AN ACT
Relating to municipal sewage sludge; amending RCW 43.19A.010, 43.21B.110,
47.28.220, 70.95.255, 70.95.030, and 90.48.465; adding a new chapter to Title
70 RCW; and prescribing penalties.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE
OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 1. (1)
The legislature finds that:
(a)
Municipal sewage sludge is an unavoidable byproduct of the wastewater treatment
process;
(b)
Population increases and technological improvements in wastewater treatment
processes will double the amount of sludge generated within the next ten years;
(c)
Sludge management is often a financial burden to municipalities and to
ratepayers;
(d)
Properly managed municipal sewage sludge is a valuable commodity and can be
beneficially used in agriculture, silviculture, and in landscapes as a soil
conditioner; and
(e)
Municipal sewage sludge can contain metals and microorganisms that, under
certain circumstances, may pose a risk to public health.
(2)
The legislature declares that a program shall be established to manage
municipal sewage sludge and that the program shall, to the maximum extent
possible, ensure that municipal sewage sludge is reused as a beneficial
commodity and is managed in a manner that minimizes risk to public health and the
environment.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 2. The
purpose of this chapter is to provide the department of ecology and local
governments with the authority and direction to meet federal regulatory
requirements for municipal sewage sludge. The department of ecology may seek
delegation and administer the sludge permit program required by the federal
clean water act as it existed February 4, 1987.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 3. Unless
the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this section apply
throughout this chapter.
(1)
"Biosolids" means municipal sewage sludge that is a primarily
organic, semisolid product resulting from the waste water treatment process,
that can be beneficially recycled and meets all requirements under this
chapter. For the purposes of this chapter, "biosolids" includes
septic tank sludge, also known as septage, that can be beneficially recycled
and meets all requirements under this chapter.
(2)
"Department" means the department of ecology.
(3)
"Local health department" has the same meaning as
"jurisdictional health department" in RCW 70.95.030.
(4)
"Municipal sewage sludge" means a semisolid substance consisting of
settled sewage solids combined with varying amounts of water and dissolved
materials generated from a publicly owned wastewater treatment plant.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 4. (1)
The department shall adopt rules to implement a biosolid management program
within twelve months of the adoption of federal rules, 40 C.F.R. Sec. 503,
relating to technical standards for the use and disposal of sewage sludge. The
biosolid management program shall, at a minimum, conform with all applicable
federal rules adopted pursuant to the federal clean water act as it existed on
February 4, 1987.
(2) In
addition to any federal requirements, the state biosolid management program may
include, but not be limited to, an education program to provide relevant legal
and scientific information to local governments and citizen groups.
(3)
Rules adopted by the department under this section shall provide for public
input and involvement for all state and local permits.
(4)
Materials that have received a permit as a biosolid shall be regulated pursuant
to this chapter.
(5)
The transportation of biosolids and municipal sewage sludge shall be governed
by Title 81 RCW. Certificates issued by the utilities and transportation
commission before the effective date of this section that include or authorize
transportation of municipal sewage sludge shall continue in force and effect
and be interpreted to include biosolids.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 5. The
department may work with all appropriate state agencies, local governments, and
private entities to establish beneficial uses for biosolids and glassified
sewage sludge.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 6. If a
person violates any provision of this chapter, or a permit issued or rule
adopted pursuant to this chapter, the department may issue an appropriate order
to assure compliance with the chapter, permit, or rule.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 7. The
department, with the assistance of the attorney general, may bring an action at
law or in equity, including an action for injunctive relief, to enforce this
chapter or a permit issued or rule adopted by the department pursuant to this
chapter.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 8. A
person who willfully violates, without sufficient cause, any of the provisions
of this chapter, or a permit or order issued pursuant to this chapter, is
guilty of a gross misdemeanor. Willful violation of this chapter, or a permit
or order issued pursuant to this chapter is a gross misdemeanor punishable by a
fine of up to ten thousand dollars and costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment
for up to one year, or by both. Each day of violation may be deemed a separate
violation.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 9. In
addition to any other penalty provided by law, a person who violates this
chapter or rules or orders adopted or issued pursuant to it shall be subject to
a penalty in an amount of up to five thousand dollars a day for each
violation. Each violation shall be a separate violation. In the case of a
continuing violation, each day of violation is a separate violation. An act of
commission or omission that procures, aids, or abets in the violation shall be
considered a violation under this section.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 10. The
department may delegate to a local health department the powers necessary to
issue and enforce permits to use or dispose of biosolids. A delegation may be
withdrawn if the department finds that a local health department is not
effectively administering the permit program.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 11. (1)
Any permit issued by a local health department under section 10 of this act may
be reviewed by the department to ensure that the proposed site or facility
conforms with all applicable laws, rules, and standards under this chapter.
(2) If
the department does not approve or disapprove a permit within sixty days, the
permit shall be considered approved.
(3) A
local health department may appeal the department's decision to disapprove a
permit to the pollution control hearings board, as provided in chapter 43.21B
RCW.
Sec.
12. RCW
43.19A.010 and 1991 c 297 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:
Unless
the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this section apply
throughout this chapter.
(1)
"Compost products" means mulch, soil amendments, ground cover, or
other landscaping material derived from the biological or mechanical conversion
of biosolids or cellulose-containing waste materials.
(2)
"Department" means the department of general administration.
(3)
"Director" means the director of the department of general
administration.
(4)
"Local government" means a city, town, county, special purpose
district, school district, or other municipal corporation.
(5)
"Lubricating oil" means petroleum-based oils for reducing friction in
engine parts and other mechanical parts.
(6)
"Mixed waste paper" means assorted low-value grades of paper that
have not been separated into individual grades of paper at the point of
collection.
(7) "Municipal
sewage sludge" means a semisolid substance consisting of settled sewage
solids combined with varying amounts of water and dissolved materials generated
from a publicly owned wastewater treatment plant.
(8)
"Biosolids" means municipal sewage sludge or septic tank septage
sludge that meets the requirements of chapter 70.-- RCW (sections 1 through 11
of this act).
(9)
"Paper and paper products" means all items manufactured from paper or
paperboard.
(((8)))
(10) "Postconsumer waste" means a material or product that has
served its intended use and has been discarded for disposal or recovery by a
final consumer.
(((9)))
(11) "Procurement officer" means the person that has the
primary responsibility for procurement of materials or products.
(((10)))
(12) "State agency" means all units of state government,
including divisions of the governor's office, the legislature, the judiciary,
state agencies and departments, correctional institutions, vocational technical
institutions, and universities and colleges.
(((11)))
(13) "Recycled content product" or "recycled
product" means a product containing recycled materials.
(((12)))
(14) "Recycled materials" means waste materials and
by-products that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste and that can
be utilized in place of a raw or virgin material in manufacturing a product and
consists of materials derived from postconsumer waste, manufacturing waste,
industrial scrap, agricultural wastes, and other items, all of which can be
used in the manufacture of new or recycled products.
(((13)))
(15) "Re-refined oils" means used lubricating oils from which
the physical and chemical contaminants acquired through previous use have been
removed through a refining process. Re-refining may include distillation,
hydrotreating, or treatments employing acid, caustic, solvent, clay, or other
chemicals, or other physical treatments other than those used in reclaiming.
(((14)))
(16) "USEPA product standards" means the product standards of
the United States environmental protection agency for recycled content
published in the code of federal regulations.
Sec.
13. RCW
43.21B.110 and 1989 c 175 s 102 are each amended to read as follows:
(1)
The hearings board shall only have jurisdiction to hear and decide appeals from
the following decisions of the department, the director, and the air pollution
control boards or authorities as established pursuant to chapter 70.94 RCW, or
local health departments:
(a) Civil
penalties imposed pursuant to RCW 70.94.431, 70.105.080, 70.107.050, 90.03.600,
90.48.144, and ((90.48.350)) 90.56.330.
(b)
Orders issued pursuant to RCW 43.27A.190, 70.94.211, 70.94.332, 70.105.095,
86.16.020, 90.14.130, and 90.48.120.
(c)
The issuance, modification, or termination of any permit, certificate, or
license by the department or any air authority in the exercise of its
jurisdiction, including the issuance or termination of a waste disposal permit,
the denial of an application for a waste disposal permit, or the modification
of the conditions or the terms of a waste disposal permit.
(d)
Decisions of local health departments regarding the grant or denial of solid
waste permits pursuant to chapter 70.95 RCW.
(e) Decisions
of local health departments regarding the issuance and enforcement of permits
to use or dispose of biosolids under section 10 of this act.
(f)
Any other decision by the department or an air authority which pursuant to law
must be decided as an adjudicative proceeding under chapter 34.05 RCW.
(2)
The following hearings shall not be conducted by the hearings board:
(a)
Hearings required by law to be conducted by the shorelines hearings board
pursuant to chapter 90.58 RCW.
