PROPOSED RULES
AIR AGENCY
Original Notice.
Exempt from preproposal statement of inquiry under RCW 34.05.310(4).
Title of Rule and Other Identifying Information: SWCAA 400-030 Definitions. This is an existing section that contains the definitions of words and phrases used throughout SWCAA 400. Most definitions are identical to associated federal definitions.
SWCAA 400-045 Permit Application for Nonroad Engines. This is an existing section identifying requirements for permit applications for nonroad engine projects.
SWCAA 400-046 Application Review Process for Nonroad Engines. This is an existing section identifying requirements for the processing and approval of permit applications for nonroad engine projects.
SWCAA 400-075 Emission Standards for Sources Emitting Hazardous Air Pollutants. This is an existing section that adopts the federal standards for sources emitting hazardous air pollutants contained in 40 C.F.R., Parts 61, 63 and 65 by reference (NESHAPS/MACT) as requirements for sources in SWCAA jurisdiction for local implementation and enforcement.
SWCAA 400-101 Emission Units Exempt from Registration Requirements. This is an existing section identifying those sources that are exempt from the registration and new source review requirements of SWCAA 400-100 and 400-110.
SWCAA 400-111 Requirements for New Sources in a Maintenance Plan Area. This is an existing section identifying the requirements for new or modified sources in a maintenance plan area. Because of the maintenance plan status of an area, emission standards to maintain air quality in a maintenance plan area are more demanding than those in less populated or industrialized areas.
SWCAA 400-113 Requirements for New Sources in Attainment or Nonclassifiable Areas. This is an existing section identifying the new source review requirements for new or modified sources in attainment areas.
SWCAA 400-115 Standards of Performance for New Sources. This is an existing section that adopts by reference the new source performance standards (NSPS) contained in 40 C.F.R., Part 60 for identified sources categories.
SWCAA 400-141 Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). This is an existing section describing the requirements for those sources that would be subject to the federal PSD permitting requirements and provides reference to the appropriate federal regulations.
SWCAA 400-171 Public Involvement. This is an existing section identifying the requirements for public notice of agency actions, and the process by which public involvement is to be administered. This section also identifies those documents that are subject to a formal public notice and those that are not subject to a formal public notice.
SWCAA 400-200 Vertical Dispersion Requirement, Creditable Stack Height and Dispersion Techniques. This is an existing section identifying presumptive requirements for new exhaust stack installations, and describes the procedure by which the maximum allowable stack height is to be determined. This section also prohibits selected exhaust gas dispersion practices.
Hearing Location(s): Office of SWCAA, 11815 N.E. 99th Street, Suite 1294, Vancouver, WA 98682, on November 2, 2006, at 3:00 p.m.
Date of Intended Adoption: November 2, 2006.
Submit Written Comments to: Wess Safford, 11815 N.E. 99th Street, Suite 1294, Vancouver, WA 98682-2454, e-mail wess@swcleanair.org, fax (360) 576-0925, by October 24, 2005.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Mary Allen by October 25, 2006, TTY (360) 574-3058.
Purpose of the Proposal and Its Anticipated Effects, Including Any Changes in Existing Rules: SWCAA 400-030 Definitions. The proposed revision expands the definition of "new source" to specifically include the installation or construction of an "emission unit." This change is intended to clarify and codify existing agency policy.
SWCAA 400-045 Permit Application for Nonroad Engines. The proposed revision corrects an inaccurate cross sectional rule reference.
SWCAA 400-046 Application Review Process for Nonroad Engines. The proposed revision corrects an inaccurate cross sectional rule reference.
SWCAA 400-075 Emission Standards for Sources Emitting Hazardous Air Pollutants. The proposed changes update adoption reference dates and incorporate new federal regulations contained in 40 C.F.R., Parts 61, 63 and 65.
SWCAA 400-101 Emission Units Exempt from Registration Requirements. The proposed changes clarify the applicability language of the exemption section.
SWCAA 400-111 Requirements for New Sources in a Maintenance Plan Area. The proposed revision significantly reformats this section to incorporate updated requirements consistent with the forthcoming ozone maintenance plan for the Portland/Vancouver area. This action is needed to support adoption of the ozone maintenance plan.
SWCAA 400-113 Requirements for New Sources in Attainment or Nonclassifiable Areas. The proposed revision incorporates updated language regarding requirements for sources that impact a maintenance area. The changes are intended to support the forthcoming ozone maintenance plan for the Portland/Vancouver area. This action is needed to support adoption of the ozone maintenance plan.
SWCAA 400-115 Standards of Performance for New Sources. The proposed changes update adoption reference dates and incorporate new federal regulations contained in 40 C.F.R., Part 60.
SWCAA 400-141 Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). The proposed revisions update the adoption by reference rule citations to match the current format of the equivalent sections located in chapter 173-400 WAC.
SWCAA 400-171 Public Involvement. The proposed revision removes minor permit modifications from the list of agency actions that require a mandatory public comment period. This action is intended to streamline public involvement requirements for minor modifications.
SWCAA 400-200 Vertical Dispersion Requirement, Creditable Stack Height and Dispersion Techniques. The proposed revision establishes a presumptive requirement for vertical exhaust stack orientation. This action codifies elements of the agency's existing permitting policy.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: See Purpose above.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 70.94.141.
Statute Being Implemented: RCW 70.94.141.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Name of Proponent: Southwest Clean Air Agency (SWCAA), governmental.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting: Wess Safford, 11815 N.E. 99th Street, Suite 1294, Vancouver, WA 98682, (360) 574-3058; Implementation: Paul Mairose, 11815 N.E. 99th Street, Suite 1294, Vancouver, WA 98682, (360) 574-3058; and Enforcement: Robert Elliott, 11815 N.E. 99th Street, Suite 1294, Vancouver, WA 98682, (360) 574-3058.
No small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW. Changes proposed by SWCAA are consistent with federal or state rules already in effort. This agency is not subject to the small business economic impact provision of chapter 19.85 RCW. A fiscal analysis has been performed to establish the basis for any proposed fee increases. Copies of this analysis are available from SWCAA.
A cost-benefit analysis is not required under RCW 34.05.328. Pursuant to RCW 70.94.141(1), section 201, chapter 403, Laws of 1995, does not apply to this rule adoption. SWCAA is not voluntarily invoking section 201, chapter 403, Laws of 1995, for this action.
August 9, 2006
Robert D. Elliott
Executive Director
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 03-21-045, filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03)
SWCAA 400-030 Definitions
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.030 RCW, and 70.94.141 RCW. Original adoption by Board 12/17/68 (Regulation 1); Amended by Board 10/29/69 (Regulation 2); Amended by Board 3/20/84; Amended by Board 12/16/86; 93-21-003 filed 10/7/93, effective 11/8/93; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 99-07-027 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-055 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03]
Except as provided elsewhere in this regulation the
following definitions apply throughout the regulation:
(1) "Actual emissions" means the actual rate of emissions of a pollutant from an emission unit, as determined in accordance with (a) through (c) of this subsection.
(a) In general, actual emissions as of a particular date shall equal the average rate, in tons per year, at which the emission unit actually emitted the pollutant during a two-year period which precedes the particular date and which is representative of normal "source" operation. The Agency shall allow the use of a different time period upon a determination that it is more representative of normal "source" operation. Actual emissions shall be calculated using the emission unit's actual operating hours, production rates, and types of materials processed, stored, or combusted during the selected time period.
(b) The Agency may presume that "source" specific allowable emissions for the unit are equivalent to the actual emissions of the emission unit.
(c) For any emission unit that has not begun normal operations on the particular date, actual emissions shall equal the potential to emit of the emission unit on that date.
(2) "Adverse impact on visibility" means visibility impairment that interferes with the management, protection, preservation, or enjoyment of the visitor's visual experience of a Federal Class I area. This determination must be made on a case-by-case basis taking into account the geographic extent, intensity, duration, frequency, and time of visibility impairment, and how these factors correlate with (a) times of visitor use of the Federal Class I area and (b) the frequency and timing of natural conditions that reduce visibility.
(3) "Agency" means the Southwest Clean Air Agency (SWCAA).
(4) "Air contaminant" or "air pollutant" means dust, fumes, mist, smoke, other particulate matter, vapor, gas, odorous substance, or any combination thereof. This includes any substance regulated as an air pollutant under Chapter 173-460 WAC, Sections 111 and 112 of the Federal Clean Air Act, ozone depleting substances (Title VI of the Federal Clean Air Act), any substance for which a primary or secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standard has been established, and volatile organic compounds.
(5) "Air discharge permit" means the same as "Order of Approval." This term does not apply to any permitting action conducted pursuant to 40 CFR Part 70 or Chapter 173-401 WAC.
(6) "Air discharge permit application" means the same as "Notice of Construction application." This term does not apply to any permitting action conducted pursuant to 40 CFR Part 70 or Chapter 173-401 WAC.
(7) "Air pollution" means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more air contaminants in sufficient quantities, and of such characteristics and duration as is, or is likely to be, injurious to human health, plant or animal life, or property, or which unreasonably interferes with enjoyment of life and property. For the purposes of this regulation, air pollution shall not include air contaminants emitted in compliance with Chapter 17.21 RCW, the Washington Pesticide Application Act, which regulates the application and control of various pesticides.
(8) "Allowable emissions" means the emission rate of a "stationary source" calculated using the maximum rated capacity of the "stationary source" (unless the "stationary source" is subject to federally enforceable limits which restrict the operating rate, or hours of operation, or both) and the most stringent of the following:
(a) The applicable standards in 40 CFR Parts 60, 61, or 63;
(b) Any applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP) emission limitation including those with a future compliance date;
(c) The emission rate specified as a federally enforceable permit condition, including those with a future compliance date; or
(d) The emission rate specified by a federally enforceable regulatory order.
(9) "Alteration" means the act of altering, which means to change or make different. Alteration includes, but is not limited to, any enlargement, replacement, or change in the design, operation, capacity, or arrangement of a process; any increase in the connected loading of process or control equipment; and any change in fuels, method of operation or hours of operation not previously approved by the Agency.
(10) "Ambient air" means the surrounding outside air.
(11) "Ambient air quality standard" (AAQS) means an established concentration, exposure time, and frequency of occurrence of an air contaminant or multiple air contaminants in the ambient air that shall not be exceeded.
(12) "Attainment area" means a geographic area designated by EPA at 40 CFR Part 81 as having attained the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for a given criteria pollutant.
(13) "Authority" means any air pollution control agency whose jurisdictional boundaries are coextensive with the boundaries of one or more counties.
(14) "Begin actual construction" means, in general, initiation of physical on-site construction activities on an emission unit, which are of a permanent nature. Such activities include, but are not limited to, installation of building supports and foundations, laying underground pipe work and construction of permanent storage structures. With respect to a change in method of operations, this term refers to those on-site activities other than preparatory activities that mark the initiation of the change.
(15) "Best available control technology" (BACT) means an emission limitation (including a visible emission standard) based on the maximum degree of reduction for each air pollutant subject to regulation under Chapter 70.94 RCW which would be emitted from or which results from any new or modified "stationary source," which the Agency, on a case-by-case basis, taking into account energy, environmental, and economic impacts and other costs, determines is achievable for such "stationary source" or modification through application of production processes and available methods, systems, and techniques, including fuel cleaning or treatment, clean fuels, or innovative fuel combustion techniques for control of each such pollutant. In no event shall application of "best available control technology" result in emissions of any air pollutants which will exceed the emissions allowed by any applicable standard under 40 CFR Part 60, Part 61, and Part 63. Emissions from any "stationary source" utilizing clean fuels, or any other means, to comply with this paragraph shall not be allowed to increase above levels that would have been required under the definition of BACT in the Federal Clean Air Act as it existed prior to enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
(16) "Best available retrofit technology" (BART) means an emission limitation based on the degree of reduction achievable through the application of the best system of continuous emission reduction for each pollutant that is emitted by an existing stationary facility. The emission limitation must be established, on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the technology available, the costs of compliance, the energy and non-air quality environmental impacts of compliance, any pollution control equipment in use or in existence at the "stationary source," the remaining useful life of the "stationary source," and the degree of improvement in visibility which may reasonably be anticipated to result from the use of such technology.
(17) "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Southwest Clean Air Agency.
(18) "Bubble" means a set of emission limits which allows an increase in emissions from a given emission unit in exchange for a decrease in emissions from another emission unit, pursuant to RCW 70.94.155 and SWCAA 400-120.
(19) "Capacity factor" means the ratio of the average load on a machine or piece of equipment to the manufacturer's capacity rating of the machine or equipment for the period of time considered.
(20) "Class I area" means any area designated pursuant to Sections 162 or 164 of the Federal Clean Air Act as a Class I area. The following areas are the Class I areas located within Washington state:
(a) Alpine Lakes Wilderness;
(b) Glacier Peak Wilderness;
(c) Goat Rocks Wilderness;
(d) Mount Adams Wilderness;
(e) Mount Rainier National Park;
(f) North Cascades National Park;
(g) Olympic National Park;
(h) Pasayten Wilderness; and
(i) Spokane Indian Reservation.
(21) "Climate change" means a reported meteorological phenomenon, according to which the average temperature on earth is gradually increasing over its level in recent history. This rise in temperature is attributed to the increased concentration in the atmosphere of gases such as carbon dioxide that trap heat radiating upward and reradiate it toward earth.
(22) "Combustion and incineration units" means emission units using combustion for waste disposal, steam production, chemical recovery or other process requirements, but excludes open or outdoor burning.
(23) "Commenced" as applied to construction, means that an owner or operator has all the necessary preconstruction approvals or permits and either has:
(a) Begun, or caused to begin, a continuous program of actual on-site construction of the "stationary source," to be completed within a reasonable time; or
(b) Entered into binding agreements or contractual obligations, which cannot be cancelled or modified without substantial loss to the owner or operator, to undertake a program of actual construction of the "stationary source" to be completed within a reasonable time.
(c) For the purposes of this definition, "necessary preconstruction approvals" means those permits or orders of approval required under federal air quality control laws and regulations, including state, local, and federal regulations and orders contained in the Washington SIP.
(24) "Composting" means the biological degradation and transformation of organic solid waste under controlled conditions designed to promote aerobic decomposition. Natural decay of organic solid waste under uncontrolled conditions is not composting.
(25) "Concealment" means any action taken to reduce the observed or measured concentrations of a pollutant in a gaseous effluent while, in fact, not reducing the total amount of pollutant discharged.
(26) "Construction" means any physical change or change in method of operation (including fabrication, erection, installation, demolition, or modification of an emissions unit) which would result in a change in actual emissions. (ref. 40 CFR 52.21)
(27) "Criteria pollutant" or "criteria air pollutant" means an air pollutant for which a criteria document has been prepared by EPA and has a primary or secondary ambient air quality standard. These pollutants are identified in 40 CFR Part 50 and include sulfur oxides (measured as sulfur dioxide), particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, oxides of nitrogen (measured as nitrogen dioxide), and lead. Although volatile organic compounds are no longer identified as a criteria pollutant category, they are regulated together with oxides of nitrogen as a precursor to ozone.
(28) "Control Officer" means the Executive Director of the Southwest Clean Air Agency.
(29) "Deviation from approval conditions" means an instance when any approval condition is not met, including, but not limited to, conditions that establish emission limitations, emission standards, control equipment requirements, work practices, parameter ranges, and those designed to assure compliance with such requirements, such as monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting. A deviation does not necessarily constitute a violation.
(30) "Director" means the director of the Washington State Department of Ecology or duly authorized representative.
(31) "Dispersion technique" means a method that attempts to affect the concentration of a pollutant in the ambient air other than by the use of pollution abatement equipment or integral process pollution controls.
(32) "Distillate oil" means fuel oil that complies with the specifications for fuel oil numbers 1 or 2, as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D396-01 "Standard Specification for Fuel Oils."
(33) "Ecology" means the Washington State Department of Ecology.
(34) "Emission" means a release of air contaminants into the ambient air.
(35) "Emission control technology" means emission control equipment integral or in addition to the emission unit or other technology, device, component or control parameter that is integral to the basic design of an emission unit; i.e., low NOx burner for a boiler or turbine.
