ii) The MACT standards do not replace the closure requirements of WAC 173-303-610 or the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-400, 173-303-645, 173-303-610, 173-303-620, 173-303-691, 173-303-692, and 173-303-902.

     (iii) The particulate matter standard of subsection (4)(c)(ii) of this section remains in effect for incinerators that elect to comply with the alternative to the particulate matter standard of 40 CFR 63.1206 (b)(14).

     (iv) The following requirements remain in effect for startup, shutdown, and malfunction events if you elect to comply with 40 CFR 270.235 (a)(1)(i) to minimize emissions of toxic compounds from these events:

     (A) Subsection (6)(a) of this section requiring that an incinerator operate in accordance with operating requirements specified in the permit; and

     (B) Subsection (6)(c) of this section requiring compliance with the emission standards and operating requirements during startup and shutdown if hazardous waste is in the combustion chamber, except for particular hazardous wastes.

     (c) The department may, in establishing permit conditions, exempt the facility from all requirements of this section except subsection (2) of this section, waste analysis, and subsection (8) of this section, closure, if the department finds, after an examination of the waste analysis included with Part B of the owner/operator's permit application, that the waste to be burned:

     (i)(A) Is either listed as a dangerous waste in WAC 173-303-080 only because it is ignitable or, that the waste is designated only as an ignitable dangerous waste under WAC 173-303-090; or

     (B) Is either listed in WAC 173-303-080 or is designated under WAC 173-303-090 solely because it is reactive for the characteristics described in WAC 173-303-090 (7)(a)(i), (ii), (iii), (vi), (vii) and (viii), and will not be burned when other dangerous wastes are present in the combustion zone; and

     (ii) Contains none of the dangerous constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905 above significant concentration limits; and

     (iii) Is not designated by the dangerous waste criteria of WAC 173-303-100.

     (((c))) (d) The owner or operator of an incinerator may conduct trial burns, subject only to the requirements of WAC 173-303-807, trial burn permits.

     (2) Waste analysis.

     (a) As a portion of a trial burn plan required by WAC 173-303-807, or with Part B of his permit application, the owner or operator must have included an analysis of his waste feed sufficient to provide all information required by WAC 173-303-807 or 173-303-806 (3) and (4).

     (b) Throughout normal operation the owner or operator must conduct sufficient waste analysis to verify that waste feed to the incinerator is within the physical and chemical composition limits specified in his permit (under subsection (6)(b) of this section).

     (3) Designation of principal organic dangerous constituents and dangerous combustion byproducts. Principal organic dangerous constituents (PODCs) and dangerous combustion byproducts must be treated to the extent required by the performance standards specified in subsection (4) of this section. For each waste feed to be burned, one or more PODCs and dangerous combustion byproducts will be specified in the facility's permit from among those constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905 and, to the extent practical, from among those constituents which contribute to the toxicity, persistence, or carcinogenicity of wastes designated under WAC 173-303-100. This specification will be based on the degree of difficulty of incineration of the organic constituents of the waste feed and its combustion byproducts and their concentration or mass, considering the results of waste analyses and trial burns or alternative data submitted with Part B of the facility's permit application. Organic constituents or byproducts which represent the greatest degree of difficulty of incineration will be those most likely to be designated as PODCs and dangerous combustion byproducts. Constituents are more likely to be designated as PODCs or dangerous combustion byproducts if they are present in large quantities or concentrations. Trial PODCs will be designated for performance of trial burns in accordance with the procedure specified in WAC 173-303-807 for obtaining trial burn permits. Trial dangerous combustion byproducts may be designated under the same procedures.

     (4) Performance standards. An incinerator burning dangerous waste must be designed, constructed, and maintained so that, when operated in accordance with operating requirements specified under subsection (6) of this section, it will meet the following performance standards:

     (a)(i) Except as provided in (a)(ii) of this subsection, an incinerator burning dangerous waste must achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99 percent for each PODC designated (under subsection (3) of this section) in its permit for each waste feed. DRE is determined for each PODC from the following equation:

     (ii) An incinerator burning dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 must achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999% for each principal organic dangerous constituent (PODCs) designated (under subsection (3) of this section) in its permit. This performance must be demonstrated on PODCs that are more difficult to incinerate than tetra-, penta-, and hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. DRE is determined for each PODCs from the equation in subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section. In addition, the owner or operator of the incinerator must notify the department of his intent to incinerate dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027.

     (b) Incinerators burning dangerous waste must destroy dangerous combustion byproducts designated under subsection (3) of this section so that the total mass emission rate of these byproducts emitted from the stack is no more than .01 percent of the total mass feed rate of PODCs fed into the incinerator.

