PERMANENT RULES
FISH AND WILDLIFE
Effective Date of Rule: Thirty-one days after filing.
Purpose: The purpose of this proposal is to change the state's recreational clam and oyster seasons on selected public beaches, based on abundance and usage surveys and agreements with comanagers and other state agencies.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: This rule change proposal was discussed during the fish and wildlife commission meeting and public hearing on February 8, 2013. The proposed changes were adopted by the commission during its February 15, 2013, conference call. The changes will allow recreational clam and oyster seasons to be opened or extended on some public beaches and closed on other beaches to achieve maximum recreational opportunity while conserving shellfish resources.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amending WAC 220-56-350 and 220-56-380.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 77.04.020 and 77.12.047.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 12-24-069 on December 4, 2012.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 0, Amended 2, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Date Adopted: March 1, 2013.
Miranda Wecker, Chair
Fish and Wildlife Commission
OTS-5199.1
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending Order 12-31, filed 3/12/12,
effective 4/12/12)
WAC 220-56-350
Clams other than razor clams,
mussels -- Areas and seasons.
A person can take, dig for, and
possess clams and mussels for personal use on Puget Sound the
entire year except from public tidelands at the beaches listed
below, which are closed unless otherwise provided.
(1) Ala Spit: Open May 1 through May 31.
(2) Alki Park: Closed the entire year.
(3) Alki Point: Closed the entire year.
(4) Bay View State Park: Closed the entire year.
(5) Belfair State Park: Open ((January)) April 1 through
((December 31)) April 30.
(6) Brown's Point Lighthouse: Closed the entire year.
(7) Cama Beach State Park: Closed the entire year.
(8) Camano Island State Park: Closed the entire year.
(9) Chuckanut Bay: Closed the entire year.
(10) Coupeville: Closed the entire year.
(11) Dash Point State Park: Closed the entire year.
(12) Dave Mackie County Park: Closed the entire year.
(13) Des Moines City Park: Closed the entire year.
(14) Discovery Park: Closed the entire year.
(15) DNR-79: Closed the entire year.
(16) DNR-142: Closed the entire year.
(17) DNR-144 (Sleeper): Closed the entire year.
(18) Dockton County Park: Closed the entire year.
(19) Dosewallips State Park: Open ((March)) April 1
through ((October 31)) August 15 only in area defined by
boundary markers and signs posted on the beach.
(20) Dungeness Spit and Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Tidelands - Open May 15 through September 30.
(21) Eagle Creek: Open July 1 through July 31.
(22) East San de Fuca: Closed the entire year east of the Rolling Hills Glencairn Community dock.
(23) Fort Flagler State Park including that portion of
the spit west of the park boundary (Rat Island): Open May 15
through ((September 30)) October 31.
(24) Fort Ward State Park: Closed the entire year.
(25) Freeland County Park: Closed the entire year.
(26) Frye Cove County Park: Open January 1 through May 15.
(27) Garrison Bay: Tidelands at Guss Island and those tidelands at British camp between the National Park Service dinghy dock at the north end and the park boundary at the south end are closed the entire year.
(28) Gertrude Island - All tidelands at Gertrude Island closed the entire year.
(29) Golden Gardens: Closed the entire year.
(30) Graveyard Spit: Closed the entire year.
(31) Harrington Beach: Closed the entire year.
(32) Hoodsport: Tidelands at Hoodsport Salmon Hatchery are closed the entire year.
(33) Hope Island State Park (South Puget Sound): Open May 1 through May 31.
(34) Howarth Park: Closed the entire year.
(35) Illahee State Park: Open April 1 through July 31.
(36) Kayak Point County Park: Closed the entire year.
(37) Kitsap Memorial State Park: Closed the entire year.
(38) Kopachuck State Park: Open June 1 through July 31.
(39) Liberty Bay - All state-owned tidelands in Liberty Bay north and west of the Keyport Naval Supply Center are closed to the harvest of clams the entire year.
(40) Lincoln Park: Closed the entire year.
(41) Lions Park (Bremerton): Closed the entire year.
