((The purpose of this chapter is to establish standards of conduct for students and prescribe the substantive and procedural due process rights of students at the Washington school for the deaf. The procedures and standards set forth in this chapter shall govern the imposition of discipline. "Discipline" means all forms of corrective action other than emergency removal from a class, subject, or activity, suspension, or expulsion and shall include the exclusion of a student from a class by a teacher or administrator for a period of time not exceeding the balance of the immediate class period: Provided that the student is in the custody of a school employee for the balance of such period. Discipline shall also mean the exclusion of a student from any other type of activity conducted by or on behalf of the school. Discipline is considered part of the school's educational process. In every case of misconduct, the nature and circumstances of the violation will be considered and appropriate discipline will be administered on a less restrictive alternative basis including, but not limited to, time out, detention, behavior contracts, restriction of privileges, reprimand, restitution, suspension or expulsion.))WAC 392-400-010, the rule for purpose, is incorporated by reference.

For the purposes of this student conduct code, the following definitions apply:

(1) "Assistant principal" means the assistant principal of the Washington school for the deaf or designee.

(2) "Behavioral violation" means a student's behavior that violates the school's student conduct code or discipline policies.

(3) "Board" means the board of trustees for the Washington center for deaf and hard of hearing youth.

(4) "Classroom exclusion" means the exclusion of a student from a classroom and instructional or activity area for a discretionary behavioral violation that creates a disruption of the educational process in violation of the school's disciplinary policies subject to the requirements in WAC 148-120-330 through 148-120-335.

(5) "Corrective action" means disciplinary and nondisciplinary actions taken by a certificated educator. Nondisciplinary actions include evidence-based interventions and support outlined in RCW 28A.410.270, 28A.405.100, and 28A.410.260 to support the student in meeting behavioral expectations.

(6) "Culturally responsive" has the same meaning as "cultural competency" in RCW 28A.410.270.

(7) "Director" means the director of the Washington center for deaf and hard of hearing youth or designee.

(8) "Discretionary discipline" means a disciplinary action taken by the school for student behavior that violates rules of student conduct adopted by the board under RCW 28A.600.015(6). Discretionary discipline does not include evidence-based interventions and support outlined in RCW 28A.410.270, 28A.405.100, and 28A.410.260 to support the student in meeting behavioral expectations.

(9) "Disruption of the educational process" means the interruption of classwork, the creation of disorder, or the invasion of the rights of a student or group of students.

(10) "Emergency removal" means the removal of a student from school because the student's presence poses an immediate and continuing danger to other students or school personnel, or an immediate and continuing threat of material and substantial disruption of the educational process, subject to the requirements in WAC 148-120-510 through 148-120-530.

(11) "Expulsion" means a denial of admission to the Washington school for the deaf in response to a behavioral violation, subject to the requirements in WAC 148-120-430 through 148-120-480.

(12) "Length of an academic term" means the total number of school days in a semester, as defined by the school.

(13) "Nondiscretionary discipline" means:

(a) Violations of RCW 28A.600.420;

(b) An offense listed in RCW 13.04.155;

(c) Two or more violations of RCW 9A.46.120, 9.41.280, 28A.600.455, 28A.635.020, or 28A.635.060 within a three-year period; or

(d) Behavior that adversely impacts the health or safety of other students or educational staff. RCW 28A.600.015.

(14) "Parent" has the same meaning as in WAC 392-172A-01125.

(15) "Principal" means the principal of the Washington school for the deaf or designee.

(16) "School" means the Washington school for the deaf.

(17) "School business day" means any calendar day, except Saturdays, Sundays, or any federal, state, or school holiday, when the school is open to the public for business.

(18) "School day" means any day or partial day that students are in attendance at school for instructional purposes.

(19) "Superintendent" means the superintendent of the Washington school for the deaf or designee.

(20) "Suspension" means a denial of attendance in response to a behavioral violation from any subject or class, or from any full schedule of subjects or classes, but not including expulsions or emergency removals.

(a) "In-school suspension" means a suspension in which a student is excluded from the student's regular educational setting but remains in the student's current school placement for up to 10 consecutive school days, subject to the requirements in WAC 148-120-430 through 148-120-470.

(b) "Long-term suspension" means a suspension in which a student is excluded from school for more than 10 consecutive school days, subject to the requirements in WAC 148-120-430 through 148-120-470.

(c) "Short-term suspension" means a suspension in which a student is excluded from school for up to 10 consecutive school days, subject to the requirements in WAC 148-120-430 through 148-120-470.

Washington school for the deaf is dedicated to offering its students an opportunity for the best education for deaf and hard-of-hearing students in the state of Washington. Concomitant to the rights and privileges guaranteed by federal and state law to students are duties and responsibilities of each student to pursue ((his/her))their course of studies, show respect for the rights of others, comply with written rules adopted herein and set forth in student handbooks, and submit to reasonable corrective action for violation(s) for such rules. This chapter is intended to assure that corrective action is imposed for just cause and in a fair and reasonable manner.