     (c)(i) An incinerator burning dangerous waste and producing stack emissions of more than 1.8 kilograms per hour (4 pounds per hour) of hydrogen chloride (HCl) must control HCl emissions such that the rate of emission is no greater than the larger of either 1.8 kilograms per hour or one percent of the HCl in the stack gas prior to entering any pollution control equipment.

     (ii) An incinerator burning dangerous waste must not emit particulate matter in excess of 180 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (0.08 grains per dry standard cubic foot) when corrected for the amount of oxygen in the stack gas according to the formula:

     Where Pc is the corrected concentration of particulate matter, Pm is the measured concentration of particulate matter, and Y is the measured concentration of oxygen in the stack gas, using the Orsat method for oxygen analysis of dry flue gas, presented in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A (Method 3). This correction procedure is to be used by all dangerous waste incinerators except those operating under conditions of oxygen enrichment. For these facilities, the department will select an appropriate correction procedure to be specified in the facility permit.

     (d) The emission standards specified in (c) of this subsection must be met when no other more stringent standards exist. Where a state or local air pollution control authority has jurisdiction and has more stringent emission standards, an incinerator burning dangerous wastes must comply with the applicable air pollution control authority's emission standards (including limits based on best available control technology).

     (e) For purposes of permit enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements specified in the permit (under subsection (6) of this section), will be regarded as compliance with subsection (4) of this section. However, evidence that compliance with those permit conditions is insufficient to ensure compliance with the performance requirements of subsection (4) of this section, may be evidence justifying modification, revocation, or reissuance of a permit under WAC 173-303-830.

     (5) Trial burns and permit modifications.

     (a) The owner or operator of a dangerous waste incinerator may burn only wastes specified in his permit and only under operating conditions specified for those wastes under subsection (6) of this section, except:

     (i) In approved trial burns under WAC 173-303-807; or

     (ii) Under exemptions created by WAC 173-303-670(1).

     (b) New dangerous wastes may be burned only after operating conditions have been specified in a trial burn permit or a permit modification has been issued, as applicable. Operating requirements for new wastes may be based on either trial burn results or alternative data included with Part B of a permit application under WAC 173-303-806(4).

     (c) The permit for a new dangerous waste incinerator must establish appropriate conditions for each of the applicable requirements of this section, including but not limited to allowable waste feeds and operating conditions necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (6) of this section, sufficient to comply with the following standards:

     (i) For the period beginning with initial introduction of dangerous waste to the incinerator and ending with initiation of the trial burn, and only for the minimum time required to establish operating conditions required in (c)(ii) of this subsection, not to exceed a duration of seven hundred twenty hours operating time for treatment of dangerous waste. The operating requirements must be those most likely to ensure compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section, based on the department's engineering judgment. The department may extend the duration of this period once for up to seven hundred twenty additional hours when good cause for the extension is demonstrated by the applicant;

     (ii) For the duration of the trial burn, the operating requirements must be sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section, and must be in accordance with the approved trial burn plan;

     (iii) For the period immediately following completion of the trial burn, and only for the minimum period sufficient to allow sample analysis, data computation, and submission of the trial burn results by the applicant, and review of the trial burn results and modification of the facility permit by the department, the operating requirements must be those most likely to ensure compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section, based on the department's engineering judgment;

     (iv) For the remaining duration of the permit, the operating requirements must be those demonstrated, in a trial burn or by alternative data specified in WAC 173-303-806 (4)(f)(iii)(G), as sufficient to ensure compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section.

     (6) Operating requirements.

     (a) An incinerator must be operated in accordance with operating requirements specified in the permit. These will be specified on a case-by-case basis as those demonstrated (in a trial burn or in alternative data as specified in subsection (5)(b) of this section and included with Part B of a facility's permit application) to be sufficient to comply with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section.

     (b) Each set of operating requirements will specify the composition of the waste feed (including acceptable variations in the physical or chemical properties of the waste feed which will not affect compliance with the performance requirement of subsection (4) of this section) to which the operating requirements apply. For each such waste feed, the permit will specify acceptable operating limits including the following conditions:

     (i) Carbon monoxide (CO) level in the stack exhaust gas;

     (ii) Waste feed rate;

     (iii) Combustion temperature;

     (iv) An appropriate indicator of combustion gas velocity;

     (v) Allowable variations in incinerator system design or operating procedures; and

     (vi) Such other operating requirements as are necessary to ensure that the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section are met.

     (c) During startup and shutdown of an incinerator, dangerous waste (except waste exempted in accordance with subsection (1)(b) of this section) must not be fed into the incinerator unless the incinerator is operating within the conditions of operation (temperature, air feed rate, etc.) specified in the permit.