(42) Little Clam Bay: Closed the entire year.
(43) Lower Roto Vista Park: Closed the entire year.
(44) Manchester State Park: Closed the entire year.
(45) McNeil Island - All tidelands on McNeil Island are closed the entire year.
(46) Meadowdale County Park: Closed the entire year.
(47) Mee-Kwa-Mooks Park: Closed the entire year.
(48) Monroe Landing: Closed the entire year.
(49) Mukilteo State Park - Closed the entire year.
(50) Mystery Bay State Park: Open October 1 through April 30.
(51) Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge: Closed the entire year.
(52) North Beach County Park: Closed the entire year.
(53) North Fort Lewis: Closed the entire year.
(54) North Point Hudson: Closed the entire year.
(55) Northeast Cultus Bay: Closed the entire year.
(56) Oak Bay County Park: Open ((May)) April 1 through
July 31.
(57) Oak Harbor City Park: Closed the entire year.
(58) Old Man House State Park: Closed the entire year.
(59) Olympia Shoal: Closed the entire year.
(60) Oyster Reserves: Puget Sound and Willapa Bay state oyster reserves are closed the entire year except as follows:
(a) North Bay: State-owned oyster reserves open ((the
entire year)) April 1 through September 15.
(b) Oakland Bay: State-owned oyster reserves open the entire year except in areas defined by boundary markers and signs posted on the beach.
(c) Willapa Bay - Long Island oyster reserve: Northwest side of Long Island between reserve monuments 39 and 41 and southwest side of Long Island between reserve monuments 58 and 59.
(61) Penrose Point State Park: Open March 1 through May 15.
(62) Picnic Point County Park: Closed the entire year.
(63) Pitship Point: Closed the entire year.
(64) Pitt Island - All tidelands on Pitt Island are closed the entire year.
(65) Pleasant Harbor State Park: Closed the entire year.
(66) Point Defiance: Closed the entire year.
(67) Point Whitney (excluding Point Whitney Lagoon):
Open March ((1)) 15 through March 31.
(((67))) (68) Point Whitney Lagoon: Open April 1 through
April 30.
(((68))) (69) Port Angeles Coast Guard: Closed the
entire year.
(((69))) (70) Port Angeles Harbor: Closed the entire
year.
(((70))) (71) Port Gardner: Closed the entire year.
(((71))) (72) Port Townsend Ship Canal/Portage Canal:
Open January 1 through ((July 31)) June 30.
(((72))) (73) Post Point: Closed the entire year.
(((73))) (74) Potlatch DNR tidelands: Open April 1
through June 30.
(((74))) (75) Potlatch State Park: Open April 1 through
June 30.
(((75))) (76) Priest Point County Park: Closed the
entire year.
(((76))) (77) Purdy Spit County Park: The southern shore
of the spit from the boat ramp to the bridge is closed the
entire year.
(((77))) (78) Quilcene Bay Tidelands - All state-owned
tidelands in Quilcene Bay north of a line drawn from the
Quilcene Boat Haven to Fisherman's Point are closed to the
harvest of clams the entire year, except those state-owned
tidelands on the west side of the bay north of the Quilcene
Boat Haven are open April 1 through December 31, daily from
official sunrise to official sunset only.
(((78))) (79) Reid Harbor - South Beach: Closed the
entire year.
(((79))) (80) Retsil: Closed the entire year.
(((80))) (81) Richmond Beach Saltwater Park: Closed the
entire year.
(((81))) (82) Saltwater State Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((82))) (83) Samish Beach: Closed the entire year.
(((83))) (84) Scenic Beach State Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((84))) (85) Seahurst County Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((85))) (86) Semiahmoo: Closed the entire year.
(((86))) (87) Semiahmoo County Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((87))) (88) Sequim Bay State Park - Open May 1 through
June 30.
(((88))) (89) Shine Tidelands State Park: Open January 1
through May 15.
(((89))) (90) Silverdale Waterfront Park: Closed the
entire year.
(((90))) (91) Sinclair Inlet: Closed the entire year.
(((91))) (92) Skagit Wildlife Area: Closed the entire
year.
(((92))) (93) South Carkeek Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((93))) (94) South Gordon Point: Closed the entire
year.
(((94))) (95) South Indian Island County Park: Open
((May 15)) April 1 through ((August 31)) June 15.
(((95))) (96) South Mukilteo Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((96))) (97) South Oro Bay: Closed the entire year.
(((97))) (98) South Point Wilson (Port Townsend): Closed
the entire year.
(((98))) (99) Southworth Ferry Dock: Closed the entire
year.
(((99))) (100) Spencer Spit State Park: Open March 1
through July 31.
(((100))) (101) Suquamish (Old Man House): Closed the
entire year.
(((101))) (102) Taylor Bay: Closed the entire year.
(((102))) (103) Triton Cove Tidelands: Open ((June))
July 1 through August 31.
(((103))) (104) Twanoh State Park: Open August 1 through
September ((30)) 15.
(((104))) (105) Walker County Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((105))) (106) West Dewatto: DNR Beach 44A open
((August)) July 1 through September 30.
(((106))) (107) West Pass Access: Closed the entire
year.
(((107))) (108) Willapa Bay: State-owned tidelands east
of the department Willapa Bay Field Station and Nahcotta
Tidelands Interpretive Site are closed year-round.
(((108))) (109) Wolfe Property State Park: Open January
1 through May 15.
(((109))) (110) Woodard Bay: Closed the entire year.
A person can take, dig for, and possess clams, cockles, borers, and mussels, not including razor clams, for personal use in Grays Harbor and Willapa Harbor the entire year, except from state oyster reserves, which are closed to clam digging the entire year.
A person can take, dig for, and possess clams, cockles, borers, and mussels, not including razor clams, for personal use from the Pacific Ocean beaches from November 1 through March 31.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 77.04.020, 77.12.045, and 77.12.047. 12-07-011 (Order 12-31), § 220-56-350, filed 3/12/12, effective 4/12/12; 11-09-073 (Order 11-66), § 220-56-350, filed 4/19/11, effective 5/20/11. Statutory Authority: RCW 77.12.047. 10-07-105 (Order 10-64), § 220-56-350, filed 3/19/10, effective 5/1/10; 09-06-042 (Order 09-27), § 220-56-350, filed 2/25/09, effective 5/1/09; 08-07-003, § 220-56-350, filed 3/5/08, effective 4/5/08; 07-05-051 (Order 07-22), § 220-56-350, filed 2/16/07, effective 3/19/07; 06-05-085 (Order 06-23), § 220-56-350, filed 2/14/06, effective 5/1/06; 05-05-035 (Order 05-15), § 220-56-350, filed 2/10/05, effective 5/1/05; 04-07-009 (Order 04-39), § 220-56-350, filed 3/4/04, effective 5/1/04; 03-05-057 (Order 03-24), § 220-56-350, filed 2/14/03, effective 5/1/03; 02-17-019 (Order 02-193), § 220-56-350, filed 8/9/02, effective 9/9/02; 02-08-048 (Order 02-53), § 220-56-350, filed 3/29/02, effective 5/1/02; 01-06-036 (Order 01-24), § 220-56-350, filed 3/5/01, effective 5/1/01. Statutory Authority: 2000 c 107 § 7. 00-16-091 (Order 00-134), § 220-56-350, filed 7/31/00, effective 8/31/00. Statutory Authority: RCW 75.08.080, 77.12.040. 00-08-038 (Order 00-29), § 220-56-350, filed 3/29/00, effective 5/1/00; 99-08-029 (Order 99-13), § 220-56-350, filed 3/30/99, effective 5/1/99; 98-06-031, § 220-56-350, filed 2/26/98, effective 5/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 75.08.080. 97-07-078 (Order 97-53), § 220-56-350, filed 3/19/97, effective 5/1/97; 96-11-078 (Order 96-44), § 220-56-350, filed 5/13/96, effective 6/13/96; 95-12-027 (Order 95-46), § 220-56-350, filed 5/31/95, effective 7/1/95; 94-14-069, § 220-56-350, filed 7/1/94, effective 8/1/94; 93-15-011, § 220-56-350, filed 7/8/93, effective 8/8/93; 93-08-034 (Order 93-20), § 220-56-350, filed 3/31/93, effective 5/1/93; 92-11-012 (Order 92-19), § 220-56-350, filed 5/12/92, effective 6/12/92; 91-08-054 (Order 91-13), § 220-56-350, filed 4/2/91, effective 5/3/91; 90-06-026, § 220-56-350, filed 2/28/90, effective 3/31/90; 89-07-060 (Order 89-12), § 220-56-350, filed 3/16/89; 88-10-013 (Order 88-15), § 220-56-350, filed 4/26/88; 87-09-066 (Order 87-16), § 220-56-350, filed 4/21/87; 86-09-020 (Order 86-08), § 220-56-350, filed 4/9/86; 85-12-046 (Order 85-57), § 220-56-350, filed 6/5/85; 83-07-043 (Order 83-16), § 220-56-350, filed 3/17/83; 81-05-027 (Order 81-13), § 220-56-350, filed 2/17/81, effective 4/1/81; 80-03-064 (Order 80-12), § 220-56-350, filed 2/27/80, effective 4/1/80. Formerly WAC 220-56-082.]
(1) Ala Spit: Open May 1 through May 31.
(2) Alki Park: Closed the entire year.
(3) Alki Point: Closed the entire year.
(4) Bangor: Closed the entire year.
(5) Bay View State Park: Closed the entire year.
(6) Brown's Point Lighthouse: Closed the entire year.
(7) Cama Beach State Park: Closed the entire year.
(8) Camano Island State Park: Closed the entire year.
(9) Chuckanut: Closed the entire year.
(10) Coupeville: Closed the entire year.
(11) Dash Point State Park: Closed the entire year.
(12) Dave Mackie County Park: Closed the entire year.
(13) Des Moines City Park: Closed the entire year.
(14) Discovery Park: Closed the entire year.
(15) DNR-79: Closed the entire year.
(16) DNR-142: Closed the entire year.
(17) DNR 144 (Sleeper): Closed the entire year.
(18) Dockton County Park: Closed the entire year.
(19) Dungeness Spit/National Wildlife Refuge: Open May 15 - September 30.
(20) East San de Fuca: Closed the entire year east of the Rolling Hills Glencairn Community dock.
(21) Fort Flagler State Park including that portion of
the spit west of the park boundary (Rat Island): Open May 15
through ((September 30)) October 31.
(22) Fort Ward State Park: Closed the entire year.
(23) Freeland County Park: Closed the entire year.
(24) Frye Cove County Park: Open January 1 through May 15.
(25) Golden Gardens: Closed the entire year.
(26) Graveyard Spit: Closed the entire year.
(27) Harrington Beach: Closed the entire year.
(28) Hoodsport: Tidelands at the Hoodsport Salmon Hatchery are closed the entire year.
(29) Hope Island State Park (South Puget Sound): Open May 1 through May 31.
(30) Howarth Park: Closed the entire year.
(31) Illahee State Park: Open April 1 through July 31.
(32) Kayak Point County Park: Closed the entire year.
(33) Kitsap Memorial State Park: Closed the entire year.
(34) Kopachuck State Park: Open March 1 through July 31.
(35) Liberty Bay - All state-owned tidelands in Liberty Bay north and west of the Keyport Naval Supply Center are closed to the harvest of oysters the entire year.
(36) Lincoln Park: Closed the entire year.
(37) Lions Park (Bremerton): Closed the entire year.
(38) Little Clam Bay: Closed the entire year.
(39) Lower Roto Vista Park: Closed the entire year.
(40) Manchester State Park: Closed the entire year.
(41) Meadowdale County Park: Closed the entire year.
(42) Mee-Kwa-Mooks Park: Closed the entire year.
(43) Monroe Landing: Closed the entire year.
(44) Mukilteo State Park: Closed the entire year.
(45) Mystery Bay State Park: Open October 1 through April 30.
(46) Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge: Closed the entire year.
(47) North Beach County Park: Closed the entire year.
(48) North Fort Lewis: Closed the entire year.
(49) North Point Hudson: Closed the entire year.
(50) Northeast Cultus Bay: Closed the entire year.
(51) Oak Bay County Park: Open ((May)) April 1 through
July 31.
(52) Oak Harbor Beach Park: Closed the entire year.
(53) Oak Harbor City Park: Closed the entire year.
(54) Old Man House State Park: Closed the entire year.
(55) Olympia Shoal: Closed the entire year.
(56) Oyster Reserves: Puget Sound and Willapa Bay oyster reserves are closed the entire year except the following are open the entire year:
(a) Oakland Bay - State-owned oyster reserves open the entire years except in areas defined by boundary markers and signs posted on the beach.
(b) North Bay - State-owned reserves open ((the entire
year)) April 1 through September 15.
(c) Willapa Bay - Long Island oyster reserve: Northwest side of Long Island between reserve monuments 39 and 41 and southwest side of Long Island between reserve monuments 58 and 59.
(57) Penrose Point State Park: Open March 1 through May 15.
(58) Picnic Point: Closed the entire year.
(59) Pitt Island: Closed the entire year.
(60) Pleasant Harbor State Park: Closed the entire year.
(61) Point Defiance: Closed the entire year.
(62) Point Whitney tidelands (excluding Point Whitney Lagoon): Open January 1 through June 30.
(((62))) (63) Port Angeles Coast Guard: Closed the
entire year.
(((63))) (64) Port Angeles Harbor: Closed the entire
year.
(((64))) (65) Port Gardner: Closed the entire year.
(((65))) (66) Port Townsend Ship Canal/Portage Canal:
Open January 1 through ((July 31)) June 30.
(((66))) (67) Post Point: Closed the entire year.
(((67))) (68) Potlatch DNR Tidelands: Open April 1
through June 30.
(((68))) (69) Potlatch State Park: Open April 1 through
June 30.
(((69))) (70) Priest Point County Park: Closed the
entire year.
(((70))) (71) Purdy Spit County Park: The southern shore
of the spit from the boat ramp to the bridge is closed the
entire year.
(((71))) (72) Quilcene Bay Tidelands - All state-owned
tidelands in Quilcene Bay north of a line drawn from the
Quilcene Boat Haven to Fisherman's Point are closed except
those state-owned tidelands on the west side of the bay north
of the Quilcene Boat Haven are open April 1 through December
31, daily from official sunrise to official sunset, only.
(((72))) (73) Reid Harbor - South Beach: Closed the
entire year.
(((73))) (74) Retsil: Closed the entire year.
(((74))) (75) Richmond Beach Saltwater Park: Closed the
entire year.
(((75))) (76) Saltwater State Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((76))) (77) Samish Beach: Closed the entire year.
(((77))) (78) Seahurst County Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((78))) (79) Scenic Beach State Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((79))) (80) Semiahmoo: Closed the entire year.
(((80))) (81) Semiahmoo County Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((81))) (82) Shine Tidelands State Park: Open January 1
through May 15.
(((82))) (83) Silverdale Waterfront Park: Closed the
entire year.
(((83))) (84) Sinclair Inlet: Closed the entire year.
(((84))) (85) Skagit Wildlife Area: Closed the entire
year.
(((85))) (86) South Carkeek Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((86))) (87) South Gordon Point: Closed the entire
year.
(((87))) (88) South Indian Island County Park: Open
((May 15)) April 1 through ((August 31)) June 15.
(((88))) (89) South Mukilteo Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((89))) (90) South Oro Bay: Closed the entire year.
(((90))) (91) South Point Wilson (Port Townsend): Closed
the entire year.
(((91))) (92) Southworth Ferry Dock: Closed the entire
year.
(((92))) (93) Spencer Spit State Park: Open March 1
through July 31.
(((93))) (94) Suquamish (Old Man House): Closed the
entire year.
