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AN ACT Relating to metric weights and measures; amending RCW 7.48.140, 8.12.040, 14.16.090, 17.21.410, 18.08.410, 19.94.440, 19.94.450, 19.94.460, 19.122.020, 35.23.430, 35.56.200, 35.56.210, 35.58.2796, 35.58.560, 35.84.060, 35A.14.310, 36.55.020, 36.82.100, 36.85.030, 36.86.010, 36.86.100, 37.08.210, 37.08.250, 39.04.180, 39.35.030, 46.04.071, 46.04.085, 46.04.200, 46.04.304, 46.04.470, 46.04.582, 46.10.100, 46.16.160, 46.37.020, 46.37.050, 46.37.060, 46.37.120, 46.37.140, 46.37.150, 46.37.190, 46.37.215, 46.37.440, 46.37.460, 46.44.020, 46.44.030, 46.44.037, 46.44.042, 46.44.047, 46.44.050, 46.44.070, 46.44.091, 46.44.092, 46.44.105, 46.44.130, 46.44.140, 46.61.120, 46.61.125, 46.61.150, 46.61.295, 46.61.305, 46.61.310, 46.61.340, 46.61.345, 46.61.350, 46.61.355, 46.61.410, 46.61.440, 46.61.450, 46.61.460, 46.61.570, 46.61.575, 46.61.581, 46.61.655, 47.04.010, 47.12.026, 47.17.001, 47.24.020, 47.26.060, 47.28.020, 47.32.140, 47.36.270, 47.36.290, 47.36.310, 47.36.320, 47.36.330, 47.40.080, 47.41.030, 47.41.040, 47.42.020, 47.42.040, 47.42.045, 47.42.062, 47.42.063, 47.42.065, 47.42.130, 47.44.050, 47.52.090, 47.56.220, 47.58.010, 47.68.350, 48.18.297, 49.24.010, 49.24.020, 49.24.080, 49.24.120, 49.24.130, 49.24.140, 49.24.230, 49.24.260, 49.24.270, 49.24.290, 49.24.300, 49.24.310, 49.24.320, 49.70.117, 53.08.310, 53.08.350, 53.54.020, 58.09.050, 58.09.090, 58.17.080, 58.17.090, 58.17.095, 70.74.040, 70.74.191, 70.74.250, 70.74.340, 70.74.350, 79.01.344, 79.90.030, 79.90.035, 79.90.040, 79.90.045, 79.92.030, 79.93.010, 81.36.010, 81.52.040, 81.53.080, 81.53.090, 82.08.0287, 82.12.0282, 82.16.010, 84.36.079, 88.24.040, 90.58.140, and 90.58.320; reenacting and amending RCW 46.61.290; creating a new section; and prescribing penalties.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. The legislature finds that it is a public benefit to provide information as to the metric conversion of the present system adopted in a number of state statutes. The purpose of this act is to provide the metric conversion in a nonbinding form, as shown in parentheses.

The legislature further finds that the statute will be of particular benefit to those agencies and local governments that are involved in federal-aid capital projects. The legislature recognizes the Federal Highway Administration has required that on all direct and federal-aid highway or related construction contracts entered after September 30, 1996, metric units of measurement are to be used. The system known as System International (S.I.) is also reflected in the United States Presidential Executive Order 12770 issued on July 25, 1991, in accordance with the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988.

Nothing in this act is intended to require the use of metric units for measurement purposes and is not intended to affect any existing rights. In all cases the existing English measurements control in a situation requiring precise measurement.

Sec. 2. RCW 7.48.140 and 1994 c 45 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

It is a public nuisance:

(1) To cause or suffer the carcass of any animal or any offal, filth, or noisome substance to be collected, deposited, or to remain in any place to the prejudice of others;

(2) To throw or deposit any offal or other offensive matter, or the carcass of any dead animal, in any watercourse, stream, lake, pond, spring, well, or common sewer, street, or public highway, or in any manner to corrupt or render unwholesome or impure the water of any such spring, stream, pond, lake, or well, to the injury or prejudice of others;

(3) To obstruct or impede, without legal authority, the passage of any river, harbor, or collection of water;

(4) To obstruct or encroach upon public highway, private ways, streets, alleys, commons, landing places, and ways to burying places or to unlawfully obstruct or impede the flow of municipal transit vehicles as defined in RCW 46.04.355 or passenger traffic, access to municipal transit vehicles or stations as defined in RCW 9.91.025(2)((~~(a)~~)), or otherwise interfere with the provision or use of public transportation services, or obstruct or impede a municipal transit driver, operator, or supervisor in the performance of that individual's duties;

(5) To carry on the business of manufacturing gun powder, nitroglycerine, or other highly explosive substance, or mixing or grinding the materials therefor, in any building within fifty rods (251.46 meters) of any valuable building erected at the time such business may be commenced;

(6) To establish powder magazines near incorporated cities or towns, at a point different from that appointed by the corporate authorities of such city or town; or within fifty rods (251.46 meters) of any occupied dwelling house;

(7) To erect, continue, or use any building, or other place, for the exercise of any trade, employment, or manufacture, which, by occasioning obnoxious exhalations, offensive smells, or otherwise is offensive or dangerous to the health of individuals or of the public;

(8) To suffer or maintain on one's own premises, or upon the premises of another, or to permit to be maintained on one's own premises, any place where wines, spirituous, fermented, malt, or other intoxicating liquors are kept for sale or disposal to the public in contravention of law;

(9) For an owner or occupier of land, knowing of the existence of a well, septic tank, cesspool, or other hole or excavation ten inches (254 millimeters) or more in width at the top and four feet (1.2 meters) or more in depth, to fail to cover, fence or fill the same, or provide other proper and adequate safeguards: PROVIDED, That this section shall not apply to a hole one hundred square feet (9.29 square meters) or more in area or one that is open, apparent, and obvious.

Every person who has the care, government, management, or control of any building, structure, powder magazine, or any other place mentioned in this section shall, for the purposes of this section, be taken and deemed to be the owner or agent of the owner or owners of such building, structure, powder magazine or other place, and, as such, may be proceeded against for erecting, contriving, causing, continuing, or maintaining such nuisance.

Sec. 3. RCW 8.12.040 and 1925 ex.s. c 128 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

When the corporate authorities of any such city shall desire to condemn land or other property, or damage the same, for any purpose authorized by this chapter, such city shall provide therefor by ordinance, and unless such ordinance shall provide that such improvement shall be paid for wholly or in part by special assessment upon property benefited, compensation therefor shall be made from any general funds of such city applicable thereto. If such ordinance shall provide that such improvement shall be paid for wholly or in part by special assessment upon property benefited, the proceedings for the making of such special assessment shall be as hereinafter prescribed, in this chapter: PROVIDED, That no special assessment shall be levied under authority of this chapter except when made for the purpose of streets, avenues, alleys, or highways or alterations thereof or changes of the grade therein or other improvements in or adjoining the same, or for bridges, approaches, culverts, sewers, drains, ditches, public squares, public playgrounds, public parks, drives or boulevards or for the purpose of draining swamps, marshes, tide flats, tidelands or ponds or for filling the same: AND IT IS FURTHER PROVIDED, That when a street, avenue, highway or boulevard is established or widened to a width greater than one hundred and fifty feet (45.72 meters) the excess over and above the one hundred and fifty feet (45.72 meters) shall be paid out of the general fund of such city without any deduction for benefits of such excess.

Sec. 4. RCW 14.16.090 and 1987 c 273 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Any aircraft used to carry persons or property for compensation, or any aircraft that is rented or leased without a pilot shall be equipped with a survival kit consisting of those items prescribed by the department of transportation, which shall include, at least the following: (a) A tube tent or similar sheltering device; (b) a horn, whistle, or similar audible device capable of emitting a signal one-quarter of a mile (402 meters); (c) a mirror; (d) matches; (e) a candle and/or another fire-starting device; and (f) survival instruction.

(2) It shall be unlawful for any person to operate such aircraft without such a survival kit: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, That nothing in this section shall apply to: (a) Instructional flights by an air school, with the exception of solo flights by students; (b) aircraft owned by and exclusively in the service of the United States government; (c) aircraft registered under the laws of a foreign country; (d) aircraft owned by the manufacturer thereof while being operated for test or experimental purposes, or for the purpose of training crews for purchasers of the aircraft; and (e) aircraft used by any air carrier or supplemental air carrier operating in accordance with the provisions of a certificate of public conveyance and necessity under the provisions of the federal aviation act of 1958, Public Law 85-726, as amended.

Sec. 5. RCW 17.21.410 and 1994 c 283 s 33 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) A certified applicator making a landscape application to:

(a) Residential property shall at the time of the application place a marker at the usual point of entry to the property. If the application is made to an isolated spot that is not a substantial portion of the property, the applicator shall only be required to place a marker at the application site. If the application is in a fenced or otherwise isolated backyard, no marker is required.

(b) Commercial properties such as apartments or shopping centers shall at the time of application place a marker in a conspicuous location at or near each site being treated.

(c) A golf course shall at the time of the application place a marker at the first tee and tenth tee or post the information in a conspicuous location such as on a central message board.

(d) A school, nursery school, or licensed day care shall at the time of the application place a marker at each primary point of entry to the school grounds.

(e) A park, cemetery, rest stop, or similar property as may be defined in rule shall at the time of the application place a marker at each primary point of entry.

(2) An individual making a landscape application to a school grounds, nursery school, or licensed day care, and not otherwise covered by subsection (1) of this section, shall be required to comply with the posting requirements in subsection (1)(d) of this section.

(3) The marker shall be a minimum of four inches (102 millimeters) by five inches (127 millimeters). It shall have the words: "THIS LANDSCAPE HAS BEEN TREATED BY" as the headline and "FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CALL" as the footer. Larger size requirements for markers may be established in rule for specific applications. The company name and service mark with the applicator's telephone number where information can be obtained shall be included between the headline and the footer on the marker. The letters and service marks shall be printed in colors contrasting to the background.

(4) The property owner or tenant shall remove the marker according to the schedule established in rule. A commercial applicator is not liable for the removal of markers by unauthorized persons or removal outside the designated removal time.

(5) A certified applicator who complies with this section cannot be held liable for personal property damage or bodily injury resulting from markers that are placed as required.

Sec. 6. RCW 18.08.410 and 1985 c 37 s 12 are each amended to read as follows:

This chapter shall not affect or prevent:

(1) The practice of naval architecture, landscape architecture, engineering, space planning, interior design, or any legally recognized profession or trade by persons not registered as architects;

(2) Drafters, clerks, project managers, superintendents, and other employees of architects, engineers, naval architects, or landscape architects from acting under the instructions, control, or supervision of their employers;

(3) The construction, alteration, or supervision of construction of buildings or structures by contractors or superintendents employed by contractors or the preparation of shop drawings in connection therewith;

(4) Owners or contractors from engaging persons who are not architects to observe and supervise construction of a project;

(5) Any person from doing design work including preparing construction contract documents and administration of the construction contract for the erection, enlargement, repair, or alteration of a structure or any appurtenance to a structure, if the structure is to be used for a residential building of up to and including four dwelling units or a farm building or is a structure used in connection with or auxiliary to such residential building or farm building such as a garage, barn, shed, or shelter for animals or machinery;

(6) Any person from doing design work including preparing construction contract documents and administering the contract for construction, erection, enlargement, alteration, or repairs of or to a building of any occupancy up to four thousand square feet (372 square meters) of construction;

(7) Design-build construction by registered general contractors if the structural design services are performed by a registered engineer;

(8) Any person from designing buildings or doing other design work for any structure prior to the time of filing for a building permit; or

(9) Any person from designing buildings or doing other design work for structures larger than those exempted under subsections (5) and (6) of this section, if the plans, which may include such design work, are stamped by a registered engineer or architect.

Sec. 7. RCW 19.94.440 and 1992 c 237 s 27 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) When a vehicle delivers to an individual purchaser a commodity in bulk, and the commodity is sold in terms of weight units, the delivery must be accompanied by a duplicate delivery ticket with the following information clearly stated, in ink or other indelible marking equipment and, in clarity, equal to type or printing:

(a) The name and address of the vendor;

(b) The name and address of the purchaser; and

(c) The weight of the delivery expressed in pounds (kilograms), and, if the weight is derived from determinations of gross and tare weights, such gross and tare weights also must be stated in terms of pounds (kilograms).

(2) One of the delivery tickets shall be retained by the vendor, and the other shall be delivered to the purchaser at the time of delivery of the commodity, or shall be surrendered on demand to the director or the city sealer who, if he or she elects to retain it as evidence, shall issue a weight slip in lieu thereof for delivery to the purchaser.

(3) If the purchaser himself or herself carries away the purchase, the vendor shall be required only to give the purchaser at the time of sale a delivery ticket stating the number of pounds (kilograms) of commodity delivered.

Sec. 8. RCW 19.94.450 and 1992 c 237 s 28 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, all solid fuels such as, but not limited to, coal, coke, charcoal, broiler chips, pressed fuels and briquets shall be sold by weight.

(2) All solid fuels such as hogged fuel, sawdust and similar industrial fuels may be sold or purchased by cubic measure.

(3) Unless a fuel is delivered to the purchaser in package form, each delivery of such fuel to an individual purchaser must be accompanied by a duplicate delivery ticket with the following information clearly stated, in ink or other indelible marking equipment and, in clarity equal to type or printing:

(a) The name and address of the vendor;

(b) The name and address of the purchaser; and

(c) The weight of the delivery and the gross and tare weights from which the weight is computed, each expressed in pounds (kilograms).

(4) One of the delivery tickets shall be retained by the vendor and the other shall be delivered to the purchaser at the time of delivery of the fuel, or shall be surrendered, on demand, to the director or the city sealer who, if he or she elects to retain it as evidence, shall issue a weight slip in lieu thereof for delivery to the purchaser.

(5) If the purchaser himself or herself carries away the purchase, the vendor shall be required only to give to the purchaser at the time of sale a delivery ticket stating the number of pounds (kilograms) of fuel delivered.

Sec. 9. RCW 19.94.460 and 1992 c 237 s 29 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) All stove and furnace oil shall be sold by liquid measure or by weight in accordance with the provisions of RCW 19.94.340.

(2) Unless such fuel is delivered to the purchaser in package form, each delivery of such fuel in an amount greater than ten gallons (40 liters) in the case of sale by liquid measure or one hundred pounds (45 kilograms) in the case of sale by weight must be accompanied by a delivery ticket or a written statement on which, in ink or other indelible substance, there shall be clearly and legibly stated:

(a) The name and address of the vendor;

(b) The name and address of the purchaser;

(d) The unit price (that is, price per gallon (liter) or per pound (kilogram), as the case may be), of the fuel delivered;

(e) In the case of sale by liquid measure, the liquid volume of the delivery together with any meter readings from which such liquid volume has been computed, expressed in terms of the gallon (liter) and its binary or decimal subdivisions; and

(f) In the case of sale by weight, the net weight of the delivery, together with any weighing scale readings from which such net weight has been computed, expressed in terms of tons (metric tons) or pounds avoirdupois (kilograms).

(3) The delivery ticket required under this section must be delivered at the time of delivery unless an agreement, written or otherwise, between the vendor and the purchaser has been reached regarding the delivery of such delivery ticket.

Sec. 10. RCW 19.122.020 and 1984 c 144 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this section apply throughout this chapter:

(1) "Business day" means any day other than Saturday, Sunday, or a legal local, state, or federal holiday.

(2) "Damage" includes the substantial weakening of structural or lateral support of an underground facility, penetration, impairment, or destruction of any underground protective coating, housing, or other protective device, or the severance, partial or complete, of any underground facility to the extent that the project owner or the affected utility owner determines that repairs are required.

(3) "Emergency" means any condition constituting a clear and present danger to life or property, or a customer service outage.

(4) "Excavation" means any operation in which earth, rock, or other material on or below the ground is moved or otherwise displaced by any means, except the tilling of soil less than twelve inches (305 millimeters) in depth for agricultural purposes, or road and ditch maintenance that does not change the original road grade or ditch flowline.

(5) "Excavator" means any person who engages directly in excavation.

(6) "Identified facility" means any underground facility which is indicated in the project plans as being located within the area of proposed excavation.

(7) "Identified but unlocatable underground facility" means an underground facility which has been identified but cannot be located with reasonable accuracy.

(8) "Locatable underground facility" means an underground facility which can be field-marked with reasonable accuracy.

(9) "Marking" means the use of stakes, paint, or other clearly identifiable materials to show the field location of underground facilities, in accordance with the current color code standard of the American public works association. Markings shall include identification letters indicating the specific type of the underground facility.

(10) "Person" means an individual, partnership, franchise holder, association, corporation, a state, a city, a county, or any subdivision or instrumentality of a state, and its employees, agents, or legal representatives.

(11) "Reasonable accuracy" means location within twenty-four inches (610 millimeters) of the outside dimensions of both sides of an underground facility.

(12) "Underground facility" means any item buried or placed below ground for use in connection with the storage or conveyance of water, sewage, electronic, telephonic or telegraphic communications, cablevision, electric energy, petroleum products, gas, gaseous vapors, hazardous liquids, or other substances and including but not limited to pipes, sewers, conduits, cables, valves, lines, wires, manholes, attachments, and those parts of poles or anchors below ground.

(13) "One-number locator service" means a service through which a person can notify utilities and request field-marking of underground facilities.

Sec. 11. RCW 35.23.430 and 1965 c 7 s 35.23.430 are each amended to read as follows:

If an improvement is made upon a street occupied by a street railway or any railroad enjoying a franchise on the street, the city council shall assess against the railroad its just proportion of making the improvement which shall be not less than the expense of improving the space between the rails of the railroad and for a distance of one foot (0.3 meter) on each side. The assessment against the railroad shall be made on the rolls of the improvement district the same as against other property in the district and shall be a lien on that portion of the railroad within the district from the time of the equalization of the roll. The lien may be foreclosed by a civil action in superior court and the same period of redemption from any sale on foreclosure shall be allowed as is allowed in cases of sale of real estate upon execution.

Sec. 12. RCW 35.56.200 and 1965 c 7 s 35.56.200 are each amended to read as follows:

In the filling of any marshland, swampland, tideland or tideflats no canal or waterway shall be constructed in connection therewith less than three hundred feet (91.4 meters) wide at the top between the shore lines and with sufficient slope to the sides or banks thereof to as nearly as practicable render bulkheadings or other protection against caving or falling in of said sides or banks unnecessary and of sufficient depth to meet all ordinary requirements of navigation and commerce.

Sec. 13. RCW 35.56.210 and 1965 c 7 s 35.56.210 are each amended to read as follows:

The canal or waterway shall be and remain under the control of the city and immediately upon its completion the city shall establish outer dock lines lengthwise of said canal or waterway on both sides thereof in such manner and position that not less than two hundred feet (61 meters) of the width thereof shall always remain open between such lines and beyond and between which lines no right shall ever be granted to build wharves or other obstructions except bridges; nor shall any permanent obstruction to the free use of the channel so laid out between said wharf or dock lines excepting bridges, their approaches, piers, abutments and spans, ever be permitted but the same shall be kept open for navigation.

Sec. 14. RCW 35.58.2796 and 1989 c 396 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

The department of transportation shall develop an annual report summarizing the status of public transportation systems in the state. By September 1st of each year, copies of the report shall be submitted to the legislative transportation committee and to each municipality, as defined in RCW 35.58.272, and to individual members of the municipality's legislative authority. The department shall prepare and submit a preliminary report by December 1, 1989.

To assist the department with preparation of the report, each municipality shall file a system report by April 1st of each year with the state department of transportation identifying its public transportation services for the previous calendar year and its objectives for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of those services. The system report shall address those items required for each public transportation system in the department's report.

The department report shall describe individual public transportation systems, including contracted transportation services and dial-a-ride services, and include a state-wide summary of public transportation issues and data. The descriptions shall include the following elements and such other elements as the department deems appropriate after consultation with the municipalities and the legislative transportation committee:

(1) Equipment and facilities, including vehicle replacement standards;

(2) Services and service standards;

(3) Revenues, expenses, and ending balances, by fund source;

(4) Policy issues and system improvement objectives, including community participation in development of those objectives and how those objectives address state-wide transportation priorities;

(5) Operating indicators applied to public transportation services, revenues, and expenses. Operating indicators shall include operating cost per passenger trip, operating cost per revenue vehicle service hour, passenger trips per revenue service hour, passenger trips per vehicle service mile (kilometer), vehicle service hours per employee, and farebox revenue as a percent of operating costs.

Sec. 15. RCW 35.58.560 and 1971 ex.s. c 303 s 10 are each amended to read as follows:

No county or city shall have the right to impose a tax upon the gross revenues derived by a metropolitan municipal corporation from the operation of a metropolitan sewage disposal, water supply, garbage disposal or public transportation system.

A metropolitan municipal corporation may credit or offset against the amount of any tax which is levied by the state during any calendar year upon the gross revenues derived by such metropolitan municipal corporation from the performance of any authorized function, the amount of any expenditures made from such gross revenues by such metropolitan municipal corporation during the same calendar year or any year prior to May 21, 1971, in planning for or performing the function of metropolitan public transportation and including interest on any moneys advanced for such purpose from other funds and to the extent of such credit a metropolitan municipal corporation may expend such revenues for such purposes.

A metropolitan municipal corporation authorized to perform the function of metropolitan public transportation and engaged in the operation of an urban passenger transportation system shall receive a refund of the amount of the motor vehicle fuel tax levied by the state and paid on each gallon (liter) of motor vehicle fuel used, whether such vehicle fuel tax has been paid either directly to the vendor from whom the motor vehicle fuel was purchased or indirectly by adding the amount of such tax to the price of such fuel: PROVIDED, That no refunds authorized by this section shall be granted on fuel used by any urban transportation vehicle on any trip where any portion of said trip is more than six road miles (10 kilometers) beyond the corporate limits of the metropolitan municipal corporation in which said trip originated.

Sec. 16. RCW 35.84.060 and 1969 ex.s. c 281 s 26 are each amended to read as follows:

Every municipal corporation which owns or operates an urban public transportation system as defined in RCW 47.04.082 within its corporate limits, may acquire, construct, extend, own or operate such urban public transportation system to any point or points not to exceed fifteen miles (24.1 kilometers) outside of its corporate limits: PROVIDED, That no municipal corporation shall extend its urban public transportation system beyond its corporate limits to operate in any territory already served by a privately operated auto transportation company holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity from the utilities and transportation commission.

Sec. 17. RCW 35A.14.310 and 1985 c 105 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

A code city may annex an unincorporated area contiguous to the city that is owned by the federal government by adopting an ordinance providing for the annexation and which ordinance either acknowledges an agreement of the annexation by the government of the United States, or accepts a gift, grant, or lease from the government of the United States of the right to occupy, control, improve it or sublet it for commercial, manufacturing, or industrial purposes: PROVIDED, That this right of annexation shall not apply to any territory more than four miles (6.5 kilometers) from the corporate limits existing before such annexation. Whenever a code city proposes to annex territory under this section, the city shall provide written notice of the proposed annexation to the legislative authority of the county within which such territory is located. The notice shall be provided at least thirty days before the city proposes to adopt the annexation ordinance. The city shall not adopt the annexation ordinance, and the annexation shall not occur under this section, if within twenty-five days of receipt of the notice, the county legislative authority adopts a resolution opposing the annexation, which resolution makes a finding that the proposed annexation will have an adverse fiscal impact on the county or road district.

Sec. 18. RCW 36.55.020 and 1963 c 4 s 36.55.020 are each amended to read as follows:

Any board of county commissioners may grant to any person the right to build and maintain tramroads and railway roads upon county roads under such regulations and conditions as the board may prescribe, and may grant to any person the right to build and maintain cattleguards across the entire right of way on any county road, under such regulations and conditions as the board may prescribe: PROVIDED, That such tramroad or railway road shall not occupy more than eight feet (2.44 meters) of the county road upon which the same is built and shall not be built upon the roadway of such county road nor in such a way as to interfere with the public travel thereon.

Sec. 19. RCW 36.82.100 and 1963 c 4 s 36.82.100 are each amended to read as follows:

The boards of the several counties may purchase and operate, out of the county road fund, rock crushing, gravel, or other road building material extraction equipment.

Any crushed rock, gravel, or other road building material extracted and not directly used or needed by the county in the construction, alteration, repair, improvement, or maintenance of its roads may be sold at actual cost of production by the board to the state or any other county, city, town, or other political subdivision to be used in the construction, alteration, repair, improvement, or maintenance of any state, county, city, town or other proper highway, road or street purpose: PROVIDED, That in counties of less than twelve thousand five hundred population as determined by the 1950 federal census, the boards of commissioners, during such times as the crushing, loading or mixing equipment is actually in operation, or from stockpiles, may sell at actual cost of production such surplus crushed rock, gravel, or other road building material to any other person for private use where the place of contemplated use of such crushed rock, gravel or other road building material is more than fifteen miles (24.1 kilometers) distant from the nearest private source of such materials within the county, distance being computed by the closest traveled route: AND PROVIDED FURTHER, That the purchaser presents, at or before the time of delivery to him, a treasurer's receipt for payment for such surplus crushed rock, gravel, or any other road building material.

Sec. 20. RCW 36.85.030 and 1963 c 4 s 36.85.030 are each amended to read as follows:

The boards in their respective counties may accept the grant of rights-of-way for the construction of public highways over public lands of the United States, not reserved for public uses, contained in section 2477 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. Such rights-of-way shall henceforward not be less than sixty feet (18.3 meters) in width unless a lesser width is specified by the United States. Acceptance shall be by resolution of the board spread upon the records of its proceedings: PROVIDED, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to invalidate the acceptance of such grant by general public use and enjoyment, heretofore or hereafter had.

Sec. 21. RCW 36.86.010 and 1963 c 4 s 36.86.010 are each amended to read as follows:

From and after April 1, 1937, the width of thirty feet (9.1 meters) on each side of the center line of county roads, exclusive of such additional width as may be required for cuts and fills, is the necessary and proper right-of-way width for county roads, unless the board of county commissioners, shall, in any instance, adopt and designate a different width. This shall not be construed to require the acquisition of increased right-of-way for any county road already established and the right-of-way for which has been secured.

Sec. 22. RCW 36.86.100 and 1983 c 19 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Each railroad company shall keep its right of way clear of all brush and timber in the vicinity of a railroad grade crossing with a county road for a distance of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from the crossing in such a manner as to permit a person upon the road to obtain an unobstructed view in both directions of an approaching train. The county legislative authority shall cause brush and timber to be cleared from the right of way of county roads in the proximity of a railroad grade crossing for a distance of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from the crossing in such a manner as to permit a person traveling upon the road to obtain an unobstructed view in both directions of an approaching train. It is unlawful to erect or maintain a sign, signboard, or billboard within a distance of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from the point of intersection of the road and railroad grade crossing located outside the corporate limits of any city or town unless, after thirty days notice to the Washington utilities and transportation commission and the railroad operating the crossing, the county legislative authority determines that it does not obscure the sight distance of a person operating a vehicle or train approaching the grade crossing.

When a person who has erected or who maintains such a sign, signboard, or billboard or when a railroad company permits such brush or timber in the vicinity of a railroad grade crossing with a county road or permits the surface of a grade crossing to become inconvenient or dangerous for passage and who has the duty to maintain it, fails, neglects, or refuses to remove or cause to be removed such brush, timber, sign, signboard, or billboard, or maintain the surface of the crossing, the utilities and transportation commission upon complaint of the county legislative authority or upon complaint of any party interested, or upon its own motion, shall enter upon a hearing in the manner now provided for hearings with respect to railroad-highway grade crossings, and make and enforce proper orders for the removal of the brush, timber, sign, signboard or billboard, or maintenance of the crossing. Nothing in this section prevents the posting or maintaining thereon of highway or road signs or traffic devices giving directions or distances for the information of the public when the signs conform to the "Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices" issued by the state department of transportation. The county legislative authority shall inspect highway grade crossings and make complaint of the violation of any provisions of this section.

Sec. 23. RCW 37.08.210 and 1945 c 114 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Exclusive jurisdiction shall be, and the same is hereby ceded to the United States over and within all the territory that is now or hereafter included in that tract of land in the state of Washington, set aside for the purposes of a national park, and known as the Olympic National Park; saving, however, to the said state, the right to serve civil and criminal process within the limits of the aforesaid park, in suits or prosecutions for or on account of rights acquired, obligations incurred or crimes committed in said state, but outside of said park; and saving further to the said state the right to tax persons and corporations, their franchises and property on the lands included in said park: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, This jurisdiction shall not vest until the United States, through the proper officer, notifies the governor of this state that they assume police or military jurisdiction over said park: AND PROVIDED FURTHER, That full jurisdiction over a strip of land two hundred fifty feet (76.2 meters) wide, being one hundred twenty‑five feet (38.1 meters) wide on each side of the now existing center line of primary state highway No. 9 together with existing pit sites and stockpile sites within said park shall be retained by the state of Washington.

Sec. 24. RCW 37.08.250 and 1988 c 128 s 9 are each amended to read as follows:

That a right‑of‑way of not exceeding five hundred feet (152.4 meters) in width is hereby granted to the United States of America through any lands or shorelands belonging to the state of Washington, or to the University of Washington, and lying in King county between Lakes Union and Washington, or in or adjoining either of them, the southern boundary of such right-of-way on the upland to be coincident with the southern boundary of the lands now occupied by the University of Washington adjacent to the present right-of-way of said canal; the width and definite location of such right-of-way before the same is taken possession of by said United States shall be plainly and completely platted and a plat thereof approved by the secretary of war of the United States filed with the department of natural resources: PROVIDED, That nothing in this section contained shall be construed to repeal or impair any right, interest, privilege or grant expressed or intended in the act of the legislature of the state of Washington approved February 8, 1901, entitled, "An Act relative to and in aid of the construction, maintenance and operation by the United States of America of a ship canal with proper locks and appurtenances to connect the waters of Lakes Union and Washington in King county with Puget Sound and declaring an emergency."

Sec. 25. RCW 39.04.180 and 1988 c 180 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

On public works projects in which trench excavation will exceed a depth of four feet (1.2 meters), any contract therefor shall require adequate safety systems for the trench excavation that meet the requirements of the Washington industrial safety and health act, chapter 49.17 RCW. This requirement shall be included in the cost estimates and bidding forms as a separate item. The costs of trench safety systems shall not be considered as incidental to any other contract item and any attempt to include the trench safety systems as an incidental cost is prohibited.

Sec. 26. RCW 39.35.030 and 1994 c 242 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

For the purposes of this chapter the following words and phrases shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly requires otherwise:

(1) "Public agency" means every state office, officer, board, commission, committee, bureau, department, and all political subdivisions of the state.

(2) "Office" means the Washington state energy office.

(3) "Major facility" means any publicly owned or leased building having twenty-five thousand square feet (2322 square meters) or more of usable floor space.

(4) "Initial cost" means the moneys required for the capital construction or renovation of a major facility.

(5) "Renovation" means additions, alterations, or repairs within any twelve-month period which exceed fifty percent of the value of a major facility and which will affect any energy system.

(6) "Economic life" means the projected or anticipated useful life of a major facility as expressed by a term of years.

(7) "Life-cycle cost" means the initial cost and cost of operation of a major facility over its economic life. This shall be calculated as the initial cost plus the operation, maintenance, and energy costs over its economic life, reflecting anticipated increases in these costs discounted to present value at the current rate for borrowing public funds, as determined by the office of financial management. The energy cost projections used shall be those provided by the state energy office. The office shall update these projections at least every two years.

(8) "Life-cycle cost analysis" includes, but is not limited to, the following elements:

(a) The coordination and positioning of a major facility on its physical site;

(b) The amount and type of fenestration employed in a major facility;

(d) The variable occupancy and operating conditions of a major facility; and

(e) An energy-consumption analysis of a major facility.

(9) "Energy systems" means all utilities, including, but not limited to, heating, air-conditioning, ventilating, lighting, and the supplying of domestic hot water.

(10) "Energy-consumption analysis" means the evaluation of all energy systems and components by demand and type of energy including the internal energy load imposed on a major facility by its occupants, equipment, and components, and the external energy load imposed on a major facility by the climatic conditions of its location. An energy-consumption analysis of the operation of energy systems of a major facility shall include, but not be limited to, the following elements:

(a) The comparison of three or more system alternatives, at least one of which shall include renewable energy systems;

(b) The simulation of each system over the entire range of operation of such facility for a year's operating period; and

(c) The evaluation of the energy consumption of component equipment in each system considering the operation of such components at other than full or rated outputs.

The energy-consumption analysis shall be prepared by a professional engineer or licensed architect who may use computers or such other methods as are capable of producing predictable results.

(11) "Renewable energy systems" means methods of facility design and construction and types of equipment for the utilization of renewable energy sources including, but not limited to, active or passive solar space heating or cooling, domestic solar water heating, windmills, waste heat, biomass and/or refuse-derived fuels, photovoltaic devices, and geothermal energy.

(12) "Cogeneration" means the sequential generation of two or more forms of energy from a common fuel or energy source. Where these forms are electricity and thermal energy, then the operating and efficiency standards established by 18 C.F.R. Sec. 292.205 and the definitions established by 18 C.F.R. 292.202 (c) through (m) as of July 28, 1991, shall apply.

(13) "Selected buildings" means educational, office, residential care, and correctional facilities that are designed to comply with the design standards analyzed and recommended by the office.

(14) "Design standards" means the heating, air-conditioning, ventilating, and renewable resource systems identified, analyzed, and recommended by the office as providing an efficient energy system or systems based on the economic life of the selected buildings.

Sec. 27. RCW 46.04.071 and 1982 c 55 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:

"Bicycle" means every device propelled solely by human power upon which a person or persons may ride, having two tandem wheels either of which is sixteen inches (406 millimeters) or more in diameter, or three wheels, any one of which is more than twenty inches (508 millimeters) in diameter.

Sec. 28. RCW 46.04.085 and 1971 ex.s. c 231 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

"Camper" means a structure designed to be mounted upon a motor vehicle which provides facilities for human habitation or for temporary outdoor or recreational lodging and which is five feet (1.5 meters) or more in overall length and five feet (1.5 meters) or more in height from its floor to its ceiling when fully extended, but shall not include motor homes as defined in RCW 46.04.305.

Sec. 29. RCW 46.04.200 and 1961 c 12 s 46.04.200 are each amended to read as follows:

"Hours of darkness" means the hours from one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise, and any other time when persons or objects may not be clearly discernible at a distance of five hundred feet (152.4 meters).

Sec. 30. RCW 46.04.304 and 1990 c 250 s 18 are each amended to read as follows:

"Moped" means a motorized device designed to travel with not more than three sixteen-inch (406 millimeter) or larger diameter wheels in contact with the ground, having fully operative pedals for propulsion by human power, and an electric or a liquid fuel motor with a cylinder displacement not exceeding fifty cubic centimeters which produces no more than two gross brake horsepower (1491 watts) (developed by a prime mover, as measured by a brake applied to the driving shaft) that is capable of propelling the device at not more than thirty miles per hour on level ground.

The Washington state patrol may approve of and define as a "moped" a vehicle which fails to meet these specific criteria, but which is essentially similar in performance and application to motorized devices which do meet these specific criteria.

Sec. 31. RCW 46.04.470 and 1961 c 12 s 46.04.470 are each amended to read as follows:

"Residence district" means the territory contiguous to and including a public highway not comprising a business district, when the property on such public highway for a continuous distance of three hundred feet (91.4 meters) or more on either side thereof is in the main improved with residences or residences and buildings in use for business.

Sec. 32. RCW 46.04.582 and 1988 c 6 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

"Tandem axle" means any two or more consecutive axles whose centers are less than seven feet (2.13 meters) apart.

Sec. 33. RCW 46.10.100 and 1971 ex.s. c 29 s 10 are each amended to read as follows:

It shall be lawful to drive or operate a snowmobile across public roadways and highways other than limited access highways when:

The crossing is made at an angle of approximately ninety degrees to the direction of the highway and at a place where no obstruction prevents a quick and safe crossing; and

The snowmobile is brought to a complete stop before entering the public roadway or highway; and

The operator of the snowmobile yields the right of way to motor vehicles using the public roadway or highway; and

The crossing is made at a place which is greater than one hundred feet (30 meters) from any public roadway or highway intersection.

Sec. 34. RCW 46.16.160 and 1993 c 102 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) The owner of a vehicle which under reciprocal relations with another jurisdiction would be required to obtain a license registration in this state or an unlicensed vehicle which would be required to obtain a license registration for operation on public highways of this state may, as an alternative to such license registration, secure and operate such vehicle under authority of a trip permit issued by this state in lieu of a Washington certificate of license registration, and licensed gross weight if applicable. The licensed gross weight may not exceed eighty thousand pounds (36 288 kilograms) for a combination of vehicles nor forty thousand pounds (18 144 kilograms) for a single unit vehicle with three or more axles. Trip permits may also be issued for movement of mobile homes pursuant to RCW 46.44.170. For the purpose of this section, a vehicle is considered unlicensed if the licensed gross weight currently in effect for the vehicle or combination of vehicles is not adequate for the load being carried. Vehicles registered under RCW 46.16.135 shall not be operated under authority of trip permits in lieu of further registration within the same registration year.

(2) Each trip permit shall authorize the operation of a single vehicle at the maximum legal weight limit for such vehicle for a period of three consecutive days commencing with the day of first use. No more than three such permits may be used for any one vehicle in any period of thirty consecutive days. Every permit shall identify, as the department may require, the vehicle for which it is issued and shall be completed in its entirety and signed by the operator before operation of the vehicle on the public highways of this state. Correction of data on the permit such as dates, license number, or vehicle identification number invalidates the permit. The trip permit shall be displayed on the vehicle to which it is issued as prescribed by the department.

(3) Vehicles operating under authority of trip permits are subject to all laws, rules, and regulations affecting the operation of like vehicles in this state.

(4) Prorate operators operating commercial vehicles on trip permits in Washington shall retain the customer copy of such permit for four years.

(5) Blank trip permits may be obtained from field offices of the department of transportation, Washington state patrol, department of licensing, or other agents appointed by the department. For each permit issued, there shall be collected a filing fee as provided by RCW 46.01.140, an administrative fee of eight dollars, and an excise tax of one dollar. If the filing fee amount of one dollar prescribed by RCW 46.01.140 is increased or decreased after January 1, 1981, the administrative fee shall be adjusted to compensate for such change to insure that the total amount collected for the filing fee, administrative fee, and excise tax remain at ten dollars. These fees and taxes are in lieu of all other vehicle license fees and taxes. No exchange, credits, or refunds may be given for trip permits after they have been purchased.

(6) The department may appoint county auditors or businesses as agents for the purpose of selling trip permits to the public. County auditors or businesses so appointed may retain the filing fee collected for each trip permit to defray expenses incurred in handling and selling the permits.

(7) A violation of or a failure to comply with any provision of this section is a gross misdemeanor.

(8) The department of licensing may adopt rules as it deems necessary to administer this section.

(9) All administrative fees and excise taxes collected under the provisions of this chapter shall be forwarded by the department with proper identifying detailed report to the state treasurer who shall deposit the administrative fees to the credit of the motor vehicle fund and the excise taxes to the credit of the general fund. Filing fees will be forwarded and reported to the state treasurer by the department as prescribed in RCW 46.01.140.

Sec. 35. RCW 46.37.020 and 1977 ex.s. c 355 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

Every vehicle upon a highway within this state at any time from a half hour after sunset to a half hour before sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, persons and vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of one thousand feet (304.8 meters) ahead shall display lighted head lights, other lights, and illuminating devices as hereinafter respectively required for different classes of vehicles, subject to exceptions with respect to parked vehicles, and such stop lights, turn signals, and other signaling devices shall be lighted as prescribed for the use of such devices.

Sec. 36. RCW 46.37.050 and 1977 ex.s. c 355 s 5 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) After January 1, 1964, every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer, and any other vehicle which is being drawn at the end of a combination of vehicles, shall be equipped with at least two tail lamps mounted on the rear, which, when lighted as required in RCW 46.37.020, shall emit a red light plainly visible from a distance of one thousand feet (304.8 meters) to the rear, except that passenger cars manufactured or assembled prior to January 1, 1939, shall have at least one tail lamp. On a combination of vehicles only the tail lamps on the rearmost vehicle need actually be seen from the distance specified. On vehicles equipped with more than one tail lamp, the lamps shall be mounted on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable.

(2) Every tail lamp upon every vehicle shall be located at a height of not more than seventy-two inches (1829 millimeters) nor less than fifteen inches (381 millimeters).

(3) Either a tail lamp or a separate lamp shall be so constructed and placed as to illuminate with a white light the rear registration plate and render it clearly legible from a distance of fifty feet (15.2 meters) to the rear. Any tail lamp or tail lamps, together with any separate lamp or lamps for illuminating the rear registration plate, shall be so wired as to be lighted whenever the head lamps or auxiliary driving lamps are lighted.

Sec. 37. RCW 46.37.060 and 1977 ex.s. c 355 s 6 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer shall carry on the rear, either as a part of the tail lamps or separately, two or more red reflectors meeting the requirements of this section: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, That vehicles of the types mentioned in RCW 46.37.090 shall be equipped with reflectors meeting the requirements of RCW 46.37.110 and 46.37.120.

(2) Every such reflector shall be mounted on the vehicle at a height not less than fifteen inches (381 millimeters) nor more than seventy-two inches (1829 millimeters) measured as set forth in RCW 46.37.030(2), and shall be of such size and characteristics and so mounted as to be visible at night from all distances within six hundred feet (182.9 meters) to one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from such vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps, except that reflectors on vehicles manufactured or assembled prior to January 1, 1970, shall be visible at night from all distances within three hundred and fifty feet (106.7 meters) to one hundred feet (30.5 meters) when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps.

Sec. 38. RCW 46.37.120 and 1977 ex.s. c 355 s 11 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Every reflector upon any vehicle referred to in RCW 46.37.090 shall be of such size and characteristics and so maintained as to be readily visible at nighttime from all distances within six hundred feet (182.9 meters) to one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps, except that the visibility for reflectors on vehicles manufactured or assembled prior to January 1, 1970, shall be measured in front of the lawful upper beams of headlamps. Reflectors required to be mounted on the sides of the vehicle shall reflect the required color of light to the sides, and those mounted on the rear shall reflect a red color to the rear.

(2) Front and rear clearance lamps and identification lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at all distances between five hundred feet (152.4 meters) and fifty feet (15.2 meters) from the front and rear, respectively, of the vehicle.

(3) Side marker lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at all distances between five hundred feet (152.4 meters) and fifty feet (15.2 meters) from the side of the vehicle on which mounted.

Sec. 39. RCW 46.37.140 and 1977 ex.s. c 355 s 12 are each amended to read as follows:

Whenever the load upon any vehicle extends to the rear four feet (1.2 meters) or more beyond the bed or body of such vehicle there shall be displayed at the extreme rear end of the load, at the times specified in RCW 46.37.020, two red lamps, visible from a distance of at least five hundred feet (152.4 meters) to the rear, two red reflectors visible at night from all distances within six hundred feet (182.9 meters) to one hundred feet (30.5 meters) to the rear when directly in front of lawful lower beams of headlamps, and located so as to indicate maximum width, and on each side one red lamp, visible from a distance of at least five hundred feet (152.4 meters) to the side, located so as to indicate maximum overhang. There shall be displayed at all other times on any vehicle having a load which extends beyond its sides or more than four feet (1.2 meters) beyond its rear, red flags, not less than twelve inches (305 millimeters) square, marking the extremities of such loads, at each point where a lamp would otherwise be required by this section, under RCW 46.37.020.

Sec. 40. RCW 46.37.150 and 1977 ex.s. c 355 s 13 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Every vehicle shall be equipped with one or more lamps, which, when lighted, shall display a white or amber light visible from a distance of one thousand feet (304.8 meters) to the front of the vehicle, and a red light visible from a distance of one thousand feet (304.8 meters) to the rear of the vehicle. The location of said lamp or lamps shall always be such that at least one lamp or combination of lamps meeting the requirements of this section is installed as near as practicable to the side of the vehicle which is closest to passing traffic.

(2) Whenever a vehicle is lawfully parked upon a street or highway during the hours between a half hour after sunset and a half hour before sunrise and in the event there is sufficient light to reveal any person or object within a distance of one thousand feet (304.8 meters) upon such street or highway, no lights need be displayed upon such parked vehicle.

(3) Whenever a vehicle is parked or stopped upon a roadway or shoulder adjacent thereto, outside an incorporated city or town, whether attended or unattended, during the hours between a half hour after sunset and a half hour before sunrise and there is insufficient light to reveal any person or object within a distance of one thousand feet (304.8 meters) upon such highway, such vehicle so parked or stopped shall be equipped with and shall display lamps meeting the requirements of subsection (1) of this section.

(4) Any lighted head lamps upon a parked vehicle shall be depressed or dimmed.

Sec. 41. RCW 46.37.190 and 1993 c 401 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Every authorized emergency vehicle shall, in addition to any other equipment and distinctive marking required by this chapter, be equipped with at least one lamp capable of displaying a red light visible from at least five hundred feet (152.4 meters) in normal sunlight and a siren capable of giving an audible signal.

(2) Every school bus and private carrier bus shall, in addition to any other equipment and distinctive markings required by this chapter, be equipped with a "stop" signal upon a background not less than fourteen by eighteen inches (356 by 457 millimeters) displaying the word "stop" in letters of distinctly contrasting colors not less than eight inches (203 millimeters) high, and shall further be equipped with signal lamps mounted as high and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, which shall be capable of displaying to the front two alternately flashing red lights located at the same level and to the rear two alternately flashing red lights located at the same level and these lights shall have sufficient intensity to be visible at five hundred feet (152.4 meters) in normal sunlight.

(3) Vehicles operated by public agencies whose law enforcement duties include the authority to stop and detain motor vehicles on the public highways of the state may be equipped with a siren and lights of a color and type designated by the state patrol for that purpose. The state patrol may prohibit the use of these sirens and lights on vehicles other than the vehicles described in this subsection.

(4) The lights described in this section shall not be mounted nor used on any vehicle other than a school bus, a private carrier bus, or an authorized emergency or law enforcement vehicle. Optical strobe light devices shall not be installed or used on any vehicle other than an emergency vehicle authorized by the state patrol, a publicly owned law enforcement or emergency vehicle, a department of transportation, city, or county maintenance vehicle, or a public transit vehicle.

(a) An "optical strobe light device" used by emergency vehicles means a strobe light device which emits an optical signal at a specific frequency to a traffic control light enabling the emergency vehicle in which the strobe light device is used to obtain the right of way at intersections.

(b) An "optical strobe light device" used by department of transportation, city, or county maintenance vehicles means a strobe light device that emits an optical signal at a specific frequency to a traffic control light enabling the department of transportation maintenance vehicle in which the strobe light device is used to perform maintenance tests.

(c) An "optical strobe light device" used by public transit vehicles means a strobe light device that emits an optical signal at a specific frequency to a traffic control light enabling the public transit vehicle in which the strobe light device is used to accelerate the cycle of the traffic control light. For the purposes of this section, "public transit vehicle" means vehicles, owned by a governmental entity, with a seating capacity for twenty-five or more persons and used to provide mass transportation. Public transit vehicles operating an optical strobe light will have second degree priority to emergency vehicles when simultaneously approaching the same traffic control light.

(5) The use of the signal equipment described herein, except the optical strobe light devices used by public transit vehicles and department of transportation, city, or county maintenance vehicles that are not used in conjunction with emergency equipment, shall impose upon drivers of other vehicles the obligation to yield right of way and stop as prescribed in RCW 46.61.210, 46.61.370, and 46.61.350.

Sec. 42. RCW 46.37.215 and 1977 ex.s. c 355 s 19 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Any vehicle may be equipped with lamps for the purpose of warning other operators of other vehicles of the presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring the exercise of unusual care in approaching, overtaking, or passing.

(2) After June 1, 1978, every motor home, bus, truck, truck tractor, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer eighty inches (2032 millimeters) or more in overall width or thirty feet (9.1 meters) or more in overall length shall be equipped with lamps meeting the requirements of this section.

(3) Vehicular hazard warning signal lamps used to display such warning to the front shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall display simultaneously flashing amber light: PROVIDED, That on any vehicle manufactured prior to January 1, 1969, the lamps showing to the front may display simultaneously flashing white or amber lights, or any shade of color between white and amber. The lamps used to display such warning to the rear shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall show simultaneously flashing amber or red lights, or any shade of color between amber and red. These warning lights shall be visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet (152.4 meters) in normal sunlight.

Sec. 43. RCW 46.37.440 and 1987 c 330 s 724 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) No person may operate any motor truck, passenger bus, truck tractor, motor home, or travel trailer over eighty inches (2032 millimeters) in overall width upon any highway outside the corporate limits of municipalities at any time unless there is carried in such vehicle the following equipment except as provided in subsection (2) of this section:

(a) At least three flares or three red electric lanterns or three portable red emergency reflectors, each of which shall be capable of being seen and distinguished at a distance of not less than six hundred feet (182.9 meters) under normal atmospheric conditions at nighttime.

No flare, fusee, electric lantern, or cloth warning flag may be used for the purpose of compliance with this section unless such equipment is of a type which has been submitted to the state patrol and conforms to rules adopted by it. No portable reflector unit may be used for the purpose of compliance with the requirements of this section unless it is so designed and constructed as to be capable of reflecting red light clearly visible from all distances within six hundred feet (182.9 meters) to one hundred feet (30.5 meters) under normal atmospheric conditions at night when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps, and unless it is of a type which has been submitted to the state patrol and conforms to rules adopted by it;

(b) At least three red-burning fusees unless red electric lanterns or red portable emergency reflectors are carried;

(c) At least two red-cloth flags, not less than twelve inches (305 millimeters) square, with standards to support such flags.

(2) No person may operate at the time and under conditions stated in subsection (1) of this section any motor vehicle used for the transportation of explosives, any cargo tank truck used for the transportation of flammable liquids or compressed gases or liquefied gases, or any motor vehicle using compressed gas as a fuel unless there is carried in such vehicle three red electric lanterns or three portable red emergency reflectors meeting the requirements of subsection (1) of this section, and there shall not be carried in any said vehicle any flares, fusees, or signal produced by flame.

Sec. 44. RCW 46.37.460 and 1961 c 12 s 46.37.460 are each amended to read as follows:

Any person operating any vehicle transporting any explosive as a cargo or part of a cargo upon a highway shall at all times comply with the provisions of this section.

(1) Said vehicle shall be marked or placarded on each side and the rear with the word "Explosives" in letters not less than eight inches (203 millimeters) high, or there shall be displayed on the rear of such vehicle a red flag not less than twenty-four inches (610 millimeters) square marked with the word "danger" in white letters six inches (152 millimeters) high.

(2) Every said vehicle shall be equipped with not less than two fire extinguishers, filled and ready for immediate use, and placed at a convenient point on the vehicle so used.

Sec. 45. RCW 46.44.020 and 1984 c 7 s 52 are each amended to read as follows:

It is unlawful for any vehicle unladen or with load to exceed a height of fourteen feet (4.26 meters) above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands. This height limitation does not apply to authorized emergency vehicles or repair equipment of a public utility engaged in reasonably necessary operation. The provisions of this section do not relieve the owner or operator of a vehicle or combination of vehicles from the exercise of due care in determining that sufficient vertical clearance is provided upon the public highways where the vehicle or combination of vehicles is being operated; and no liability may attach to the state or to any county, city, town, or other political subdivision by reason of any damage or injury to persons or property by reason of the existence of any structure over or across any public highway where the vertical clearance above the roadway is fourteen feet (4.26 meters) or more; or, where the vertical clearance is less than fourteen feet (4.26 meters), if impaired clearance signs of a design approved by the state department of transportation are erected and maintained on the right side of any such public highway in accordance with the manual of uniform traffic control devices for streets and highways as adopted by the state department of transportation under chapter 47.36 RCW. If any structure over or across any public highway is not owned by the state or by a county, city, town, or other political subdivision, it is the duty of the owner thereof when billed therefor to reimburse the state department of transportation or the county, city, town, or other political subdivision having jurisdiction over the highway for the actual cost of erecting and maintaining the impaired clearance signs, but no liability may attach to the owner by reason of any damage or injury to persons or property caused by impaired vertical clearance above the roadway.

Sec. 46. RCW 46.44.030 and 1995 c 26 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

It is unlawful for any person to operate upon the public highways of this state any vehicle having an overall length, with or without load, in excess of forty feet (12.2 meters). This restriction does not apply to (1) a municipal transit vehicle, (2) auto stage, private carrier bus or school bus with an overall length not to exceed forty-six feet (14.0 meters), or (3) an articulated auto stage with an overall length not to exceed sixty-one feet (18.6 meters).

It is unlawful for any person to operate upon the public highways of this state any combination consisting of a tractor and semitrailer that has a semitrailer length in excess of fifty-three feet (16.2 meters) or a combination consisting of a tractor and two trailers in which the combined length of the trailers exceeds sixty-one feet (18.6 meters), with or without load.

It is unlawful for any person to operate on the highways of this state any combination consisting of a truck and trailer, or log truck and stinger-steered pole trailer, with an overall length, with or without load, in excess of seventy-five feet (22.9 meters). However, a combination of vehicles transporting automobiles or boats may have a front overhang of three feet (0.9 meter) and a rear overhang of four feet (1.2 meters) beyond this allowed length. "Stinger-steered," as used in this section, means the coupling device is located behind the tread of the tires of the last axle of the towing vehicle.

These length limitations do not apply to vehicles transporting poles, pipe, machinery, or other objects of a structural nature that cannot be dismembered and operated by a public utility when required for emergency repair of public service facilities or properties, but in respect to night transportation every such vehicle and load thereon shall be equipped with a sufficient number of clearance lamps on both sides and marker lamps upon the extreme ends of any projecting load to clearly mark the dimensions of the load.

The length limitations described in this section are exclusive of safety and energy conservation devices, such as mud flaps and splash and spray suppressant devices, refrigeration units or air compressors, and other devices that the department determines to be necessary for safe and efficient operation of commercial vehicles. No device excluded under this paragraph from the limitations of this section may have, by its design or use, the capability to carry cargo.

Sec. 47. RCW 46.44.037 and 1991 c 143 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

Notwithstanding the provisions of RCW 46.44.036 and subject to such rules and regulations governing their operation as may be adopted by the state department of transportation, operation of the following combinations is lawful:

(1) A combination consisting of a truck tractor, a semitrailer, and another semitrailer or a full trailer. In this combination a converter gear used to convert a semitrailer into a full trailer shall be considered to be a part of the full trailer and not a separate vehicle. A converter gear being pulled without load and not used to convert a semitrailer into a full trailer may be substituted in lieu of a full trailer or a semitrailer in any lawful combination;

(2) A combination not exceeding seventy-five feet (22.9 meters) in overall length consisting of four trucks or truck tractors used in driveaway service where three of the vehicles are towed by the fourth in triple saddlemount position;

(3) A combination consisting of a truck tractor carrying a freight compartment no longer than eight feet (2.4 meters), a semitrailer, and another semitrailer or full trailer that meets the legal length requirement for a truck and trailer combination set forth in RCW 46.44.030.

Sec. 48. RCW 46.44.042 and 1993 c 103 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Subject to the maximum gross weights specified in RCW 46.44.041, it is unlawful to operate any vehicle upon the public highways with a gross weight, including load, upon any tire concentrated upon the surface of the highway in excess of six hundred pounds per inch (10.7 kilograms per millimeter) width of such tire. Other than the nonliftable steering axle on the power unit or tiller axle on fire fighting apparatus, an axle manufactured after July 31, 1993, carrying more than ten thousand pounds (4540 kilograms) gross weight must be equipped with four or more tires. Effective January 1, 1997, an axle, excluding the nonliftable steering axle on the power unit or tiller axle on fire fighting apparatus, carrying more than ten thousand pounds (4540 kilograms) gross weight must have four or more tires, regardless of date of manufacture. Instead of the four or more tires per axle requirements of this section: (1) An axle may be equipped with two tires limited to five hundred pounds per inch (8.9 kilograms per millimeter) width of tire; or (2) in the case of a ready-mix concrete transit truck, the rear booster trailing axle may be equipped with two tires limited to six hundred pounds per inch (10.7 kilograms per millimeter) width of tire. This section does not apply to oversize and overweight permits issued under RCW 46.44.090. For the purpose of this section, the width of tire in case of solid rubber or hollow center cushion tires, so long as the use thereof may be permitted by the law, shall be measured between the flanges of the rim. For the purpose of this section, the width of tires in case of pneumatic tires shall be the maximum overall normal inflated width as stipulated by the manufacturer when inflated to the pressure specified and without load thereon.

The department of transportation, under rules adopted by the transportation commission with respect to state highways, and a local authority, with respect to a public highway under its jurisdiction, may extend the weight table in RCW 46.44.041 to one hundred fifteen thousand pounds (52 164 kilograms). However, the extension must be in compliance with federal law, and vehicles operating under the extension must be in full compliance with the 1997 axle and tire requirements under this section.

Sec. 49. RCW 46.44.047 and 1994 c 172 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

A three-axle truck tractor and a two-axle pole trailer combination engaged in the operation of hauling logs may exceed by not more than six thousand eight hundred pounds (3084 kilograms) the legal gross weight of the combination of vehicles when licensed, as permitted by law, for sixty-eight thousand pounds (30 844 kilograms): PROVIDED, That the distance between the first and last axle of the vehicles in combination shall have a total wheelbase of not less than thirty-seven feet (11.28 meters), and the weight upon two axles spaced less than seven feet (2.13 meters) apart shall not exceed thirty-three thousand six hundred pounds (15 240 kilograms).

Such additional allowances shall be permitted by a special permit to be issued by the department of transportation valid only on state primary or secondary highways authorized by the department and under such rules, regulations, terms, and conditions prescribed by the department. The fee for such special permit shall be fifty dollars for a twelve-month period beginning and ending on April 1st of each calendar year. Permits may be issued at any time, but if issued after July 1st of any year the fee shall be thirty-seven dollars and fifty cents. If issued on or after October 1st the fee shall be twenty-five dollars, and if issued on or after January 1st the fee shall be twelve dollars and fifty cents. A copy of such special permit covering the vehicle involved shall be carried in the cab of the vehicle at all times. Upon the third offense within the duration of the permit for violation of the terms and conditions of the special permit, the special permit shall be canceled. The vehicle covered by such canceled special permit shall not be eligible for a new special permit until thirty days after the cancellation of the special permit issued to said vehicle. The fee for such renewal shall be at the same rate as set forth in this section which covers the original issuance of such special permit. Each special permit shall be assigned to a three-axle truck tractor in combination with a two-axle pole trailer. When the department issues a duplicate permit to replace a lost or destroyed permit and where the department transfers a permit, a fee of fourteen dollars shall be charged for each such duplicate issued or each such transfer.

All fees collected hereinabove shall be deposited with the state treasurer and credited to the motor vehicle fund.

Permits involving city streets or county roads or using city streets or county roads to reach or leave state highways, authorized for permit by the department may be issued by the city or county or counties involved. A fee of five dollars for such city or county permit may be assessed by the city or by the county legislative authority which shall be deposited in the city or county road fund. The special permit provided for herein shall be known as a "log tolerance permit" and shall designate the route or routes to be used, which shall first be approved by the city or county engineer involved. Authorization of additional route or routes may be made at the discretion of the city or county by amending the original permit or by issuing a new permit. Said permits shall be issued on a yearly basis expiring on March 31st of each calendar year. Any person, firm, or corporation who uses any city street or county road for the purpose of transporting logs with weights authorized by state highway log tolerance permits, to reach or leave a state highway route, without first obtaining a city or county permit when required by the city or the county legislative authority shall be subject to the penalties prescribed by RCW 46.44.105. For the purpose of determining gross weight the actual scale weight taken by the officer shall be prima facie evidence of such total gross weight. In the event the gross weight is in excess of the weight permitted by law, the officer may, within his discretion, permit the operator to proceed with his vehicles in combination.

The chief of the state patrol, with the advice of the department, may make reasonable rules and regulations to aid in the enforcement of the provisions of this section.

Sec. 50. RCW 46.44.050 and 1979 ex.s. c 213 s 7 are each amended to read as follows:

It shall be unlawful to operate any vehicle upon public highways with a wheelbase between any two axles thereof of less than three feet, six inches (1.07 meters) when weight exceeds that allowed for one axle under RCW 46.44.042 or 46.44.041. It shall be unlawful to operate any motor vehicle upon the public highways of this state with a wheelbase between the frontmost axle and the rearmost axle of less than three feet, six inches (1.07 meters): PROVIDED, That the minimum wheelbase for mopeds is thirty-eight inches (965 millimeters).

For the purposes of this section, wheelbase shall be measured upon a straight line from center to center of the vehicle axles designated.

Sec. 51. RCW 46.44.070 and 1961 c 12 s 46.44.070 are each amended to read as follows:

The drawbar or other connection between vehicles in combination shall be of sufficient strength to hold the weight of the towed vehicle on any grade where operated. No trailer shall whip, weave or oscillate or fail to follow substantially in the course of the towing vehicle. When a disabled vehicle is being towed by means of bar, chain, rope, cable or similar means and the distance between the towed vehicle and the towing vehicle exceeds fifteen feet (4.6 meters) there shall be fastened on such connection in approximately the center thereof a white flag or cloth not less than twelve inches square (305 millimeters square).

Sec. 52. RCW 46.44.091 and 1989 c 52 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (3) and (4) of this section, no special permit shall be issued for movement on any state highway or route of a state highway within the limits of any city or town where the gross weight, including load, exceeds the following limits:

(a) Twenty-two thousand pounds (9980 kilograms) on a single axle or on dual axles with a wheelbase between the first and second axles of less than three feet six inches (1.07 meters);

(b) Forty-three thousand pounds (19 504 kilograms) on dual axles having a wheelbase between the first and second axles of not less than three feet six inches (1.07 meters) but less than seven feet (2.13 meters);

(c) On any group of axles or in the case of a vehicle employing two single axles with a wheel base between the first and last axle of not less than seven feet (2.13 meters) but less than ten feet (3.05 meters), a weight in pounds determined by multiplying six thousand five hundred times the distance in feet (see (f) for metric conversion) between the center of the first axle and the center of the last axle of the group;

(d) On any group of axles with a wheel base between the first and last axle of not less than ten feet (3.05 meters) but less than thirty feet (9.14 meters), a weight in pounds (see (f) for metric conversion) determined by multiplying two thousand two hundred times the sum of twenty and the distance in feet (see (f) for metric conversion) between the center of the first axle and the center of the last axle of the group;

(e) On any group of axles with a wheel base between the first and last axle of thirty feet (9.14 meters) or greater, a weight in pounds (see (f) for metric conversion) determined by multiplying one thousand six hundred times the sum of forty and the distance in feet (see (f) for metric conversion) between the center of the first axle and the center of the last axle of the group.

(f) The formulas provided in (c), (d), and (e) of this subsection require English units for computation. To convert metric units to English for use in the formulas, or to convert the formula results from English to metric, use the following conversion criteria: One pound equals 0.4536 of a kilogram; one foot equals 0.3048 of a meter; one inch equals 25.4 millimeters. When converting mixed size or weight units, e.g. feet and inches, to the metric equivalent, reduce the measurement to the smaller unit before converting to metric and rounding. Metric weight measurements should be rounded to the nearest whole kilogram divisible by ten, metric dimensions should be rounded to the nearest one-hundredth of a meter.

(2) The total weight of a vehicle or combination of vehicles allowable by special permit under subsection (1) of this section shall be governed by the lesser of the weights obtained by using the total number of axles as a group or any combination of axles as a group.

(3) The weight limitations pertaining to single axles may be exceeded to permit the movement of equipment operating upon single pneumatic tires having a rim width of twenty inches (508 millimeters) or more and a rim diameter of twenty-four inches (610 millimeters) or more or dual pneumatic tires having a rim width of sixteen inches (406 millimeters) or more and a rim diameter of twenty-four inches (610 millimeters) or more and specially designed vehicles manufactured and certified for special permits prior to July 1, 1975.

(4) Permits may be issued for weights in excess of the limitations contained in subsection (1) of this section on highways or sections of highways which have been designed and constructed for weights in excess of such limitations, or for any shipment duly certified as necessary by military officials, or by officials of public or private power facilities, or when in the opinion of the department of transportation the movement or action is a necessary movement or action: PROVIDED, That in the judgment of the department of transportation the structures and highway surfaces on the routes involved are capable of sustaining weights in excess of such limitations and it is not reasonable for economic or operational considerations to transport such excess weights by rail or water for any substantial distance of the total mileage (kilometers) applied for.

(5) Permits may be issued for the operation of fire trucks on the public highways if the maximum gross weight on any single axle does not exceed twenty-four thousand pounds (10 886 kilograms) and the gross weight on any tandem axle does not exceed forty-three thousand pounds (19 504 kilograms).

(6) Application shall be made in writing on special forms provided by the department of transportation and shall be submitted at least thirty-six hours in advance of the proposed movement. An application for a special permit for a gross weight of any combination of vehicles exceeding two hundred thousand pounds (90 720 kilograms) shall be submitted in writing to the department of transportation at least thirty days in advance of the proposed movement.

Sec. 53. RCW 46.44.092 and 1989 c 398 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

Special permits may not be issued for movements on any state highway outside the limits of any city or town in excess of the following widths:

On two-lane highways, fourteen feet (4.27 meters);

On multiple-lane highways where a physical barrier serving as a median divider separates opposing traffic lanes, twenty feet (6.1 meters);'

On multiple-lane highways without a physical barrier serving as a median divider, thirty-two feet (9.75 meters).

These limits apply except under the following conditions:

(1) In the case of buildings, the limitations referred to in this section for movement on any two lane state highway other than the national system of interstate and defense highways may be exceeded under the following conditions: (a) Controlled vehicular traffic shall be maintained in one direction at all times; (b) the maximum distance of movement shall not exceed five miles (8 kilometers); additional contiguous permits shall not be issued to exceed the five-mile (8 kilometer) limit: PROVIDED, That when the department of transportation, pursuant to general rules adopted by the transportation commission, determines a hardship would result, this limitation may be exceeded upon approval of the department of transportation; (c) prior to issuing a permit a qualified transportation department employee shall make a visual inspection of the building and route involved determining that the conditions listed herein shall be complied with and that structures or overhead obstructions may be cleared or moved in order to maintain a constant and uninterrupted movement of the building; (d) special escort or other precautions may be imposed to assure movement is made under the safest possible conditions, and the Washington state patrol shall be advised when and where the movement is to be made;

(2) Permits may be issued for widths of vehicles in excess of the preceding limitations on highways or sections of highways which have been designed and constructed for width in excess of such limitations;

(3) Permits may be issued for vehicles with a total outside width, including the load, of nine feet (2.74 meters) or less when the vehicle is equipped with a mechanism designed to cover the load pursuant to RCW 46.61.655;

(4) These limitations may be rescinded when certification is made by military officials, or by officials of public or private power facilities, or when in the opinion of the department of transportation the movement or action is a necessary movement or action: PROVIDED FURTHER, That in the judgment of the department of transportation the structures and highway surfaces on the routes involved are capable of sustaining widths in excess of such limitation;

(5) These limitations shall not apply to movement during daylight hours on any two-lane state highway where the gross weight, including load, does not exceed eighty thousand pounds (36 288 kilograms) and the overall width of load does not exceed sixteen feet (4.88 meters): PROVIDED, That the minimum and maximum speed of such movements, prescribed routes of such movements, the times of such movements, limitation upon frequency of trips (which limitation shall be not less than one per week), and conditions to assure safety of traffic may be prescribed by the department of transportation or local authority issuing such special permit.

The applicant for any special permit shall specifically describe the vehicle or vehicles and load to be operated or moved and the particular state highways for which permit to operate is requested and whether such permit is requested for a single trip or for continuous operation.

Sec. 54. RCW 46.44.105 and 1993 c 403 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Violation of any of the provisions of RCW 46.44.041, 46.44.042, 46.44.047, 46.44.090, 46.44.091, and 46.44.095, or failure to obtain a permit as provided by RCW 46.44.090 and 46.44.095, or misrepresentation of the size or weight of any load or failure to follow the requirements and conditions of a permit issued hereunder is a traffic infraction, and upon the first finding thereof shall be assessed a basic penalty of not less than fifty dollars; and upon a second finding thereof shall be assessed a basic penalty of not less than seventy-five dollars; and upon a third or subsequent finding shall be assessed a basic penalty of not less than one hundred dollars.

(2) In addition to the penalties imposed in subsection (1) of this section, any person violating RCW 46.44.041, 46.44.042, 46.44.047, 46.44.090, 46.44.091, or 46.44.095 shall be assessed three cents for each pound (6.61 cents for each kilogram) of excess weight. Upon a first violation in any calendar year, the court may suspend the penalty for five hundred pounds (226.8 kilograms) of excess weight for each axle on any vehicle or combination of vehicles, not to exceed a two thousand pound (907.2 kilogram) suspension. In no case may the basic penalty assessed in subsection (1) of this section be suspended.

(3) Whenever any vehicle or combination of vehicles is involved in two violations of RCW 46.44.041, 46.44.042, 46.44.047, 46.44.090, 46.44.091, or 46.44.095 during any twelve-month period, the court may suspend the certificate of license registration of the vehicle or combination of vehicles for not less than thirty days. Upon a third or succeeding violation in any twelve-month period, the court shall suspend the certificate of license registration for not less than thirty days. Whenever the certificate of license registration is suspended, the court shall secure such certificate and immediately forward the same to the director with information concerning the suspension.

(4) Any person found to have violated any posted limitations of a highway or section of highway shall be assessed a monetary penalty of not less than one hundred and fifty dollars, and the court shall in addition thereto upon second violation within a twelve-month period involving the same power unit, suspend the certificate of license registration for not less than thirty days.

(5) It is unlawful for the driver of a vehicle to fail or refuse to stop and submit the vehicle and load to a weighing, or to fail or refuse, when directed by an officer upon a weighing of the vehicle to stop the vehicle and otherwise comply with the provisions of this section. It is unlawful for a driver of a commercial motor vehicle as defined in RCW 46.32.005, other than the driver of a bus as defined in RCW 46.32.005(2), to fail or refuse to stop at a weighing station when proper traffic control signs indicate scales are open.

Any police officer is authorized to require the driver of any vehicle or combination of vehicles to stop and submit to a weighing either by means of a portable or stationary scale and may require that the vehicle be driven to the nearest public scale. Whenever a police officer, upon weighing a vehicle and load, determines that the weight is unlawful, the officer may require the driver to stop the vehicle in a suitable location and remain standing until such portion of the load is removed as may be necessary to reduce the gross weight of the vehicle to the limit permitted by law. If the vehicle is loaded with grain or other perishable commodities, the driver shall be permitted to proceed without removing any of the load, unless the gross weight of the vehicle and load exceeds by more than ten percent the limit permitted by this chapter. The owner or operator of the vehicle shall care for all materials unloaded at the risk of the owner or operator.

Any vehicle whose driver or owner represents that the vehicle is disabled or otherwise unable to proceed to a weighing location shall have its load sealed or otherwise marked by any police officer. The owner or driver shall be directed that upon completion of repairs, the vehicle shall submit to weighing with the load and markings and/or seal intact and undisturbed. Failure to report for weighing, appearing for weighing with the seal broken or the markings disturbed, or removal of any cargo prior to weighing is unlawful. Any person so convicted shall be fined five hundred dollars, and in addition the certificate of license registration shall be suspended for not less than thirty days.

(6) Any other provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, district courts having venue have concurrent jurisdiction with the superior courts for the imposition of any penalties authorized under this section.

(7) For the purpose of determining additional penalties as provided by subsection (2) of this section, "excess weight" means the poundage (kilograms) in excess of the maximum gross weight prescribed by RCW 46.44.041 and 46.44.042 plus the weights allowed by RCW 46.44.047, 46.44.091, and 46.44.095.

(8) The penalties provided in subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall be remitted as provided in chapter 3.62 RCW or RCW 10.82.070. For the purpose of computing the basic penalties and additional penalties to be imposed under the provisions of subsections (1) and (2) of this section the convictions shall be on the same vehicle or combination of vehicles within a twelve-month period under the same ownership.

(9) Any state patrol officer or any weight control officer who finds any person operating a vehicle or a combination of vehicles in violation of the conditions of a permit issued under RCW 46.44.047, 46.44.090, and 46.44.095 may confiscate the permit and forward it to the state department of transportation which may return it to the permittee or revoke, cancel, or suspend it without refund. The department of transportation shall keep a record of all action taken upon permits so confiscated, and if a permit is returned to the permittee the action taken by the department of transportation shall be endorsed thereon. Any permittee whose permit is suspended or revoked may upon request receive a hearing before the department of transportation or person designated by that department. After the hearing the department of transportation may reinstate any permit or revise its previous action.

Every permit issued as provided for in this chapter shall be carried in the vehicle or combination of vehicles to which it refers and shall be open to inspection by any law enforcement officer or authorized agent of any authority granting such a permit.

Upon the third finding within a calendar year of a violation of the requirements and conditions of a permit issued under RCW 46.44.095 as now or hereafter amended, the permit shall be canceled, and the canceled permit shall be immediately transmitted by the court or the arresting officer to the department of transportation. The vehicle covered by the canceled permit is not eligible for a new permit for a period of thirty days.

(10) For the purposes of determining gross weights the actual scale weight taken by the arresting officer is prima facie evidence of the total gross weight.

(11) It is a traffic infraction to direct the loading of a vehicle with knowledge that it violates the requirements in RCW 46.44.041, 46.44.042, 46.44.047, 46.44.090, 46.44.091, or 46.44.095 and that it is to be operated on the public highways of this state.

(12) The chief of the state patrol, with the advice of the department, may adopt reasonable rules to aid in the enforcement of this section.

Sec. 55. RCW 46.44.130 and 1979 ex.s. c 136 s 76 are each amended to read as follows:

The limitations of RCW 46.44.010, 46.44.020, 46.44.030, and 46.44.041 shall not apply to the movement of farm implements of less than forty-five thousand pounds (20 410 kilograms) gross weight, a total length of seventy feet (21.34 meters) or less, and a total outside width of fourteen feet (4.26 meters) or less when being moved while patrolled, flagged, lighted, signed, and at a time of day in accordance with rules hereby authorized to be adopted by the department of transportation and the statutes. Violation of a rule adopted by the department as authorized by this section or a term of this section is a traffic infraction.

Sec. 56. RCW 46.44.140 and 1984 c 7 s 60 are each amended to read as follows:

In addition to any other special permits authorized by law, special permits may be issued by the department of transportation for a quarterly or annual period upon such terms and conditions as it finds proper for the movement of (1) farm implements used for the cutting or threshing of mature crops; or (2) other farm implements that may be identified by rule of the department of transportation. Any farm implement moved under this section must have a gross weight less than forty-five thousand pounds (20 410 kilograms) and a total outside width of less than twenty feet (6.1 meters) while being moved, and such movement must be patrolled, flagged, lighted, signed, at a time of day, and otherwise in accordance with rules hereby authorized to be adopted by the department of transportation for the control of such movements.

Applications for and permits issued under this section shall provide for a description of the farm implements to be moved, the approximate dates of movement, and the routes of movement so far as they are reasonably known to the applicant at the time of application, but the permit shall not be limited to these circumstances but shall be general in its application except as limited by the statutes and rules adopted by the department of transportation.

A copy of the governing permit shall be carried on the farm implement being moved during the period of its movement. The department shall collect a fee as provided in RCW 46.44.0941.

Violation of a term or condition under which a permit was issued, of a rule adopted by the department of transportation as authorized by this section, or of a term of this section is a traffic infraction.

Sec. 57. RCW 46.61.120 and 1965 ex.s. c 155 s 19 are each amended to read as follows:

No vehicle shall be driven to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless authorized by the provisions of RCW 46.61.100 through 46.61.160 and unless such left side is clearly visible and is free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking and passing to be completely made without interfering with the operation of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction or any vehicle overtaken. In every event the overtaking vehicle must return to an authorized lane of travel as soon as practicable and in the event the passing movement involves the use of a lane authorized for vehicles approaching from the opposite direction, before coming within two hundred feet (61 meters) of any approaching vehicle.

Sec. 58. RCW 46.61.125 and 1972 ex.s. c 33 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) No vehicle shall be driven on the left side of the roadway under the following conditions:

(a) When approaching or upon the crest of a grade or a curve in the highway where the driver's view is obstructed within such distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle might approach from the opposite direction;

(b) When approaching within one hundred feet (30.5 meters) of or traversing any intersection or railroad grade crossing;

(2) The foregoing limitations shall not apply upon a one-way roadway, nor under the conditions described in RCW 46.61.100(1)(b), nor to the driver of a vehicle turning left into or from an alley, private road or driveway.

Sec. 59. RCW 46.61.150 and 1972 ex.s. c 33 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:

Whenever any highway has been divided into two or more roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section or by a median island not less than eighteen inches (457 millimeters) wide formed either by solid yellow pavement markings or by a yellow crosshatching between two solid yellow lines so installed as to control vehicular traffic, every vehicle shall be driven only upon the right-hand roadway unless directed or permitted to use another roadway by official traffic-control devices or police officers. No vehicle shall be driven over, across or within any such dividing space, barrier or section, or median island, except through an opening in such physical barrier or dividing section or space or median island, or at a crossover or intersection established by public authority.

Sec. 60. RCW 46.61.290 and 1984 c 12 s 1 and 1984 c 7 s 68 are each reenacted and amended to read as follows:

The driver of a vehicle intending to turn shall do so as follows:

(1) Right turns. Both the approach for a right turn and a right turn shall be made as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.

(2) Left turns. The driver of a vehicle intending to turn left shall approach the turn in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of the vehicle. Whenever practicable the left turn shall be made to the left of the center of the intersection and so as to leave the intersection or other location in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the same direction as the vehicle on the roadway being entered.

(3) Two-way left turn lanes.

(a) The department of transportation and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may designate a two-way left turn lane on a roadway. A two-way left turn lane is near the center of the roadway set aside for use by vehicles making left turns in either direction from or into the roadway.

(b) Two-way left turn lanes shall be designated by distinctive uniform roadway markings. The department of transportation shall determine and prescribe standards and specifications governing type, length, width, and positioning of the distinctive permanent markings. The standards and specifications developed shall be filed with the code reviser in accordance with the procedures set forth in the administrative procedure act, chapter 34.05 RCW. On and after July 1, 1971, permanent markings designating a two-way left turn lane shall conform to such standards and specifications.

(c) Upon a roadway where a center lane has been provided by distinctive pavement markings for the use of vehicles turning left from either direction, no vehicles may turn left from any other lane. A vehicle shall not be driven in this center lane for the purpose of overtaking or passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction. A signal, either electric or manual, for indicating a left turn movement, shall be made at least one hundred feet (30.5 meters) before the actual left turn movement is made.

(4) The department of transportation and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may cause official traffic-control devices to be placed and thereby require and direct that a different course from that specified in this section be traveled by turning vehicles, and when the devices are so placed no driver of a vehicle may turn a vehicle other than as directed and required by the devices.

Sec. 61. RCW 46.61.295 and 1975 c 62 s 29 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) The driver of any vehicle shall not turn such vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite direction unless such movement can be made in safety and without interfering with other traffic.

(2) No vehicle shall be turned so as to proceed in the opposite direction upon any curve, or upon the approach to or near the crest of a grade, where such vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle approaching from either direction within five hundred feet (152.4 meters).

Sec. 62. RCW 46.61.305 and 1975 c 62 s 30 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) No person shall turn a vehicle or move right or left upon a roadway unless and until such movement can be made with reasonable safety nor without giving an appropriate signal in the manner hereinafter provided.

(2) A signal of intention to turn or move right or left when required shall be given continuously during not less than the last one hundred feet (30.5 meters) traveled by the vehicle before turning.

(3) No person shall stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided herein to the driver of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give such signal.

(4) The signals provided for in RCW 46.61.310 subsection (2), shall not be flashed on one side only on a disabled vehicle, flashed as a courtesy or "do pass" signal to operators of other vehicles approaching from the rear, nor be flashed on one side only of a parked vehicle except as may be necessary for compliance with this section.

Sec. 63. RCW 46.61.310 and 1965 ex.s. c 155 s 44 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Any stop or turn signal when required herein shall be given either by means of the hand and arm or by signal lamps, except as otherwise provided in subsection (2) hereof.

(2) Any motor vehicle in use on a highway shall be equipped with, and required signal shall be given by, signal lamps when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the left outside limit of the body, cab or load of such motor vehicle exceeds twenty-four inches (610 millimeters), or when the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the rear limit of the body or load thereof exceeds fourteen feet (4.26 meters). The latter measurements shall apply to any single vehicle, also to any combination of vehicles.

Sec. 64. RCW 46.61.340 and 1965 ex.s. c 155 s 46 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Whenever any person driving a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing under any of the circumstances stated in this section, the driver of such vehicle shall stop within fifty feet (15.2 meters) but not less than fifteen feet (4.6 meters) from the nearest rail of such railroad, and shall not proceed until he can do so safely. The foregoing requirements shall apply when:

(a) A clearly visible electric or mechanical signal device gives warning of the immediate approach of a railroad train;

(b) A crossing gate is lowered or when a human flagman gives or continues to give a signal of the approach or passage of a railroad train;

(2) No person shall drive any vehicle through, around or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while such gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.

Sec. 65. RCW 46.61.345 and 1984 c 7 s 69 are each amended to read as follows:

The state department of transportation and local authorities within their respective jurisdictions are authorized to designate particularly dangerous highway grade crossings of railroads and to erect stop signs at those crossings. When such stop signs are erected the driver of any vehicle shall stop within fifty feet (15.2 meters) but not less than fifteen feet (4.6 meters) from the nearest rail of the railroad and shall proceed only upon exercising due care.

Sec. 66. RCW 46.61.350 and 1977 c 78 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) The driver of any motor vehicle carrying passengers for hire, other than a passenger car, or of any school bus or private carrier bus carrying any school child or other passenger, or of any vehicle carrying explosive substances or flammable liquids as a cargo or part of a cargo, before crossing at grade any track or tracks of a railroad, shall stop such vehicle within fifty feet (15.2 meters) but not less than fifteen feet (4.6 meters) from the nearest rail of such railroad and while so stopped shall listen and look in both directions along such track for any approaching train, and for signals indicating the approach of a train, except as hereinafter provided, and shall not proceed until he can do so safely. After stopping as required herein and upon proceeding when it is safe to do so the driver of any said vehicle shall cross only in such gear of the vehicle that there will be no necessity for changing gears while traversing such crossing, and the driver shall not shift gears while crossing the track or tracks.

(2) This section shall not apply at:

(a) Any railroad grade crossing at which traffic is controlled by a police officer or a duly authorized flagman;

(b) Any railroad grade crossing at which traffic is regulated by a traffic control signal;

(c) Any railroad grade crossing protected by crossing gates or an alternately flashing light signal intended to give warning of the approach of a railroad train;

(d) Any railroad grade crossing at which an official traffic control device as designated by the utilities and transportation commission pursuant to RCW 81.53.060 gives notice that the stopping requirement imposed by this section does not apply.

Sec. 67. RCW 46.61.355 and 1975 c 62 s 32 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) No person shall operate or move any crawler-type tractor, steam shovel, derrick, roller, or any equipment or structure having a normal operating speed of ten or less miles per hour or a vertical body or load clearance of less than one-half inch per foot (125 millimeters per 3000 millimeters) of the distance between any two adjacent axles or in any event of less than nine inches (229 millimeters), measured above the level surface of a roadway, upon or across any tracks at a railroad grade crossing without first complying with this section.

(2) Notice of any such intended crossing shall be given to the station agent of such railroad located nearest the intended crossing sufficiently in advance to allow such railroad a reasonable time to prescribe proper protection for such crossing.

(3) Before making any such crossing the person operating or moving any such vehicle or equipment shall first stop the same not less than fifteen feet (4.6 meters) nor more than fifty feet (15.2 meters) from the nearest rail of such railroad and while so stopped shall listen and look in both directions along such track for any approaching train and for signals indicating the approach of a train, and shall not proceed until the crossing can be made safely.

(4) No such crossing shall be made when warning is given by automatic signal or crossing gates or a flagman or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train or car. If a flagman is provided by the railroad, movement over the crossing shall be under his direction.

Sec. 68. RCW 46.61.410 and 1987 c 397 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:

(1)(a) Subject to subsection (2) of this section the secretary may increase the maximum speed limit on any highway or portion thereof to not more than seventy miles per hour in accordance with the design speed thereof (taking into account all safety elements included therein), or whenever the secretary determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that such greater speed is reasonable and safe under the circumstances existing on such part of the highway.

(b) If the federal government increases the national maximum speed limit to at least sixty-five miles per hour on any part of the highway system, the secretary of transportation shall forthwith increase to that same speed the maximum speed limit on any such highway or portion thereof then posted at fifty-five miles per hour to a maximum of sixty-five miles per hour, subject to subsection (2) of this section, if such limit had been established for that highway or portion thereof in order to comply with the former national maximum speed limit. However, if an engineering and traffic investigation conducted by the department clearly indicates that a speed limit above fifty-five miles an hour would be unsafe for that highway or a portion thereof, the secretary of transportation shall not increase the speed limit for that highway or portion thereof above the safe speed indicated by the investigation. The speed limit on interstate route number 5 between Everett and Olympia may not be increased above fifty-five miles per hour under this subsection (b).

(c) The greater maximum limit established under (a) or (b) of this subsection shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected, or if a maximum limit is established for auto stages which is lower than the limit for automobiles, the auto stage speed limit shall become effective thirty days after written notice thereof is mailed in the manner provided in subsection (4) of this section.

(d) Such maximum speed limit may be declared to be effective at all times or at such times as are indicated upon said signs or in the case of auto stages, as indicated in said written notice; and differing limits may be established for different times of day, different types of vehicles, varying weather conditions, and other factors bearing on safe speeds, which shall be effective when posted upon appropriate fixed or variable signs or if a maximum limit is established for auto stages which is lower than the limit for automobiles, the auto stage speed limit shall become effective thirty days after written notice thereof is mailed in the manner provided in subsection (4) of this section.

(2) The maximum speed limit for vehicles over ten thousand pounds (4536 kilograms) gross weight and vehicles in combination except auto stages shall not exceed sixty miles per hour and may be established at a lower limit by the secretary as provided in RCW 46.61.405.

(3) The word "trucks" used by the department on signs giving notice of maximum speed limits means vehicles over ten thousand pounds (4536 kilograms) gross weight and all vehicles in combination except auto stages.

(4) Whenever the secretary establishes maximum speed limits for auto stages lower than the maximum limits for automobiles, the secretary shall cause to be mailed notice thereof to each auto transportation company holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity issued by the Washington utilities and transportation commission. The notice shall be mailed to the chief place of business within the state of Washington of each auto transportation company or if none then its chief place of business without the state of Washington.

Sec. 69. RCW 46.61.440 and 1975 c 62 s 34 are each amended to read as follows:

Subject to RCW 46.61.400(1), and except in those instances where a lower maximum lawful speed is provided by this chapter or otherwise, it shall be unlawful for the operator of any vehicle to operate the same at a speed in excess of twenty miles per hour when operating any vehicle upon a highway either inside or outside an incorporated city or town when passing any marked school or playground crosswalk when such marked crosswalk is fully posted with standard school speed limit signs or standard playground speed limit signs. The speed zone at the crosswalk shall extend three hundred feet (91.4 meters) in either direction from the marked crosswalk.

Sec. 70. RCW 46.61.450 and 1977 ex.s. c 151 s 39 are each amended to read as follows:

It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a vehicle or any combination of vehicles over any bridge or other elevated structure or through any tunnel or underpass constituting a part of any public highway at a rate of speed or with a gross weight or of a size which is greater at any time than the maximum speed or maximum weight or size which can be maintained or carried with safety over any such bridge or structure or through any such tunnel or underpass when such bridge, structure, tunnel, or underpass is sign posted as hereinafter provided. The secretary of transportation, if it be a bridge, structure, tunnel, or underpass upon a state highway, or the governing body or authorities of any county, city, or town, if it be upon roads or streets under their jurisdiction, may restrict the speed which may be maintained or the gross weight or size which may be operated upon or over any such bridge or elevated structure or through any such tunnel or underpass with safety thereto. The secretary or the governing body or authorities of any county, city, or town having jurisdiction shall determine and declare the maximum speed or maximum gross weight or size which such bridge, elevated structure, tunnel, or underpass can withstand or accommodate and shall cause suitable signs stating such maximum speed or maximum gross weight, or size, or either, to be erected and maintained on the right hand side of such highway, road, or street and at a distance of not less than one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from each end of such bridge, structure, tunnel, or underpass and on the approach thereto: PROVIDED, That in the event that any such bridge, elevated structure, tunnel, or underpass is upon a city street designated by the transportation commission as forming a part of the route of any state highway through any such incorporated city or town the determination of any maximum speed or maximum gross weight or size which such bridge, elevated structure, tunnel, or underpass can withstand or accommodate shall not be enforceable at any speed, weight, or size less than the maximum allowed by law, unless with the approval in writing of the secretary. Upon the trial of any person charged with a violation of this section, proof of either violation of maximum speed or maximum weight, or size, or either, and the distance and location of such signs as are required, shall constitute conclusive evidence of the maximum speed or maximum weight, or size, or either, which can be maintained or carried with safety over such bridge or elevated structure or through such tunnel or underpass.

Sec. 71. RCW 46.61.460 and 1965 ex.s. c 155 s 57 are each amended to read as follows:

No person shall operate any motor-driven cycle at any time mentioned in RCW 46.37.020 at a speed greater than thirty-five miles per hour unless such motor-driven cycle is equipped with a head lamp or lamps which are adequate to reveal a person or vehicle at a distance of three hundred feet (91.4 meters) ahead.

Sec. 72. RCW 46.61.570 and 1977 ex.s. c 151 s 40 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic, or in compliance with law or the directions of a police officer or official traffic control device, no person shall:

(a) Stop, stand, or park a vehicle:

(i) On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street;

(ii) On a sidewalk or street planting strip;

(iii) Within an intersection;

(iv) On a crosswalk;

(v) Between a safety zone and the adjacent curb or within thirty feet (9.1 meters) of points on the curb immediately opposite the ends of a safety zone, unless official signs or markings indicate a different no-parking area opposite the ends of a safety zone;

(vi) Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic;

(vii) Upon any bridge or other elevated structure upon a highway or within a highway tunnel;

(viii) On any railroad tracks;

(ix) In the area between roadways of a divided highway including crossovers; or

(x) At any place where official signs prohibit stopping.

(b) Stand or park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except momentarily to pick up or discharge a passenger or passengers:

(i) In front of a public or private driveway or within five feet (1.5 meters) of the end of the curb radius leading thereto;

(ii) Within fifteen feet (4.6 meters) of a fire hydrant;

(iii) Within twenty feet (6.1 meters) of a crosswalk;

(iv) Within thirty feet (9.1 meters) upon the approach to any flashing signal, stop sign, yield sign, or traffic control signal located at the side of a roadway;

(v) Within twenty feet (6.1 meters) of the driveway entrance to any fire station and on the side of a street opposite the entrance to any fire station within seventy-five feet (22.9 meters) of said entrance when properly signposted; or

(vi) At any place where official signs prohibit standing.

(c) Park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading property or passengers:

(i) Within fifty feet (15.2 meters) of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing; or

(ii) At any place where official signs prohibit parking.

(2) Parking or standing shall be permitted in the manner provided by law at all other places except a time limit may be imposed or parking restricted at other places but such limitation and restriction shall be by city ordinance or county resolution or order of the secretary of transportation upon highways under their respective jurisdictions.

(3) No person shall move a vehicle not lawfully under his or her control into any such prohibited area or away from a curb such a distance as is unlawful.

(4) It shall be unlawful for any person to reserve or attempt to reserve any portion of a highway for the purpose of stopping, standing, or parking to the exclusion of any other like person, nor shall any person be granted such right.

Sec. 73. RCW 46.61.575 and 1977 ex.s. c 151 s 41 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, every vehicle stopped or parked upon a two-way roadway shall be so stopped or parked with the right-hand wheels parallel to and within twelve inches (305 millimeters) of the right-hand curb or as close as practicable to the right edge of the right-hand shoulder.

(2) Except when otherwise provided by local ordinance, every vehicle stopped or parked upon a one-way roadway shall be so stopped or parked parallel to the curb or edge of the roadway, in the direction of authorized traffic movement, with its right-hand wheels within twelve inches (305 millimeters) of the right-hand curb or as close as practicable to the right edge of the right-hand shoulder, or with its left-hand wheels within twelve inches (305 millimeters) of the left-hand curb or as close as practicable to the left edge of the left-hand shoulder.

(3) Local authorities may by ordinance or resolution permit angle parking on any roadway, except that angle parking shall not be permitted on any federal-aid or state highway unless the secretary of transportation has determined by order that the roadway is of sufficient width to permit angle parking without interfering with the free movement of traffic.

(4) The secretary with respect to highways under his or her jurisdiction may place official traffic control devices prohibiting, limiting, or restricting the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles on any highway where the secretary has determined by order, such stopping, standing, or parking is dangerous to those using the highway or where the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles would unduly interfere with the free movement of traffic thereon. No person shall stop, stand, or park any vehicle in violation of the restrictions indicated by such devices.

Sec. 74. RCW 46.61.581 and 1988 c 74 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

A parking space or stall for a disabled person shall be indicated by a vertical sign, between thirty-six (914 millimeters) and eighty-four (2134 millimeters) inches off the ground, with the international symbol of access, whose colors are white on a blue background, described under RCW 70.92.120 and the notice "State disabled parking permit required."

Failure of the person owning or controlling the property where required parking spaces are located to erect and maintain the sign is a class 4 civil infraction under chapter 7.80 RCW for each parking space that should be so designated.

Sec. 75. RCW 46.61.655 and 1990 c 250 s 56 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) No vehicle shall be driven or moved on any public highway unless such vehicle is so constructed or loaded as to prevent any of its load from dropping, sifting, leaking, or otherwise escaping therefrom, except that sand may be dropped for the purpose of securing traction. Any person operating a vehicle from which any glass or objects have fallen or escaped, which would constitute an obstruction or injure a vehicle or otherwise endanger travel upon such public highway shall immediately cause the public highway to be cleaned of all such glass or objects and shall pay any costs therefor.