(b)
Hearings conducted by the department pursuant to RCW 70.94.332, 70.94.390,
70.94.395, 70.94.400, 70.94.405, 70.94.410, and 90.44.180.
(c)
Proceedings by the department relating to general adjudications of water rights
pursuant to chapter 90.03 or 90.44 RCW.
(d)
Hearings conducted by the department to adopt, modify, or repeal rules.
(3)
Review of rules and regulations adopted by the hearings board shall be subject
to review in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Procedure
Act, chapter 34.05 RCW.
Sec.
14. RCW
47.28.220 and 1991 c 297 s 14 are each amended to read as follows:
(1) A
contract awarded in whole or in part for the purchase of compost products as a
soil cover or soil amendment to state highway rights of way shall specify that
compost products be purchased in accordance with the following schedule:
(a)
For the period July 1, 1991, through June 30, 1993, twenty-five percent of the
total dollar amount purchased;
(b)
For the period July 1, 1993, through June 30, 1995, fifty percent of the total
dollar amount purchased. The percentages in this subsection apply only to the
materials' value, and do not include services or other materials.
(2) In
order to carry out the provisions of this section, the department of
transportation shall develop and adopt bid specifications for compost products
used in state highway construction projects.
(3)(a)
For purposes of this section, "compost products" means mulch, soil
amendments, ground cover, or other landscaping material derived from the
biological or mechanical conversion of biosolids or cellulose-containing waste
materials.
(b)
For purposes of this section, "biosolids" means municipal sewage
sludge or septic tank septage sludge that meets the requirements of chapter
70.-- RCW (sections 1 through 11 of this act).
Sec.
15. RCW
70.95.255 and 1986 c 297 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
After
January 1, 1988, the department of ecology may prohibit disposal of ((municipal))
sewage sludge or septic tank sludge (septage) in landfills for final disposal,
except on a temporary, emergency basis, if the jurisdictional health department
determines that a potentially unhealthful circumstance exists. Beneficial uses
of sludge in landfill reclamation is acceptable utilization and not considered
disposal.
The
department of ecology shall adopt rules that provide exemptions from this
section on a case-by-case basis. Exemptions shall be based on the economic
infeasibility of using or disposing of the sludge material other than in a
landfill.
((The
department of ecology, after consulting with representatives from cities,
counties, special purpose districts, and operators of septic tank pump-out
services, shall adopt rules for the environmentally safe use of municipal
sewage sludge and septage in this state.
The
department of ecology, after consulting with representatives from the pulp and
paper industry and the food processing industry, may adopt rules for the
environmentally safe use of appropriate industrial sludges, such as pulp and
paper sludges or food processing wastes, used to improve the texture or
nutrient content of soils.))
The
department of ecology, in conjunction with the department of ((social and))
health ((services)) and the department of agriculture, shall adopt rules
establishing labeling and notification requirements for sludge material sold
commercially or given away to the public. The department shall specify
mandatory wording for labels and notification to warn the public against
improper use of the material.
Sec.
16. RCW
70.95.030 and 1991 c 298 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:
As
used in this chapter, unless the context indicates otherwise:
(1)
"City" means every incorporated city and town.
(2)
"Commission" means the utilities and transportation commission.
(3)
"Committee" means the state solid waste advisory committee.
(4)
"Department" means the department of ecology.
(5)
"Director" means the director of the department of ecology.
(6)
"Disposal site" means the location where any final treatment,
utilization, processing, or deposit of solid waste occurs.
(7)
"Energy recovery" means a process operating under federal and state
environmental laws and regulations for converting solid waste into usable
energy and for reducing the volume of solid waste.
(8)
"Functional standards" means criteria for solid waste handling
expressed in terms of expected performance or solid waste handling functions.
(9)
"Incineration" means a process of reducing the volume of solid waste
operating under federal and state environmental laws and regulations by use of
an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion.
(10)
"Jurisdictional health department" means city, county, city-county,
or district public health department.
(11)
"Landfill" means a disposal facility or part of a facility at which
solid waste is placed in or on land and which is not a land treatment facility.
(12)
"Local government" means a city, town, or county.
(13)
"Multiple family residence" means any structure housing two or more
dwelling units.
(14)
"Person" means individual, firm, association, copartnership,
political subdivision, government agency, municipality, industry, public or
private corporation, or any other entity whatsoever.