(36) "Emission reduction credit" (ERC) means a credit granted pursuant to SWCAA 400-131. This is a voluntary reduction in emissions beyond required levels of control. ERCs may be sold, leased, banked for future use or traded in accordance with applicable regulations. Emission reduction credits shall provide an incentive for reducing emissions below the required levels and establish a framework to promote a market based approach to air pollution control.
(37) "Emission standard" and "emission limitation" mean a requirement established under the Federal Clean Air Act, Chapter 70.94 RCW or a local regulation that limits the quantity, rate, or concentration of air contaminant emissions on a continuous basis, including any requirement relating to the operation or maintenance of a "stationary source" to assure continuous emission reduction and any design, equipment, work practice, or operational standard adopted under the Federal Clean Air Act or Chapter 70.94 RCW.
(38) "Emission unit" means any part of a "stationary source" that emits or would have the potential to emit any air pollutant subject to regulation under the Federal Clean Air Act, Chapter 70.94 RCW, or Chapter 70.98 RCW.
(39) "Excess emissions" means emissions of an air pollutant in excess of any applicable emission standard or emission limit.
(40) "Excess stack height" means that portion of a stack which exceeds the greater of sixty-five meters (213.25 feet) or the calculated stack height described in SWCAA 400-200(2).
(41) "Executive Director" means the Control Officer of the Southwest Clean Air Agency.
(42) "Existing stationary facility" means a "stationary source" that meets all of the following conditions:
(a) The "stationary source" was not in operation prior to August 7, 1962, and was in existence on August 7, 1977;
(b) The "stationary source" is one of the following:
(i) Fossil fuel-fired steam electric plants of more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input,
(ii) Coal cleaning plants (thermal dryers),
(iii) Kraft pulp mills,
(iv) Portland cement plants,
(v) Primary zinc smelters,
(vi) Iron and steel mills,
(vii) Primary aluminum ore reduction plants,
(viii) Primary copper smelters,
(ix) Municipal incinerators capable of charging more than 250 tons of refuse per day,
(x) Hydrofluoric, sulfuric, or nitric acid plants,
(xi) Petroleum refineries,
(xii) Lime plants,
(xiii) Phosphate rock processing plants,
(xiv) Coke oven batteries,
(xv) Sulfur recovery plants,
(xvi) Carbon black plants (furnace process),
(xvii) Primary lead smelters,
(xviii) Fuel conversion plants,
(xix) Sintering plants,
(xx) Secondary metal production plants,
(xxi) Chemical process plants,
(xxii) Fossil-fuel boilers of more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input,
(xxiii) Petroleum storage and transfer units with a total capacity exceeding 300,000 barrels,
(xxiv) Taconite ore processing plants,
(xxv) Glass fiber processing plants,
(xxvi) Charcoal production plants; and
(c) The "stationary source" has the potential to emit 250 tons per year or more of any air contaminant. Fugitive emissions, to the extent quantifiable, must be counted in determining the potential to emit.
(d) For purposes of determining whether a stationary source is an existing stationary facility the term "building, structure, facility, or installation" means all of the pollutant-emitting activities which belong to the same industrial grouping, are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control). Pollutant emitting activities shall be considered as part of the same major group (i.e., which have the same two digit code) as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (1972), as amended by the 1977 supplement.
(43) "Federal Clean Air Act" (FCAA) means the Federal Clean Air Act, also known as Public Law 88-206, 77 Stat. 392, December 17, 1963, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq., as last amended by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, P.L. 101-549, November 15, 1990.
(44) "Federal Class I area" means any federal land that is classified or reclassified as Class I. The Federal Class I areas in Washington State are as follows:
(a) Alpine Lakes Wilderness;
(b) Glacier Peak Wilderness;
(c) Goat Rocks Wilderness;
(d) Mount Adams Wilderness;
(e) Mount Rainier National Park;
(f) North Cascades National Park;
(g) Olympic National Park; and
(h) Pasayten Wilderness.
(45) "Federal land manager" means the secretary of the department with authority over federal lands in the United States. This includes, but is not limited to, the U.S. Department of the Interior -- National Park Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture -- Forest Service, and/or the U.S. Department of the Interior -- Bureau of Land Management.
(46) "Federally enforceable" means all limitations and conditions which are enforceable by the EPA, including those requirements developed under 40 CFR Parts 60, 61 and 63, requirements within the Washington SIP, requirements within any permit established under 40 CFR 52.21 or any order of approval established under a SIP approved new source review regulation, or any voluntary limits on emissions pursuant to WAC 173-400-091 or SWCAA 400-091.
(47) "Fossil fuel-fired steam generator" means a device, furnace, or boiler used in the process of burning fossil fuel for the primary purpose of producing steam by heat transfer.
(48) "Fugitive dust" means a type of particulate emission made airborne by forces of wind, human activity, or both. Unpaved roads, construction sites, and tilled land are examples of areas that originate fugitive dust. Fugitive dust is a type of fugitive emission.
(49) "Fugitive emissions" means emissions which could not reasonably pass through a stack, chimney, vent, or other functionally equivalent opening.
(50) "General process unit" means an emission unit using a procedure or a combination of procedures for the purpose of causing a change in material by either chemical or physical means, excluding combustion.
(51) "Good agricultural practices" means economically feasible practices that are customary among or appropriate to farms and ranches of a similar nature in the local area.
(52) "Good engineering practice" (GEP) refers to a calculated stack height based on the equation specified in SWCAA 400-200 (2)(a)(ii).
(53) "Greenhouse gas" means a gas that has the ability to contribute to a greenhouse effect in the ambient atmosphere. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
(54) "Incinerator" means a furnace used primarily for the thermal destruction of waste.
(55) "In operation" means engaged in activity related to the primary design function of a "stationary source."
(56) "Installation" means the act of installing, which means placing, assembling or constructing process equipment or control equipment at the premises where the equipment will be used. Installation includes all preparatory work at such premises.
(57) "Lowest achievable emission rate" (LAER) means for any "stationary source" that rate of emissions which reflects the more stringent of:
(a) The most stringent emission limitation which is contained in the implementation plan of any state for such class or category of "stationary source," unless the owner or operator of the proposed new or modified "stationary source" demonstrates that such limitations are not achievable; or
(b) The most stringent emission limitation which is achieved in practice by such class or category of "stationary source."
In no event shall the application of this term permit a proposed new or modified "stationary source" to emit any pollutant in excess of the amount allowable under applicable new source performance standards.
(58) "Maintenance Area" or "Maintenance Plan Area" means a geographical area within the jurisdiction of SWCAA which was formerly designated as a nonattainment area and which has been redesignated as an attainment area as provided under Section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act. The maintenance area designation shall be in effect as long as there is a federal or state requirement to have a maintenance plan in effect.
(59) "Maintenance pollutant" means a pollutant for which a maintenance plan area was formerly designated as a nonattainment area.
(60)(a) "Major modification," as it applies to "stationary sources" subject to requirements for "new sources" in maintenance plan or nonattainment areas (SWCAA 400-111 and -112), means any physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, a "major stationary source" that would result in a significant net emissions increase of any pollutant subject to regulation under the Federal Clean Air Act.
(i) Any net emissions increase that is considered significant for volatile organic compounds or nitrogen oxides shall be considered significant for ozone.
(ii) A physical change or change in the method of operation shall not include:
(A) Routine maintenance, repair, and replacement;
(B) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by reason of an order under Section 2 (a) and (b) of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 (or any superseding legislation) or by reason of a natural gas curtailment plan pursuant to the Federal Power Act;
(C) Use of an alternative fuel by reason of an order or rule under Section 125 of the Federal Clean Air Act;
(D) Use of an alternative fuel at a steam generating unit to the extent that the fuel is generated from municipal solid waste;
(E) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by a "stationary source" which:
(I) The "stationary source" was capable of accommodating before December 21, 1976, unless such change would be prohibited under any federally enforceable permit or approval order condition which was established after December 12, 1976, pursuant to 40 CFR 52.21 or a SIP approved new source review regulation; or
(II) The "stationary source" is approved to use under any permit or approval order issued under SWCAA 400-112 or WAC 173-400-112;
(F) An increase in the hours of operation or in the production rate, unless such change is prohibited under any federally enforceable permit or approval order condition which was established after December 21, 1976, pursuant to 40 CFR 52.21 or a SIP approved new source review regulation;
(G) Any change in ownership at a "stationary source;"
(H) The addition, replacement, or use of a pollution control project (as defined in 40 CFR 51.165 (a)(1)(xxv), in effect on July 1, 2002) at an existing electric utility steam generating unit, unless the permitting agency determines that such addition, replacement, or use renders the unit less environmentally beneficial, or except:
(I) When the permitting agency has reason to believe that the pollution control project would result in a significant net emissions increase in representative actual annual emissions of any criteria pollutant over levels used for that "stationary source" in the most recent air quality impact analysis in the area conducted for the purpose of Title I of the Federal Clean Air Act, if any; and
(II) The permitting agency determines that the increase will cause or contribute to a violation of any National Ambient Air Quality Standard or PSD increment, or visibility limitation; or
(I) The installation, operation, cessation, or removal of a temporary clean coal technology demonstration project, provided that the project complies with the Washington SIP; and other requirements necessary to attain and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard during the project and after it is terminated.
(b) "Major modification," as it applies to "stationary sources" subject to requirements for "new sources" in attainment or unclassified areas (SWCAA 400-113), means any physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, a "major stationary source" that would result in a significant net emissions increase of any pollutant subject to regulation under the Federal Clean Air Act.
(i) Any net emissions increase that is considered significant for volatile organic compounds or nitrogen oxides shall be considered significant for ozone.
(ii) A physical change or change in the method of operation shall not include:
(A) Routine maintenance, repair and replacement;
(B) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by reason of an order under Section 2 (a) and (b) of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 (or any superseding legislation) or by reason of a natural gas curtailment plan pursuant to the Federal Power Act;
(C) Use of an alternative fuel by reason of an order or rule under Section 125 of the Federal Clean Air Act;
(D) Use of an alternative fuel at a steam generating unit to the extent that the fuel is generated from municipal solid waste;
(E) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by a "stationary source" which:
(I) The "stationary source" was capable of accommodating before January 6, 1975, unless such change would be prohibited under any federally enforceable permit condition or Order of Approval which was established after January 6, 1975, pursuant to 40 CFR 52.21 or a SIP approved new source review regulation, or
(II) The "stationary source" is approved to use under any PSD permit;
(F) An increase in the hours of operation or in the production rate, unless such change is prohibited under any federally enforceable permit condition or an approval order which was established after January 6, 1975, pursuant to 40 CFR 52.21 or a SIP approved new source review regulation;
(G) Any change in ownership at a "stationary source;"
(H) The addition, replacement, or use of a pollution control project at an existing electric utility steam generating unit, unless the permitting agency determines that such addition, replacement, or use renders the unit less environmentally beneficial, or except:
(I) When the permitting agency has reason to believe that the pollution control project (as defined in 40 CFR 51.166, in effect on July 1, 2002) would result in a significant net emissions increase in representative actual annual emissions of any criteria pollutant over levels used for that "stationary source" in the most recent air quality impact analysis in the area conducted for the purpose of Title I of the Federal Clean Air Act, if any, and
(II) The permitting agency determines that the increase will cause or contribute to a violation of any National Ambient Air Quality Standard or PSD increment, or visibility limitation; or
(I) The installation, operation, cessation, or removal of a temporary clean coal technology demonstration project, provided that the project complies with the Washington SIP, and other requirements necessary to attain and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard during the project and after it is terminated.
(61)(a) "Major stationary source," as it applies to "stationary sources" subject to requirements for "new sources" in maintenance plan or nonattainment areas (SWCAA 400-111 and -112), means:
(i) Any "stationary source" of air pollutants which emits, or has the potential to emit, 100 tons per year or more of any pollutant subject to regulation under the Federal Clean Air Act, except that lower emissions thresholds shall apply as follows:
(A) 70 tons per year of PM10 in any "serious" nonattainment area for PM10.
(B) 50 tons per year of carbon monoxide (CO) in any "serious" nonattainment area for CO where "stationary sources" contribute significantly to CO levels in the area.
(ii) Any physical change that would occur at a "stationary source" not qualifying under (a)(i) of this subsection as a "major stationary source," if the change would constitute a "major stationary source" by itself.
(iii) A "major stationary source" that is major for volatile organic compounds or NOx shall be considered major for ozone.
(iv) The fugitive emissions of a "stationary source" shall not be included in determining whether it is a "major stationary source," unless the "stationary source" belongs to one of the following categories of "stationary sources" or the "stationary source" is major due to (a)(i)(A) or (a)(i)(B) of this subsection:
(A) Coal cleaning plants (with thermal dryers);
(B) Kraft pulp mills;
(C) Portland cement plants;
(D) Primary zinc smelters;
(E) Iron and steel mills;
(F) Primary aluminum ore reduction plants;
(G) Primary copper smelters;
(H) Municipal incinerators capable of charging more than 50 tons of refuse per day;
(I) Hydrofluoric, sulfuric, or nitric acid plants;
(J) Petroleum refineries;
(K) Lime plants;
(L) Phosphate rock processing plants;
(M) Coke oven batteries;
(N) Sulfur recovery plants;
(O) Carbon black plants (furnace process);
(P) Primary lead smelters;
(Q) Fuel conversion plants;
(R) Sintering plants;
(S) Secondary metal production plants;
(T) Chemical process plants;
(U) Fossil-fuel boilers (or combination thereof) totaling more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input;
(V) Petroleum storage and transfer units with a total storage capacity exceeding 300,000 barrels;
(W) Taconite ore processing plants;
(X) Glass fiber processing plants;
(Y) Charcoal production plants;
(Z) Fossil fuel-fired steam electric plants of more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input; and
(AA) Any other "stationary source" category, which, as of August 7, 1980, is being regulated under Section 111 or 112 of the Federal Clean Air Act.
(v) For purposes of determining whether a "stationary source" is a "major stationary source," the term "building, structure, facility, or installation" means all of the pollutant-emitting activities which belong to the same industrial grouping, are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control). Pollutant-emitting activities shall be considered as part of the same industrial grouping if they belong to the same major group (i.e., which have the same two-digit code) as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (1972), as amended by the 1977 supplement.
(b) "Major stationary source," as it applies to "stationary sources" subject to requirements for "new sources" in attainment or unclassified areas (SWCAA 400-113), means:
(i) Any of the following "stationary sources" of air pollutants which emits, or has the potential to emit, 100 tons per year or more of any pollutant subject to regulation under the Federal Clean Air Act:
(A) Fossil fuel-fired steam electric plants of more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input;
(B) Coal cleaning plants (with thermal dryers);
(C) Kraft pulp mills;
(D) Portland cement plants;
(E) Primary zinc smelters;
(F) Iron and steel mill plants;
(G) Primary aluminum ore reduction plants;
(H) Primary copper smelters;
(I) Municipal incinerators capable of charging more than 50 tons of refuse per day;
(J) Hydrofluoric, sulfuric, and nitric acid plants;
(K) Petroleum refineries;
(L) Lime plants;
(M) Phosphate rock processing plants;
(N) Coke oven batteries;
(O) Sulfur recovery plants;
(P) Carbon black plants (furnace process);
(Q) Primary lead smelters;
(R) Fuel conversion plants;
(S) Sintering plants;
(T) Secondary metal production plants;
(U) Chemical process plants;
(V) Fossil fuel boilers (or combinations thereof) totaling more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input;
(W) Petroleum storage and transfer units with a total storage capacity exceeding 300,000 barrels;
(X) Taconite ore processing plants;
(Y) Glass fiber processing plants; and
(Z) Charcoal production plants.
(ii) Regardless of the "stationary source" size specified in (b)(i) of this subsection, any "stationary source" which emits, or has the potential to emit, 250 tons per year or more of any air pollutant subject to regulation under the Federal Clean Air Act; or
(iii) Any physical change that would occur at a "stationary source" not otherwise qualifying under (b)(i) or (ii) of this subsection, as a "major stationary source" if the change would constitute a "major stationary source" by itself.
(iv) A "major stationary source" that is major for volatile organic compounds or NOx shall be considered major for ozone.
(v) The fugitive emissions of a "stationary source" shall not be included in determining whether it is a "major stationary source," unless the "stationary source" belongs to one of the following categories:
(A) Coal cleaning plants (with thermal dryers);
(B) Kraft pulp mills;
(C) Portland cement plants;
(D) Primary zinc smelters;
(E) Iron and steel mills;
(F) Primary aluminum ore reduction plants;
(G) Primary copper smelters;
(H) Municipal incinerators capable of charging more than 50 tons of refuse per day;
(I) Hydrofluoric, sulfuric, or nitric acid plants;
(J) Petroleum refineries;
(K) Lime plants;
(L) Phosphate rock processing plants;
(M) Coke oven batteries;
(N) Sulfur recovery plants;
(O) Carbon black plants (furnace process);
(P) Primary lead smelters;
(Q) Fuel conversion plants;
(R) Sintering plants;
(S) Secondary metal production plants;
(T) Chemical process plants;
(U) Fossil-fuel boilers (or combination thereof) totaling more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input;
(V) Petroleum storage and transfer units with a total storage capacity exceeding 300,000 barrels;
(W) Taconite ore processing plants;
(X) Glass fiber processing plants;
(Y) Charcoal production plants;
(Z) Fossil fuel-fired steam electric plants of more than 250 million British thermal units per hour heat input;
(AA) Any other "stationary source" category that is being regulated under Section 111 or 112 of the Federal Clean Air Act as of August 7, 1980.
(vi) For purposes of determining whether a "stationary source" is a "major stationary source," the term "building, structure, facility, or installation" means all of the pollutant-emitting activities which belong to the same industrial grouping, are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control). Pollutant-emitting activities shall be considered as part of the same industrial grouping if they belong to the same major group (i.e., which have the same two digit code) as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (1972), as amended by the 1977 supplement.
(62) "Mandatory Class I federal area" means any area defined in Section 162(a) of the Federal Clean Air Act. The mandatory Class I federal areas potentially affected by emissions from "sources" within SWCAA jurisdiction include the following:
(a) Alpine Lakes Wilderness;
(b) Glacier Peak Wilderness;
(c) Goat Rocks Wilderness;
(d) Mount Adams Wilderness;
(e) Mount Rainier National Park;
(f) Mt. Hood Wilderness Area;
(g) Mt. Jefferson Wilderness Area;
(h) North Cascades National Park;
(i) Olympic National Park; and
(j) Pasayten Wilderness.
(63) "Masking" means the mixing of a chemically nonreactive control agent with a malodorous gaseous effluent to change the perceived odor.
(64) "Materials handling" means the handling, transporting, loading, unloading, storage, and transfer of materials with no significant alteration of the chemical or physical properties of the material.
(65) "Modification" means any physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, a "stationary source" that increases the amount of any air contaminant emitted by such "stationary source" or that results in the emissions of any air contaminant not previously emitted. The term modification shall be construed consistent with the definitions of modification in Section 7411, Title 42, United States Code, and with rules implementing that section.
(66) "Motor vehicle" means any self propelled vehicle required to be licensed pursuant to Chapter 46.16 RCW.
(67) "National Ambient Air Quality Standard" (NAAQS) means an ambient air quality standard set forth in 40 CFR Part 50, which includes standards for carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead (Pb), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
(68) "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants" (NESHAPS) means the federal rules in 40 CFR Part 61.
(69) "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories" means the federal rules in 40 CFR Part 63. These rules are commonly referred to as Maximum Available Control Technology (MACT) standards.
(70) "Natural conditions" means naturally occurring phenomena that reduce visibility as measured in terms of light extinction, visual range, contrast, or coloration.
(71)(a) "Net emissions increase," as it applies to "stationary sources" subject to requirements for "new sources" in maintenance plan or nonattainment areas (SWCAA 400-111 and -112), means:
(i) The amount by which the sum of the following exceeds zero:
(A) Any increase in actual emissions from a particular physical change or change in method of operation at a "stationary source"; and
(B) Any other increases and decreases in actual emissions at the "stationary source" that are contemporaneous with the particular change and are otherwise creditable.
(ii) An increase or decrease in actual emissions is contemporaneous with the increase from the particular change only if it occurs before the date that the increase from the particular change occurs.
(iii) An increase or decrease in actual emissions is creditable only if:
(A) It occurred no more than one year prior to the date of submittal of a complete air discharge permit application for the particular change, or it has been documented by an emission reduction credit (ERC). Any emissions increases occurring between the date of issuance of the ERC and the date when a particular change becomes operational shall be counted against the ERC.
(B) The permitting agency has not relied on it in issuing any permit or order of approval for the "stationary source" under this section or a previous SIP approved nonattainment area new source review regulation, which order or permit is in effect when the increase in actual emissions from the particular change occurs.
(iv) An increase in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that the new level of actual emissions exceeds the old level.
(v) A decrease in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that:
(A) The old level of actual emissions or the old level of allowable emissions, whichever is lower, exceeds the new level of actual emissions;
(B) It is federally enforceable at and after the time that actual construction on the particular change begins;
(C) It has approximately the same qualitative significance for public health and welfare as that attributed to the increase from the particular change; and
(D) The permitting agency has not relied on it in issuing any permit or order of approval under this section or a SIP approved nonattainment area new source review regulation; or the permitting agency has not relied on it in demonstrating attainment or reasonable further progress.
(vi) An increase that results from a physical change at a "stationary source" occurs when the emission unit on which construction occurred becomes operational and begins to emit a particular pollutant. Any replacement unit that requires shakedown becomes operational only after a reasonable shakedown period, not to exceed one hundred eighty days.
(b) "Net emissions increase," as it applies to "stationary sources" subject to requirements for "new sources" in attainment or unclassified areas (SWCAA 400-113), means:
(i) The amount by which the sum of the following exceeds zero:
(A) Any increase in actual emissions from a particular physical change or change in the method of operation at a "stationary source"; and
(B) Any other increases and decreases in actual emissions at the "stationary source" that are contemporaneous with the particular change and are otherwise creditable.
(ii) An increase or decrease in actual emissions is contemporaneous with the increase from the particular change only if it occurs within five years before the date that the increase from the particular change occurs.
(iii) An increase or decrease in actual emissions is creditable only if the permitting agency or EPA has not relied on it in issuing a PSD permit for the "stationary source," which permit is in effect when the increase in actual emissions from the particular change occurs.
(iv) An increase or decrease in actual emissions of sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, or nitrogen oxides, which occurs before the applicable minor source baseline date is creditable only if it is required to be considered in calculating the amount of maximum allowable increases remaining available. With respect to particulate matter, only PM10 emissions can be used to evaluate the net emissions increase for PM10.
(v) An increase in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that the new level of actual emissions exceeds the old level.
(vi) A decrease in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that:
(A) The old level of actual emissions or the old level of allowable emissions, whichever is lower, exceeds the new level of actual emissions;
(B) It is federally enforceable at and after the time that actual construction on the particular change begins; and
(C) It has approximately the same qualitative significance for public health and welfare as that attributed to the increase from the particular change.
(vii) An increase that results from a physical change at a "stationary source" occurs when the emission unit on which construction occurred becomes operational and begins to emit a particular pollutant. Any replacement unit that requires shakedown becomes operational only after a reasonable shakedown period, not to exceed one hundred eighty days.
(72) "New source" means one or more of the following:
(a) The construction or modification of a "stationary source" that increases the amount of any air contaminant emitted by such "stationary source" or that results in the emission of any air contaminant not previously emitted;
(b) Any other project that constitutes a "new source" under the Federal Clean Air Act;
(c) Restart of a "stationary source" after permanent shutdown;
(d) The installation or construction of a new "emission unit"; or
(((d))) (e) Relocation of a "stationary source" to a new
location, except in the case of portable sources operating
under a valid permit as provided in SWCAA 400-110(6).
(73) "New Source Performance Standards" (NSPS) means the federal rules in 40 CFR Part 60.
(74) "Nonattainment area" means a geographic area designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 81 as exceeding a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for a given criteria air pollutant. An area is nonattainment only for the pollutants for which the area has been designated nonattainment.
(75) "Nonroad engine"
(a) Except as discussed in (b) of this subsection, a nonroad engine is any internal combustion engine:
(i) In or on a piece of equipment that is self-propelled or serves a dual purpose by both propelling itself and performing another function (such as garden tractors, off-highway mobile cranes and bulldozers); or
(ii) In or on a piece of equipment that is intended to be propelled while performing its function (such as lawnmowers and string trimmers); or
(iii) That, by itself or in or on a piece of equipment, is portable or transportable, meaning designed to be and capable of being carried or moved from one location to another. Indications of transportability include, but are not limited to, wheels, skids, carrying handles, dolly, trailer, or platform.
(b) An internal combustion engine is not a nonroad engine if:
(i) The engine is used to propel a motor vehicle or a vehicle used solely for competition, or is subject to standards promulgated under Section 202 of the Federal Clean Air Act; or
(ii) The engine is regulated by a New Source Performance Standard promulgated under Section 111 of the Federal Clean Air Act; or
(iii) The engine otherwise included in (a)(iii) of this subsection remains or will remain at a location for more than twelve consecutive months or a shorter period of time for an engine located at a seasonal source. A location is any single site at a building, structure, facility, or installation. Any engine(s) that replace(s) an engine at a location and that is intended to perform the same or similar function as the engine(s) replaced will be included in calculating the consecutive time period. An engine located at a seasonal source is an engine that remains at a seasonal source during the full annual operating period of the seasonal source. A seasonal source is a "stationary source" that remains in a single location on a permanent basis (i.e., two seasons or more) and that operates at that single location approximately three months (or more) each year. This paragraph does not apply to an engine after the engine is removed from the location. (ref. 40 CFR 89.2)
(76) "Nonroad engine permit" means a regulatory order issued by the Agency to approve the installation, replacement or alteration of a nonroad engine. This term does not apply to any permitting action conducted pursuant to SWCAA 400-110 or Chapter 173-401 WAC.
(77) "Nonroad engine permit application" means a written application for installation, replacement or alteration of a nonroad engine. This term does not apply to any permitting action conducted pursuant to SWCAA 400-110 or Chapter 173-401 WAC.
(78) "Notice of Construction application" (NOC) means a written application requesting approval for installation, replacement, modification, or other alteration of an emission unit at an air contaminant source or replacement or substantial alteration of control technology at an existing "stationary source." Affected activities include, but are not limited to, equipment modifications or alterations, changes to process or control equipment, establishment of emission limits, installation of "new sources," control technology determinations, PSD determinations, and other items specified by the Agency. "Notice of Construction application" means the same as "air discharge permit application." (For more information refer to SWCAA 400-109.)
(79) "Opacity" means the degree to which an object seen through a plume is obscured, stated as a percentage.
(80) "Open or outdoor burning" means the combustion of material in an open fire or in an outdoor container, without providing for the control of combustion or the control of the emissions from the combustion. Open burning includes all forms of outdoor burning except those listed as exempt in SWCAA 425-020. Wood waste disposal in wigwam burners is not considered open or outdoor burning.
(81) "Operating permit" means a permit issued pursuant to 40 CFR Part 70 or Chapter 173-401 WAC.
(82) "Operating permit application" means the same as "application" as described in WAC 173-401-500 and -510.
(83) "Order" means any regulatory order issued by Ecology or the Agency pursuant to Chapter 70.94 RCW, including, but not limited to RCW 70.94.332, 70.94.152, 70.94.153 and 70.94.141(3), and includes, where used in the generic sense, the terms order, corrective action order, order of approval, air discharge permit, nonroad engine permit, compliance schedule order, consent order, order of denial, order of violation, order of prevention, order of discontinuance, administrative order, and regulatory order.
(84) "Order of Approval" means a regulatory order issued by Ecology or the Agency to approve a Notice of Construction or air discharge permit application. "Order of Approval" means the same as "air discharge permit." Note: For more information refer to SWCAA 400-230.
(85) "Ozone depleting substance" means any substance listed in Appendices A and B to Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 82.
(86) "Particulate matter" (PM) means any airborne finely divided solid or liquid material with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 100 micrometers.
(87) "Particulate matter emissions" means all finely divided solid or liquid material, other than uncombined water, emitted to the ambient air as measured by applicable reference methods, or an equivalent or alternative method specified in Title 40, Chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations or by a test method specified in the Washington SIP.
(88) "Parts per million by volume" (ppmv) means parts of a contaminant per million parts of gas or carrier medium, by volume. When calculating or measuring the ppmv of a given gas or carrier stream, such measurement or calculation shall be exclusive of water and particulate matter.
(89) "Permanent Shutdown" means permanently stopping or terminating all processes at a "stationary source" or "emission unit." Except as provided in subsections (a), (b) and (c), whether a shutdown is permanent depends on the intention of the owner or operator at the time of the shutdown as determined from all facts and circumstances, including the cause of the shutdown and the payment status of registration fees. Failure to pay registration fees for greater than one year is presumed to constitute a permanent shutdown. A shutdown lasting two or more years is presumed to be permanent, except that this presumption does not apply in the case of portable equipment operating under a valid permit pursuant to SWCAA 400-110(6).
(a) A shutdown is permanent if the owner or operator files a report of shutdown, as provided in SWCAA 400-100(5). Failure to file such a report does not mean that a shutdown was not permanent.
(b) Failure to pay registration fees for greater than two years shall constitute a permanent shutdown.
(c) Any shutdown lasting five or more years is considered to be permanent.
(90) "Permitting agency" means Ecology or the local air pollution control agency with jurisdiction over a "source."
(91) "Person" means an individual, firm, public or private corporation, owner, owner's agent, operator, contractor, association, partnership, political subdivision, municipality, or government agency.
(92) "Pipeline quality natural gas" means natural gas fuel with a total fuel sulfur content of 0.5 grains per 100 standard cubic feet or less.
(93) "PM10" means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers as measured by a reference method based on 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix J and designated in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53 or by an equivalent method designated in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53.
(94) "PM10 emissions" means finely divided solid or liquid material, including condensable particulate matter, with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers emitted to the ambient air as measured by an applicable reference method, or an equivalent or alternate method, specified in Appendix M of 40 CFR Part 51 or by a test method specified in the Washington SIP.
(95) "PM2.5" means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers as measured by a reference method based on 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix L and designated in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53 or by an equivalent method designated in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53.
(96) "PM2.5 emissions" means finely divided solid or liquid material, including condensable particulate matter, with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers emitted to the ambient air as measured by an applicable reference method, or an equivalent or alternate method, specified in 40 CFR Part 50 or by a test method specified in the Washington SIP.
(97) "Pollutant" means the same as air contaminant, air pollutant and air pollution. (Refer to definitions (4) and (7)).
(98) "Portable equipment" means a "stationary source" consisting of one or more emission units that is portable or transportable and capable of being operated at multiple locations. Portable equipment is subject to the requirements of SWCAA 400-109 and 400-110. Portable equipment includes, but is not limited to, rock crushers, portable asphalt plants, and portable concrete mixing plants (Portland cement).
(99) "Potential to emit" means the maximum capacity (i.e., design capacity) of a "stationary source" to emit a pollutant under its physical and operational design. Any physical or operational limitation on the capacity of the "stationary source" to emit a pollutant, including air pollution control equipment and restrictions on hours of operation or on the type or amount of material combusted, stored, or processed, shall be treated as part of its design only if the limitation or the effect it would have on emissions is federally enforceable. Secondary emissions do not count in determining the potential to emit of a "stationary source."
(100) "Prevention of Significant Deterioration" (PSD) means the program set forth in WAC 173-400-141 and adopted by reference in SWCAA 400-141.
(101) "Projected width" means that dimension of a structure determined from the frontal area of the structure, projected onto a plane perpendicular to a line between the center of the stack and the center of the building.
(102) "Reasonably attributable" means attributable by visual observation or any other technique the Agency deems appropriate.
(103) "Reasonably available control technology" (RACT) means the lowest emission limit that a particular "stationary source" or source category is capable of meeting by the application of control technology that is reasonably available considering technological and economic feasibility. RACT is determined on a case-by-case basis for an individual "stationary source" or source category taking into account the impact of the "stationary source" upon air quality, the availability of additional controls, the emission reduction to be achieved by additional controls, the impact of additional controls on air quality, and the capital and operating costs of the additional controls. RACT requirements for any "stationary source" or source category shall be adopted only after public notice and opportunity for comment are afforded. RACT shall apply to existing "stationary sources."
(104) "Regulatory order" means an order issued by Ecology or the Agency to an air contaminant source, any applicable provision of Chapter 70.94 RCW, or the rules adopted thereunder, or, the regulations of the Agency. Note: For further clarification, refer to the definitions of "Order," "Order of Approval," "air discharge permit," "nonroad engine permit," and SWCAA 400-230.
(105) "Residual Oil" means crude oil, fuel oil that does not comply with the specifications for "distillate oil," and all fuel oil numbers 4, 5, and 6 as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D396-01.
(106) "Secondary emissions" means emissions which would occur as a result of the construction or operation of a "major stationary source" or "major modification," but do not come from the "major stationary source" or "major modification" itself. Secondary emissions must be specific, well defined, quantifiable, and impact the same general area as the "major stationary source" or "major modification" which causes the secondary emissions. Secondary emissions may include, but are not limited to:
(a) Emissions from ships or trains located at the new or modified "major stationary source;" and
(b) Emissions from any off-site support facility which would not otherwise be constructed or increase its emissions as a result of the construction or operation of the "major stationary source" or "major modification."
(107)(a) "Significant," as it applies to "stationary sources" subject to requirements for "new sources" in maintenance plan or nonattainment areas (SWCAA 400-111 and -112), means, in reference to a net emissions increase or the potential of a "stationary source" to emit any of the following pollutants, a rate of emissions that would equal or exceed any of the following rates:
| Pollutant | Emission Rate |
| Carbon monoxide: | 100 tons per year (tpy) |
| Nitrogen oxides: | 40 tpy |
| Sulfur dioxide: | 40 tpy |
| Volatile organic compounds: | 40 tpy |
| Lead: | 0.6 tpy |
| PM10: | 15 tpy |
(i) In reference to a net emissions increase or the potential of a "stationary source" to emit any of the following pollutants, a rate of emissions that would equal or exceed any of the following rates:
| Pollutant | Emission Rate | |
| Carbon monoxide: | 100 tons per year (tpy) | |
| Nitrogen oxides: | 40 tpy | |
| Sulfur dioxide: | 40 tpy | |
| Particulate matter: | 25 tpy - PM | |
| 15 tpy - PM10 | ||
| Volatile organic compounds: | 40 tpy | |
| Fluorides: | 3 tpy | |
| Lead: | 0.6 tpy | |
| Sulfuric acid mist: | 7 tpy | |
| Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): | 10 tpy | |
| Total reduced sulfur (including H2S): | 10 tpy | |
| Reduced sulfur compounds (including H2S): | 10 tpy | |
| Municipal waste combustor organics: (measured as total tetra-through octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) | 3.2 grams per year (0.112 oz. per year or 49 grains per year) | |
| Municipal waste combustor metals: (measured as particulate matter) | 14 megagrams per year (15 tpy) | |
| Municipal waste combustor acid gases: (measured as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride) | 36 megagrams per year (40 tpy) | |
| Municipal solid waste landfill emissions: (measured as nonmethane organic compounds) | 45 mega grams per year (50 tpy) | |
| Ozone-depleting substances (in effect on July 1, 2000): | 100 tpy |
(iii) Regardless of the definition in (b)(i) of this subsection, significant means any emissions rate or any net emissions increase associated with a "major stationary source" or "major modification" which would construct within 10 kilometers of a Class I area, and have an impact on such area equal to or greater than 1 microgram per cubic meter (twenty-four-hour average).
(108) "Source" means all of the emission units (including quantifiable fugitive emissions) that are located on one or more contiguous and adjacent properties, and are under the control of the same person (or persons under common control), whose activities are ancillary to the production of a single product or functionally related groups of products. Activities shall be considered ancillary to the production of a single product or functionally related group of products if they belong to the same major group (i.e., which have the same two-digit code) as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (1972), as amended by the 1977 supplement.
(109) "Source category" means all "sources" or "stationary sources" of the same type or classification as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (1972), as amended by the 1977 supplement.
(110) "Southwest Clean Air Agency" (SWCAA) means the local air pollution agency empowered to enforce and implement the Federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.) and the Clean Air Washington Act, Chapter 70.94 RCW) in Clark, Cowlitz, Lewis, Skamania, and Wahkiakum Counties of Washington State.
(111) "Stack" means any emission point in a "stationary source" designed to emit solids, liquids, or gases into the air, including a pipe or duct.
(112) "Stack height" means the height of an emission point measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.
(113) "Standard conditions" means a temperature of 20 degrees C (68 degrees F) and a pressure of 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury.
(114) "State Implementation Plan" or "Washington SIP" means the Washington SIP in 40 CFR Part 52, Subpart WW. The SIP contains federal, state and local regulations and orders, the state plan and compliance schedules approved and promulgated by EPA, for the purpose of implementing, maintaining, and enforcing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
(115) "Stationary source" means any building, structure, facility, or installation that emits or may emit any air contaminant. This term does not include emissions resulting directly from an internal combustion engine for transportation purposes or from a non-road engine or non-road vehicle as defined in Section 216(11) of the Federal Clean Air Act.
(116) "Sulfuric acid plant" means any facility producing sulfuric acid by the contact process by burning elemental sulfur, alkylation acid, hydrogen sulfide, or acid sludge.
(117) "Synthetic minor" means any "stationary source" whose potential to emit has been limited below applicable thresholds by means of a federally enforceable order, rule or permit condition.
(118) "Total reduced sulfur" (TRS) means the sum of the sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and any other organic sulfides emitted and measured by EPA Method 16 in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A or an EPA approved equivalent method and expressed as hydrogen sulfide.
(119) "Total suspended particulate" (TSP) means particulate matter as measured by the method described in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix B.
(120) "Toxic air pollutant" (TAP) means any Class A or B toxic air pollutant listed in WAC 173-460-150 or -160. The term toxic air pollutant may include particulate matter and volatile organic compounds if an individual substance or a group of substances within either of these classes is listed in WAC 173-460-150 or -160. The term toxic air pollutant does not include particulate matter and volatile organic compounds as generic classes of compounds.
(121) "Unclassifiable area" means an area that cannot be designated attainment or nonattainment on the basis of available information as meeting or not meeting the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for the criteria pollutant and that is listed by EPA in 40 CFR Part 81.
(122) "United States Environmental Protection Agency" (USEPA) shall be referred to as EPA.
(123) "Upgraded" is defined only for gasoline dispensing facilities and means the modification of a gasoline storage tank or piping to add cathodic protection, tank lining or spill and overfill protection that involves removal of ground or ground cover above a portion of the product piping.
(124) "Upset condition" means a failure, breakdown, or malfunction of any piece of process equipment or pollution control equipment that causes, or has the potential to cause, excess emissions.
(125) "Visibility impairment" means any humanly perceptible change in visibility (light extinction, visual range, contrast, or coloration) from that which would have existed under natural conditions.
(126) "Visibility impairment of Class I areas" means visibility impairment within the Class I area and visibility impairment of any formally designated integral vista associated with the Class I area.
(127) "Volatile organic compound" (VOC) means:
(a) Any carbon compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions. Exceptions: The following compounds are not a VOC: acetone; ammonium carbonate; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; carbonic acid; metallic carbides or carbonates; ethane; methane; methyl acetate; methylene chloride (dichloromethane); 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform); 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113); trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11); dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12); chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22); trifluoromethane (HFC-23); 1,2-dichloro 1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114); chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115); 1,1,1-trifluoro 2,2-dichloroethane (HCFC-123); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); 1,1,-dichloro 1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b); 1-chloro 1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); 2-chloro 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124); pentafluoroethane (HFC-125); 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF); cyclic, branched, or linear completely methylated siloxanes; perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene); 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225ca); 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225cb); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee); difluoromethane (HFC-32); ethylfluoride (HFC-161); 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca); 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea); 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa); 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31); 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-151a); 1.2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a); 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxy-butane (C4F9OCH3); 2-(difluoromethoxymethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane ((CF3)2CFCF2OCH3); 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane (C4F9OC2H5); 2-(ethoxydifluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane ((CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5); and perfluorocarbon compounds that fall into these classes:
(i) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated alkanes;
(ii) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations;
(iii) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations; and
(iv) Sulfur containing perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine.
(b) For the purpose of determining compliance with emission limits, VOCs will be measured by the appropriate methods in 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A. Where the method also measures compounds with negligible photochemical reactivity, these negligibly-reactive compounds may be excluded as VOC if the amount of the compounds is accurately quantified, and the exclusion is approved by the Agency or EPA.
(c) As a precondition to excluding negligibly-reactive compounds as VOC, or at any time thereafter, the Agency may require an owner or operator to provide monitoring or testing methods and results demonstrating to the satisfaction of the Agency the amount of negligibly-reactive compounds in the "source's" emissions.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 05-23-066, filed 11/15/05,
effective 12/16/05)
SWCAA 400-045 Permit Application for Nonroad Engines
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.040 RCW, 70.94.141 RCW; Original adoption 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03; 05-23-066, filed 11/15/05, effective 12/16/05]
(1) Purpose. A nonroad engine permit application is the
document used by the Agency to record and track requests to
approve the installation, replacement, or other alteration of
a nonroad engine.
(2) Applicability. The requirements of this section
apply to all nonroad engines as defined in SWCAA
400-030(((74)))(75) except for the following:
(a) Nonroad engine projects with an aggregate power rating less than 200 horsepower;
(b) Well drilling rigs;
(c) Portable firefighting equipment;
(d) Mobile cranes and pile drivers;
(e) Engines used for emergency flood control; ((or))
(f) Engines used to power carnival or amusement
rides((.)); or
(g) Engines used to power portable equipment (sign boards, lights, compressors, etc.) operating in support of short term construction projects (< 1 year in duration)
(3) Application Submittal. A complete nonroad engine permit application shall be submitted for each new installation, replacement, or other alteration of a nonroad engine.
(4) Application Fees. A filing fee of $600.00 and a review fee, as shown in Table A, shall be submitted with the applicant prior to Agency review. If additional types of review, as identified in Table B, are required by the Agency as a result of the proposed installation, replacement or alteration, an additional review fee shall be paid as described in Table B. (Total Application Fee = Filing Fee + Application Review Fee [Table A] + Additional Review Fee [Table B]).
Nonroad Engine Permit Application Review Fees
| Equipment/Activity | Associated Work Hours |
Review Fee | ||||
| i. | Nonroad Engine (Aggregate horsepower rating): | |||||
| Less than 500 | 10 | $ 700.00 | ||||
| 500 or more but less than 2,000 | 14 | 1,000.00 | ||||
| 2,000 or more but less than 5,000 | 21 | 1,500.00 | ||||
| 5,000 or more but less than 10,000 | 42 | 3,000.00 | ||||
| 10,000 or more | 85 | 6,000.00 | ||||
| ii. | Minor Change to Existing Permit Conditions: | 8 | $ 600.00 | |||
| iii. | Other (Not classified above): | $200.00 per ton of emission | ||||
| iv. | Emergency Applications | Double the normal application and review fee | ||||
Additional Review Fees
| Equipment/Activity | Associated Work Hours |
Review Fee | ||||
| v. | State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) - Lead Agency | |||||
| Minor | 14 | $ 1,000.00 | ||||
| Major | 35 | 2,500.00 | ||||
| vi. | Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Review | |||||
| Minor | 11 | $ 800.00 | ||||
| Major | 28 | 2,000.00 | ||||
| vii. | Variance request | 11 | $ 800.00 | |||
| viii. | Review of ambient impact analysis | $ 70.00/hr. | ||||
(6) Withdrawn or exempt applications.
(a) An applicant may withdraw an application at any time prior to issuance of a final nonroad engine permit. The applicant must provide a written and signed request to the Agency indicating their desire to withdraw the application and certification that the proposed equipment or alteration will not be installed or operated without prior review and approval from the Agency. The Agency shall provide written response to acknowledge withdrawal of the application.
(b) After review by the Agency, an application may be determined to be exempt from the requirements of SWCAA 400-046 and 400-100. The Agency shall provide written notification to the applicant for all applications that are determined to be exempt. Exemption status shall not take effect until confirmed in writing.
(c) For withdrawn or exempt applications, filing fees will not be refunded to the applicant. Review fees may be refunded upon request, provided that substantial time has not been expended by the Agency for review of the application.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 03-21-045, filed 10/9/03,
effective 11/9/03)
SWCAA 400-046 Application Review Process for Nonroad Engines
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.040 RCW, 70.94.141 RCW, Original adoption 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03]
(1) Applicability.
(a) All nonroad engine permit applications submitted to the Agency pursuant to SWCAA 400-045 shall be reviewed and processed as described in this section.
(b) Review of a permit application shall be limited to the nonroad engine proposed to be installed, replaced or altered and the air contaminants whose emissions would increase as a result.
(c) The requirements of this section do not apply to
"stationary sources" as defined in SWCAA 400-030(((110)))
(115). Permit applications for "stationary sources" are
reviewed and processed in accordance with SWCAA 400-110.
(2) Requirements.
(a) Provided that all review requirements are met, a nonroad engine permit shall be issued by the Agency prior to the installation, replacement or alteration of any nonroad engine subject to the requirements of SWCAA 400-045 and this section.
(b) A completed environmental checklist or a completed determination, as provided in Chapter 197-11 WAC, shall be submitted with each application.
(c) Each nonroad engine permit application shall demonstrate that the proposed nonroad engine complies with applicable requirements for ambient air increments and ambient air quality standards (See Table A below). Regulation of nonroad engines pursuant to this section shall be consistent with Appendix A of 40 CFR 89 Subpart A.
Emission Concentration Regulatory Standards
| Pollutant | Averaging Period |
PSD Ambient Increment 40 CFR 51.166(c) |
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 40 CFR 50 |
State Ambient Air Quality Standards 173-470, 474, and 475 WAC |
||
| Class I µg/m3 |
Class II µg/m3 |
Primary Standard µg/m3 (ppm) |
Secondary Standard µg/m3 (ppm) |
Ambient Standard µg/m3 (ppm) |
||
| Carbon Monoxide (CO) |
8-Hour 1-Hour |
-- -- |
-- -- |
10,000b
(9.0) 40,000b (35.0) |
-- -- |
10,000b (9.0) 40,000b(35.0) |
| Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) |
Annuala (arithmetic mean) |
2.5 | 25 | 100 (0.05) | 100 (0.05) | 100 (0.05) |
| Ozone (O3) |
1-Houre 8-Hourf |
-- -- |
-- -- |
(0.12) (0.08) |
(0.12) (0.08) |
(0.12) -- |
| Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) |
Annuala 24-Hour 3-Hour 1-Hour |
2 5 25 -- |
20 91 512 -- |
80 (0.03) 365b (0.14) -- -- |
-- -- 1,300b (0.50) -- |
53 (0.02) 260b (0.10) -- 1,065b (0.40)d |
| Lead | Quarterly Average |
-- | -- | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) |
Annuala (geometric mean) 24-Hour |
-- -- |
-- -- |
-- -- |
-- -- |
60 150b |
| Particulate Matter less than 10 µm (PM10) |
Annual (arithmetic mean) 24-Houri |
4 8 |
17 30 |
50 150b |
50 150b |
50 150b |
| Particulate Matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) |
Annualg (arithmetic mean) 24-Hourh |
-- -- |
-- -- |
15 65 |
15 65 |
-- -- |
(3) Application processing/completeness determination. Within thirty (30) calendar days of receipt of a nonroad engine permit application, the Agency shall either notify the applicant in writing that the application is complete or notify the applicant in writing of all additional information necessary to complete the application.
(4) Final determination. Within sixty (60) calendar days of receipt of a complete nonroad engine permit application, the Agency shall either issue a final decision on the application or initiate public notice on a proposed decision, followed as promptly as possible by a final decision. All actions taken under this subsection must meet the public involvement requirements of SWCAA 400-171.
(5) Appeals. A nonroad engine permit, any conditions contained in a nonroad engine permit, the denial of a nonroad engine permit application, or any other regulatory order issued pursuant to this section, may be appealed to the Pollution Control Hearings Board within 30 calendar days of receipt as provided in Chapter 43.21B RCW and Chapter 371-08 WAC. The Agency shall promptly mail copies of each nonroad engine permit or order to the applicant and any other party who submitted timely comments on the application, along with a notice advising the parties of their rights of appeal to the Pollution Control Hearings Board.