(2) No person may operate on any public highway any vehicle with any load unless the load and such covering as required thereon by subsection (3) of this section is securely fastened to prevent the covering or load from becoming loose, detached, or in any manner a hazard to other users of the highway.

(3) Any vehicle operating on a paved public highway with a load of dirt, sand, or gravel susceptible to being dropped, spilled, leaked, or otherwise escaping therefrom shall be covered so as to prevent spillage. Covering of such loads is not required if six inches (152 millimeters) of freeboard is maintained within the bed.

(4) Any vehicle with deposits of mud, rocks, or other debris on the vehicle's body, fenders, frame, undercarriage, wheels, or tires shall be cleaned of such material before the operation of the vehicle on a paved public highway.

(5) The state patrol may make necessary rules to carry into effect the provisions of this section, applying such provisions to specific conditions and loads and prescribing means, methods, and practices to effectuate such provisions.

(6) Nothing in this section may be construed to prohibit a public maintenance vehicle from dropping sand on a highway to enhance traction, or sprinkling water or other substances to clean or maintain a highway.

Sec. 76. RCW 47.04.010 and 1975 c 62 s 50 are each amended to read as follows:

The following words and phrases, wherever used in this title, shall have the meaning as in this section ascribed to them, unless where used the context thereof shall clearly indicate to the contrary or unless otherwise defined in the chapter of which they are a part:

(1) "Alley." A highway within the ordinary meaning of alley not designated for general travel and primarily used as a means of access to the rear of residences and business establishments;

(2) "Arterial highway." Every highway, as herein defined, or portion thereof designated as such by proper authority;

(3) "Business district." The territory contiguous to and including a highway, as herein defined, when within any six hundred feet (182.9 meters) along such highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to hotels, banks, or office buildings, railroad stations, and public buildings which occupy at least three hundred feet (91.4 meters) of frontage on one side or three hundred feet (91.4 meters) collectively on both sides of the highway;

(4) "Center line." The line, marked or unmarked parallel to and equidistant from the sides of a two-way traffic roadway of a highway except where otherwise indicated by painted lines or markers;

(5) "Center of intersection." The point of intersection of the center lines of the roadways of intersecting highways;

(6) "City street." Every highway as herein defined, or part thereof located within the limits of incorporated cities and towns, except alleys;

(7) "Combination of vehicles." Every combination of motor vehicle and motor vehicle, motor vehicle and trailer, or motor vehicle and semitrailer;

(8) "Commercial vehicle." Any vehicle the principal use of which is the transportation of commodities, merchandise, produce, freight, animals, or passengers for hire;

(9) "County road." Every highway as herein defined, or part thereof, outside the limits of incorporated cities and towns and which has not been designated as a state highway, or branch thereof;

(10) "Crosswalk." The portion of the roadway between the intersection area and a prolongation or connection of the farthest sidewalk line or in the event there are no sidewalks then between the intersection area and a line ten feet (3 meters) therefrom, except as modified by a marked crosswalk;

(11) "Intersection area." (a) The area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or, if none, then the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two or more highways which join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling upon different highways joining at any other angle may come in conflict;

(b) Where a highway includes two roadways thirty feet (9.1 meters) or more apart, then every crossing of each roadway of such divided highway by an intersecting highway shall be regarded as a separate intersection. In the event such intersecting highway also includes two roadways thirty feet (9.1 meters) or more apart, then every crossing of two roadways of such highways shall be regarded as a separate intersection;

(12) "Intersection control area." The intersection area as herein defined, together with such modification of the adjacent roadway area as results from the arc or curb corners and together with any marked or unmarked crosswalks adjacent to the intersection;

(13) "Laned highway." A highway the roadway of which is divided into clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic;

(14) "Local authorities." Every county, municipal, or other local public board or body having authority to adopt local police regulations under the Constitution and laws of this state;

(15) "Marked crosswalk." Any portion of a roadway distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface thereof;

(16) "Metal tire." Every tire, the bearing surface of which in contact with the highway is wholly or partly of metal or other hard, nonresilient material;

(17) "Motor truck." Any motor vehicle, as herein defined, designed or used for the transportation of commodities, merchandise, produce, freight, or animals;

(18) "Motor vehicle." Every vehicle, as herein defined, which is in itself a self-propelled unit;

(19) "Multiple lane highway." Any highway the roadway of which is of sufficient width to reasonably accommodate two or more separate lanes of vehicular traffic in the same direction, each lane of which shall be not less than the maximum legal vehicle width, and whether or not such lanes are marked;

(20) "Operator." Every person who drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle as herein defined;

(21) "Peace officer." Any officer authorized by law to execute criminal process or to make arrests for the violation of the statutes generally or of any particular statute or statutes relative to the highways of this state;

(22) "Pedestrian." Any person afoot;

(23) "Person." Every natural person, firm, copartnership, corporation, association, or organization;

(24) "Pneumatic tires." Every tire of rubber or other resilient material designed to be inflated with compressed air to support the load thereon;

(25) "Private road or driveway." Every way or place in private ownership and used for travel of vehicles by the owner or those having express or implied permission from the owner, but not by other persons;

(26) "Highway." Every way, lane, road, street, boulevard, and every way or place in the state of Washington open as a matter of right to public vehicular travel both inside and outside the limits of incorporated cities and towns;

(27) "Railroad." A carrier of persons or property upon vehicles, other than street cars, operated upon stationary rails, the route of which is principally outside incorporated cities and towns;

(28) "Railroad sign or signal." Any sign, signal, or device erected by authority of a public body or official or by a railroad and intended to give notice of the presence of railroad tracks or the approach of a railroad train;

(29) "Residence district." The territory contiguous to and including the highway, as herein defined, not comprising a business district, as herein defined, when the property on such highway for a continuous distance of three hundred feet (91.4 meters) or more on either side thereof is in the main improved with residences or residences and buildings in use for business;

(30) "Roadway." The paved, improved, or proper driving portion of a highway designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel;

(31) "Safety zone." The area or space officially set apart within a roadway for the exclusive use of pedestrians and which is protected or is marked or indicated by painted marks, signs, buttons, standards, or otherwise so as to be plainly discernible;

(32) "Sidewalk." That property between the curb lines or the lateral lines of a roadway, as herein defined, and the adjacent property, set aside and intended for the use of pedestrians or such portion of private property parallel and in proximity to a highway and dedicated to use by pedestrians;

(33) "Solid tire." Every tire of rubber or other resilient material which does not depend upon inflation with compressed air for the support of the load thereon;

(34) "State highway." Every highway as herein defined, or part thereof, which has been designated as a state highway, or branch thereof, by legislative enactment;

(35) "Street car." A vehicle other than a train, as herein defined, for the transporting of persons or property and operated upon stationary rails principally within incorporated cities and towns;

(36) "Traffic." Pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, street cars, and other conveyances either singly or together while using any highways for purposes of travel;

(37) "Traffic control signal." Any traffic device, as herein defined, whether manually, electrically, or mechanically operated, by which traffic alternately is directed to stop or proceed or otherwise controlled;

(38) "Traffic devices." All signs, signals, markings, and devices not inconsistent with this title placed or erected by authority of a public body or official having jurisdiction, for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic;

(39) "Train." A vehicle propelled by steam, electricity, or other motive power with or without cars coupled thereto, operated upon stationary rails, except street cars;

(40) "Vehicle." Every device capable of being moved upon a highway and in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, excepting devices moved by human or animal power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.

Words and phrases used herein in the past, present, or future tense shall include the past, present, and future tenses; words and phrases used herein in the masculine, feminine, or neuter gender shall include the masculine, feminine, and neuter genders; and words and phrases used herein in the singular or plural shall include the singular and plural; unless the context thereof shall indicate to the contrary.

Sec. 77. RCW 47.12.026 and 1984 c 7 s 116 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) The department of transportation may acquire an easement for highway or toll facilities right of way or for ferry terminal or docking facilities, including the right to make necessary fills, on, over, or across the beds of navigable waters which are under the jurisdiction of the department of natural resources, in accordance with the provisions of RCW 47.12.023, except that no charge may be made to the department of transportation for such an easement.

(2) The department of transportation may obtain an easement for highway or toll facilities purposes or for ferry terminal or docking facilities on, over, or across harbor areas in accordance with RCW 47.12.023 but only when the areas are approved by the harbor line commission as a public place for public landings, wharves, or other public conveniences of commerce or navigation. No charge may be made to the department of transportation for such an easement.

(3) Upon the selection by the department of transportation of an easement for highway or toll facilities right of way or for ferry terminal or docking facilities, as authorized in subsections (1) and (2) of this section, the department of natural resources shall cause to be executed and delivered to the department of transportation an instrument transferring the easement. Whenever the state no longer requires the easement for highway or toll facilities right of way or for ferry terminal or docking facilities, the easement shall automatically terminate and the department of transportation shall, upon request, cause to be executed an instrument relinquishing to the department of natural resources all of its interest in the lands.

(4) The department of transportation, pursuant to the procedures set forth in RCW 47.12.023, may remove sand and gravel and borrow materials and stone from the beds of navigable waters under the jurisdiction of the department of natural resources which lie below the line of ordinary high water upon the payment of fair market value per cubic yard (cubic meter) for such materials to be determined in the manner set forth in RCW 47.12.023.

(5) The department of transportation may acquire full jurisdiction over lands under the jurisdiction of the department of natural resources including the beds of navigable waters that are required for the relocation of the operating tracks of any railroad that will be displaced by the acquisition of such railroad property for state highway purposes. The department of transportation may exchange lands so acquired in consideration or partial consideration for the land or property rights needed for highway purposes and may cause to be executed a conveyance of the lands in the manner prescribed in RCW 47.12.150. In that event the department of transportation shall pay to the department of natural resources, as just compensation for the acquisition, the fair market value of the property, including the beds of any navigable waters, to be determined in accordance with procedures set forth in RCW 47.12.023.

Sec. 78. RCW 47.17.001 and 1993 c 430 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

In considering whether to make additions, deletions, or other changes to the state highway system, the legislature shall be guided by the following criteria as contained in the Road Jurisdiction Committee Phase I report to the legislature dated January 1987:

(1) A rural highway route should be designated as a state highway if it meets any of the following criteria:

(a) Is designated as part of the national system of interstate and defense highways (popularly called the interstate system); or

(b) Is designated as part of the system of numbered United States routes; or

(2) A rural highway route may be designated as a state highway if it is part of an integrated system of roads and:

(a) Carries in excess of three hundred thousand tons (272 160 metric tons) annually and provides primary access to a rural port or intermodal freight terminal;

(b) Provides a major cross-connection between existing state highways;

(i) A population center of one thousand or greater;

(ii) An area or aggregation of areas having a population equivalency of one thousand or more, such as, but not limited to, recreation areas, military installations, and so forth;

(iii) A county seat;

(iv) A major commercial-industrial terminal in a rural area with a population equivalency of one thousand or greater; or

(d) Is designated as a scenic and recreational highway.

(3) An urban highway route that meets any of the following criteria should be designated as part of the state highway system:

(a) Is designated as part of the interstate system;

(b) Is designated as part of the system of numbered United States routes;

(c) Is an urban extension of a rural state highway into or through an urban area and is necessary to form an integrated system of state highways;

(d) Is a principal arterial that is a connecting link between two state highways and serves regionally oriented through traffic in urbanized areas with a population of fifty thousand or greater, or is a spur that serves regionally oriented traffic in urbanized areas.

(4) The following guidelines are intended to be used as a basis for interpreting and applying the criteria to specific routes:

(a) For any route wholly within one or more contiguous jurisdictions which would be proposed for transfer to the state highway system under these criteria, if local officials prefer, responsibility will remain at the local level.

(b) State highway routes maintain continuity of the system by being composed of routes that join other state routes at both ends or to arterial routes in the states of Oregon and Idaho and the Province of British Columbia.

(c) Public facilities may be considered to be served if they are within approximately two miles (3.2 kilometers) of a state highway.

(d) Exceptions may be made to include:

(i) Rural spurs as state highways if they meet the criteria relative to serving population centers of one thousand or greater population or activity centers with population equivalencies or an aggregated population of one thousand or greater;

(ii) Urban spurs as state highways that provide needed access to Washington state ferry terminals, state parks, major seaports, and trunk airports; and

(iii) Urban connecting links as state highways that function as needed bypass routing of regionally oriented through traffic and benefit truck routing, capacity alternative, business congestion, and geometric deficiencies.

(e) In urban and urbanized areas:

(i) Unless they are significant regional traffic generators, public facilities such as state hospitals, state correction centers, state universities, ferry terminals, and military bases do not constitute a criteria for establishment of a state highway; and

(ii) There may be no more than one parallel nonaccess controlled facility in the same corridor as a freeway or limited access facility as designated by the metropolitan planning organization.

(f) When there is a choice of two or more routes between population centers, the state route designation shall normally be based on the following considerations:

(i) The ability to handle higher traffic volumes;

(ii) The higher ability to accommodate further development or expansion along the existing alignment;

(iii) The most direct route and the lowest travel time;

(iv) The route that serves traffic with the most interstate, state-wide, and interregional significance;

(v) The route that provides the optimal spacing between other state routes; and

(vi) The route that best serves the comprehensive plan for community development in those areas where such a plan has been developed and adopted.

(g) A route designated in chapter 47.39 RCW as a scenic and recreational highway may be designated as a state highway in addition to a parallel state highway route.

Sec. 79. RCW 47.24.020 and 1993 c 126 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

The jurisdiction, control, and duty of the state and city or town with respect to such streets shall be as follows:

(1) The department has no authority to change or establish any grade of any such street without approval of the governing body of such city or town, except with respect to limited access facilities established by the commission;

(2) The city or town shall exercise full responsibility for and control over any such street beyond the curbs and if no curb is installed, beyond that portion of the highway used for highway purposes. However, within incorporated cities and towns the title to a state limited access highway vests in the state, and, notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the department shall exercise full jurisdiction, responsibility, and control to and over such facility as provided in chapter 47.52 RCW;

(3) The department has authority to prohibit the suspension of signs, banners, or decorations above the portion of such street between the curbs or portion used for highway purposes up to a vertical height of twenty feet (6.1 meters) above the surface of the roadway;

(4) The city or town shall at its own expense maintain all underground facilities in such streets, and has the right to construct such additional underground facilities as may be necessary in such streets;

(5) The city or town has the right to grant the privilege to open the surface of any such street, but all damage occasioned thereby shall promptly be repaired either by the city or town itself or at its direction;

(6) The city or town at its own expense shall provide street illumination and shall clean all such streets, including storm sewer inlets and catch basins, and remove all snow, except that the state shall when necessary plow the snow on the roadway. In cities and towns having a population of twenty-two thousand five hundred or less according to the latest determination of population by the office of financial management, the state, when necessary for public safety, shall assume, at its expense, responsibility for the stability of the slopes of cuts and fills and the embankments within the right of way to protect the roadway itself. When the population of a city or town first exceeds twenty-two thousand five hundred according to the determination of population by the office of financial management, the city or town shall have three years from the date of the determination to plan for additional staffing, budgetary, and equipment requirements before being required to assume the responsibilities under this subsection. The state shall install, maintain, and operate all illuminating facilities on any limited access facility, together with its interchanges, located within the corporate limits of any city or town, and shall assume and pay the costs of all such installation, maintenance, and operation incurred after November 1, 1954;

(7) The department has the right to use all storm sewers on such highways without cost; and if new storm sewer facilities are necessary in construction of new streets by the department, the cost of the facilities shall be borne by the state and/or city as may be mutually agreed upon between the department and the governing body of the city or town;

(8) Cities and towns have exclusive right to grant franchises not in conflict with state laws, over, beneath, and upon such streets, but the department is authorized to enforce in an action brought in the name of the state any condition of any franchise which a city or town has granted on such street. No franchise for transportation of passengers in motor vehicles may be granted on such streets without the approval of the department, but the department shall not refuse to approve such franchise unless another street conveniently located and of strength of construction to sustain travel of such vehicles is accessible;

(9) Every franchise or permit granted any person by a city or town for use of any portion of such street by a public utility shall require the grantee or permittee to restore, repair, and replace to its original condition any portion of the street damaged or injured by it;

(10) The city or town has the right to issue overload or overwidth permits for vehicles to operate on such streets or roads subject to regulations printed and distributed to the cities and towns by the department;

(11) Cities and towns shall regulate and enforce all traffic and parking restrictions on such streets, but all regulations adopted by a city or town relating to speed, parking, and traffic control devices on such streets not identical to state law relating thereto are subject to the approval of the department before becoming effective. All regulations pertaining to speed, parking, and traffic control devices relating to such streets heretofore adopted by a city or town not identical with state laws shall become null and void unless approved by the department heretofore or within one year after March 21, 1963;

(12) The department shall erect, control, and maintain at state expense all route markers and directional signs, except street signs, on such streets;

(13) The department shall install, operate, maintain, and control at state expense all traffic control signals, signs, and traffic control devices for the purpose of regulating both pedestrian and motor vehicular traffic on, entering upon, or leaving state highways in cities and towns having a population of twenty-two thousand five hundred or less according to the latest determination of population by the office of financial management. Such cities and towns may submit to the department a plan for traffic control signals, signs, and traffic control devices desired by them, indicating the location, nature of installation, or type thereof, or a proposed amendment to such an existing plan or installation, and the department shall consult with the cities or towns concerning the plan before installing such signals, signs, or devices. Cities and towns having a population in excess of twenty-two thousand five hundred according to the latest determination of population by the office of financial management shall install, maintain, operate, and control such signals, signs, and devices at their own expense, subject to approval of the department for the installation and type only. When the population of a city or town first exceeds twenty-two thousand five hundred according to the determination of population by the office of financial management, the city or town shall have three years from the date of the determination to plan for additional staffing, budgetary, and equipment requirements before being required to assume the responsibilities under this subsection. For the purpose of this subsection, striping, lane marking, and channelization are considered traffic control devices;

(14) All revenue from parking meters placed on such streets belongs to the city or town;

(15) Rights of way for such streets shall be acquired by either the city or town or by the state as shall be mutually agreed upon. Costs of acquiring rights of way may be at the sole expense of the state or at the expense of the city or town or at the expense of the state and the city or town as may be mutually agreed upon. Title to all such rights of way so acquired shall vest in the city or town: PROVIDED, That no vacation, sale, rental, or any other nontransportation use of any unused portion of any such street may be made by the city or town without the prior written approval of the department; and all revenue derived from sale, vacation, rental, or any nontransportation use of such rights of way shall be shared by the city or town and the state in the same proportion as the purchase costs were shared;

(16) If any city or town fails to perform any of its obligations as set forth in this section or in any cooperative agreement entered into with the department for the maintenance of a city or town street forming part of the route of a state highway, the department may notify the mayor of the city or town to perform the necessary maintenance within thirty days. If the city or town within the thirty days fails to perform the maintenance or fails to authorize the department to perform the maintenance as provided by RCW 47.24.050, the department may perform the maintenance, the cost of which is to be deducted from any sums in the motor vehicle fund credited or to be credited to the city or town.