     (d) Fugitive emissions from the combustion zone must be controlled by:

     (i) Keeping the combustion zone totally sealed against fugitive emissions;

     (ii) Maintaining a combustion zone pressure lower than atmospheric pressure; or

     (iii) An alternate means of control demonstrated (with Part B of the permit application) to provide fugitive emissions control equivalent to maintenance of combustion zone pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.

     (e) An incinerator must be operated with a functioning system to automatically cut off waste feed to the incinerator when operating conditions deviate from limits established under (a) of this subsection.

     (f) An incinerator must cease operation when changes in waste feed, incinerator design, or operating conditions exceed limits designated in its permit.

     (7) Monitoring and inspections.

     (a) The owner or operator must conduct, as a minimum, the following monitoring while incinerating dangerous waste:

     (i) Combustion temperature, waste feed rate, and the indicator of combustion gas velocity specified in the facility permit must be monitored on a continuous basis;

     (ii) Carbon monoxide (CO) must be monitored on a continuous basis at a point in the incinerator downstream of the combustion zone and prior to release to the atmosphere; and

     (iii) As required by the department, sampling and analysis of the waste and exhaust emissions must be conducted to verify that the operating requirements established in the permit achieve the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section.

     (b) The incinerator and associated equipment (pumps, valves, conveyors, pipes, etc.) must be completely inspected at least daily for leaks, spills, fugitive emissions, and signs of tampering. All emergency waste feed cutoff controls and system alarms must be tested at least weekly to verify proper operation, unless the owner or operator demonstrates to the department that weekly inspections will unduly restrict or upset operations and that less frequent inspection will be adequate. At a minimum, emergency cutoff and alarm systems must be tested at least monthly.

     (c) This monitoring and inspection data must be recorded and the records must be placed in the operating log required by WAC 173-303-380(1).

     (8) Closure. At closure the owner or operator must remove all dangerous waste and dangerous waste residues (including, but not limited to, ash, scrubber waters, and scrubber sludges) from the incinerator site. Remaining equipment, bases, liners, soil, and debris containing or contaminated with dangerous waste or waste residues must be decontaminated or removed.

[Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-670, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-670, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-670, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-670, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-670, filed 2/10/82.]

     (2) Environmental performance standards. A miscellaneous unit must be located, designed, constructed, operated, maintained, and closed in a manner that will ensure protection of human health and the environment. Permits for miscellaneous units are to contain such terms and provisions as necessary to protect human health and the environment, including, but not limited to, as appropriate, design and operating requirements, detection and monitoring requirements, and requirements for responses to releases of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents from the unit. Permit terms and provisions ((will)) must include those requirements in WAC 173-303-630 through 173-303-670, 40 CFR Subparts AA through CC, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-690 through 173-303-692, WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-806, part 63 subpart EEE (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-400-075 (5)(a)), and 40 CFR Part 146 that are appropriate for the miscellaneous units being permitted. Protection of human health and the environment includes, but is not limited to:

     (a) Prevention of any releases that may have adverse effects on human health or the environment due to migration of wastes constituents in the ground water or subsurface environment, considering:

     (i) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the unit, including its potential for migration through soil, liners, or other containing structures;

     (ii) The hydrologic and geologic characteristics of the unit and the surrounding area;

     (iii) The existing quality of ground water, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the ground water;

     (iv) The quantity and direction of ground water flow;

     (v) The proximity to and withdrawal rates of current and potential ground water users;

     (vi) The patterns of land use in the region;

     (vii) The potential for deposition or migration of waste constituents into subsurface physical structures, and into the root zone of food-chain crops and other vegetation;

     (viii) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; and

     (ix) The potential for damage to domestic animals, wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents.

     (b) Prevention of any release that may have adverse effects on human health or the environment due to migration of waste constituents in surface water, or wetlands or on the soil surface considering:

     (i) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the unit;

     (ii) The effectiveness and reliability of containing, confining, and collecting systems and structures in preventing migration;

     (iii) The hydrologic characteristics of the unit and the surrounding area, including the topography of the land around the unit;

     (iv) The patterns of precipitation in the region;

     (v) The quantity, quality, and direction of ground water flow;

     (vi) The proximity of the unit to surface waters;

     (vii) The current and potential uses of nearby surface waters and any water quality standards established for those surface waters;

     (viii) The existing quality of surface waters and surface soils, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on surface waters and surface soils;

     (ix) The patterns of land use in the region;

     (x) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; and

     (xi) The potential for damage to domestic animals, wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents.