Effective Date of Rule: January 1, 2011.

     Purpose: Amendment of chapter 51-11 WAC, the Washington State Energy Code.

     Correcting references, table borders and correlation errors in the Washington State Energy Code, chapter 51-11 WAC, 2009 Edition.

     Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amending WAC 51-11-0402, 51-11-0625, 51-11-0900, 51-11-1007, 51-11-1334, 51-11-1416, and 51-11-1438.

     Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045.

      Adopted under notice filed as WSR 10-16-091 on July 30, 2010.

     Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: No changes were made to the proposed expedited rule. The changes remain as follows:

     WAC 51-11-0402, in the exception to Section 402.2, the percentage by which the proposed design is required to beat the standard design was lowered to eight percent to correlate with the change made to lower the number of points required by Section 901 in WSR 10-03-115.

     WAC 51-11-0625, Footnote 1 of Table 6-1 was adjusted to represent the current percentage of glazing referenced in the table.

     WAC 51-11-0900, the exception to Section 901 was edited as noted for WAC 51-11-0402.

     WAC 51-11-1007, Table 1007-F was reformatted to have column and row headers in the appropriate places. In addition, nonapplicable footnote references were eliminated in Table 9-1.

     WAC 51-11-1334, Equation 13-3 was modified to use the new definitions from Equation 13-1 established in WSR 10-03-115.

     WAC 51-11-1416, the section reference in Section 1416.2 was corrected.

     WAC 51-11-1438, some text in Section 1438.1 that should have been part of the main section was inadvertently included in the exception.

     A final cost-benefit analysis is available by contacting Tim Nolger, P.O. Box 41011, Olympia, WA 98504-1011, phone (360) 902-7296, fax (360) 586-0493, e-mail sbcc@ga.wa.gov.

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 0, Amended 7, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0;      Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Date Adopted: October 15, 2010.

John C. Cochran

Council Chair

OTS-3491.2

AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10)

WAC 51-11-0402   Systems analysis.  

     402.1 Special Requirements for Single-Family Residential:

     402.1.1 Energy Budgets: Proposed buildings designed in accordance with this section shall be designed to use no more energy from nonrenewable sources for space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water heating than a standard building whose enclosure elements and energy consuming systems are designed in accordance with section 502.2 of this Code for the appropriate climate zone, and heating system type and cooling system and whose mechanical system type is the same as the proposed building and which complies with Section 503 of this Code. Energy derived from renewable sources may be excluded from the total annual energy consumption attributed to the alternative building.

     402.1.2 Calculation of Energy Consumption: The application for a building permit shall include documentation which demonstrates, using a calculation procedure as listed in Chapter 8, or an approved alternate, that the proposed building's annual space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water heating energy use does not exceed the annual space heating, space cooling and domestic hot water heating energy use of a standard building conforming to Chapter 5 of this Code for the appropriate climate zone. The total calculated annual energy consumption shall be shown in units of kWh/ft²-yr or Btu/ft²-yr of conditioned area.

     402.1.3 Input Values: The following standardized input values shall be used in calculating annual space heating budgets:

PARAMETER	VALUE
Thermostat set point, heating Thermostat set point, cooling Thermostat night set back Thermostat night set back period	65° F 78° F 65° F 0 hours
Internal gain	3000 Btu/h
Domestic Hot Water Heater Setpoint	120° F
Domestic Hot Water Consumption	20 gallons/person/day.
Minimum heat storage	Calculated using standard engineering practice for the actual building or as approved.
Site weather data	Typical meteorological year (TMY) or ersatz TMY data for the closest appropriate TMY site or other sites as approved.
Heating and cooling equipment efficiency	Equipment shall comply with Section 1411.

     The standard building shall be modeled with glazing area distributed equally among the four cardinal directions. Parameter values that may be varied by the building designer to model energy saving options include, but are not limited to, the following:

     1. Overall thermal transmittance, U_o, of building envelope or individual building components;

     2. Heat storage capacity of building;

     3. Glazing orientation; area; and solar heat coefficients; (where Chapter 5 does not contain SHGC requirements, the standard design shall be modeled with glazing SHGC as determined by Tables 13-1 and 13-2. SHGC values shall be determined in accordance with Section 1312.2.)