(1) Nothing in Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or this chapter prohibits the Washington school for the deaf from reporting a crime committed by a student to appropriate authorities, or prevents state law enforcement and judicial authorities from exercising their responsibilities with regard to the application of federal and state law to crimes committed by a student.

(2) When reporting a crime committed by a student, the school shall ensure that copies of the special education and disciplinary records of the student are transmitted for consideration by the appropriate authorities to whom it reports the crime, to the extent that the transmission is permitted by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act.

This chapter must be construed in a manner consistent with the following laws and rules:

(1) RCW 28A.600.010 through 28A.600.022 and 28A.320.211, regarding the administration of student discipline;

(2) RCW 28A.300.042, regarding the collection, reporting, and disaggregation of student-level discipline data;

(3) Chapter 392-190 WAC, prohibiting unlawful discrimination in Washington public schools, including the requirement under WAC 392-190-048 that school districts annually review disaggregated discipline data to identify and address disproportionality in the administration of discipline on the basis of sex, race, limited-English proficiency (i.e., English learners), and disability, including students protected under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act;

(4) WAC 392-172A-05140 through 392-172A-05175, and 34 C.F.R. Part 300.530 through 300.536, regarding the discipline of students with disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; and

(5) RCW 28A.415.410, regarding training to support school personnel in implementing discipline policies and procedures and gaining knowledge and skills in cultural competence.

The school may impose disciplinary sanctions against a student who commits, or aids, abets, incites, encourages or assists another person to commit, ((an act(s) of misconduct))behavioral violations set forth in this section. As applicable, the term "conduct" includes acts performed by electronic means.

(1) Personal offenses. The term "personal offense" is an offense against the safety or security of any person and includes physical assault, reckless endangerment, physical or verbal abuse, threats, intimidation, harassment, bullying, stalking, invasion of privacy, extortion, hazing, or other similar conduct that harms any person, or that is reasonably perceived as threatening the health or safety of any person, or that has the purpose or effect of unlawfully interfering with any person's rights. The term includes personal offenses committed by electronic means.

(a) Bullying is physical or verbal abuse, repeated over time, and involving a power imbalance between the aggressor and victim.

(b) Stalking is intentional and repeated following of another person, which places that person in reasonable fear that the perpetrator intends to injure, intimidate, or harass that person. Stalking also includes instances where the perpetrator knows or reasonably should know that the person is frightened, intimidated, or harassed, even if the perpetrator lacks such an intent.

(2) Property violations. The term "property violation" includes the theft, misappropriation, unauthorized use or possession, vandalism, conversion, or other nonaccidental damaging or destruction of school property or the property of another person; including possession of such property or money after it has been stolen. Property for purposes of this subsection includes computer passwords, access codes, identification cards, other confidential personal information, and intellectual property.

(3) Sexual misconduct. The term "sexual misconduct" includes, but is not limited to, sexual harassment and sexual violence.

(a) Sexual harassment. The term "sexual harassment" means unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, including unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal, nonverbal, or physical conduct of a sexual nature that is sufficiently serious as to deny or limit, and that does deny or limit, based on sex, the ability of a student to participate in or benefit from the school's educational programs/activities or that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive educational environment.

Sexual harassment may include conduct or communication that involves adult to student, student to adult, student to student, adult to adult, male to female, female to male, male to male, and female to female.

(b) Sexual intimidation. The term "sexual intimidation" incorporates the definition of "sexual harassment" and means threatening or emotionally distressing conduct based on sex, including stalking (or cyberstalking), voyeurism, indecent exposure, or the nonconsensual recording of sexual activity or distribution of such recording.

(c) Sexual violence. The term "sexual violence" incorporates the definition of "sexual harassment" and means a physical sexual act perpetrated without clear, knowing, and voluntary consent, such as committing a sexual act against a person's will, exceeding the scope of consent, or where the person is incapable of giving consent. A number of different acts fall into the category of sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault, sexual battery, sexual abuse, sexual coercion, sexual exploitation, or gender- or sex-based stalking. A person may be incapable of giving consent because she or he is underage, unable to understand what is happening, or is disoriented, helpless, asleep or unconscious for any reason, including due to drug or alcohol consumption, is disabled, or cannot consent because of threat or intimidation.

(4) Disruptive or obstructive conduct. The term "disruptive" or "obstructive conduct" means conduct, not protected by law, that interferes with, impedes, or otherwise unreasonably hinders the normal teaching, learning, administrative, or other functions, procedures, services, programs, or activities of the school. The term includes disorderly conduct, breach of the peace, lewd or obscene conduct, obstruction of pedestrian or vehicular traffic, or interfering with the orderly conduct of school investigations or disciplinary proceedings, including interfering with or retaliating against any complainant, witness, or other participant.

(5) Failure to comply. Refusal or failure to comply with instructions or directions of school officials, refusing to comply with any term or condition of a disciplinary sanction.

(6) Safety violations. Any nonaccidental conduct that interferes with or otherwise compromises any school policy, equipment, or procedure relating to the safety and security of the center and school community, including tampering with or disabling safety equipment and triggering false alarms or other emergency response systems.

(7) False or deceptive conduct. The term "false" or "deceptive conduct" means dishonest conduct (other than academic dishonesty) that includes forgery, altering or falsifying of school records, furnishing false or misleading information, or falsely accusing any person of misconduct.

(8) Academic dishonesty. All forms of cheating, plagiarism and fabrication.

(a) Cheating. Cheating includes any attempt to give or obtain unauthorized assistance relating to the completion of an academic assignment. This includes assisting another to commit an act of academic dishonesty or allowing someone to do these things for one's benefit.

(b) Plagiarism. Plagiarism includes taking and using as one's own, without proper attribution, the ideas, writings or work of another person in completing an academic assignment. Prohibited conduct may also include the unauthorized submission for credit of academic work that has been submitted for credit in another course.

(c) Fabrication. Fabrication includes falsifying data, information, or citations in completing an academic assignment and also includes providing false or deceptive information to a teacher concerning the completion of an assignment.

(9) Unauthorized access. The term "unauthorized access" means gaining entry without permission to any restricted area or property of the school or the property of another person, including any computer system, email account, or electronic or paper files. Unauthorized access includes computer hacking and the unauthorized possession or sharing of any restricted means of gaining access, including keys, keycards, passwords, or access codes.

(10) Alcohol, drug and tobacco violations.

(a) Alcohol. Use, possession, delivery, or being visibly under the influence of any alcoholic beverages.

(b) Marijuana. Use, possession, delivery, or being visibly under the influence of marijuana or the psychoactive compounds found in marijuana and intended for human consumption, regardless of form.

(c) Drug. Use, possession, distribution, delivery, or being under the influence of any legend drug, including anabolic steroids, androgens, or human growth hormones as defined in chapter 69.41 RCW, or any other controlled substance under chapter 69.50 RCW, except as prescribed for a student's use by a licensed practitioner. The abuse, misuse, or unlawful sale or distribution of prescription or over-the-counter medications may also constitute a drug violation.

(d) Drug or alcohol paraphernalia. Use, possession, distribution, or delivery of any drug or alcohol related paraphernalia. Possession of paraphernalia includes any item that can be used to ingest or conceal drugs or alcohol.

(e)Tobacco. Smoking or use of tobacco, tobacco products, electronic smoking devices, vape products, or other smoking devices.

(11) Retaliation. Harming, threatening, intimidating, coercing or taking adverse action of any kind against a person because such person reported an alleged violation of this code or other school policies, provided information about an alleged violation, or participated as a witness or in any other capacity in an investigation or disciplinary proceeding.

(12) Weapons violations. A "weapons violation" includes possessing, carrying, displaying, exhibiting, or storing any firearm or dangerous weapon. Dangerous weapons include, but are not limited to, firearms, dangerous chemicals, explosives, ((slungshots))slingshots, sand clubs, metal knuckles, daggers, dirks, spring blade knives, nunchaku sticks, throwing stars, air guns, stun guns, and devices used or intended to be used as a weapon to injure a person by an electric shock, charge, or impulse.

(13) Harassment, intimidation, or bullying. Harassment, intimidation, or bullying means any intentional electronic, written, signed, verbal or physical act including, but not limited to, one shown to be motivated by race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual orientation including gender identity or expression, mental or physical disability, socio-economic status, physical appearance, or other distinguishing characteristic, when the act:

(a) Physically harms a student or damages the student's property;

(b) Has the effect of substantially interfering with a student's education;

(c) Is so severe, persistent, or pervasive that it creates an intimidating or threatening educational environment; or

(d) Has the effect of substantially disrupting the orderly operation of the school.

Nothing in this section requires the affected student to actually possess a characteristic that is a basis for the harassment, intimidation, or bullying.

"Intentional act" refers to the individual's choice to engage in the act rather than the ultimate impact of the action(s).

Harassment, intimidation, and bullying are often carried out through acts of misconduct, which are addressed and prohibited under other rules in this chapter.

(14) Gang activity. Claiming membership in, association with, affiliation with, or participation in a gang, in gang-related activities or similar destructive or illegal group behavior at school, during school-related functions, or on any school property. "Gang" has the meaning given the term under RCW 28A.600.455.

(15) Theft or misuse of electronic resources. Theft or misuse of computer time or other electronic information resources of the school. Such misuse includes, but is not limited to:

(a) Unauthorized use of such resources or opening of a file, message, or other item;

(b) Unauthorized duplication, transfer, or distribution of a computer program, file, message, or other item;

(c) Unauthorized use or distribution of someone else's password or other identification;

(d) Use of such time or resources to interfere with someone else's work;

(e) Use of such time or resources to send, display, or print an obscene or abusive message, text, or image;

(f) Use of such time or resources to harass, abuse, bully or engage in other conduct which harms, threatens, or is reasonably perceived as threatening the health or safety of another person;

(g) Use of such time or resources to interfere with normal operation of the school's computing system or other electronic information resources;

(h) Use of such time or resources in violation of applicable copyright or other law;

(i) Failure to comply with the student computing resources policy.

(16) Cyber misconduct. Cyberstalking, cyberbullying, or online harassment. Use of electronic communications including, but not limited to, electronic mail, instant messaging, electronic bulletin boards, and social media sites to harass, abuse, bully, or engage in other conduct which harms, threatens, or is reasonably perceived as threatening the health or safety of another person. Prohibited activities include, but are not limited to, unauthorized monitoring of another's email communications directly or through spyware, sending threatening emails, disrupting electronic communications with spam or by sending a computer virus, sending false messages to third parties using another's email identity, nonconsensual recording of sexual activity, and nonconsensual distribution of a recording of sexual activity.

(17) Prohibited items. The school prohibits:

(18)Violation of other laws or policies. Violation of any federal, state, local law, rule, or regulation or other school rules or policies which are published annually in the student/parent handbook.

(1) ((No form of disciplinary action shall be enforced in such a manner as to prevent a student from accomplishing specific academic grade, subject, or graduation requirement:))The school will not administer discipline in a manner that would prevent a student from completing subject, grade-level, or graduation requirements; provided, that a student's academic grade or credit in a particular subject or course may be adversely affected as a result of excessive tardiness or absences.

(2) ((Corporal punishment as defined by the superintendent of public instruction in WAC 392-400-235(2) as now or hereafter amended, is prohibited.))The school will not suspend the provision of educational services to a student in response to behavioral violations.

(((1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, a student may be removed immediately from a class, subject, or activity by a certificated teacher or an administrator and sent to the principal or his/her designee: Provided, That the teacher or administrator has good and sufficient reason to believe that the student's presence poses an immediate and continuing danger to the student, other students, or school personnel, or an immediate and continuing threat of substantial disruption of the class, subject, activity, or educational process of the school. The removal from classes, subjects, or activities shall continue only until:

(2) The principal or his/her designee shall meet with the student as soon as reasonably possible following the student's removal and initiate or take appropriate corrective action. In no case shall the student's opportunity for such meeting be delayed beyond the commencement of the next school day. Prior to or at the time any such student is returned to the class(es), subject(s), or activity(ies), the principal or his/her designee shall notify the teacher or administrator who removed the student therefrom of the action which has been taken.))(1) In accordance with this chapter and school policy, staff will administer discipline in ways that respond to the needs and strengths of students, support students in meeting behavioral expectations, and keep students in the classroom to the maximum extent possible.

(1) Any parent or student who is aggrieved by the administration of discretionary and nondiscretionary discipline other than suspensions, expulsions, and emergency removals, including discipline that excludes a student from transportation or extracurricular activity, may request an informal conference with the principal for resolving the grievance.

(2) At the informal conference, the student and parent will have the opportunity to voice issues and concerns related to the grievance. The principal will have the opportunity to address issues and questions raised and to ask questions of the parent or student.

CLASSROOM EXCLUSIONS

(1) Authority to administer classroom and instructional or activity area exclusions. Discretionary discipline leading to a classroom exclusion gives the highest consideration to the judgment of qualified certificated educators regarding the conditions necessary to maintain the optimum learning experience.

(2) A teacher may exclude a student from the teacher's individual classroom and instructional or activity area while the student is under the teacher's immediate supervision, subject to the requirements in WAC 392-400-110. Except in emergency circumstances, the teacher first must attempt one or more alternative forms of corrective action. A classroom exclusion does not include actions that result in missed instruction for a brief duration when:

(a) A teacher or other school personnel uses evidence-based classroom management practices outlined in RCW 28A.410.270, 28A.405.100, and 28A.410.260 to support the student in meeting behavioral expectations; and

(b) The student remains under the supervision of the teacher or other school personnel during such brief duration.

(3) Duration of classroom exclusion.

(a) A classroom exclusion may be administered for all or any portion of the balance of the school day, or up to the following two school days, or until the principal and teacher have conferred, whichever occurs first.

(b) A classroom exclusion that exceeds this time period, and if such students have repeatedly disrupted the learning of other students, may be considered a suspension in accordance with this chapter and must provide for the early involvement of parents in attempts to improve the student's behavior.

(4) All staff will work cooperatively toward consistent enforcement of proper student behavior throughout the school, as well as within each classroom.

(5) Assignments and tests. The school must provide the student an opportunity to make up any assignments and tests missed during the classroom exclusion.

Following a classroom exclusion under WAC 148-120-330:

(1) The teacher must communicate and collaborate with students, families, and all educational stakeholders in an ethical and professional manner to promote student learning. WAC 392-400-110.

(2) Notice to principal. The teacher or other school personnel must report the classroom exclusion, including the behavioral violation that led to the classroom exclusion, to the principal as soon as reasonably possible.

(3) Notice to parents. The teacher or principal must notify the student's parents regarding the classroom exclusion as soon as reasonably possible. The school must ensure that this notification is in a language the parents understand, which may require language assistance for parents with limited-English proficiency under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

(4) Emergency circumstances. When a teacher administers a classroom exclusion on the grounds that the student's presence poses an immediate and continuing danger to other students or school personnel, or an immediate and continuing threat of material and substantial disruption of the educational process:

(a) The teacher or other school personnel must immediately notify the principal; and

(b) The principal must meet with the student as soon as reasonably possible and administer appropriate discipline.

SUSPENSIONS AND EXPULSIONS

WAC 392-400-430, the rule for suspensions and expulsions, general conditions and limitations, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-435, the rule for short-term and in-school suspensions, additional conditions and limitations, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-440, the rule for long-term suspensions, additional conditions and limitations, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-445, the rule for expulsions, additional conditions and limitations, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-450, the rule for suspensions and expulsions, initial hearing with student, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-455, the rule for suspensions and expulsions, notice to student and parents, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-460, the rule for suspensions and expulsions, optional conference with principal, is incorporated by reference.

(1) Requesting an appeal. A student or the parents may appeal a suspension or expulsion to the school's superintendent orally or in writing.

(2) Time limit. A request for an appeal should be submitted within 21 calendar days from the date the school provides written notice under WAC 148-120-455.

(3) Short-term and in-school suspensions.

(a) Appeal. The superintendent must provide the student and parents the opportunity to share the student's perspective and explanation regarding the behavioral violation orally or in writing.

(b) Appeal decision. The superintendent must deliver a written appeal decision to the student and parents in person, by mail, or by email within two school business days after receiving the appeal. The written appeal decision is an initial order. The initial order must include:

(i) The decision to affirm, reverse, or modify the suspension;

(ii) The duration and conditions of the suspension, including the dates on which the suspension will begin and end;

(iii) The educational services the school will offer to the student during the suspension under WAC 148-120-610; and

(iv) Notice of the student's and parents' right to request review and reconsideration of the initial decision under WAC 148-120-470, including where and to whom to make the request. If no request for review is filed within 21 calendar days of service of the initial order, the initial order shall be deemed the final order.

(4) Long-term suspensions and expulsions.

(a) Student disciplinary proceedings under this section shall be governed by the Administrative Procedure Act, chapter 34.05 RCW and by the model rules of procedure, chapter 10-08 WAC. To the extent there is a conflict between these rules and chapter 10-08 WAC, these rules shall control.

(b) Notice. Within one school business day after receiving the appeal request, unless otherwise agreed to by the student and parents, the superintendent must provide the student and parents written notice in person, by mail, or by email of:

(i) The time, date, and location of the appeal hearing;

(ii) The name(s) of the official(s) presiding over the appeal;

(iii) The student's and parents' rights to inspect the student's education record under (f) of this subsection;

(iv) The student's and parents' right to inspect any documentary or physical evidence and a list of any witnesses that will be introduced at the hearing under (f) of this subsection;

(v) The student's and parents' rights under (g) of this subsection; and

(vi) Whether the school will offer to hold a reengagement meeting under WAC 148-120-710 before the appeal hearing.

(c) Reengagement. Before the appeal hearing, the student, parents, and school may agree to hold a reengagement meeting and develop a reengagement plan under WAC 148-120-710. The student, parents, and school may mutually agree to postpone the appeal hearing while participating in the reengagement process.

(d) Appeal hearing. The school must hold an appeal hearing within three school business days from the date the superintendent received the appeal request, unless otherwise agreed to by the student or parents.

(e) Presiding officials. The superintendent will serve as the presiding official to hear and decide appeals for long-term suspensions and expulsions under this section. The presiding official(s) may not be involved in the student's behavioral violation or decision to suspend or expel the student and must be knowledgeable about the rules in this chapter, chapters 392-400 and 148-108 WAC, and of the school's discipline policies.

(f) Evidence and witnesses.

(i) Upon request, the student, parents, and school may inspect any documentary or physical evidence and a list of any witnesses that will be introduced at the appeal hearing. The school, student, or parents must make the information available as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than the end of the school business day before the appeal hearing.

(ii) Upon request, the student and parents may review the student's education records. The school must make the records available as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than the end of the school business day before the appeal hearing.

(iii) If a witness for the school cannot or does not appear at the appeal hearing, the presiding official(s) may excuse the witness's nonappearance if the school establishes that:

(A) The school made a reasonable effort to produce the witness; and

(B) The witness's failure to appear is excused by fear of reprisal or another compelling reason.

(g) Student and parent rights. During the appeal hearing, the student and parents have the right to:

(i) Be represented by legal counsel;

(ii) Question witnesses;

(iii) Share the student's perspective and explanation regarding the behavioral violation; and

(iv) Introduce relevant documentary, physical, or testimonial evidence.

(h) Recording of hearing. The appeal hearing must be recorded by analog, digital, or other type of recording device. The school must provide the recording to the student or parents upon request.

(i) Appeal decision. The presiding official(s) must base the decision solely on the evidence presented at the hearing. The presiding official(s) must provide a written decision to the student and parents in person, by mail, or by email within three school business days after the appeal hearing. The written decision must include:

(i) The findings of fact;

(ii) A determination whether:

(A) The student's behavior violated the school's student code of conduct, chapter 148-120 WAC;

(B) The behavioral violation reasonably warrants the suspension or expulsion and the length of the suspension or expulsion; and

(C) The suspension or expulsion is affirmed, reversed, or modified;

(iii) The duration and conditions of the suspension or expulsion, including the dates on which the suspension or expulsion will begin and end;

(iv) Notice of the student's and parents' right to request review and reconsideration of the appeal decision under WAC 148-120-470, including where and to whom to make the request; and

(v) Notice of the opportunity to participate in a reengagement meeting under WAC 148-120-710 and the contact information for the person who will coordinate scheduling of the reengagement meeting.

(5) Language assistance. The school must ensure that the notice, appeal proceedings, and decision are in a language the student and parents understand, which may require language assistance for students and parents with limited-English proficiency under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

(6) Pending appeal. If the student or parents request any appeal under this section, the school may temporarily continue to administer the suspension or expulsion during the appeal period subject to the following requirements:

(a) The school may temporarily continue to administer the suspension or expulsion for no more than 10 consecutive school days from the initial hearing under WAC 148-120-450 or until the appeal is decided, whichever is earlier;

(b) Any days that the student is temporarily suspended or expelled before the appeal is decided must be applied to the term of the student's suspension or expulsion and may not extend the term of the student's suspension or expulsion;

(c) If the student who is temporarily suspended or expelled returns to school before the appeal is decided under this section, the school must provide the student with an opportunity to make up assignments and tests missed during the suspension or expulsion upon the student's return.

(1) Requesting review. For the purposes of this section, "reviewing officer" means the director who reviews and reconsiders the school's appeal decision under WAC 148-120-465. The student or parents may request the review orally or in writing.

(2) Time limit. A request for a review of short-term suspension, in-school suspension, long-term suspension, or expulsion should be submitted within 21 calendar days from the date the school provides written notice under WAC 148-120-465.

(3) Review procedure.

(a) In reviewing the school's decision, the reviewing officer must consider all documentary and physical evidence related to the behavioral violation, and any records from the appeal under WAC 148-120-465, relevant state law, and the school's student conduct code under this chapter.

(b) The reviewing officer may request to meet with the student or parents, the principal, witnesses, or school personnel to hear further arguments and gather additional information.

(c) The reviewing officer must not have been involved in the behavioral violation, the decision to suspend or expel the student, or the appeal decision under WAC 148-120-465.

(4) Decision. The reviewing officer must provide a written decision to the student and parents in person, by mail, or by email within 10 school business days after receiving the request for review and reconsideration. The written decision must state:

(a) Whether the reviewing officer affirms, reverses, or modifies the suspension or expulsion;

(b) The duration and conditions of the suspension or expulsion, including the dates on which the suspension and expulsion will begin and end;

(c) For long-term suspensions or expulsions, notice of the opportunity to participate in a reengagement meeting under WAC 148-120-710; and

(d) A notice that the reviewing officer's decision shall be final and shall include a notice of any rights to request reconsideration or judicial review. A request for review may be deemed to have been denied if the reviewing officer does not make a disposition of the matter within 20 calendar days after the request is submitted.

(5) Language assistance. The school must ensure that any review proceedings and decision are in a language the student and parents understand, which may require language assistance for students and parents with limited-English proficiency under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The board designates a discipline appeal council to review and reconsider the superintendent's written decision granting a petition to extend expulsion under WAC 148-120-480. A discipline appeal council must consist of at least three persons appointed by the board for fixed terms. All members of the discipline appeal council must be knowledgeable about the rules in this chapter and of the school's discipline policies and procedures.

(1) Petition. When risk to public health or safety warrants extending a student's expulsion, the principal may petition the school's superintendent for authorization to exceed the academic term limitation on an expulsion. The petition must inform the superintendent of:

(a) The behavioral violation that resulted in the expulsion and the public health or safety concerns;

(b) The student's academic, attendance, and discipline history;

(c) Any nonacademic supports and behavioral services the student was offered or received during the expulsion;

(d) The student's academic progress during the expulsion and the educational services available to the student during the expulsion;

(e) The proposed length of the expulsion; and

(f) The student's reengagement plan.

(2) Time limit. The principal may petition to extend an expulsion only after the development of a reengagement plan under WAC 148-120-710 and before the end of the expulsion. For violations of WAC 148-120-820, the principal may petition to extend an expulsion at any time.

(3) Notice. The school must provide written notice of the petition to the student and parents in person, by mail or by email within one school business day from the date the superintendent received the petition. The written notice must include:

(a) A copy of the petition;

(b) The student's and parents' right to an informal conference with the superintendent to be held within five school business days from the date the school provided written notice to the student and parents; and

(c) The student's and parents' right to respond to the petition orally or in writing to the superintendent within five school business days from the date the school provided written notice.

(4) Written decision. The superintendent may grant the petition only if there is substantial evidence that, if the student were to return to the school after the length of an academic term, the student would pose a risk to public health or safety. The superintendent must deliver a written decision to the principal, the student, and the student's parents in person, by mail, or by email within 10 school business days after receiving the petition.

(a) If the petition is granted, the written decision must include:

(i) The date on which the extended expulsion will end;

(ii) The reason that, if the student were to return before the initial expulsion end date, the student would pose a risk to public health or safety; and

(iii) Notice of the student's or parents' right to request review and reconsideration of the appeal decision under subsection (5) of this section, including where and to whom to make the request.

(b) If the petition is not granted, the written decision must identify the date on which the expulsion will end.

(5) Review and reconsideration.

(a) Requesting review. The student or parents may request that the discipline appeal council review and reconsider the decision to extend the student's expulsion. The student or parents may request the review orally or in writing.

(b) Time limit. A request for review should be submitted within 21 calendar days from the date the school provides a written decision under subsection (4) of this section.

(c) Review procedure.

(i) The discipline appeal council may request to meet with the student or parents or the principal to hear further arguments and gather additional information.

(ii) The decision of the discipline appeal council may be made only by council members who were not involved in the behavioral violation, the decision to expel the student, or the appeal decision under WAC 148-120-465.

(d) Decision. The discipline appeal council must provide a written decision to the student and parents in person, by mail, or by email within 10 school business days after receiving the request for review and reconsideration. The written decision must state:

(i) Whether the council affirms, reverses, or modifies the decision to extend the student's expulsion;

(ii) The date on which the extended expulsion will end; and

(iii) A notice that judicial review may be available. A request for review may be deemed to have been denied if the discipline appeal council does not make a disposition of the matter within 20 calendar days after the request is submitted.

(6) Duration. Any extension of an expulsion may not exceed the length of an academic term.

(7) Language assistance. The school must ensure that any petition proceedings, notices, and decisions are provided in a language the student and parents understand, which may require assistance for students and parents with limited-English proficiency under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

(8) Annual reporting. The school must annually report the number of petitions approved and denied to the office of the superintendent of public instruction.

EMERGENCY REMOVAL

WAC 392-400-510, the rule for emergency removals, conditions and limitations, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-515, the rule for emergency removals, notice to student and parents, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-520, the rule for emergency removals, optional conference with principal, is incorporated by reference.

(1) Requesting an appeal. A student or the parents may appeal an emergency removal to the superintendent orally or in writing.

(2) Time limit. A request to appeal an emergency removal should be submitted within 21 calendar days from the date the school provides the written notice of the emergency removal.

(3) Notice. Within one school business day after receiving the appeal request, unless otherwise agreed to by the student and parents, the superintendent must provide the student and parents written notice in person, by mail, or by email of:

(a) The time, date, and location of the appeal hearing;

(b) The name(s) of the official(s) presiding over the appeal;

(c) The student's and parents' rights to inspect the student's education records under subsection (6) of this section;

(d) The student's and parents' rights to inspect any documentary or physical evidence and a list of any witnesses that will be introduced at the hearing under subsection (6) of this section; and

(e) The student's and parents' rights under subsection (7) of this section.

(4) Appeal hearing. The school must hold an appeal hearing as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than two school business days after the date the superintendent received the appeal request, unless otherwise agreed to by the student and parents.

(5) Presiding official(s). The superintendent will decide appeals under this section. The superintendent may not have been involved in the student's behavioral violation or decision to emergency remove the student and must be knowledgeable about the rules in this chapter, chapter 392-400 WAC, and the school's discipline policies and procedures.

(6) Evidence and witnesses.

(a) Upon request, the student, parents, and school may inspect any documentary or physical evidence and a list of any witnesses that will be introduced at the appeal hearing. The school, student, or parents must make the information available as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than the end of the school business day before the appeal hearing.

(b) Upon request, the student and parents may review the student's education records. The school must make the records available as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than the end of the school business day before the appeal hearing.

(c) If a witness for the school cannot or does not appear at the appeal hearing, the presiding official(s) may excuse the witness's nonappearance if the school establishes that:

(i) The school made a reasonable effort to produce the witness; and

(ii) The witness's failure to appear is excused by fear of reprisal or another compelling reason.