(6) Compliance. Noncompliance with any term or condition identified in a nonroad engine permit issued pursuant to this section shall be considered a violation of this section.
(7) Expiration. Nonroad engine permits issued pursuant
to this section shall become invalid if installation or
alteration is not commenced within eighteen months after the
date of issuance of a permit or if installation or alteration
is discontinued for a period of eighteen months or more. The
Agency may extend the eighteen-month period upon a
satisfactory demonstration that an extension is justified.
This provision does not apply to the time period between
((construction)) commencement of the approved phases of a
phased ((construction)) project. Each phase of the project
must commence ((construction)) within eighteen months of the
projected and approved commencement date. The Agency may
specify an earlier date for commencement ((of construction))
in a nonroad engine permit.
(8) Change of conditions.
(a) The owner or operator may request, at any time, a change in conditions of an existing nonroad engine permit. The request may be approved provided the Agency finds that:
(i) No ambient air quality standard or ambient air increment will be exceeded as a result of the change;
(ii) The change will not adversely impact the ability of the Agency to determine compliance with an applicable permit term or condition; and
(iii) The revised permit meets the requirements of SWCAA 400-046.
(b) A request to change existing approval conditions shall be filed as a nonroad engine permit application. The application shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of subsection (2) of this section, and be acted upon according to the timelines in subsections (3) and (4) of this section. The fee schedule found in SWCAA 400-045(3) shall apply to these requests.
(c) All actions taken under this subsection shall be subject to the public involvement provisions of SWCAA 400-171.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 05-23-066, filed 11/15/05,
effective 12/16/05)
SWCAA 400-075 Emission Standards for Stationary Sources
Emitting Hazardous Air Pollutants
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW. Original Board adoption 12/18/79; Amended by Board 12/16/86; 93-21-003 filed 10/7/93, effective 11/8/93; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 96-21-098 filed 10/21/96, effective 11/21/96; 99-07-027 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-055 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03; 05-23-066 filed 11/15/05, effective 12/16/05]
(1) The national emission standards for hazardous air
pollutants promulgated by EPA as in effect July 1, ((2005))
2006, as contained in 40 CFR Part 61, are adopted by
reference. The term "Administrator" in 40 CFR Part 61 shall
mean the Administrator of EPA and the Executive Director of
the Agency.
(2) The Agency may require that emission tests be conducted and require access to records, books, files, and other information specific to the control, recovery, or release of those pollutants regulated under 40 CFR Part 61, Part 63, or Part 65 in order to determine the status of compliance of sources of these contaminants and to carry out its enforcement responsibilities.
(3) Emission testing, monitoring, and analytical methods
for sources of hazardous air pollutants shall conform with the
requirements of 40 CFR Part 61, Part 63 and/or Part 65, as in
effect on July 1, ((2002)) 2006.
(4) This section shall not apply to any "stationary source" operating pursuant to a waiver granted by EPA or an exemption granted by the President of the United States during the effective life of such waiver or exemption.
(5) Specific standards of performance referred to as Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) have been promulgated by EPA.
(a) As of July 1, ((2005)) 2006, 40 CFR Part 63 and
appendices are hereby adopted by reference. The following
list is provided for informational purposes:
Subpart A National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants for Source Categories: General Provisions (ref. 40
CFR 63.1 et seq.)
Subpart B National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Equivalent Emission Limitation By Permit (ref. 40 CFR 63.50 et seq.)
Subpart D National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Early Reduction Program (ref. 40 CFR 63.70 et seq.)
Subpart F National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (ref. 40 CFR 63.100 et seq.)
Subpart G National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater (ref. 40 CFR 63.110 et seq.)
Subpart H National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks (ref. 40 CFR 63.160 et seq.)
Subpart I National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks (ref. 40 CFR 60.190 et seq.)
Subpart J National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Polyvinyl Chloride and Copolymers Production (ref. 40 CFR 60.210 et seq.)
Subpart L National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Oven Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.300 et seq.)
Subpart M National Perchloroethylene Air Emission Standards for Dry Cleaning Facilities - as it applies to major sources (ref. 40 CFR 63.320 et seq.)
Subpart N National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hard and Decorative Electroplating and Anodizing Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.340 et seq.)
Subpart O National Ethylene Oxide Air Emission Standards for Commercial Sterilizers (ref. 40 CFR 63.360 et seq.)
Subpart Q National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Industrial Process Cooling Towers (ref. 40 CFR 63.400 et seq.)
Subpart R National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Gasoline Distribution Operations (Stage I) (ref. 40 CFR 63.420 et seq.)
Subpart S National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Pulp and Paper Industry (ref. 40 CFR 63.440 et seq.)
Subpart T National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Halogenated Solvents Cleaning Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.460 et seq.)
Subpart U National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions: Group I Polymers and Resins and Group IV Polymers and Resins (ref. 40 CFR 63.480 et seq.)
Subpart W National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Epoxy Resins Production and Non-Nylon Polyamides Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.520 et seq.)
Subpart X National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Secondary Lead Smelting Manufacturing Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.541 et seq.)
Subpart Y National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Marine Vessel Loading Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.560 et seq.)
Subpart AA National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Phosphoric Acid Manufacturing Plants (ref. 40 CFR 63.600 et seq.)
Subpart BB National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Phosphate Fertilizers Production Plants (ref. 40 CFR 63.620 et seq.)
Subpart CC National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Petroleum Refineries (ref. 40 CFR 63.640 et seq.)
Subpart DD National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.680 et seq.)
Subpart EE National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Magnetic Tape Manufacturing Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.710 et seq.)
Subpart GG National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Aerospace Manufacturing Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.740 et seq.)
Subpart HH National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Oil and Natural Gas Production Facilities (ref. 40 CFR 63.760 et seq.)
Subpart II National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) (ref. 40 CFR 63.780 et seq.)
Subpart JJ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.800 et seq.)
Subpart KK National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Printing and Publishing Industry (ref. 40 CFR 63.820 et seq.)
Subpart LL National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Aluminum Reduction Plants (ref. 40 CFR 63.840 et seq.)
Subpart MM National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-alone Semichemical Pulp Mills (ref. 40 CFR 63.860 et seq.)
Subpart OO National Emission Standards for Tanks - Level 1 (ref. 40 CFR 63.900 et seq.)
Subpart PP National Emission Standards for Containers (ref. 40 CFR 63.920 et seq.)
Subpart QQ National Emission Standards for Surface Impoundments (ref. 40 CFR 63.940 et seq.)
Subpart RR National Emission Standards for Individual Drain Systems (ref. 40 CFR 63.960 et seq.)
Subpart SS National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Closed Vent Systems, Control Devices, Recovery Devices and Routing to a Fuel Gas System or a Process (ref. 40 CFR 63.980 et seq.)
Subpart TT National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks - Control Level 1 (ref. 40 CFR 63.1000 et seq.)
Subpart UU National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks - Control Level 2 (ref. 40 CFR 63.1019 et seq.)
Subpart VV National Emission Standards for Oil-Water Separators and Organic-Water Separators (ref. 40 CFR 63.1040 et seq.)
Subpart WW National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Storage Vessels (Tanks) - Control Level 2 (ref. 40 CFR 63.1060 et seq.)
Subpart XX National Emission Standards for Ethylene Manufacturing Process Units: Heat Exchange Systems and Waste Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.1080 et seq.)
Subpart YY National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Generic MACT (ref. 40 CFR 63.1100 et seq.)
Subpart CCC National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Steel Pickling - HCL Process Facilities and Hydrochloric Acid Regeneration Plants (ref. 40 CFR 63.1155 et seq.)
Subpart DDD National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Mineral Wool Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.1175 et seq.)
Subpart EEE National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors (ref. 40 CFR 63.1211 et seq.)
Subpart GGG National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Pharmaceuticals Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.1250 et seq.)
Subpart HHH National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Natural Gas Transmission and Storage Facilities (ref. 40 CFR 63.1270 et seq.)
Subpart III National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.1290 et seq.)
Subpart JJJ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Emissions: Group IV Polymers and Resins (ref. 40 CFR 63.1310 et seq.)
Subpart LLL National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry (ref. 40 CFR 63.1340 et seq.)
Subpart MMM National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Pesticide Active Ingredient Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.1360 et seq.)
Subpart NNN National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.1380 et seq.)
Subpart OOO National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins (ref. 40 CFR 63.1400 et seq.)
Subpart PPP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Polyether Polyols Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.1420 et seq.)
Subpart QQQ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Copper Smelting (ref. 40 CFR 63.1440 et seq.)
Subpart RRR National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Secondary Aluminum Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.1500 et seq.)
Subpart TTT National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Smelting (ref. 40 CFR 63.1541 et seq.)
Subpart UUU National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (ref. 40 CFR 63.1560 et seq.)
Subpart VVV National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Publicly Owned Treatment Works (ref. 40 CFR 63.1580 et seq.)
Subpart XXX National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Ferroalloys Production: Ferromanganese and Silicomanganese (ref. 40 CFR 63.1650 et seq.)
Subpart AAAA National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (ref. 40 CFR 63.1930 et seq.)
Subpart CCCC National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Manufacturing of Nutritional Yeast (ref. 40 CFR 63.2130 et seq.)
Subpart DDDD National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Plywood and Composite Wood Products (ref. 40 CFR 63.2230 et seq.)
Subpart EEEE National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Organic Liquids Distribution (Non-Gasoline) (ref. 40 CFR 63.2330 et seq.)
Subpart FFFF National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.2430 et seq.)
Subpart GGGG National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Solvent Extraction for Vegetable Oil Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.2830 et seq.)
Subpart HHHH National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Wet-Formed Fiberglass Mat Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.2980 et seq.)
Subpart IIII National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks (ref. 40 CFR 63.3080 et seq.)
Subpart JJJJ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Paper and Other Web Coating (ref. 40 CFR 63.3280 et seq.)
Subpart KKKK National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Cans (ref. 40 CFR 63.3480 et seq.)
Subpart MMMM National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (ref. 40 CFR 63.3880 et seq.)
Subpart NNNN National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Large Appliances (ref. 40 CFR 63.4080 et seq.)
Subpart OOOO National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles (ref. 40 CFR 63.4280 et seq.)
Subpart PPPP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products (ref. 40 CFR 63.4480 et seq.)
Subpart QQQQ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Wood Building Products (ref. 40 CFR 63.4680 et seq.)
Subpart RRRR National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Furniture (ref. 40 CFR 63.4880 et seq.)
Subpart SSSS National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Metal Coil (ref. 40 CFR 63.5080 et seq.)
Subpart TTTT National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Leather Tanning and Finishing Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.5280 et seq.)
Subpart UUUU National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Cellulose Products Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.5480 et seq.)
Subpart VVVV National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.5680 et seq.)
Subpart WWWW National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.5780 et seq.)
Subpart XXXX National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.5980 et seq.)
Subpart YYYY National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary Combustion Turbines (ref. 40 CFR 63.6080 et seq.)
Subpart ZZZZ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (ref. 40 CFR 63.6580 et seq.)
Subpart AAAAA National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Lime Manufacturing Plants (ref. 40 CFR 63.7080 et seq.)
Subpart BBBBB National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Semiconductor Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.7180 et seq.)
Subpart CCCCC National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks (ref. 40 CFR 63.7280 et seq.)
Subpart DDDDD National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters (ref. 40 CFR 63.7480 et seq.)
Subpart EEEEE National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Iron and Steel Foundries (ref. 40 CFR 63.7680 et seq.)
Subpart FFFFF National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing Facilities (ref. 40 CFR 63.7780 et seq.)
Subpart GGGGG National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Site Remediation (ref. 40 CFR 63.7880 et seq.)
Subpart HHHHH National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.7980 et seq.)
Subpart IIIII National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions from Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants (ref. 40 CFR 63.8180 et seq.)
Subpart JJJJJ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Brick and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.8380 et seq.)
Subpart KKKKK National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.8530 et seq.)
Subpart LLLLL National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.8680 et seq.)
Subpart MMMMM National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Flexible Polyurethane Foam Fabrication Operations (ref. 40 CFR 63.8780 et seq.)
Subpart NNNNN National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Hydrochloric Acid Production (ref. 40 CFR 63.8980 et seq.)
Subpart PPPPP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Engine Test Cells/Stands (ref. 40 CFR 63.9280 et seq.)
Subpart QQQQQ National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Friction Materials Manufacturing Facilities (ref. 40 CFR 63.9480 et seq.)
Subpart RRRRR National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Taconite Iron Ore Processing (ref. 40 CFR 63.9580 et seq.)
Subpart SSSSS National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Refractory Products Manufacturing (ref. 40 CFR 63.9780 et seq.)
Subpart TTTTT National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Magnesium Refining (ref. 40 CFR 63.9880 et seq.)
Appendix A Test Methods (ref. 40 CFR 63, Appendix A)
Appendix B Sources Defined for Early Reduction Provisions (ref. 40 CFR 63, Appendix B)
Appendix C Determination of the Fraction Biodegraded in a Biological Treatment Unit (ref. 40 CFR 63, Appendix C)
Appendix D Alternative Validation procedure for EPA Waste and Wastewater Methods (ref. 40 CFR 63, Appendix D)
Appendix E Monitoring Procedures for Nonthoroughly Mixed Open Biological Treatment Systems at Kraft Pulp Mills Under Unsafe Sampling Conditions (ref. 40 CFR 63, Appendix E)
(b) Exceptions to 40 CFR Part 63 adoption by reference.
(i) The term "administrator" in 40 CFR Part 63 includes the Executive Director of the Agency.
(ii) The following subparts of 40 CFR Part 63 are not adopted by reference:
(A) Subpart C, List of Hazardous Air Pollutants, Petition Process, Lesser Quantity Designations, Source Category List;
(B) Subpart E, Approval of State Programs and Delegation of Federal Authorities; and
(C) Subpart M, National Perchloroethylene Emission Standards for Dry Cleaning Facilities - as it applies to nonmajor sources.
(6) Consolidated requirements for the synthetic organic
chemical manufacturing industry. (SOCMI) 40 CFR Part 65, as
in effect on July 1, ((2002)) 2006, is adopted by reference.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 03-21-045, filed 10/9/03,
effective 11/9/03)
SWCAA 400-101 Emission Units Exempt from Registration
Requirements
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW, and 70.94.163 RCW. Original Board adoption 12/17/68 (Regulation 1 Sec 4.08); Amended by Board 10/29/69 (Regulation 2 Sec 3.03); Amended by Board 12/18/79 (400-100(3)); Amended by Board 12/18/79; Amended by Board 4/17/84; 93-21-004 filed 10/7/93, effective 11/8/93; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 96-21-099 filed 10/21/96, effective 11/21/96; 99-07-028 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-056 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03]
(1) The emission units listed in subsection (4) of this
section are exempt from the registration requirements of SWCAA
400-100. If an exempt emission unit is located at a
"stationary source" that is otherwise required to be
registered, the Agency may require that the exempt emission
unit be included in the "stationary source" registration. If
an exempt emission unit is located at a Title V facility, it
must be included in the facility's Title V permit in
accordance with Chapter 173-401 WAC.
(a) The owner or operator of any emission unit exempted from registration under this section shall maintain documentation sufficient to verify that the emission unit is entitled to exemption under this section.
(b) Any emission unit exempted from registration under this section shall also be considered exempt from the requirements of SWCAA 400-046, 400-110, 400-111, 400-112, 400-113 and 400-114, except as provided in SWCAA 400-110 (2)(b).
(2) Wherever a "stationary source" has multiple emission units, which are similar in function and purpose, exemption status shall be determined based on aggregate capacity (e.g., horsepower, Btu per hour, airflow, etc.) or the aggregate emissions of similar emission units.
(3) An exemption for an entire "stationary source" shall be valid only if the emissions from all emission units at that site or facility are less than all of the applicable exemption thresholds listed below. Whenever a "stationary source" exemption is determined by the quantity of annual emissions (tons per year), an emission unit's uncontrolled potential to emit shall be used as the basis for exemption.
| Pollutant | Exemption Threshold | |
| Criteria pollutants and VOC | 1.0 tpy, combined | |
| Lead | 0.005 tpy | |
| Ozone depleting substances | 1.0 tpy, combined | |
| Toxic air pollutants | 1.0 tpy (combined) or less than the applicable SQER as specified in Chapter 173-460 WAC, whichever is less. |
(a) Asphalt roofing and application equipment (not manufacturing or storage equipment).
(b) Fuel burning equipment unless waste-derived fuel is burned, which is used solely for a private dwelling serving less than five families.
(c) Insecticide, pesticide or fertilizer spray equipment.
(d) Laundering devices, dryers, extractors or tumblers for fabrics using water solutions of bleach and/or detergents.
(e) Portable, manually operated welding, brazing or soldering equipment when used at locations other than the owner's principal place of business.
(f) Welding stations involved solely in the repair and maintenance of a facility. This exemption does not extend to manufacturing operations where welding is an integral part of the manufacturing process.
(g) Food preparation facilities, establishments or equipment (e.g., restaurants).
(h) Retail paint sales establishments (not including manufacturing).
(i) Sampling connections used exclusively to withdraw materials for laboratory analyses and testing.
(j) Sewing equipment.
(k) Spray painting or blasting equipment used at a temporary location to clean or paint bridges, water towers, buildings, or other structures.
(l) Chemical and physical laboratory operations or equipment, including fume hoods and vacuum producing devices provided the emissions do not exceed those listed in SWCAA 400-101(3). This exemption applies to incidental fume hoods or laboratory equipment used by a "stationary source" to perform in-house analyses that do not exceed the small quantity thresholds specified in SWCAA 400-101(3). This exemption does not apply to "stationary sources" whose primary activity is chemical or physical laboratory operations.
(m) Residential wood heaters.
(n) Office equipment, operations and supplies.
(o) Internal combustion equipment including diesel engines used for standby emergency power generation with a maximum aggregate power rating less than 200 horsepower.
(p) Steam cleaning equipment used exclusively for that purpose.
(q) Refrigeration systems that are not in air pollution control service.
(r) Housekeeping activities and equipment.
(s) Natural draft hoods, natural draft stacks, or natural draft ventilators for sanitary and storm drains, safety valves and storage tanks.
(t) Natural and forced air vents and stacks for bathroom/toilet facilities.
(u) Personal care activities.
(v) Lawn and landscaping activities.
(w) Flares used to indicate danger to the public.
(x) Fire fighting and similar safety equipment and equipment used to train fire fighters.
(y) Materials and equipment used by, and activities related to, operation of an infirmary provided that operation of an infirmary is not the primary business activity at the "stationary source" in question.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 03-21-045, filed 10/9/03,
effective 11/9/03)
SWCAA 400-111 Requirements for New Sources in a Maintenance
Plan Area
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW. Original Board adoption 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 96-21-099 filed 10/21/96, effective 11/21/96; 99-07-028 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-056 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03]
For the purposes of this section, "major modification,"
"major stationary source," "net emissions increase," and
"significant," shall have the same meaning as the definitions
found in SWCAA 400-030, subsections (60)(a), (61)(a), (71)(a)
and (107)(a) respectively.
An air discharge permit application to establish a "new source", install or replace an "emission unit" or make a modification to a "stationary source" in an area that is covered by a maintenance plan, shall result in the issuance of an air discharge permit or other regulatory order, which contains such conditions as are reasonably necessary to assure the maintenance of compliance with this section. "New sources", new "emission units" or modifications within a designated maintenance plan area, including "stationary sources" that emit VOC or NOx in a designated ozone maintenance plan area, shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Emission standards. The proposed "new source" or modification shall:
(a) Comply with all applicable New Source Performance Standards, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories, emission standards adopted under Chapter 70.94 RCW, and the applicable emission standards of the Agency; and
(b) Not cause any ambient air quality standard as provided in SWCAA 400-113(3) to be violated; and
(c) Not violate the requirements for reasonable further progress established by the Washington State Implementation Plan; and
(d) Minimize emissions to the extent that the "new source" or modification will not delay the attainment date for a nonattainment area, exceed emission levels or other requirements provided in a maintenance plan for an area that was previously identified as a nonattainment area, nor cause or contribute to a violation of any ambient air quality standard.
(2) Control Technology Requirements - BACT/LAER. Except
as provided ((in subsection (7) of this section)) below, the
owner or operator of the proposed "new source", "emission
unit" or modification shall apply BACT for each pollutant. In
the case of a modification, the requirement for BACT shall
apply to each new or modified emission unit which increases
emissions. For phased construction projects, the
determination of BACT shall be reviewed at the latest
reasonable time prior to commencement of construction of each
independent phase. If a violation of an ozone ambient air
quality standard or a second violation of the CO ambient air
quality standard has occurred, the Agency may require the
application of LAER for the maintenance pollutant(s) and any
pollutant for which the proposed "new source" or modification
is major.
(3) Source compliance. The owner or operator of the proposed "new source", "emission unit" or modification shall certify that all "stationary sources" owned or operated by such person (or by an entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such person) in Washington are in compliance or on a schedule for compliance, with all applicable emission limitations and standards under the Washington Clean Air Act Chapter 70.94 RCW).
(4) Alternative analysis.
(a) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the owner or operator of a proposed "major stationary source" or "major modification" shall conduct an alternatives analysis;
(b) This analysis shall include an evaluation of alternative sites, sizes, production processes, and environmental control techniques for such proposed "stationary source" or modification that demonstrates that benefits of the proposed "stationary source" or modification significantly outweigh the environmental and social costs imposed as a result of its location, construction or modification;
(c) This analysis shall not be required for a "major stationary source" or "major modification" that is subject to this rule due to emissions of particulate matter in a designated TSP maintenance area.
(((4) Offsets or growth allowance. The owner or operator
of a proposed new "major stationary source" or "major
modification" shall provide offsets as specified in subsection
(8) of this section. Except as provided in subsection (7) of
this section, the requirements of this section may be met in
whole or in part in an ozone maintenance plan area with an
allocation by SWCAA from a growth allowance, if available, in
accordance with subsection (8) of this section and the
applicable maintenance plan in the SIP adopted by the Board
and approved by EPA.
(5) Net air quality benefit. For cases in which emission reduction or offsets are required in accordance with subsection (4) above, the applicant shall demonstrate that a net air quality benefit will be achieved in the maintenance plan area. If the proposed "new source" or modification is major for the contaminant for which the area has a maintenance plan, allowable emissions of the maintenance pollutant from the proposed "new source" or modification shall be offset by reductions in actual emissions of the maintenance pollutant. All offsetting emission reductions must satisfy the requirements of subsection (8).
(6) Alternative analysis.
(a) Except as provided in subsection (6)(c) of this section, the owner or operator of a proposed "major stationary source" or "major modification" shall conduct an alternatives analysis;
(b) This analysis shall include an evaluation of alternative sites, sizes, production processes, and environmental control techniques for such proposed "stationary source" or modification that demonstrates that benefits of the proposed "stationary source" or modification significantly outweigh the environmental and social costs imposed as a result of its location, construction or modification;
(c) This analysis shall not be required for a "major stationary source" or "major modification" that is subject to this rule due to emissions of particulate matter in a designated TSP maintenance area.
(7) Contingency plan requirements. If the contingency plan in an applicable maintenance plan (CO or ozone) has been triggered due to a violation of an ozone ambient air quality standard or a second violation of the CO ambient air quality standard, this section shall apply in addition to other requirements of this rule and the applicable approved maintenance plan adopted by the Board and approved by EPA as a revision to the SIP.
(a) A proposed "major stationary source" or "major modification," must achieve LAER for the maintenance pollutant(s) and any pollutant for which the proposed "new source" or modification is major.
(b) An allocation from a growth allowance shall not be used to meet the requirement for offsets in subsection (4) of this section. The growth allowance emissions shall be unavailable until a sufficient demonstration is made to reinstate the growth allowance emissions, the Board adopts a revised maintenance plan, and EPA approves it as a SIP revision.))
(((8))) (5) Emission offsets and industrial growth
allowances ((and offset allocation)). The owner or operator
of a proposed new "major stationary source" or "major
modification" shall provide emission offsets that satisfy the
requirements of this section. Except as provided in
subsection (a) of this section, the offset requirements of
this section may be met in whole, or in part, by an allocation
from an industrial growth allowance, if available.
(((a))) Industrial growth allowances for "stationary
sources" in a maintenance plan area are identified in and
governed by the Washington SIP and the maintenance plan for
the applicable maintenance plan area. All growth allowance
allocations for the maintenance plan areas within the Agency's
jurisdiction shall be made in accordance with this section.
(((b))) (a) ((The)) Available growth allowances
((emissions)) may be increased or decreased as provided in a
revision to the maintenance plan submitted to and approved by
EPA. ((In the event of a confirmed ozone violation, the
growth allowance for VOC and NOx emissions shall be eliminated
and "new sources" shall be required to implement LAER and
offsets. Growth allowance emissions may be reinstated as
provided in the EPA approved maintenance plan.)) If a
violation of an ozone ambient air quality standard or a second
violation of the CO ambient air quality standard has occurred,
the Agency may suspend the use of growth allowances, and
require the proposed new "major stationary source" or "major
modification" to provide offsets as described in subsection
(c) below.
(((c))) (b) The owner or operator of a proposed new
"major stationary source" or "major modification" emitting
VOCs, ((or)) NOx, or CO may obtain a portion of any remaining
emissions in the respective growth allowance in accordance
with the following process:
(i) Access is on a first-come-first-served basis, based on the date of a complete application and allowance allocation request;
(ii) Growth allowances shall be used to satisfy offset requirements at a ratio of 1 to 1 for new VOC and/or NOx emissions.
(iii) No single "stationary source" may receive an
emissions allocation of more than 50 percent of ((any
remaining)) the available growth allowance, or up to 10.0 tons
per year, whichever is greater. On a case-by-case basis, the
SWCAA Board of Directors may approve an emissions allocation
of greater than 50 percent upon consideration of the
following:
(A) Information submitted by the "stationary source" to SWCAA justifying its request for exceeding the 50 percent emissions allocation, based on significant economic, employment, or other benefits to the maintenance plan area that will result from the proposed new "major stationary source" or "major modification";
(B) Information provided by SWCAA on other known new "major stationary sources" or "major modifications" seeking an emissions allocation from the same growth allowance; and
(C) Other relevant information submitted by the "stationary source" or SWCAA.
(((iii))) (iv) To avoid jeopardizing maintenance of the
ozone standard during the interim years of the ozone
maintenance plan, SWCAA ((shall allocate only a portion of))
may limit the quantity of VOC and NOx growth allowances made
available each year. SWCAA will track use of VOC and NOx
allocations from the growth allowances. ((The amount of the
growth allowance that can be allocated each year is identified
in the applicable ozone maintenance plan.))
(((iv))) (v) The amount of the CO growth allowance that
can be allocated is identified in the applicable CO
maintenance plan, if any.
(((d))) (c) If no emissions remain in the respective
growth allowance, or the ((contingency plan has been triggered
which effectively zeros the)) Agency has suspended the use of
growth allowances, the owner or operator of the proposed
"major stationary source" or "major modification" shall
provide offsets.
(i) A demonstration shall be provided showing that the proposed offsets will improve air quality in the same geographical area affected by the "new source" or modification. This demonstration may require that air quality modeling be conducted according to the procedures specified in 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix W, Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised).
(ii) Offsets for VOCs or nitrogen oxides shall be within the same maintenance plan area as the proposed "stationary source." Offsets for particulate matter, PM10, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and other pollutants may be from inside or outside of the same maintenance plan area.
(iii) "New sources" or modifications shall meet the following offset requirements:
(A) Within a designated maintenance plan area, the offsets shall provide reductions that are equivalent or greater than the proposed increases. The offsets shall be appropriate in terms of short term, seasonal, and yearly time periods to mitigate the impacts of the proposed emissions;
(B) Outside a designated maintenance plan area, owners or operators of "new sources" or modifications which have a significant air quality impact on the maintenance plan area as provided in SWCAA 400-113(3) shall provide emission offsets which are sufficient to reduce impacts to levels below the significant air quality impact level within the maintenance plan area; and
(C) The emission reductions must provide for a net air quality benefit.
(I) New "major stationary sources" within an ozone maintenance plan area shall:
(a) Offset the new VOC emissions at a ratio of 1.1 to 1, if the VOC emissions exceed either 100 tons per year or 700 pounds per day.
(b) Offset the new NOx emissions at a ratio of 1.1 to 1, if the NOx emissions exceed either 100 tons per year or 700 pounds per day.
(II) "Stationary sources" within an ozone maintenance plan area undergoing "major modifications" shall:
(a) Offset the entire VOC emissions increase at a ratio of 1.1 to 1, if such increase exceeds either 40 tons per year or 290 pounds per day.
(b) Offset the entire NOx emissions increase at a ratio of 1.1 to 1, if such increase exceeds either 40 tons per year or 290 pounds per day.
(III) New "major stationary sources" within a carbon monoxide maintenance plan area shall:
(a) Offset the new carbon monoxide emissions at a ratio of 1 to 1, if the carbon monoxide emissions exceed either 100 tons per year or 700 pounds per day.
(IV) "Stationary sources" within a carbon monoxide maintenance plan area undergoing "major modifications" shall:
(a) Offset the entire carbon monoxide emissions increase at a ratio of 1 to 1, if such increase exceeds either 100 tons per year or 700 pounds per day.
(((D) New "major stationary sources" or "major
modifications" with CO emissions greater than 250 tons per
year are required to obtain offsets.))
(iv) Emission reductions shall be of the same type of pollutant as the emissions from the "new source" or modification. Sources of PM10 shall be offset with particulate in the same size range.
(v) Emission reductions shall be contemporaneous, that is, the reductions shall take effect prior to the time of startup but not more than two years prior to the submittal of a complete application for the "new source" or modification. This time limitation may be extended through banking, as provided in SWCAA 400-130, 400-131 and 400-136 for banking activities approved after the effective date of this regulation. In the case of replacement facilities, SWCAA may allow simultaneous operation of the old and new facilities during the startup period of the new facility provided that emissions do not exceed the new emission limits.
(vi) Offsets for new "major stationary sources" or "major modifications" in a maintenance plan area shall meet the following requirements:
(A) The proposed new level of allowable emissions of the "stationary source" or emission unit providing the reduction must be less than the current level of actual emissions of that "stationary source" or emission unit. No emission reduction can be credited for actual emissions that exceed the current allowable emissions of the "stationary source" or emission unit providing the reduction. Emission reductions imposed by local, state, or federal regulations, regulatory orders or permits cannot be credited.
(B) If the offsets are provided by another "stationary source," the reductions in emissions from that "stationary source" must be federally enforceable by the time the new or modified "stationary source" commences operation. The "new source" may not commence operation before the date such reductions are actually achieved. SWCAA may allow simultaneous operation of the old and new facilities during the startup period of the new facility provided that the facilitywide emissions do not exceed the new emission limit.
(9) PSD applicability. If the proposed "new source" is a
"major stationary source" or the proposed modification is a
"major modification" for the purposes of the PSD program as
described in WAC 173-400-((141))700 through 173-400-750, the
"new source" or modification shall meet the requirements of
that program for all pollutants. For maintenance plan
pollutants, the "new source" shall meet all PSD requirements
in addition to the requirements of this section.
(10) Toxics. If the proposed "new source" or modification will emit any toxic air pollutants regulated under Chapter 173-460 WAC, the "new source" shall meet all applicable requirements of that regulation.
(11) Visibility. If the proposed "new source" is a "major stationary source" or the proposed modification is a "major modification," the "new source" shall meet all the visibility protection requirements of WAC 173-400-117.
(12) Noncompliance. Noncompliance with any emission limit, test requirement, reporting requirement or other requirement identified in a regulatory order issued pursuant to this section shall be considered a violation of this section.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
Reviser's note: The typographical error in the above material occurred in the copy filed by the Southwest Clean Air Agency and appears in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 03-21045 [03-21-045], filed
10/9/03, effective 11/9/03)
SWCAA 400-113 Requirements for New Sources in Attainment or
Nonclassifiable Areas
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW. Original Board adoption 12/17/68 (Regulation 1 Sec 3); Amended by Board 12/18/79; Amended by Board 8/18/81; Amended by Board 3/20/84; Renumbered from 400-110 93-21-004 filed 10/7/93, effective 11/8/93; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 96-21-099 filed 10/21/96, effective 11/21/96; 99-07-028 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-056 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03]
For the purposes of this section, "major modification,"
"major stationary source," "net emissions increase," and
"significant," shall have the same meaning as the definitions
found in SWCAA 400-030, subsections (60)(b), (61)(b), (71)(b)
and (107)(b) respectively.