(15)
"Recyclable materials" means those solid wastes that are separated
for recycling or reuse, such as papers, metals, and glass, that are identified
as recyclable material pursuant to a local comprehensive solid waste plan.
Prior to the adoption of the local comprehensive solid waste plan, adopted
pursuant to RCW 70.95.110(2), local governments may identify recyclable
materials by ordinance from July 23, 1989.
(16)
"Recycling" means transforming or remanufacturing waste materials
into usable or marketable materials for use other than landfill disposal or
incineration.
(17)
"Residence" means the regular dwelling place of an individual or
individuals.
(18) "Sewage
sludge" means a semisolid substance consisting of settled sewage solids
combined with varying amounts of water and dissolved materials, generated from
a wastewater treatment system, that does not meet the requirements of chapter
70.-- RCW (sections 1 through 11 of this act).
(19)
"Solid waste" or "wastes" means all putrescible and
nonputrescible solid and semisolid wastes including, but not limited to,
garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, swill, sewage sludge,
demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or parts thereof, and
recyclable materials.
(((19)))
(20) "Solid waste handling" means the management, storage,
collection, transportation, treatment, utilization, processing, and final
disposal of solid wastes, including the recovery and recycling of materials
from solid wastes, the recovery of energy resources from solid wastes or the
conversion of the energy in solid wastes to more useful forms or combinations
thereof.
(((20)))
(21) "Source separation" means the separation of different
kinds of solid waste at the place where the waste originates.
(((21)))
(22) "Vehicle" includes every device physically capable of
being moved upon a public or private highway, road, street, or watercourse and
in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn
upon a public or private highway, road, street, or watercourse, except devices
moved by human or animal power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or
tracks.
(((22)))
(23) "Waste reduction" means reducing the amount or toxicity
of waste generated or reusing materials.
Sec.
17. RCW
90.48.465 and 1991 c 307 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
(1)
The department shall establish annual fees to collect expenses for issuing and
administering each class of permits under RCW 90.48.160, 90.48.162, ((and))
90.48.260, and sections 4 through 11 of this act. An initial fee
schedule shall be established by rule within one year of March 1, 1989, and
thereafter the fee schedule shall be adjusted no more often than once every two
years. This fee schedule shall apply to all permits, regardless of date of
issuance, and fees shall be assessed prospectively. All fees charged shall be
based on factors relating to the complexity of permit issuance and compliance
and may be based on pollutant loading and toxicity and be designed to encourage
recycling and the reduction of the quantity of pollutants. Fees shall be
established in amounts to fully recover and not to exceed expenses incurred by
the department in processing permit applications and modifications, monitoring
and evaluating compliance with permits, conducting inspections, securing
laboratory analysis of samples taken during inspections, reviewing plans and
documents directly related to operations of permittees, overseeing performance
of delegated pretreatment programs, and supporting the overhead expenses that
are directly related to these activities.
(2)
The annual fee paid by a municipality, as defined in 33 U.S.C. Sec. 1362, for
all domestic wastewater facility permits issued under RCW 90.48.162 ((and)),
90.48.260, and sections 4 through 11 of this act shall not exceed the
total of a maximum of fifteen cents per month per residence or residential
equivalent contributing to the municipality's wastewater system. The
department shall adopt by rule a schedule of credits for any municipality
engaging in a comprehensive monitoring program beyond the requirements imposed
by the department, with the credits available for five years from March 1,
1989, and with the total amount of all credits not to exceed fifty thousand
dollars in the five-year period.
(3)
The department shall ensure that indirect dischargers do not pay twice for the
administrative expense of a permit. Accordingly, administrative expenses for
permits issued by a municipality under RCW 90.48.165 are not recoverable by the
department.
(4) In
establishing fees, the department shall consider the economic impact of fees on
small dischargers and the economic impact of fees on public entities required
to obtain permits for storm water runoff and shall provide appropriate
adjustments.
(5)
All fees collected under this section shall be deposited in the water quality
permit account hereby created in the state treasury. Moneys in the account may
be appropriated only for purposes of administering permits under RCW 90.48.160,
90.48.162, ((and)) 90.48.260, and sections 4 through 11 of this act.
(6)
The department shall submit an annual report to the legislature showing
detailed information on fees collected, actual expenses incurred, and
anticipated expenses for the current and following fiscal years.
(7)
The legislative budget committee in 1993 shall review the fees established
under this section and report its findings to the legislature in January 1994.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 18. Sections
1 through 11 of this act shall constitute a new chapter in Title 70 RCW.