(7) Student and parent rights. The student and parents have the right to:

(a) Be represented by legal counsel;

(b) Question witnesses;

(c) Share the student's perspective and provide explanation regarding the events that led to the emergency removal; and

(d) Introduce relevant documentary, physical, or testimonial evidence.

(8) Recording of hearing. The appeal hearing must be recorded by analog, digital, or other type of recording device. The school must provide the recording to the student or parents upon request.

(9) Appeal decision. The school must provide a written decision to the student and parents in person, by mail, or by email within one school business day after the appeal hearing. The written decision must include:

(a) The findings of fact;

(b) A determination whether the student's presence continues to pose:

(i) An immediate and continuing danger to students or school personnel; or

(ii) An immediate and continuing threat of material and substantial disruption of the educational process.

(c) Whether the school will end the emergency removal or convert the emergency removal to a suspension or expulsion. If the school converts the emergency removal to a suspension or expulsion, the school must provide the student and parents notice and due process under WAC 148-120-430 through 148-120-470; and

(d) Notice of the student's and parents' right to request review and reconsideration of the appeal decision under WAC 148-120-530, including where and to whom to make the request.

(10) Language assistance. The school must ensure that any appeal proceedings, notices, and decisions are provided in a language the student and parents understand, which may require language assistance for students and parents with limited-English proficiency under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

(1) Requesting review. The student or parents may request that the director review and reconsider the school's appeal decision under WAC 148-120-525. The student or parents may request the review orally or in writing.

(2) Time limit. A request for review under this section should be submitted within 21 calendar days from the date the school provided the written appeal decision to the student and parents under WAC 148-120-525.

(3) Review procedure.

(a) In reviewing the school's decision, the director must consider all documentary and physical evidence related to the events that led to the emergency removal, any records from the appeal under WAC 148-120-525, relevant state law, and the school's discipline policy and procedures.

(b) The director may request to meet with the student or parents, the principal, witnesses, or school personnel to hear further arguments and gather information.

(c) The director must not have been involved in the events that led to the emergency removal, the decision to emergency remove the student, or the appeal decision under WAC 148-120-525.

(4) Decision. The director must provide a written decision to the student and parents in person, by mail, or by email within five school business days after receiving the request for review and reconsideration. The written decision must state:

(a) Whether the director affirms or reverses the school's decision that the student's presence posed:

(i) An immediate and continuing danger to students or school personnel; or

(ii) An immediate and continuing threat of material and substantial disruption of the educational process;

(b) If the emergency removal has not yet ended or been converted, whether the school will end the emergency removal or convert the emergency removal to a suspension or expulsion. If the school converts the emergency removal to a suspension or expulsion, the school must provide the student and parents notice and due process under WAC 148-120-430 through 148-120-470; and

(c) A notice that judicial review may be available.

(5) Language assistance. The school must ensure that any review proceedings and decision are in a language the student and parents understand, which may require language assistance for students and parents with limited-English proficiency under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

WAC 392-400-610, the rule for educational services during suspension, expulsion, or emergency expulsion, is incorporated by reference.

REENGAGEMENT

WAC 392-400-710, the rule for student reengagement after long-term suspension or expulsion, is incorporated by reference.

ADDITIONAL DUE PROCESS PROTECTIONS

WAC 392-400-810, the rule for exceptions for the purpose of protecting victims, is incorporated by reference.

(1) Authorization. The school authorizes the assistant principal, principal, or superintendent to enter into behavior agreements with students and parents in response to behavioral violations.

(2) General. Behavior agreements include agreements to reduce the length of a suspension conditioned on the student's participation in treatment services, agreements in lieu of suspension or expulsion, or agreements holding a suspension or expulsion in abeyance. Behavior agreements will describe the school's actions planned to support students in meeting behavioral expectations. Behavior agreements may be supplemental to but will not replace best practices and strategies implemented at the classroom level to support students in meeting behavioral expectations.

(3) Behavior agreements entered into with students and parents under this section may not replace or negate provisions within a student's Individual Education Plan (IEP), 504 Plan, or Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP).

(4) Reengagement meetings and educational services. A behavior agreement does not waive a student's opportunity to participate in a reengagement meeting under WAC 148-120-710, or receive educational services as provided under WAC 148-120-610.

(5) Duration. The duration of behavior agreements must not exceed the length of an academic term.

(6) Subsequent behavioral violation. Nothing in this section precludes the school from administering discipline for behavioral violations that occur after the school enters into an agreement with the student and parents.

(7) Language assistance. The school will ensure that any behavior agreement under this section is provided in a language the student and parents understand, which may require language assistance for students and parents with limited-English proficiency under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

WAC 392-400-820, the rule for firearm exceptions, is incorporated by reference.

WAC 392-400-825, the rule for corporal punishment, restraint, and isolation, is incorporated by reference.