An air discharge permit application to establish a "new source", install or replace an "emission unit" or make a modification to a "stationary source" in an area that is in attainment or unclassifiable for any air contaminant the proposed "new source" would emit, and that is in attainment or unclassifiable for ozone if the proposed new or modified "stationary source" would emit VOC or NOx, shall result in the issuance of an air discharge permit or other regulatory order, which contains such conditions as are reasonably necessary to assure the maintenance of compliance with this section. The air discharge permit or other regulatory order shall not be issued until the "new source", "emission unit" or modification meets the following requirements:
(1) The proposed "new source", "emission unit" or modification shall comply with all applicable New Source Performance Standards, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for source categories, emission standards adopted under Chapter 70.94 RCW and the applicable emission standards of the Agency.
(2) The proposed "new source" or modification shall employ BACT for all pollutants not previously emitted or whose emissions would increase as a result of the "new source" or modification.
(3) Allowable emissions from the proposed "new source", "emission unit" or modification shall not delay the attainment date for an area not in attainment nor cause or contribute to a violation of any ambient air quality standard. This requirement will be met if the projected impact of the allowable emissions from the proposed "new source" or the projected impact of the increase in allowable emissions from the proposed modification at any location within a nonattainment or maintenance plan area does not exceed the following impact levels for the pollutant(s) for which the area has been designated nonattainment or maintenance:
| Pollutant | Annual Average |
24-Hour Average |
8-Hour Average |
3-Hour Average |
1-Hour Average |
|||||
| CO | - | - | 0.5 mg/m3 | - | 2 mg/m3 | |||||
| SO2 | 1.0 µg/m3 | 5 µg/m3 | - | 25 µg/m3 | 30 µg/m3 | |||||
| PM10 | 1.0 µg/m3 | 5 µg/m3 | - | - | - | |||||
| NO2 | 1.0 µg/m3 | - | - | - | - | |||||
(4) If the proposed "new source" is a "major stationary
source" or the proposed modification is a "major
modification", it shall meet all applicable requirements of
WAC 173-400-((141))700 through 173-400-750.
(5) If the proposed "new source" or the proposed modification will emit any toxic air pollutants regulated under Chapter 173-460 WAC, it shall meet all applicable requirements of that chapter.
(6) If the proposed "new source" is a "major stationary source," or the proposed modification is a "major modification," it shall meet the special protection requirements for federal Class I areas found in WAC 173-400-117.
(7) Noncompliance with any emission limit, test requirement, reporting requirement or other requirement identified in a regulatory order issued pursuant to this section shall be considered a violation of this section.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
Reviser's note: The bracketed material preceding the section above was supplied by the code reviser's office.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 05-23-066, filed 11/15/05,
effective 12/16/05)
SWCAA 400-115 Standards of Performance for New Sources
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW. Originally adopted by Board 12/18/79; Amended by Board 4/17/84 (renumbered to 400-135); Amended by Board 12/16/86; 93-16-007 filed 7/22/93, effective 8/22/93; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 96-21-099 filed 10/21/96, effective 11/21/96; 99-07-028 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-057 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03; 05-23-066 filed 11/15/05, effective 12/16/05]
(1) Adoption by reference. The standards of performance
for "new sources" presented in 40 CFR Part 60 and appendices
as in effect on July 1, ((2005)) 2006 are adopted by
reference. The term "Administrator" in 40 CFR Part 60 shall
mean the Administrator of EPA and the Control Officer of the
Agency. Exceptions to this adoption by reference are listed
in subsection (2).
The following list of affected subparts is provided for informational purposes:
Subpart A General provisions (ref. 40 CFR 60.1 et seq.)
Subpart D Fossil fuel-fired steam generators for which construction is commenced after August 17, 1971, and prior to September 19, 1978, which have a heat input greater than 73 megawatts but not greater than 250 megawatts (ref. 40 CFR 60.40 et seq.)
Subpart Da Electric utility steam generating units for which construction commenced after September 18, 1978, which have a heat input greater than 73 megawatts but not greater than 250 megawatts (ref. 40 CFR 60.40a et seq.)
Subpart Db Industrial-commercial-institutional steam generating units for which construction commenced after June 19, 1984, and prior to June 19, 1986, which have a heat input greater than 29 megawatts but less than 73 megawatts (ref. 40 CFR 60.40b et seq.)
Subpart Dc Small industrial-commercial-institutional steam generating units (ref. 40 CFR 60.40c et seq.)
Subpart E Incinerators (ref. 40 CFR 60.50 et seq.)
Subpart Ea Municipal waste combustors for which construction commenced after December 20, 1989 and on or before September 20, 1994 (ref. 40 CFR 60.50a et seq.)
Subpart Eb Large Municipal waste combustors for which construction is commenced after September 20, 1994 or for which Modification of reconstruction is commenced after June 19, 1996 (ref. 40 CFR 60.50b et seq.)
Subpart Ec Hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators for which construction is commenced after June 20, 1996 (ref. 40 CFR 60.50c et seq.)
Subpart F Portland cement plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.60 et seq.)
Subpart G Nitric acid plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.70 et seq.)
Subpart H Sulfuric acid plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.80 et seq.)
Subpart I Hotmix asphalt facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.90 et seq.)
Subpart J Petroleum refineries which produce less than 25,000 barrels per day of refined products (ref. 40 CFR 60.100 et seq.)
Subpart K Storage vessels for petroleum liquid constructed after June 11, 1973, and prior to May 19, 1978, which have a capacity greater than 40,000 gallons (ref. 40 CFR 60.110 et seq.)
Subpart Ka Storage vessels for petroleum liquids for which construction, reconstruction or modification commenced after May 18, 1978, and prior to July 23, 1984 ref. 40 CFR 60.110a et seq.)
Subpart Kb Volatile organic liquid storage vessels (including petroleum liquid storage vessels) constructed, reconstructed, or modified after July 23, 1984 (ref. 40 CFR 60.110b et seq.)
Subpart L Secondary lead smelters (ref. 40 CFR 60.120 et seq.)
Subpart M Brass and bronze ingot production plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.130 et seq.)
Subpart N Iron and steel plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.140 et seq.)
Subpart Na Secondary emissions from basic oxygen process steel making facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.140 et seq.)
Subpart O Sewage treatment plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.150 et seq.)
Subpart P Primary copper smelters (ref. 40 CFR 60.160 et seq.)
Subpart Q Primary zinc smelters (ref. 40 CFR 60.170 et seq.)
Subpart R Primary lead smelters (ref. 40 CFR 60.180 et seq.)
Subpart S Primary aluminum reduction plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.190 et seq.)
Subpart T Phosphate fertilizer industry: Wet process phosphoric acid plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.200 et seq.)
Subpart U Phosphate fertilizer industry: Superphosphoric acid plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.210 et seq.)
Subpart V Phosphate fertilizer industry: Diammonium phosphate plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.220 et seq.)
Subpart W Phosphate fertilizer industry: Triple superphosphate plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.230 et seq.)
Subpart X Phosphate fertilizer industry: Granular triple superphosphate storage facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.240 et seq.)
Subpart Y Coal preparation plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.250 et seq.)
Subpart Z Ferroalloy production facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.260 et seq.)
Subpart AA Steel plants: Electric arc furnaces (ref. 40 CFR 60.270 et seq.)
Subpart AAa Steel plants: Electric arc furnaces and argon-oxygen decarburization vessels (ref. 40 CFR 60.270a et seq.)
Subpart BB Kraft pulp mills (ref. 40 CFR 60.280 et seq.)
Subpart CC Glass manufacturing plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.290 et seq.)
Subpart DD Grain elevators (ref. 40 CFR 60.300 et seq.)
Subpart EE Industrial surface coating: metal furniture (ref. 40 CFR 60.310 et seq.)
Subpart GG Stationary gas turbines (ref. 40 CFR 60.330 et seq.)
Subpart HH Lime manufacturing plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.340 et seq.)
Subpart KK Lead-acid battery plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.370 et seq.)
Subpart LL Metallic mineral processing plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.380 et seq.)
Subpart MM Automobile and light duty truck surface coating operations (ref. 40 CFR 60.390 et seq.)
Subpart NN Phosphate rock plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.400 et seq.)
Subpart PP Ammonium sulfate manufacture (ref. 40 CFR 60.420 et seq.)
Subpart QQ Publication rotogravure printing (ref. 40 CFR 60.430 et seq.)
Subpart RR Pressure sensitive tape and label surface coating operations (ref. 40 CFR 60.440 et seq.)
Subpart SS Industrial surface coating: Large appliances (ref. 40 CFR 60.450 et seq.)
Subpart TT Industrial surface coating: Metal coils (ref. 40 CFR 60.460 et seq.)
Subpart UU Asphalt processing and asphalt roofing manufacture (ref. 40 CFR 60.470 et seq.)
Subpart VV Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry equipment leaks (VOC) (ref. 40 CFR 60.480 et seq.)
Subpart WW Beverage can surface coating operations (ref. 40 CFR 60.490 et seq.)
Subpart XX Bulk gasoline terminals (ref. 40 CFR 60.500 et seq.)
Subpart AAA New residential wood heaters (ref. 40 CFR 60.530 et seq.)
Subpart BBB Rubber tire manufacturing industry (ref. 40 CFR 60.540 et seq.)
Subpart DDD VOC emissions from the polymer manufacturing industry (ref. 40 CFR 60.560 et seq.)
Subpart FFF Flexible vinyl and urethane coating and printing (ref. 40 CFR 60.580 et seq.)
Subpart GGG Petroleum refineries - compressors and fugitive emission sources (ref. 40 CFR 60.590 et seq.)
Subpart HHH Synthetic fiber production facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.600 et seq.)
Subpart III VOC emissions from Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry air oxidation unit processes (ref. 40 CFR 60.610 et seq.)
Subpart JJJ Petroleum dry cleaners (ref. 40 CFR 60.620 et seq.)
Subpart KKK Equipment leaks of VOC from onshore natural gas processing plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.630 et seq.)
Subpart LLL Onshore natural gas processing; SO2 emissions (ref. 40 CFR 60.640 et seq.)
Subpart NNN VOC emissions from Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry distillation operations (ref. 40 CFR 60.660 et seq.)
Subpart OOO Nonmetallic mineral processing plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.670 et seq.)
Subpart PPP Wool fiberglass insulation manufacturing plants (ref. 40 CFR 60.680 et seq.)
Subpart QQQ VOC emissions from petroleum refinery waste water emissions (ref. 40 CFR 60.690 et seq.)
Subpart RRR Volatile organic compound emissions from synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry (SOCMI) reactor processes (ref. 40 CFR 60.700 et seq.)
Subpart SSS Magnetic tape coating facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.710 et seq.)
Subpart TTT Industrial surface coating: Surface coating of plastic parts for business machines (ref. 40 CFR 60.720 et seq.)
Subpart UUU Calciners and dryers in mineral industries (ref. 40 CFR 60.730 et seq.)
Subpart VVV Polymeric coating of supporting substrates facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.740 et seq.)
Subpart WWW Municipal solid waste landfills constructed, reconstructed or modified on or after May 30, 1991 (See SWCAA 400-070(8) for rules regulating MSW landfills constructed or modified before May 30, 1991) (ref. 40 CFR 60.750 et seq.)
Subpart AAAA Small municipal waste combustion units constructed after August 30, 1999, or modified or reconstructed after June 6, 2001 (ref. 40 CFR 60.1000 et seq.) (See SWCAA 400-050(5) for rules regulating small municipal waste combustion units constructed on or before August 30, 1999)
Subpart CCCC Commercial and industrial solid waste incinerators constructed after November 30, 1999; or modified or reconstructed on or after June 1, 2001 (ref. 40 CFR 60.2000 et seq.) (See SWCAA 400-050(4) for rules regulating commercial and industrial solid waste incinerators constructed on or before November 30, 1999)
Subpart EEEE Standards of Performance for Other Solid Waste Incineration Unit for Which Construction is Commenced After December 9, 2004, or for Which Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced on or After June 16, 2006. (ref. 40 CFR 60.2880 et seq.)
Subpart FFFF Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction on or Before December 9, 2004 (ref. 40 CFR 60.2980 et seq.)
Subpart HHHH Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Coal-fired Electric Steam Generating Units (ref. 40 CFR 60.4101 et seq.)
Subpart KKKK Standards of Performance for Stationary Combustion Turbines (ref. 40 CFR 60.4300 et seq.)
Appendix A Test methods (ref. 40 CFR 60, Appendix A)
Appendix B Performance specifications (ref. 40 CFR 60, Appendix B)
Appendix C Determination of emission rate change (ref. 40 CFR 60, Appendix C)
Appendix D Required emission inventory information (ref. 40 CFR 60, Appendix D)
Appendix F Quality assurance procedures (ref. 40 CFR 60, Appendix F)
Appendix I Removable label and owner's manual (ref. 40 CFR 60, Appendix I)
Note: Pursuant to RCW 80.50.020(14), larger energy facilities subject to subparts D, Da, GG, J, K, Kb, Y, KKK, LLL, and
QQQ are regulated by the energy facility site evaluation council (EFSEC) under WAC 463-39-115.
(2) Exceptions. The following sections and subparts of
40 CFR 60 are not adopted by reference:
(a) 40 CFR 60.5 Determination of construction or modification
(b) 40 CFR 60.6 Review of plans
(c) Subpart B Adoption and Submittal of State Plans for Designated Facilities (ref. 40 CFR 60.20 et seq.)
(d) Subpart C Emission guidelines and compliance times (ref. 40 CFR 60.30 et seq.)
(e) Subpart Cb Emissions guidelines and compliance times for large municipal waste combustors that are constructed on or before September 20, 1994 (ref. 40 CFR 60.b et seq.)
(f) Subpart Cc Emission guidelines and compliance times for municipal solid waste landfills (ref. 40 CFR 60.30c et seq.)
(g) Subpart Cd Emissions guidelines and compliance times for sulfuric acid production units (ref. 40 CFR 60.30d et seq.)
(h) Subpart Ce Emission guidelines and compliance times for hospital/medical/infectious waste incinerators (ref. 40 CFR 60.30e et seq.)
(i) Subpart BBBB Emission guidelines and compliance times for small municipal waste combustion units constructed on or before august 30, 1999 (ref. 40 CFR 60.1500 et seq.)
Note: These sources are regulated under SWCAA 400-050(4)
(j) Subpart DDDD Emissions guidelines and compliance
times for commercial and industrial solid waste incineration
units that commenced construction on or before November 30,
1999 (ref. 40 CFR 60.2500 et seq.)
Note: These sources are regulated under SWCAA 400-050(4)
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
Reviser's note: The typographical errors in the above material occurred in the copy filed by the Southwest Clean Air Agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 03-21-045, filed 10/9/03,
effective 11/9/03)
SWCAA 400-141 Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW. Original Board adoption 93-21-005 filed 10/7/93, effective 11/8/93; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 99-07-029 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-057 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03]
(1) Program adoption. WAC 173-400-((141))700 through
173-400-750, as in effect on ((July 1, 2002)) February 10,
2005, is hereby adopted by reference.
(2) Permitting. The Agency does not currently have
delegated authority from EPA to issue PSD permits. At this
time, all PSD permits in the State of Washington are issued by
Ecology. "Stationary sources" that comply with the provisions
of WAC 173-400-((141))700 through 173-400-750 shall be
considered to have met the permitting requirements of this
section. Affected "stationary sources" shall submit a copy of
PSD application information to the Agency pursuant to WAC 173-400-((141 (3)(b)(iii)))730 (b)(iii).
(3) Monitoring, Recordkeeping and Reporting. Pursuant to
WAC 173-400-((141(4)))720 (4)(b), a PSD applicable "stationary
source" within the Agency's jurisdiction shall submit all
required reports to the Agency.