Sec. 80. RCW 47.26.060 and 1981 c 315 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Funds available for expenditure by the department of transportation pursuant to RCW 46.68.150 shall be apportioned to the five regions for expenditure upon state highways in urban areas in the following manner:

(1) One-third in the ratio which the population of the urban areas of each region bears to the total population of all of the urban areas of the state as last determined by the office of financial management;

(2) One-third in the ratio which the vehicle-miles (vehicle-kilometers) traveled on state highways (other than interstate highways) within the urban areas of each region bears to the total vehicle-miles (vehicle-kilometers) traveled on all state highways (other than interstate highways) within all urban areas of the state as last determined by the department of transportation; and

(3) One-third in the ratio which the state highway category A needs on state highways (other than interstate highways) within the urban areas of each region bears to the total category A needs on state highways (other than interstate highways) within all urban areas of the state as last revised by the department of transportation.

The department of transportation shall adjust the schedule for apportionment of such funds to the five regions in the manner provided herein prior to the commencement of each biennium.

Sec. 81. RCW 47.28.020 and 1984 c 7 s 164 are each amended to read as follows:

From and after April 1, 1937, the width of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) is the necessary and proper right of way width for state highways unless the department, for good cause, adopts and designates a different width. This section shall not be construed to require the department to acquire increased right of way for any state highway in existence on such date.

Sec. 82. RCW 47.32.140 and 1983 c 19 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

Each railroad company shall keep its right of way clear of all brush and timber in the vicinity of a railroad grade crossing with a state highway for a distance of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from the crossing in such manner as to permit a person upon the highway to obtain an unobstructed view in both directions of an approaching train. The department shall cause brush and timber to be cleared from the right of way of a state highway in the proximity of a railroad grade crossing for a distance of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from the crossing in such manner as to permit a person upon the highway to obtain an unobstructed view in both directions of an approaching train. It is unlawful to erect or maintain a sign, signboard, or billboard, except official highway signs and traffic devices and railroad warning or operating signs, outside the corporate limits of any city or town within a distance of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from the point of intersection of the highway and railroad grade crossing unless, after thirty days notice to the Washington utilities and transportation commission and the railroad operating the crossing, the department determines that it does not obscure the sight distance of a person operating a vehicle or train approaching the grade crossing.

When a person who has erected or who maintains such a sign, signboard, or billboard or when a railroad company permits such brush or timber in the vicinity of a railroad grade crossing with a state highway or permits the surface of a grade crossing to become inconvenient or dangerous for passage and who has the duty to maintain it, fails, neglects, or refuses to remove or cause to be removed such brush, timber, sign, signboard, or billboard, or maintain the surface of the crossing, the utilities and transportation commission upon complaint of the department or upon complaint of any party interested, or upon its own motion, shall enter upon a hearing in the manner now provided for hearings with respect to railroad-highway grade crossings, and make and enforce proper orders for the removal of the brush, timber, sign, signboard or billboard, or maintenance of the crossing. However, nothing in this section prevents the posting or maintaining of any legal notice or sign, signal, or traffic device required or permitted to be posted or maintained, or the placing and maintaining thereon of highway or road signs or traffic devices giving directions or distances for the information of the public when the signs are approved by the department. The department shall inspect highway grade crossings and make complaint of the violation of any provisions of this section.

Sec. 83. RCW 47.36.270 and 1987 c 469 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Regional shopping center directional signs shall be erected and maintained on state highway right of way if they meet each of the following criteria:

(1) There shall be at least five hundred thousand square feet (46 450 square meters) of retail floor space available for lease at the regional shopping center;

(2) The regional shopping center shall contain at least three major department stores that are owned by a national or regional retail chain organization;

(3) The shopping center shall be located within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the roadway;

(4) The center shall generate at least nine thousand daily one-way vehicle trips to the center;

(5) There is sufficient space available for installation of the directional sign as specified in the Manual On Uniform Traffic Control Devices;

(6) Supplemental follow-through directional signing is required at key decision points to direct motorists to the shopping center if it is not clearly visible from the point of exit from the main traveled way.

The department shall collect from the regional shopping center a reasonable fee based upon the cost of erection and maintenance of the directional sign.

Sec. 84. RCW 47.36.290 and 1985 c 376 s 7 are each amended to read as follows:

Directional signs for state parks within fifteen miles (24.1 kilometers) of an interstate highway shall be erected and maintained on the interstate highway by the department despite the existence of additional directional signs on primary or scenic system highways in closer proximity to such state parks.

Sec. 85. RCW 47.36.310 and 1987 c 469 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:

The department is authorized to erect and maintain specific information panels within the right of way of the interstate highway system to give the traveling public specific information as to gas, food, or lodging available on a crossroad at or near an interchange. Specific information panels shall include the words "GAS," "FOOD," or "LODGING" and directional information and may contain one or more individual business signs maintained on the panel. Specific information panels are authorized within the corporate limits of cities and towns and areas zoned for commercial or industrial uses at locations where there is adequate distance between interchanges to ensure compliance with the provisions of Title 23 C.F.R. sec. 655.307(a). The erection and maintenance of specific information panels shall conform to the national standards promulgated by the United States secretary of transportation pursuant to sections 131 and 315 of Title 23, United States Code and rules adopted by the state department of transportation. A motorist service business located within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of a state highway shall not be permitted to display its name, brand, or trademark on a specific information panel unless its owner has first entered into an agreement with the department limiting the height of its on-premise signs at the site of its service installation to not more than fifteen feet (4.6 meters) higher than the roof of its main building. The department shall charge reasonable fees for the display of individual business signs to defray the costs of their installation and maintenance. The restriction for on-premise signs shall not apply if the sign is not visible from the highway. The department may, on a case-by-case basis, waive the height restriction when an on-premise sign is visible from the rural interstate system.

Sec. 86. RCW 47.36.320 and 1986 c 114 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

The department is authorized to erect and maintain specific information panels within the right of way of both the primary system and the scenic system to give the traveling public specific information as to gas, food, recreation, or lodging available off the primary or scenic highway accessible by way of highways intersecting the primary or scenic highway. Such specific information panels and tourist-oriented directional signs shall be permitted only at locations within the corporate limits of cities and towns and areas zoned for commercial or industrial uses where there is adequate distance between interchanges to ensure compliance with the provisions of Title 23 C.F.R. secs. 655.308(a) and 655.309(a). Specific information panels shall include the words "GAS," "FOOD," "RECREATION," or "LODGING" and directional information and may contain one or more individual business signs maintained on the panel. The erection and maintenance of specific information panels along primary or scenic highways shall conform to the national standards promulgated by the United States secretary of transportation pursuant to sections 131 and 315 of Title 23 United States Code and rules adopted by the state department of transportation including the manual on uniform traffic control devices for streets and highways. A motorist service business located within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of a state highway shall not be permitted to display its name, brand, or trademark on a specific information panel unless its owner has first entered into an agreement with the department limiting the height of its on-premise signs at the site of its service installation to not more than fifteen feet (4.6 meters) higher than the roof of its main building.

The department shall adopt rules for the erection and maintenance of tourist-oriented directional signs with the following restrictions:

(1) Where installed, they shall be placed in advance of the "GAS," "FOOD," "RECREATION," or "LODGING" specific information panels previously described in this section;

(2) Signs shall not be placed to direct a motorist to an activity visible from the main traveled roadway;

(3) Premises on which the qualified tourist-oriented business is located must be within fifteen miles (24.1 kilometers) of the state highway, and necessary supplemental signing on local roads must be provided before the installation of the signs on the state highway.

The department shall charge reasonable fees for the display of individual business signs to defray the costs of their installation and maintenance.

Sec. 87. RCW 47.36.330 and 1985 c 142 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Not more than six business signs may be permitted on specific information panels authorized by RCW 47.36.310 and 47.36.320.

(2) The maximum distance that eligible service facilities may be located on either side of an interchange or intersection to qualify for a business sign are as follows:

(a) On fully-controlled, limited access highways, gas, food, or lodging activities shall be located within three miles (4.8 kilometers). Camping activities shall be within five miles (8.0 kilometers).

(b) On highways with partial access control or no access control, gas, food, lodging, or camping activities shall be located within five miles (8.0 kilometers).

(3) If no eligible services are located within the distance limits prescribed in subsection (2) of this section, the distance limits shall be increased until an eligible service of a type being considered is reached, up to a maximum of fifteen miles (24.1 kilometers).

Sec. 88. RCW 47.40.080 and 1961 c 13 s 47.40.080 are each amended to read as follows:

Any person who shall break or cut from any lands owned by the state of Washington or shall cut down, remove, destroy or uproot any rhododendron, evergreen, huckleberry, native dogwood or any other native tree, shrub, fern, herb, bulb or wild plants, or any part thereof, within three hundred feet (91.4 meters) of the center line of any state or county road, or who shall cut down, remove or destroy any flowering or ornamental tree or shrub, or any native flowering plant, fern, herb or bulb, either perennial or annual, situate, growing or being on any public street or highway, state or city park, in the state of Washington, unless such person be engaged in the work of constructing or repairing such highway or street under authority and direction of the legally constituted public officials being charged by law with the duty of constructing or repairing such highways or streets, state or city parks, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 89. RCW 47.41.030 and 1984 c 7 s 217 are each amended to read as follows:

No person may establish, operate, or maintain a junkyard any portion of which is within one thousand feet (304.8 meters) of the nearest edge of the right of way of any interstate or federal-aid primary highway, except the following:

(1) Those which are screened by natural objects, plantings, fences, or other appropriate means so as not to be visible from the main-traveled way of the system or otherwise removed from sight;

(2) Those located within areas which are zoned for industrial use under authority of law;

(3) Those located within unzoned industrial areas, which areas shall be determined from actual land uses and defined by rules adopted by the department and approved by the United States secretary of transportation; and

(4) Those which are not visible from the main-traveled way of the system.

Sec. 90. RCW 47.41.040 and 1984 c 7 s 218 are each amended to read as follows:

Before July 1, 1971, the department shall determine whether or not the topography of the land adjoining the highway will permit adequate screening of any junkyard lawfully in existence located outside of a zoned industrial area or an unzoned industrial area as defined under RCW 47.41.030 on August 9, 1971, that is within one thousand feet (304.8 meters) of the nearest edge of the right of way and visible from the main traveled way of any highway on the interstate and primary system and whether screening of the junkyard would be economically feasible. Within thirty days thereafter the department shall notify by certified mail the record owner of the land upon which the junkyard is located, or the operator thereof, of its determination.

If it is economically feasible to screen the junkyard, the department shall screen the junkyard so that it will not be visible from the main-traveled way of the highway. The department is authorized to acquire by gift, purchase, exchange, or condemnation such lands or interest in lands as may be required for these purposes.

If it is not economically feasible to screen the junkyard, the department shall acquire by purchase, gift, or condemnation an interest in the real property used for junkyard purposes that is visible from the main traveled way of the highway, restricting any owner of the remaining interest to use of the real estate for purposes other than a junkyard. In addition to compensation for the real property interest, the operator of a junkyard shall receive the actual reasonable expenses in moving his business personal property to a location within the same general area where a junkyard may be lawfully established, operated, and maintained. This section shall be interpreted as being in addition to all other rights and remedies of a junkyard owner or operator and shall not be interpreted as a limitation on or alteration of the law of compensation in eminent domain.

Sec. 91. RCW 47.42.020 and 1993 c 430 s 10 are each amended to read as follows:

The definitions set forth in this section apply throughout this chapter.

(1) "Department" means the Washington state department of transportation.

(2) "Erect" means to construct, build, raise, assemble, place, affix, attach, create, paint, draw, or in any other way bring into being or establish.

(3) "Interstate system" means any state highway which is or does become part of the national system of interstate and defense highways as described in section 103(d) of title 23, United States Code.

(4) "Maintain" means to allow to exist.

(5) "Person" means this state or any public or private corporation, firm, partnership, association, as well as any individual or individuals.

(6) "Primary system" means any state highway which is or does become part of the federal-aid primary system as described in section 103(b) of title 23, United States Code.

(7) "Scenic system" means (a) any state highway within any public park, federal forest area, public beach, public recreation area, or national monument, (b) any state highway or portion thereof outside the boundaries of any incorporated city or town designated by the legislature as a part of the scenic system, or (c) any state highway or portion thereof outside the boundaries of any incorporated city or town designated by the legislature as a part of the scenic and recreational highway system except for the sections of highways specifically excluded in RCW 47.42.025 or located within areas zoned by the governing county for predominantly commercial and industrial uses, and having development visible to the highway, as determined by the department.

(8) "Sign" means any outdoor sign, display, device, figure, painting, drawing, message, placard, poster, billboard, or other thing that is designed, intended, or used to advertise or inform, any part of the advertising or informative contents of which is visible from any place on the main-traveled way of the interstate system or other state highway.

(9) "Commercial and industrial areas" means any area zoned commercial or industrial by a county or municipal code, or if unzoned or zoned for general uses by a county or municipal code, that area occupied by three or more separate and distinct commercial or industrial activities, or any combination thereof, within a space of five hundred feet (152.4 meters) and the area within five hundred feet (152.4 meters) of such activities on both sides of the highway. The area shall be measured from the outer edges of the regularly used buildings, parking lots, or storage or processing areas of the commercial or industrial activity and not from the property lines of the parcels upon which the activities are located. Measurements shall be along or parallel to the edge of the main traveled way of the highway. The following shall not be considered commercial or industrial activities:

(a) Agricultural, forestry, grazing, farming, and related activities, including, but not limited to, wayside fresh produce stands;

(b) Transient or temporary activities;

(d) Signs;

(e) Activities more than six hundred and sixty feet (201.2 meters) from the nearest edge of the right of way;

(f) Activities conducted in a building principally used as a residence.

If any commercial or industrial activity that has been used in defining or delineating an unzoned area ceases to operate for a period of six continuous months, any signs located within the former unzoned area become nonconforming and shall not be maintained by any person.

(10) "Roadside area information panel or display" means a panel or display located so as not to be readable from the main traveled way, erected in a safety rest area, scenic overlook, or similar roadside area, for providing motorists with information in the specific interest of the traveling public.

(11) "Temporary agricultural directional sign" means a sign on private property adjacent to state highway right of way to provide directional information to places of business offering for sale seasonal agricultural products on the property where the sale is taking place.

Sec. 92. RCW 47.42.040 and 1991 c 94 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

It is declared to be the policy of the state that no signs which are visible from the main traveled way of the interstate system, primary system, or scenic system shall be erected or maintained except the following types:

(1) Directional or other official signs or notices that are required or authorized by law;

(2) Signs advertising the sale or lease of the property upon which they are located;

(3) Signs advertising activities conducted on the property on which they are located;

(4) Signs, not inconsistent with the policy of this chapter and the national policy set forth in section 131 of title 23, United States Code as codified and enacted by Public Law 85‑767 and amended only by section 106, Public Law 86‑342, and the national standards promulgated thereunder by the secretary of commerce or the secretary of transportation, advertising activities being conducted at a location within twelve miles (19.3 kilometers) of the point at which such signs are located: PROVIDED, That no sign lawfully erected pursuant to this subsection adjacent to the interstate system and outside commercial and industrial areas shall be maintained by any person after three years from May 10, 1971;

(5) Signs, not inconsistent with the policy of this chapter and the national policy set forth in section 131 of title 23, United States Code as codified and enacted by Public Law 85‑767 and amended only by section 106, Public Law 86‑342, and the regulations promulgated thereunder by the secretary of commerce or the secretary of transportation, designed to give information in the specific interest of the traveling public: PROVIDED, That no sign lawfully erected pursuant to this subsection adjacent to the interstate system and outside commercial and industrial areas shall be maintained by any person after three years from May 10, 1971;

(6) Signs lawfully in existence on October 22, 1965, determined by the commission, subject to the approval of the United States secretary of transportation, to be landmark signs, including signs on farm structures or natural surfaces, of historic or artistic significance the preservation of which would be consistent with the purposes of chapter 47.42 RCW;

(7) Public service signs, located on school bus stop shelters, which:

(a) Identify the donor, sponsor, or contributor of said shelters;

(b) Contain safety slogans or messages which occupy not less than sixty percent of the area of the sign;

(d) Are located on school bus shelters which are authorized or approved by city, county, or state law, regulation, or ordinance, and at places approved by the city, county, or state agency controlling the highway involved; and

(e) Do not exceed thirty-two square feet (3 square meters) in area. Not more than one sign on each shelter may face in any one direction.

Subsection (7) of this section notwithstanding, the department of transportation shall adopt regulations relating to the appearance of school bus shelters, the placement, size, and public service content of public service signs located thereon, and the prominence of the identification of the donors, sponsors, or contributors of the shelters.

(8) Temporary agricultural directional signs, with the following restrictions:

(a) Signs shall be posted only during the period of time the seasonal agricultural product is being sold;

(b) Signs shall not be placed adjacent to the interstate highway system unless the sign qualifies as an on-premise sign;

(d) Premises on which the seasonal agricultural products are sold must be within fifteen miles (24.1 kilometers) of the state highway, and necessary supplemental signing on local roads must be provided before the installation of the signs on the state highway;

(e) Signs must be located so as not to restrict sight distances on approaches to intersections;

(f) The department shall establish a permit system and fee schedule and rules for the manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of these signs in accordance with the policy of this chapter;

(g) Signs in violation of these provisions shall be removed in accordance with the procedures in RCW 47.42.080;

Only signs of types 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 may be erected or maintained within view of the scenic system. Signs of types 7 and 8 may also be erected or maintained within view of the federal aid primary system.

Sec. 93. RCW 47.42.045 and 1975-'76 2nd ex.s. c 55 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Not more than one type 3 sign visible to traffic proceeding in any one direction on an interstate system, primary system outside an incorporated city or town or commercial or industrial area, or scenic system highway may be permitted more than fifty feet (15.2 meters) from the advertised activity;

(2) A type 3 sign, other than one along any portion of the primary system within an incorporated city or town or within any commercial or industrial area, permitted more than fifty feet (15.2 meters) from the advertised activity pursuant to subsection (1) of this section shall not be erected or maintained a greater distance from the advertised activity than one of the following options selected by the owner of the business being advertised:

(a) One hundred fifty feet (45.7 meters) measured along the edge of the protected highway from the main entrance to the activity advertised (when applicable);

(b) One hundred fifty feet (45.7 meters) from the main building of the advertised activity; or

(3) In addition to signs permitted by subsections (1) and (2) of this section, the commission may adopt regulations permitting one type 3 sign visible to traffic proceeding in any one direction on an interstate, primary or scenic system highway on premises which, on June 25, 1976, are used wholly or in part as an operating business, farm, ranch or orchard which sign bears only the name of the business, farm, ranch or orchard and a directional arrow or short directional message. Regulations adopted under this subsection shall prohibit the erection or maintenance of such type 3 signs on narrow strips of land a substantial distance from but connected with a business, farm, ranch or orchard. Signs permitted under this subsection shall not exceed fifty square feet (4.6 square meters) in area.