     4. Heating system efficiency.

     Parameter values that may not be varied:

     • Domestic hot water consumption.

     402.1.4 Solar Shading and Access: Building designs using passive solar features with eight percent or more south facing equivalent glazing to qualify shall provide to the building official a sun chart or other approved documentation depicting actual site shading for use in calculating compliance under this section. The building shall contain at least forty-five Btu/°F for each square foot of south facing glass.

     402.1.5 Infiltration: Infiltration levels used shall be set at 0.35 air changes per hour for thermal calculation purposes only.

     402.1.6 Heat Pumps: The heating season performance factor (HSPF) for heat pumps shall be calculated using procedures consistent with section 5.2 of the U.S. Department of Energy Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners, including heat pumps published in the December 27, 1979 Federal Register Vol. 44, No. 24.10 CFR 430. Climate data as specified above, the proposed buildings overall thermal performance value (Btu/°F) and the standardized input assumptions specified above shall be used to model the heat pumps HSPF.

     402.2 Energy Analysis: Compliance with this chapter will require an analysis of the annual energy usage, hereinafter called an annual energy analysis.

EXCEPTIONS:	Chapters 5, and 6 of this Code establish criteria for different energy-consuming and enclosure elements of the building which, will eliminate the requirement for an annual systems energy analysis while meeting the intent of this Code.
	((A building designed in accordance with this chapter will be deemed as complying with this Code if the calculated annual energy consumption is 16 percent less than a similar building (defined as a "standard design") whose enclosure elements and energy-consuming systems are designed in accordance with Chapter 5.
	For an alternate building design to be considered similar to a "standard design," it shall utilize the same energy source(s) for the same functions and have equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope area to floor area, environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational schedule.))

     A building designed in accordance with this chapter will be deemed as complying with this Code if the calculated annual energy consumption is 8 percent less than a similar building (defined as a "standard design") whose enclosure elements and energy-consuming systems are designed in accordance with Chapter 5.

     For an alternate building design to be considered similar to a "standard design," it shall utilize the same energy source(s) for the same functions and have equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope area to floor area, environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational schedule.

     402.3 Design: The standard design, conforming to the criteria of Chapter 5 and the proposed alternative design shall be designed on a common basis as specified herein:

     The comparison shall be expressed as kBtu or kWh input per square foot of conditioned floor area per year at the building site.

     402.4 Analysis Procedure: The analysis of the annual energy usage of the standard and the proposed alternative building and system design shall meet the following criteria:

     a. The building heating/cooling load calculation procedure used for annual energy consumption analysis shall be detailed to permit the evaluation of effect of factors specified in section 402.5.

     b. The calculation procedure used to simulate the operation of the building and its service systems through a full-year operating period shall be detailed to permit the evaluation of the effect of system design, climatic factors, operational characteristics, and mechanical equipment on annual energy usage. Manufacturer's data or comparable field test data shall be used when available in the simulation of systems and equipment. The calculation procedure shall be based upon eight thousand seven hundred sixty hours of operation of the building and its service systems.

     402.5 Calculation Procedure: The calculation procedure shall cover the following items:

     a. Design requirements -- Environmental requirements as required in Chapter 3.

     b. Climatic data -- Coincident hourly data for temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of typical days in the year representing seasonal variation.

     c. Building data -- Orientation, size, shape, mass, air, moisture and heat transfer characteristics.

     d. Operational characteristics -- Temperature, humidity, ventilation, illumination, control mode for occupied and unoccupied hours.

     e. Mechanical equipment -- Design capacity, part load profile.

     f. Building loads -- Internal heat generation, lighting, equipment, number of people during occupied and unoccupied periods.

EXCEPTION:

Single-family residential shall comply with calculation procedures in Chapter 8, or an approved alternate.

     402.6 Documentation: Proposed alternative designs, submitted as requests for exception to the standard design criteria, shall be accompanied by an energy analysis comparison report. The report shall provide technical detail on the two building and system designs and on the data used in and resulting from the comparative analysis to verify that both the analysis and the designs meet the criteria of Chapter 4 of this Code.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, § 51-11-0402, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0402, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0402, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0402, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0402, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0402, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]

TABLE 6-1
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS^0,1 FOR SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
CLIMATE ZONE 1

TABLE 6-2
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS^0,1 FOR SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
CLIMATE ZONE 2

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, § 51-11-0625, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0625, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0625, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0625, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]

901 Additional Residential Energy Efficiency Requirements. Dwelling units permitted under this Code shall comply with all provisions of Chapter 5 of this Code and develop 1 credit from Table 9-1.