(4) Enforcement. The Agency shall enforce the
requirements of ((WAC 173-400-141)) Ecology's PSD Program, and
the terms and conditions of PSD permits issued by Ecology to
"stationary sources" within the Agency's jurisdiction.
((The complete text of WAC 173-400-141 is provided below
for informational purposes.
WAC 173-400-141 Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD).
(1) The prevention of significant deterioration or PSD program is a construction permitting program for new major stationary sources and major modifications to existing major stationary sources located in areas in attainment or in areas that are unclassifiable for any criteria air pollutant. No major stationary source or major modification to which the requirements of this section apply shall begin actual construction without a PSD permit.
(2) Early planning encouraged. In order to develop an appropriate application, the source should engage in an early planning process to assess the needs of the facility. An opportunity for a preapplication meeting with ecology is available when ecology is the permitting agency.
(3) Application.
(a) The PSD application is a form of a notice of construction application and the PSD permit is a form of an approval order.
(b) The applicant shall provide complete copies of its PSD application, distributed in the following manner:
(i) Three copies shall be sent to the permitting agency. If ecology is the permitting agency, copies must be sent to the Air Quality Program at P.O. Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504-7600.
(ii) One copy shall be sent to each of the following federal land managers:
(A) U.S. Department of the Interior - National Park Service; and
(B) U.S. Department of Agriculture - U.S. Forest Service.
(iii) If the local authority is not the permitting agency and the project lies within the territory of a local authority, one copy shall be sent to the authority in whose territory the source is located.
(iv) One copy shall be sent to EPA.
(c) Ecology shall provide the names and addresses of the federal land managers.
(4) Enforcement. Ecology or the permitting agency with authority over the source under Chapter 173-401 WAC, the Operating permit regulation, shall receive all required reports and enforce the conditions in the PSD permit.
(5) Applicable requirements. A PSD permit must comply with the following requirements:
(a) WAC 173-400-110 - New source review;
(b) WAC 173-400-113 - Requirements for new sources in attainment or unclassifiable areas;
(c) WAC 173-400-117 - Special protection requirements for federal Class I areas;
(d) WAC 173-400-171 - Public involvement; and
(e) The following subparts of 40 CFR 52.21, in effect on July 1, 2000, which are adopted by reference. Exceptions are listed in (5)(e)(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv):
40 CFR 52.21(b) Definitions.
40 CFR 52.21(c) Ambient air increments.
40 CFR 52.21(d) Ambient air ceilings.
40 CFR 52.21(h) Stack heights.
40 CFR 52.21(i) Review of major stationary sources and major modifications-source applicability and exemptions.
40 CFR 52.21(j) Control technology review.
40 CFR 52.21(k) Source impact analysis.
40 CFR 52.21(l) Air quality models.
40 CFR 52.21(m) Air quality analysis.
40 CFR 52.21(n) Source information.
40 CFR 52.21(o)(1) and (2) Additional impact analysis.
40 CFR 52.21(r) Source obligation.
40 CFR 52.21(v) Innovative control technology.
40 CFR 52.21(w) Permit rescission.
(i) Exception to adopting 40 CFR 52.21 by reference. Every use of the word "administrator" in 40 CFR 52.21 means ecology or the authority except for the following:
(A) In 40 CFR 52.21 (b)(17), the definition of federally enforceable, "administrator" means the EPA administrator.
(B) In 40 CFR 52.21 (l)(2), air quality models, "administrator" means the EPA administrator.
(ii) Exception to adopting 40 CFR 52.21 by reference. The following definitions apply to this section instead of the definitions in 40 CFR 52.21(b):
(A) Major modification as defined in WAC 173-400-113;
(B) Major stationary source as defined in WAC 173-400-113;
(C) Net emissions increase as defined in WAC 173-400-113;
(D) Significant as defined in WAC 173-400-113; and
(E) Volatile organic compound as defined WAC 173-400-030.
(iii) Exception to adopting 40 CFR 52.21 by reference. The following definition of "secondary emissions" applies to this section instead of the definition in 40 CFR 52.21 (b)(18): "Secondary emissions" means emissions which would occur as a result of the construction or operation of a major stationary source or major modification, but do not come from the major stationary source or major modification itself. For the purpose of this section, secondary emissions must be specific, well defined, quantifiable, and impact the same general area as the stationary source or modification that causes the secondary emissions. Secondary emissions may include, but are not limited to:
(A) Emissions from ships or trains located at the new or modified stationary source; and
(B) Emissions from any off-site support facility which would not otherwise be constructed or increase its emissions as a result of the construction or operation of the major stationary source or major modification.
(iv) Exception to adopting 40 CFR 52.21 by reference. Each reference in 40 CFR 52.21(i) to "paragraphs (j) through (r) of this section" is amended to state "paragraphs (j) through (n) of this section, paragraphs (o)(1) and (o)(2) of this section, paragraph (r) of this section, WAC 173-400-117 and 173-400-171."
(6) Notifying EPA. The permitting agency shall provide notice to EPA of every action related to consideration of the permit.))
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 03-21-045, filed 10/9/03,
effective 11/9/03)
SWCAA 400-171 Public Involvement
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW. Original Board adoption 93-21-005 filed 10/7/93, effective 11/8/93; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 96-21-100 filed 10/21/96, effective 11/21/96; 99-07-029 filed 3/10/99, effective 4/11/99; 01-05-057 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01; 03-21-045 filed 10/9/03, effective 11/9/03]
(1) Public Notice.
(a) Notice shall be published on the SWCAA Internet website announcing the receipt of air discharge permit applications, nonroad engine permit applications and other proposed actions. Notice shall be published for a minimum of fifteen (15) consecutive days. Publication of a notice on the SWCAA website at the time of application receipt is not required for any application or proposed action that automatically requires a public comment period pursuant to subsection (2) of this section. In the event that publication on the SWCAA Internet website does not occur for the prescribed time period, notice will be published for a minimum of one (1) day in a newspaper of general circulation in the area of the proposed action. Each notice shall, at a minimum, include the following information:
(i) The name and address of the owner or operator and the affected facility;
(ii) A brief description of the proposed action;
(iii) Agency contact information;
(iv) A statement that a public comment period will be provided upon request pursuant to SWCAA 400-171(3); and
(v) The date by which a request for a public comment period is due.
(b) Requests for a public comment period shall be submitted to the Agency in writing via letter, fax, or electronic mail. A public comment period shall be provided pursuant to subsection (3) of this section for any application or proposed action that receives such a request. Any application or proposed action for which a public comment period is not requested may be processed without further public involvement.
(2) Mandatory public comment period.
(a) A public comment period shall be provided pursuant to subsection (3) of this section before approving or denying any of the following:
(i) Any air discharge permit application for a new or modified "stationary source" or emission unit that results in a significant net increase in emissions (actual or potential to emit) of any air contaminant regulated by state or federal law;
(ii) Any use of a modified or substituted air quality model, other than a guideline model in Appendix W of 40 CFR Part 51 (as in effect on July 1, 2002) as part of review under SWCAA 400-046 or 400-110;
(iii) Any order to determine RACT;
(iv) Any order to establish a compliance schedule or a variance. A variance shall be handled as provided in SWCAA 400-180;
(v) Any order to demonstrate the creditable height of a stack which exceeds the GEP formula height and sixty-five meters, by means of a fluid model or a field study, for the purposes of establishing an emission limitation;
(vi) Any order to authorize a bubble;
(vii) Any order used to establish a creditable emission reduction;
(viii) An Order of Discontinuance as provided in SWCAA 400-230 (1)(g);
(ix) Any order issued under SWCAA 400-091 which establishes limitations on a "stationary source's" potential to emit;
(x) Any extension of the deadline to begin actual construction of a "major stationary source" or "major modification" in a nonattainment area;
(((xi) Any change in conditions of an existing air
discharge permit;))
(((xii))) (xi) Any application or other proposed action
which has received a request for public notice pursuant to
subsection (1) of this section; or
(((xiii))) (xii) Any nonroad engine permit application,
air discharge permit application or other proposed action for
which the Control Officer determines there is a substantial
public interest.
(b) Any air discharge permit application designated for integrated review that includes a PSD permit application, an application for a "major modification" in a nonattainment area, or an application for a "major stationary source" in a nonattainment area must also comply with the public notice requirements of WAC 173-400-171.
(3) Public comment period. A public comment period shall be provided only after all information required by the Agency has been submitted and after applicable preliminary determinations, if any, have been made.
(a) Availability for public inspection. The information submitted by the applicant, and any applicable preliminary determinations, including analyses of the effect(s) on air quality, shall be available for public inspection in at least one location near the proposed project. Exemptions from this requirement include information protected from disclosure under any applicable law, including, but not limited to, RCW 70.94.205 and SWCAA 400-270.
(b) Publication of comment period notice. Notice shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the area of the proposed project for a minimum of one (1) day. For applications or actions subject to a public comment period pursuant to subsections (2)(a)(xii) or (2)(a)(xiii) of this section, publication on the SWCAA Internet homepage for a minimum of thirty (30) days may be substituted for newspaper publication. Notice for a public comment period shall include the following information:
(i) The name and address of the owner or operator and the affected facility;
(ii) A brief description of the proposal;
(iii) The location of the documents made available for public inspection;
(iv) Identification of a thirty-day period for submitting written comment to the Agency;
(v) A statement that a public hearing may be held if the Agency determines within a thirty-day period that significant public interest exists;
(vi) The length of the public comment period in the event of a public hearing; and
(vii) For projects subject to special protection requirements for federal Class I areas in WAC 173-400-117 (5)(c), the comment period notice shall explain the Agency's decision.
(c) EPA Notification. A copy of the comment period notice shall be sent to the EPA Region 10 Regional Administrator.
(d) Consideration of public comment. The Agency shall make no final decision on any application or other action for which a public comment period has been provided until the public comment period has ended and any comments received during the public comment period have been considered.
(e) Public hearings. Any person may request a public hearing within the thirty-day public comment period. Each request shall indicate the interest of the party filing it and why a hearing is warranted. The Agency may hold a public hearing if the Control Officer determines significant public interest exists. The Agency will determine the location, date, and time of the public hearing. If a public hearing is held, the public comment period shall extend through the hearing date and thereafter for such period, if any, as the notice of public hearing may specify.
(4) Public involvement for integrated review with an operating permit. Any air discharge permit application designated for integrated review with an application to issue or modify an operating permit shall be processed in accordance with the operating permit program procedures and deadlines (Chapter 173-401 WAC).
(5) Other requirements of law. Whenever procedures permitted or mandated by law will accomplish the objectives of public notice and opportunity for comment, those procedures may be used in lieu of the provisions of this section (e.g., SEPA). This subsection does not apply to applications for a "major modification" or a "major stationary source."
(6) Public information. All information is available for public inspection at the Agency, except information protected from disclosure under any applicable law, including, but not limited to, RCW 70.94.205 and SWCAA 400-270. Such information includes copies of Notice of Construction applications, orders of approval, regulatory orders, and modifications thereof.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending WSR 01-05-057, filed 2/15/01,
effective 3/18/01)
SWCAA 400-200 Vertical Dispersion Requirement, Creditable
Stack Height and Dispersion Techniques
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.94.141 RCW. Original Board adoption 400-160 4/17/84 (Refer to WAC 403); Amended by Board 92-04-030 filed 1/28/92; Amended by Board and renumbered to 400-200 in 93-21-005 filed 10/7/93, effective 11/8/93, original 400-200 was renumbered to 400-230; 95-17-084 filed 8/21/95, effective 9/21/95; 01-05-057 filed 2/15/01, effective 3/18/01]
(1) Vertical Dispersion Requirement. All new exhaust
stacks shall be configured to discharge vertically to the
ambient atmosphere. Stack devices, such as rain caps, that
obstruct or prevent vertical discharge are prohibited. Where
possible, exhaust stacks shall discharge at a point higher
than surrounding buildings and/or terrain. Alternate exhaust
stack configurations may be approved by SWCAA on a
case-by-case basis.
(((1))) (2) Creditable Stack Height and Dispersion
Techniques - Applicability. The((se)) provisions ((shall
apply)) of subsections (3) and (4) of this section are
applicable to all sources except:
(a) Stacks for which construction had commenced on or before December 31, 1970, except where pollutants are being emitted from such stacks used by sources which were constructed, or reconstructed, or for which major modifications were carried out after December 31, 1970;
(b) Coal-fired steam electric generating units subject to the provisions of Section 118 of the Federal Clean Air Act, which commenced operation before July 1, 1957, and for whose stacks construction commenced before February 8, 1974;
(c) Flares;
(d) Open or outdoor burning for agricultural or silvicultural purposes as covered under the Smoke Management Plan;
(e) Residential wood combustion and open or outdoor burning for which episodic restrictions apply.
These provisions shall not be construed to limit the actual stack height.
(((2))) (3) Creditable Stack Height and Dispersion
Techniques - Prohibitions. No source may use dispersion
techniques or excess stack height to meet ambient air quality
standards or PSD increment limitations.
(a) Excess stack height. Excess stack height is that portion of a stack that exceeds the greater of:
(i) Sixty-five meters (213.25 feet), measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack; or
(ii) Hg = H + 1.5L where:
Hg = "good engineering practice" (GEP) stack height, measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack,
H = height of nearby structure(s) measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack,
L = lesser dimension, height or projected width, of nearby structure(s), subject to the provisions below.
"Nearby," as used in this subsection for purposes of applying the GEP formula means that distance up to five times the lesser of the height or the width dimension of a structure, but not greater than 0.8 kilometer (1/2 mile).
(b) Dispersion techniques. Increasing final exhaust gas plume rise by manipulating source process parameters, exhaust gas parameters, stack parameters, or combining exhaust gases from several existing stacks into one stack; or other selective handling of exhaust gas streams so as to increase the exhaust gas plume rise. This does not include:
(i) The reheating of a gas stream, following the use of a pollution control system, for the purpose of returning the gas to the temperature at which it was originally discharged from the facility generating the gas stream;
(ii) The merging of gas streams where:
(A) The source was originally designed and constructed with such merged gas streams, as demonstrated by the source owner(s) or operator(s).
(B) Such merging is part of a change in operation at the facility that includes the installation of pollution controls and is accompanied by a net reduction in the allowable emissions of a pollutant. This exclusion shall apply only to the emission limitation for the pollutant affected by such change in operation.
(C) Before July 8, 1985, such merging was part of a change in operation at the facility that included the installation of emissions control equipment or was carried out for sound economic or engineering reasons, and not primarily motivated by an intent to gain emissions credit for greater dispersion.
(((3))) (4) Creditable Stack Height - Exception. The
Agency may require the use of a field study or fluid model to
verify the creditable stack height for the source. This also
applies to a source seeking credit after the effective date of
this rule for an increase in existing stack height up to that
established by the GEP formula. A fluid model or field study
shall be performed according to the procedures described in
the EPA Guideline for Determination of Good Engineering
Practice Height (Technical Support Document of the Stack
Height Regulations). The creditable height demonstrated by a
fluid model or field study shall ensure that the emissions
from a stack do not result in excessive concentrations of any
air pollutant as a result of atmospheric downwash, wakes, or
eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures
or nearby terrain features.
(a) "Nearby," as used in this subsection for conducting a field study or fluid model, means not greater than 0.8 km, except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby which falls within a distance of up to ten times the maximum height of the feature, not to exceed two miles if such feature achieves a height 0.8 km from the stack that is at least forty percent of the GEP stack height or twenty-six meters, whichever is greater, as measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.
(b) "Excessive concentration" is defined for the purpose
of determining creditable stack height under this subsection
and means a maximum ground-level concentration owing to a
significant downwash effect which contributes to excursion
over an ambient air quality standard. For sources subject to
PSD review (WAC 173-400-((141))720 and 40 CFR 52.21) an
excessive concentration alternatively means a maximum
ground-level concentration owing to a significant downwash
effect that contributes to excursion over a PSD increment.
The emission rate used in this demonstration shall be the
emission rate specified in the State Implementation Plan, or
in the absence of such, the actual emission rate of the
source. "Significant downwash effect" means a maximum
ground-level concentration due to emissions from a stack due
in whole or in part to downwash, wakes, and eddy effects
produced by nearby structures or nearby terrain features which
individually is at least forty percent in excess of the
maximum concentration experienced in the absence of such
downwash, wakes, or eddy effects.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.