(((94))) (95) Taylor Bay: Closed the entire year.
(((95))) (96) Walker County Park: Closed the entire
year.
(((96))) (97) West Pass Access: Closed the entire year.
(((97))) (98) Willapa Bay: State-owned tidelands east of
the department Willapa Bay Field Station and the Nahcotta
Tidelands Interpretive Site are open only between boundary
markers and posted signs.
(((98))) (99) Woodard Bay: Closed the entire year.
(((99))) (100) Wolfe Property State Park: Open January 1
through May 15.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 77.04.020, 77.12.045, and 77.12.047. 12-07-011 (Order 12-31), § 220-56-380, filed 3/12/12, effective 4/12/12; 11-09-073 (Order 11-66), § 220-56-380, filed 4/19/11, effective 5/20/11. Statutory Authority: RCW 77.12.047. 10-07-105 (Order 10-64), § 220-56-380, filed 3/19/10, effective 5/1/10; 09-06-042 (Order 09-27), § 220-56-380, filed 2/25/09, effective 5/1/09; 08-07-003, § 220-56-380, filed 3/5/08, effective 4/5/08; 07-05-051 (Order 07-22), § 220-56-380, filed 2/16/07, effective 3/19/07; 06-05-085 (Order 06-23), § 220-56-380, filed 2/14/06, effective 5/1/06; 05-05-035 (Order 05-15), § 220-56-380, filed 2/10/05, effective 5/1/05; 04-07-009 (Order 04-39), § 220-56-380, filed 3/4/04, effective 5/1/04; 03-05-057 (Order 03-24), § 220-56-380, filed 2/14/03, effective 5/1/03; 02-08-048 (Order 02-53), § 220-56-380, filed 3/29/02, effective 5/1/02; 01-06-036 (Order 01-24), § 220-56-380, filed 3/5/01, effective 5/1/01. Statutory Authority: 2000 c 107 § 7. 00-16-091 (Order 00-134), § 220-56-380, filed 7/31/00, effective 8/31/00. Statutory Authority: RCW 75.08.080, 77.12.040. 00-08-038 (Order 00-29), § 220-56-380, filed 3/29/00, effective 5/1/00; 99-08-029 (Order 99-13), § 220-56-380, filed 3/30/99, effective 5/1/99; 98-06-031, § 220-56-380, filed 2/26/98, effective 5/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 75.08.080. 97-07-078 (Order 97-53), § 220-56-380, filed 3/19/97, effective 5/1/97; 96-11-078 (Order 96-44), § 220-56-380, filed 5/13/96, effective 6/13/96; 95-12-027 (Order 95-46), § 220-56-380, filed 5/31/95, effective 7/1/95; 94-14-069, § 220-56-380, filed 7/1/94, effective 8/1/94; 93-08-034 (Order 93-20), § 220-56-380, filed 3/31/93, effective 5/1/93; 92-11-012 (Order 92-19), § 220-56-380, filed 5/12/92, effective 6/12/92; 91-08-054 (Order 91-13), § 220-56-380, filed 4/2/91, effective 5/3/91; 90-06-026, § 220-56-380, filed 2/28/90, effective 3/31/90; 89-07-060 (Order 89-12), § 220-56-380, filed 3/16/89; 88-10-012 and 88-10-013 (Orders 88-14 and 88-15), § 220-56-380, filed 4/26/88; 87-09-066 (Order 87-16), § 220-56-380, filed 4/21/87; 86-09-020 (Order 86-08), § 220-56-380, filed 4/9/86; 84-09-026 (Order 84-22), § 220-56-380, filed 4/11/84; 82-13-040 (Order 82-61), § 220-56-380, filed 6/9/82; 82-07-047 (Order 82-19), § 220-56-380, filed 3/18/82; 81-05-027 (Order 81-13), § 220-56-380, filed 2/17/81, effective 4/1/81; 80-03-064 (Order 80-12), § 220-56-380, filed 2/27/80, effective 4/1/80. Formerly WAC 220-56-086.]