EXCEPTION:

Buildings complying using Chapter 4 Building Design by Systems Analysis shall meet this provision of this section by demonstrating that the proposed building energy use is ((16)) 8 percent less than the target building energy use.

TABLE 9-1
ENERGY CREDITS (DEBITS)

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, § 51-11-0900, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]

     Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10)

WAC 51-11-1007   Section 1007 Ceilings.  

     1007.1 General: Table 10-7 lists heat-loss coefficients for the opaque portion of exterior ceilings below vented attics, vaulted ceilings, and roof decks in units of Btu/h•ft²•°F of ceiling.

     They are derived from procedures listed in Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7. Ceiling U-factors are modified for the buffering effect of the attic, assuming an indoor temperature of 65° F and an outdoor temperature of 45°F.

     Metal Framed Ceilings: The nominal R-values in Table 10-5A(2) - EFFECTIVE R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY may be used for purposes of calculating metal framed ceiling section U-factors in lieu of the ASHRAE zone calculation method as provided in Chapter 27 of Standard RS-1.

     Metal building roofs have a different construction and are addressed in Table 10-7(F).

     1007.2 Component Description: The four types of ceilings are characterized as follows:

     Ceilings Below a Vented Attic: Attic insulation is assumed to be blown-in, loose-fill fiberglass with a K-value of 2.6 hr•ft²•°F/Btu per inch. Full bag count for specified R-value is assumed in all cases. Ceiling dimensions for flat ceiling calculations are forty-five by thirty feet, with a gabled roof having a 4/12 pitch. The attic is assumed to vent naturally at the rate of three air changes per hour through soffit and ridge vents. A void fraction of 0.002 is assumed for all attics with insulation baffles. Standard-framed, unbaffled attics assume a void fraction of 0.008.

     Attic framing is either standard or advanced. Standard framing assumes tapering of insulation depth around the perimeter with resultant decrease in thermal resistance. An increased R-value is assumed in the center of the ceiling due to the effect of piling leftover insulation. Advanced framing assumes full and even depth of insulation extending to the outside edge of exterior walls. Advanced framing does not change from the default value.

     U-factors for flat ceilings below vented attics with standard framing may be modified with the following table:

		U-Factor for Standard Framing
Roof Pitch		R-30	R-38
4/12		.036	.031
5/12		.035	.030
6/12		.034	.029
7/12		.034	.029
8/12		.034	.028
9/12		.034	.028
10/12		.033	.028
11/12		.033	.027
12/12		.033	.027

     Vented scissors truss attics assume a ceiling pitch of 2/12 with a roof pitch of either 4/12 or 5/12. Unbaffled standard framed scissors truss attics are assumed to have a void fraction of 0.016.

     Vaulted Ceilings: Insulation is assumed to be fiberglass batts installed in roof joist cavities. In the vented case, at least 1.5-inches between the top of the batts and the underside of the roof sheathing is left open for ventilation in each cavity. A ventilation rate of 3.0 air changes per hour is assumed. In the unvented or dense pack case, the ceiling cavity is assumed to be fully packed with insulation, leaving no space for ventilation.

EXCEPTION:

Where spray polyurethane foam meets the requirements of Section 502.1.6.3 or 1313.2, the cavity shall be filled to the depth to achieve R-value requirements.

     Roof Decks: Rigid insulation is applied to the top of roof decking with no space left for ventilation. Roofing materials are attached directly on top of the insulation. Framing members are often left exposed on the interior side.

     Metal Truss Framing: Overall system tested values for the roof/ceiling U_o for metal framed truss assemblies from approved laboratories shall be used, when such data is acceptable to the building official.

     Alternatively, the U_o for roof/ceiling assemblies using metal truss framing may be obtained from Tables 10-7A, 10-7B, 10-7C, 10-7D and 10-7E.

Steel Truss Framed Ceiling, Table 10-7A.

Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-3 Sheathing, Table 10-7B.

Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-5 Sheathing, Table 10-7C.

Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-10 Sheathing, Table 10-7D.

Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-15 Sheathing, Table 10-7E.

Metal Building Roof, Table 10-7F: The base assembly is a roof where the insulation is compressed when installed beneath metal roof panels attached to the steel structure (purlins). Additional assemblies include continuous insulation, uncompressed and uninterrupted by framing.

     Single Layer. The rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed perpendicular to and draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-3 (R-0.5) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.

     Double Layer. The first rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed perpendicular to and draped over purlins. The second rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation installed above the first layer and parallel to the purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-3 (R-0.5) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.

     Continuous Insulation. For continuous insulation (e.g., insulation boards or blankets), it is assumed that the insulation is installed below the purlins and is uninterrupted by framing members. Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semiheated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to provide a continuous air barrier.

     Liner System (Ls). A continuous membrane is installed below the purlins and uninterrupted by framing members. Uncompressed, unfaced insulation rests on top of the membrane between the purlins. For multilayer installations, the last rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-3 (R-0.5) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.

     Filled Cavity. The first rated R-value of insulation is for faced insulation installed parallel to the purlins. The second rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation installed above the first layer, parallel to and between the purlins and compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. The facer of the first layer of insulation is of sufficient width to be continuously sealed to the top flange of the purlins and to accommodate the full thickness of the second layer of insulation. A supporting structure retains the bottom of the first layer at the prescribed depth required for the full thickness of the second layer of insulation being installed above it. A minimum R-5 (R-0.9) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.

     U-factors for Metal Building Roofs. U-factors for metal building roofs shall be taken from Table 10-7F, provided the average purlin spacing is at least 52 in. and the R-value of the thermal spacer block is greater than or equal to the thermal spacer block R-value indicated in Table 10-7F for the assembly. It is not acceptable to use the U-factors in Table 10-7F if additional insulated sheathing is not continuous.

Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck (uninterrupted by framing), Table 10-7G: The base assembly is continuous insulation over a structural deck. Added insulation is continuous and uninterrupted by framing. For the insulation, the first column lists the R-value for continuous insulation with a uniform thickness; the second column lists the comparable area-weighted average R-value for continuous insulation provided that the insulation thickness is never less than R-5 (except at roof drains) and that the slope is no greater than 1/4 inch per foot.

TABLE 10-7
DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR CEILINGS

				Standard Frame	Advanced Frame
Flat Ceiling				Baffled
	R-19			0.049	0.047
	R-30			0.036	0.032
	R-38			0.031	0.026
	R-49			0.027	0.020
	R-60			0.025	0.017
Scissors Truss
	R-30 (4/12 roof pitch)			0.043	0.031
	R-38 (4/12 roof pitch)			0.040	0.025
	R-49 (4/12 roof pitch)			0.038	0.020
	R-30 (5/12 roof pitch)			0.039	0.032
	R-38 (5/12 roof pitch)			0.035	0.026
	R-49 (5/12 roof pitch)			0.032	0.020
Vaulted Ceilings
				16" O.C.	24" O.C.
Vented
	R-19 2x10 joist			0.049	0.048
	R-30 2x12 joist			0.034	0.033
	R-38 2x14 joist			0.027	0.027
Unvented
	R-30 2x10 joist			0.034	0.033
	R-38 2x12 joist			0.029	0.027
	R-21 + R-21 2x12 joist			0.026	0.025
Roof Deck
				4x Beams, 48" O.C.
	R-12.5	2"	Rigid insulation	0.064
	R-21.9	3.5"	Rigid insulation	0.040
	R-37.5	6"	Rigid insulation	0.025
	R-50	8"	Rigid insulation	0.019

Table 10-7A Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO
Cavity						Truss Span (ft)
R-value	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36
19	0.1075	0.0991	0.0928	0.0878	0.0839	0.0807	0.0780	0.0757	0.0737	0.0720	0.0706	0.0693	0.0681
30	0.0907	0.0823	0.0760	0.0710	0.0671	0.0638	0.0612	0.0589	0.0569	0.0552	0.0538	0.0525	0.0513
38	0.0844	0.0759	0.0696	0.0647	0.0607	0.0575	0.0548	0.0525	0.0506	0.0489	0.0474	0.0461	0.0449
49	0.0789	0.0704	0.0641	0.0592	0.0552	0.0520	0.0493	0.0470	0.0451	0.0434	0.0419	0.0406	0.0395

Table 10-7B Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-3 Sheathing2
Cavity						Truss Span (ft)
R-value	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36
19	0.0809	0.0763	0.0728	0.0701	0.0679	0.0661	0.0647	0.0634	0.0623	0.0614	0.0606	0.0599	0.0592
30	0.0641	0.0595	0.0560	0.0533	0.0511	0.0493	0.0478	0.0466	0.0455	0.0446	0.0438	0.0431	0.0424
38	0.0577	0.0531	0.0496	0.0469	0.0447	0.0430	0.0415	0.0402	0.0392	0.0382	0.0374	0.0367	0.0361
49	0.0523	0.0476	0.0441	0.0414	0.0393	0.0375	0.0360	0.0348	0.0337	0.0328	0.0319	0.0312	0.0306

Table 10-7C Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-5 Sheathing2
Cavity						Truss Span (ft)
R-value	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36
19	0.0732	0.0697	0.0670	0.0649	0.0633	0.0619	0.0608	0.0598	0.0590	0.0583	0.0577	0.0571	0.0567
30	0.0564	0.0529	0.0502	0.0481	0.0465	0.0451	0.0440	0.0430	0.0422	0.0415	0.0409	0.0403	0.0399
38	0.0501	0.0465	0.0438	0.0418	0.0401	0.0388	0.0376	0.0367	0.0359	0.0351	0.0345	0.0340	0.0335
49	0.0446	0.0410	0.0384	0.0363	0.0346	0.0333	0.0322	0.0312	0.0304	0.0297	0.0291	0.0285	0.0280

Table 10-7D Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-10 Sheathing2
Cavity						Truss Span (ft)
R-value	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36
19	0.0626	0.0606	0.0590	0.0578	0.0569	0.0561	0.0555	0.0549	0.0545	0.0541	0.0537	0.0534	0.0531
30	0.0458	0.0437	0.0422	0.0410	0.0401	0.0393	0.0387	0.0381	0.0377	0.0373	0.0369	0.0366	0.0363
38	0.0394	0.0374	0.0359	0.0347	0.0337	0.0330	0.0323	0.0318	0.0313	0.0309	0.0305	0.0302	0.0299
49	0.0339	0.0319	0.0304	0.0292	0.0283	0.0275	0.0268	0.0263	0.0258	0.0254	0.0251	0.0247	0.0245

Table 10-7E Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-15 Sheathing2
Cavity						Truss Span (ft)
R-value	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30	32	34	36
19	0.0561	0.0550	0.0541	0.0535	0.0530	0.0526	0.0522	0.0519	0.0517	0.0515	0.0513	0.0511	0.0509
30	0.0393	0.0382	0.0373	0.0367	0.0362	0.0358	0.0354	0.0351	0.0349	0.0347	0.0345	0.0343	0.0341
38	0.0329	0.0318	0.0310	0.0303	0.0298	0.0294	0.0291	0.0288	0.0285	0.0283	0.0281	0.0279	0.0278
49	0.0274	0.0263	0.0255	0.0249	0.0244	0.0239	0.0236	0.0233	0.0230	0.0228	0.0226	0.0225	0.0223

1 -	Assembly values based on 24 inch on center truss spacing; 11 Truss member connections penetrating insulation (4 at the eaves, 7 in the interior space); 1/2 inch drywall ceiling; all truss members are 2x4 "C" channels with a solid web.
2 -	Ceiling sheathing installed between bottom chord and drywall.

TABLE 10-7F
Default U-Factors for Metal Building Roofs

TABLE 10-7G
Assembly U-Factors for Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck
(uninterrupted by framing)

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, § 51-11-1007, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1007, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1007, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1007, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1007, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]

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Equation 13-1:
Target UA _t

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EQUATION 13-2
Proposed UA_p

EQUATION 13-3

Target SHGCA_t

EQUATION 13-4

Proposed SHGCA_p

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, § 51-11-1334, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-1334, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1334, filed 12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1334, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1334, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1334, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]

1416.1 General. Drawing notes or specifications shall require commissioning and completion requirements in accordance with this section.

1416.2 Commissioning Scope. Commissioning in compliance with this section and Section ((1513.7)) 1513.8 shall be required for new systems or modified portions of systems, with a heating capacity of 600K Btu/h or a cooling capacity of 40 tons or more.

1416.2.1 Buildings which require commissioning shall go through a commissioning process that includes as a minimum:

     1. Commissioning plan;

     2. Systems testing and balancing;

     3. HVAC equipment and HVAC controls functional testing;

     4. Supporting documentation in the form of operation and maintenance and record documents;

     5. Commissioning report.

1416.3 Commissioning Requirements.

1416.3.1 Commissioning Plan. Commissioning plan shall include:

     1. A general description of the commissioning process activities including the systems to be commissioned;

     2. The scope of the commissioning process including systems testing and balancing, functional testing, and supporting documentation;

     3. Roles and responsibilities of the commissioning team;

     4. A schedule of activities including systems testing and balancing, functional testing, and supporting documentation;

     5. Functional test procedures and forms.

1416.3.2 Systems Testing and Balancing.

1416.3.2.1 General. All HVAC air and hydronic systems shall be balanced in accordance with generally accepted engineering standards.

1416.3.2.2 Air Systems Balancing. Throttling losses shall be minimized by balancing the systems or adjusting the speed of fans with motors greater than 1 hp.

1416.3.2.3 Hydronic Systems Balancing. Throttling losses shall be minimized by balancing the systems, or trimming the pump impeller or adjusting the pump speed.

EXCEPTIONS:	1. Pumps with pump motors of 10 hp or less.
	2. Throttling is an acceptable method of balancing only if the power draw does not exceed that of equivalent system with the impeller trimmed by more than 5 percent.

     All hydronic heating or cooling coils with design flow exceeding 20 gpm (76 L/m) shall be equipped with dedicated pressure testing ports to enable testing of pressure drop through the coil. All hydronic heating or cooling systems served by pump(s) exceeding 5 hp (3.7 kW) shall be equipped with accessible pressure testing ports to enable testing supply and return pressure near the end of each major hydronic run.

1416.3.3 Systems, Equipment, and Controls Functional Testing. All HVAC systems, equipment, and controls as well as and lighting controls as specified in Section ((1513.7)) 1513.8 shall be tested to ensure that control devices, components, equipment and systems are calibrated, adjusted and operate in accordance with sequences of operation prescribed in the construction documents. Written procedures which clearly describe the individual systematic test procedures, the expected systems' response or acceptance criteria for each procedure, the actual response or findings, and any pertinent discussion. Optional examples of test methods and forms are provided in Reference Standard 34.

1416.3.4 Supporting Documentation. Supporting documentation shall include, as a minimum:

1416.3.4.1 Systems Documentation. Systems documentation shall be in accordance with industry accepted standards and shall include as a minimum:

     1. Submittal data stating equipment size and selected options for each piece of equipment.

     2. Operation and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance, except equipment not furnished as part of the project. Required routine maintenance actions shall be clearly identified.

     3. Names and addresses of at least one HVAC service agency.

     4. HVAC controls system maintenance and calibration information, including wiring diagrams, schematics, as-built drawings and control sequence descriptions. Desired or field determined set points shall be permanently recorded on control drawings at control devices, or, for digital control systems, in programming comments.

     5. Complete written narrative of how each system and piece of equipment is intended to operate including interface with existing equipment or systems (where applicable). Sequence of operation is not acceptable as a narrative for this requirement.

1416.3.4.2 Record Documents. Construction documents shall be updated to convey a record of the alterations to the original design. Such updates shall include updated mechanical, electrical and control drawings red-lined, or redrawn if specified, that show all changes to size, type and location of components, equipment and assemblies.

1416.3.4.3 Systems Operation Training. Training of the maintenance staff for each equipment type and or system shall include as a minimum:

     1. Review of systems documentation.

     2. Hands-on demonstration of all normal maintenance procedures, normal operating modes, and all emergency shutdown and start-up procedures.

     3. Training completion report.

1416.3.5 Commissioning Report. The commissioning report shall be completed and provided to the owner. The commissioning report shall include:

     1. Completed Functional Test forms including measurable criteria for test acceptance.

     2. Issues log of corrected and uncorrected deficiencies with the anticipated date of correction.

     3. Deferred tests, which cannot be performed at the time of report preparation, with anticipated date of completion.

     4. Record of progress and completion of operator training.

     5. Completed Commissioning Compliance form.

1416.4 Commissioning Compliance Form. A commissioning compliance checklist shall be submitted to the building official upon substantial completion of the building. The checklist shall be completed and signed by the building owner or owner's representative. The building official may require that the Commissioning Compliance form components be submitted to verify compliance with Sections 1416 and 1513.8 requirements. Completion of the Commissioning Compliance Checklist (Figure 14B) is deemed to satisfy this requirement.

FIGURE 14B
     COMMISSIONING COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, § 51-11-1416, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-1416, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1416, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01.]

     a. Variable speed drives, or

     b. Other controls and devices that will result in fan and pump motor demand of no more than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design air volume for fans when static pressure set point equals 1/3 the total design static pressure, and 50% of design water flow for pumps, based on manufacturer's certified test data. Variable inlet vanes, throttling valves (dampers), scroll dampers or bypass circuits shall not be allowed.

EXCEPTION:	Variable speed devices are not required for motors that serve:
	1. Fans or pumps in packaged equipment where variable speed drives are not available as a factory option from the equipment manufacturer.
	2. Fans or pumps that are required to operate only for emergency fire-life-safety events (e.g., stairwell pressurization fans, elevator pressurization fans, fire pumps, etc.).

1438.1 Heat rejection equipment: The requirements of this section apply to heat rejection equipment used in comfort cooling systems such as air-cooled condensers, open cooling towers, closed-circuit cooling towers, and evaporative condensers.

EXCEPTION:	Heat rejection devices included as an integral part of equipment listed in Tables 14-1A through 14-1D.
	((Heat rejection equipment shall have a minimum efficiency performance not less than values specified in Table 14-1G. These requirements apply to all propeller, axial fan and centrifugal fan cooling towers. Table 14-1G specifies requirements for air-cooled condensers that are within rating conditions specified within the table.))

     Heat rejection equipment shall have a minimum efficiency performance not less than values specified in Table 14-1G. These requirements apply to all propeller, axial fan and centrifugal fan cooling towers. Table 14-1G specifies requirements for air-cooled condensers that are within rating conditions specified within the table.

1438.1.1 Variable flow controls: Cooling tower fans 7.5 hp and greater shall have control devices that vary flow by controlling leaving fluid temperature or condenser temperature/pressure of the heat rejection device.

1438.1.2 Limitation on centrifugal fan cooling towers: Open cooling towers with a combined rated capacity of 1,100 gpm and greater at 95°F condenser water return, 85°F condenser water supply and 75°F outdoor wet-bulb temperature shall meet the energy efficiency requirement for axial fan open circuit cooling towers.

EXCEPTION:

Open circuit cooling towers that are ducted (inlet or discharge) or have external sound attenuation that requires external static pressure capability.

1438.2 Hot gas bypass limitation: Cooling equipment with direct expansion coils rated at greater than 95,000 Btu/h total cooling capacity shall have a minimum of 2 stages of cooling capacity or capacity modulation other than hot gas bypass that is capable of reducing input and output by at least 50%.

1438.3 Large volume fan systems: Single or multiple fan systems serving a zone or adjacent zones without separating walls with total air flow over 10,000 cfm (3,540 L/s) are required to reduce airflow based on space thermostat heating and cooling demand. A variable speed drive shall reduce airflow to a maximum 75% of peak airflow or minimum ventilation air requirement as required by Section 403 of the IMC, whichever is greater.

EXCEPTIONS:	1. Systems where the function of the supply air is for purposes other than temperature control, such as maintaining specific humidity levels or supplying an exhaust system.
	2. Dedicated outdoor air supply unit(s) with heat recovery where airflow is equal to the minimum ventilation requirements and other fans cycle off unless heating or cooling is required.
	3. An area served by multiple units where designated ventilation units have 50% or less of total area airflow and nonventilation unit fans cycle off when heating or cooling is not required.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 10-03-115 and 10-13-113, § 51-11-1438, filed 1/20/10 and 6/21/10, effective 10/29/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-1438, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1438, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-1438, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]

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