(4) The commission with advice from the parks and recreation commission shall adopt specifications for a uniform system of official tourist facility directional signs to be used on the scenic system highways. Official directional signs shall be posted by the commission to inform motorists of types of tourist and recreational facilities available off the scenic system which are accessible by way of public or private roads intersecting scenic system highways.

Sec. 94. RCW 47.42.062 and 1975 1st ex.s. c 271 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:

Signs within six hundred and sixty feet (201.2 meters) of the nearest edge of the right of way which are visible from the main traveled way of the primary system within commercial and industrial areas and whose size, lighting, and spacing are consistent with the customary use of property for the effective display of outdoor advertising as set forth in this section may be erected and maintained: PROVIDED, That this section shall not serve to restrict type 3 signs located along any portion of the primary system within an incorporated city or town or within any commercial or industrial area.

(1) General: Signs shall not be erected or maintained which (a) imitate or resemble any official traffic sign, signal, or device; (b) are erected or maintained upon trees or painted or drawn upon rocks or other natural features and which are structurally unsafe or in disrepair; or (c) have any visible moving parts.

(2) Size of signs:

(a) The maximum area for any one sign shall be six hundred seventy-two square feet (62.4 square meters) with a maximum height of twenty-five feet (7.6 meters) and maximum length of fifty feet (15.2 meters) inclusive of any border and trim but excluding the base or apron, supports and other structural members: PROVIDED, That cut-outs and extensions may add up to twenty percent of additional sign area.

(b) For the purposes of this subsection, double-faced, back-to-back, or V-type signs shall be considered as two signs.

(c) Signs which exceed three hundred twenty-five square feet (30.2 square meters) in area may not be double-faced (abutting and facing the same direction).

(3) Spacing of signs:

(a) Signs may not be located in such a manner as to obscure, or otherwise physically interfere with the effectiveness of an official traffic sign, signal, or device, obstruct or physically interfere with the driver's view of approaching, merging, or intersecting traffic.

(b) On limited access highways established pursuant to chapter 47.52 RCW no two signs shall be spaced less than one thousand feet (304.8 meters) apart, and no sign may be located within three thousand feet (914 meters) of the center of an interchange, a safety rest area, or information center, or within one thousand feet (304.8 meters) of an intersection at grade. Double-faced signs shall be prohibited. Not more than a total of five sign structures shall be permitted on both sides of the highway per mile (1.6 kilometers).

(c) On noncontrolled access highways inside the boundaries of incorporated cities and towns not more than a total of four sign structures on both sides of the highway within a space of six hundred sixty feet (201.2 meters) shall be permitted with a minimum of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) between sign structures. In no event, however, shall more than four sign structures be permitted between platted intersecting streets or highways. On noncontrolled access highways outside the boundaries of incorporated cities and towns minimum spacing between sign structures on each side of the highway shall be five hundred feet (152.4 meters).

(d) For the purposes of this subsection, a back-to-back sign and a V-type sign shall be considered one sign structure.

(e) Official signs, and signs advertising activities conducted on the property on which they are located shall not be considered in determining compliance with the above spacing requirements. The minimum space between structures shall be measured along the nearest edge of the pavement between points directly opposite the signs along each side of the highway and shall apply to signs located on the same side of the highway.

(4) Lighting: Signs may be illuminated, subject to the following restrictions:

(a) Signs which contain, include, or are illuminated by any flashing, intermittent, or moving light or lights are prohibited, except those giving public service information such as time, date, temperature, weather, or similar information.

(b) Signs which are not effectively shielded as to prevent beams or rays of light from being directed at any portion of the traveled ways of the highway and which are of such intensity or brilliance as to cause glare or to impair the vision of the driver of any motor vehicle, or which otherwise interfere with any driver's operation of a motor vehicle are prohibited.

(c) No sign shall be so illuminated that it interferes with the effectiveness of, or obscures an official traffic sign, device, or signal.

(d) All such lighting shall be subject to any other provisions relating to lighting of signs presently applicable to all highways under the jurisdiction of the state.

Sec. 95. RCW 47.42.063 and 1975 1st ex.s. c 271 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Signs within six hundred and sixty feet (201.2 meters) of the nearest edge of the right of way lawfully erected and maintained which are visible from the main traveled way of the primary system within commercial and industrial areas on June 1, 1971 shall be permitted to remain and be maintained.

(2) Signs within six hundred and sixty feet (201.2 meters) of the nearest edge of the right of way which are visible from the main traveled way of the primary system within commercial and industrial areas whose size, lighting, and spacing are consistent with customary use as set forth in RCW 47.42.062 may be erected and maintained. Signs lawfully erected and maintained on June 1, 1971, shall be included in the determination of spacing requirements for additional signs.

Sec. 96. RCW 47.42.065 and 1975 1st ex.s. c 271 s 5 are each amended to read as follows:

Notwithstanding any other provision of chapter 47.42 RCW, signs may be erected and maintained more than six hundred and sixty feet (201.2 meters) from the nearest edge of the right of way which are visible from the main traveled way of the interstate system, primary system, or scenic system when designed and oriented to be viewed from highways or streets other than the interstate system, primary system, or the scenic system and the advertising or informative contents of which may not be clearly comprehended by motorists using the main traveled way of the interstate system, primary system or scenic system.

Sec. 97. RCW 47.42.130 and 1984 c 7 s 233 are each amended to read as follows:

Every permit issued by the department shall be assigned a separate identification number, and each permittee shall fasten to each sign a weatherproof label, not larger than six square inches (3871 square millimeters), that shall be furnished by the department and on which shall be plainly visible the permit number. The permittee shall also place his or her name in a conspicuous position on the front or back of each sign. The failure of a sign to have such a label affixed to it is prima facie evidence that it is not in compliance with the provisions of this chapter.

Sec. 98. RCW 47.44.050 and 1984 c 7 s 237 are each amended to read as follows:

The department is empowered to grant a permit to construct or maintain on, over, across, or along any state highway any water, gas, telephone, telegraph, light, power, or other such facilities when they do not extend along the state highway for a distance greater than three hundred feet (91.4 meters). The department may require such information as it deems necessary in the application for any such permit, and may grant or withhold the permit within its discretion. Any permit granted may be canceled at any time, and any facilities remaining upon the right of way of the state highway after thirty days written notice of the cancellation ((~~is [are]~~)) are an unlawful obstruction and may be removed in the manner provided by law.

Sec. 99. RCW 47.52.090 and 1984 c 7 s 241 are each amended to read as follows:

The highway authorities of the state, counties, incorporated cities and towns, and municipal corporations owning or operating an urban public transportation system are authorized to enter into agreements with each other, or with the federal government, respecting the financing, planning, establishment, improvement, construction, maintenance, use, regulation, or vacation of limited access facilities in their respective jurisdictions to facilitate the purposes of this chapter. Any such agreement may provide for the exclusive or nonexclusive use of a portion of the facility by street cars, trains, or other vehicles forming a part of an urban public transportation system and for the erection, construction, and maintenance of structures and facilities of such a system including facilities for the receipt and discharge of passengers. Within incorporated cities and towns the title to every state limited access highway vests in the state, and, notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the department shall exercise full jurisdiction, responsibility, and control to and over the highway from the time it is declared to be operational as a limited access facility by the department, subject to the following provisions:

(1) Cities and towns shall regulate all traffic restrictions on such facilities except as provided in RCW 46.61.430, and all regulations adopted are subject to approval of the department before becoming effective. Nothing herein precludes the state patrol or any county, city, or town from enforcing any traffic regulations and restrictions prescribed by state law, county resolution, or municipal ordinance.

(2) The city, town, or franchise holder shall at its own expense maintain its underground facilities beneath the surface across the highway and has the right to construct additional facilities underground or beneath the surface of the facility or necessary overcrossings of power lines and other utilities as may be necessary insofar as the facilities do not interfere with the use of the right of way for limited access highway purposes. The city or town has the right to maintain any municipal utility and the right to open the surface of the highway. The construction, maintenance until permanent repair is made, and permanent repair of these facilities shall be done in a time and manner authorized by permit to be issued by the department or its authorized representative, except to meet emergency conditions for which no permit will be required, but any damage occasioned thereby shall promptly be repaired by the city or town itself, or at its direction. Where a city or town is required to relocate overhead facilities within the corporate limits of a city or town as a result of the construction of a limited access facility, the cost of the relocation shall be paid by the state.

(3) Cities and towns have the right to grant utility franchises crossing the facility underground and beneath its surface insofar as the franchises are not inconsistent with the use of the right of way for limited access facility purposes and the franchises are not in conflict with state laws. The department is authorized to enforce, in an action brought in the name of the state, any condition of any franchise that a city or town has granted. No franchise for transportation of passengers in motor vehicles may be granted on such highways without the approval of the department, except cities and towns are not required to obtain a franchise for the operation of municipal vehicles or vehicles operating under franchises from the city or town operating within the corporate limits of a city or town and within a radius not exceeding eight miles (12.9 kilometers) outside the corporate limits for public transportation on such facilities, but these vehicles may not stop on the limited access portion of the facility to receive or to discharge passengers unless appropriate special lanes or deceleration, stopping, and acceleration space is provided for the vehicles.

Every franchise or permit granted any person by a city or town for use of any portion of a limited access facility shall require the grantee or permittee to restore, permanently repair, and replace to its original condition any portion of the highway damaged or injured by it. Except to meet emergency conditions, the construction and permanent repair of any limited access facility by the grantee of a franchise shall be in a time and manner authorized by a permit to be issued by the department or its authorized representative.

(4) The department has the right to use all storm sewers that are adequate and available for the additional quantity of run-off proposed to be passed through such storm sewers.

(5) The construction and maintenance of city streets over and under crossings and surface intersections of the limited access facility shall be in accordance with the governing policy entered into between the department and the association of Washington cities on June 21, 1956, or as such policy may be amended by agreement between the department and the association of Washington cities.

Sec. 100. RCW 47.56.220 and 1983 c 3 s 128 are each amended to read as follows:

Except as otherwise provided in RCW 47.56.291, 47.56.714, and 47.56.756, as long as any of the bonds issued hereunder for the construction of any toll bridge are outstanding and unpaid, there shall not be erected, constructed, or maintained any other bridge or other crossing over, under, through, or across the waters over which such toll bridge is located or constructed, connecting or joining directly or indirectly the lands or extensions thereof or abutments thereon on both sides of the waters spanned or crossed by such toll bridge within a distance of ten miles (16.1 kilometers) from either side of such toll bridge excepting bridges or other highway crossings actually in existence and being maintained, or for which there was outstanding an existing and lawfully issued franchise, at the time of the location of such toll bridge and prior to the time of the authorization of such bonds, and no ferry or other similar means of crossing the said waters within the said distance and connecting or plying directly or indirectly between the lands or extensions thereof or abutments thereon on both sides of the waters spanned or crossed by such bridge shall be maintained or operated or permitted or allowed: PROVIDED, That ferries and other similar means of crossing actually in existence and being maintained and operated, or for which there was outstanding an existing and lawfully issued franchise, at the time of the location of such bridge and prior to the time of the authorization of such bonds, may continue and be permitted to be operated and maintained under such existing rights and franchises, or any lawful renewal or extension thereof. The provisions of this section shall be binding upon the state department of transportation, the state of Washington, and all of its departments, agencies, or instrumentalities as well as any and all private, political, municipal, and public corporations and subdivisions, including cities, counties, and other political subdivisions, and the prohibitions of this section shall restrict and limit the powers of the legislature of the state of Washington in respect to the matters herein mentioned as long as any of such bonds are outstanding and unpaid and shall be deemed to constitute a contract to that effect for the benefit of the holders of all such bonds.

Sec. 101. RCW 47.58.010 and 1984 c 7 s 288 are each amended to read as follows:

Whenever the legislature specifically authorizes, as a single project, the construction of an additional toll bridge, including approaches, and the reconstruction of an existing adjacent bridge, including approaches, and the imposition of tolls on both bridges, the department is authorized to enter into appropriate agreements whereunder the existing bridge or its approaches will be reconstructed and improved and an additional bridge, including approaches and connecting highways will be constructed as a part of the same project to be located adjacent to or within two miles (3.2 kilometers) of the existing bridge and will be financed through the issuance of revenue bonds of the same series. The department has the right to impose tolls for traffic over the existing bridge as well as the additional bridge for the purpose of paying the cost of operation and maintenance of the bridge or bridges and the interest on and creating a sinking fund for retirement of revenue bonds issued for account of such project, all in the manner permitted and provided by this chapter.

Sec. 102. RCW 47.68.350 and 1984 c 7 s 362 are each amended to read as follows:

The secretary may require owners, operators, lessees, or others having the control or management of structures or obstacles over one hundred fifty feet (45.7 meters) above ground or water level and that are or may become a hazard to air flight to report the location of the existing or proposed structures or obstacles to the department. For that purpose the secretary may issue subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum returnable within twenty days to the department. If a person refuses to obey the secretary's subpoena, the department may certify to the superior court all facts of the refusal. The court shall summarily hear evidence on the refusal, and, if the evidence warrants, punish the person refusing in the same manner and to the same extent as a contempt committed before the court.

Sec. 103. RCW 48.18.297 and 1969 ex.s. c 241 s 24 are each amended to read as follows:

A private passenger automobile as used in RCW 48.18.291 through 48.18.297 shall mean:

(1) An individually owned motor vehicle of the private passenger or station wagon type that is not used as a public or livery conveyance for passengers, nor rented to others.

(2) Any other individually owned four-wheel motor vehicle with a load capacity of fifteen hundred pounds (680 kilograms) or less which is not used in the occupation, profession, or business of the insured.

Sec. 104. RCW 49.24.010 and 1937 c 131 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

The term "pressure" means gauge air pressure in pounds per square inch (kilopascals).

Sec. 105. RCW 49.24.020 and 1937 c 131 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

Every employer of persons for work in compressed air shall:

(1) Connect at least two air pipes with the working chamber and keep such pipes in perfect working condition;

(2) Attach to the working chamber in accessible positions all instruments necessary to show its pressure and keep such instruments in charge of competent persons, with a period of duty for each such person not exceeding six hours in any twenty-four;

(3) Place in each shaft a safe ladder extending its entire length;

(4) Light properly and keep clear such passageway;

(5) Provide independent lighting systems for the working chamber and shaft leading to it, when electricity is used for lighting;

(6) Guard lights other than electric lights;

(7) Protect workmen by a shield erected in the working chamber when such chamber is less than ten feet (3 meters) long and is suspended with more than nine feet (2.7 meters) of space between its deck and the bottom of the excavation;

(8) Provide for and keep accessible to employees working in compressed air a dressing room heated, lighted and ventilated properly and supplied with benches, lockers, sanitary waterclosets, bathing facilities and hot and cold water;

(9) Establish and maintain a medical lock properly heated, lighted, ventilated and supplied with medicines and surgical implements, when the maximum air pressure exceeds seventeen pounds per square inch (117 kilopascals).

Sec. 106. RCW 49.24.080 and 1973 1st ex.s. c 154 s 89 are each amended to read as follows:

Every person, firm or corporation constructing, building or operating a tunnel, quarry, caisson or subway, excepting in connection with mines, with or without compressed air, shall in the employment of any labor comply with the following safety provisions:

(1) A safety miner shall be selected by the crew on each shift who shall check the conditions necessary to make the working place safe; such as loose rock, faulty timbers, poor rails, lights, ladders, scaffolds, fan pipes and firing lines.

(2) Ventilating fans shall be installed from twenty-five to one hundred feet (7.6 to 30.5 meters) outside the portal.

(3) No employee shall be allowed to "bar down" without the assistance of another employee.

(4) No employee shall be permitted to return to the heading until at least thirty minutes after blasting.

(5) Whenever persons are employed in wet places, the employer shall furnish such persons with rubbers, boots, coats and hats. All boots if worn previously by an employee shall be sterilized before being furnished to another: PROVIDED, That RCW 49.24.080 through 49.24.380 shall not apply to the operation of a railroad except that new construction of tunnels, caissons or subways in connection therewith shall be subject to the provisions of RCW 49.24.080 through 49.24.380: PROVIDED, FURTHER, That in the event of repair work being done in a railroad tunnel, no person shall be compelled to perform labor until the air has been cleared of smoke, gas and fumes.

Sec. 107. RCW 49.24.120 and 1941 c 194 s 5 are each amended to read as follows:

All reasonable precaution shall be taken against fire, and provisions shall be made so that water lines shall be available for use at all times. Fire hose connections with hose connected shall be installed in all power plants and work houses. There shall be fire hose connections within reasonable distance of all caissons. Fire hose shall be connected at either side of a tunnel bulkhead, with at least fifty feet (15.2 meters) of hose with nozzle connection. Water lines shall extend into each tunnel with hose connections every two hundred feet (61 meters) and shall be kept ready for use at all times.

Sec. 108. RCW 49.24.130 and 1941 c 194 s 6 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Whenever the air pressure in a tunnel heading exceeds twenty-one pounds per square inch (144 kilopascals) above atmospheric pressure, two air chambers shall always be in use, except for such time as may be necessary when headings are being started from shafts; and whenever practicable the pressure in the outer chamber shall not exceed one-half the pressure in the heading;

(2) In all tunnels sixteen feet (4.88 meters) in diameter or over, hanging walks shall be provided from working face to nearest lock. An overhead clearance of six feet (1.8 meters) shall be maintained and suitable ramps provided under all safety screens.

Sec. 109. RCW 49.24.140 and 1941 c 194 s 7 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Each bulkhead in tunnels of twelve feet (3.6 meters) or more in diameter or equivalent area, shall have at least two locks in perfect working condition, one of which shall be used as a man lock. An additional lock for use in case of emergency shall be held in reserve.

(2) The man lock shall be large enough so that those using it are not compelled to be in a cramped position, and shall not be less than five feet (1.52 meters) in height. Emergency locks shall be large enough to hold an entire heading shift.

(3) All locks used for decompression shall be lighted by electricity and shall contain a pressure gauge, a time piece, a glass "bull's eye" in each door or in each end, and shall also have facilities for heating.

(4) Valves shall be so arranged that the locks can be operated both from within and from without.

Sec. 110. RCW 49.24.230 and 1941 c 194 s 16 are each amended to read as follows:

When firing by electricity from power or lighting wires, a proper switch shall be furnished with lever down when "off".

The switch shall be fixed in a locked box to which no person shall have access except the blaster. There shall be provided flexible leads or connecting wires not less than five feet (1.52 meters) in length with one end attached to the incoming lines and the other end provided with plugs that can be connected to an effective ground. After blasting, the switch lever shall be pulled out, the wires disconnected and the box locked before any person shall be allowed to return, and shall remain so locked until again ready to blast.

In the working chamber all electric light wires shall be provided with a disconnecting switch, which must be thrown to disconnect all current from the wires in the working chamber before electric light wires are removed or the charge exploded.

Before blasting the blaster shall cause a sufficient warning to be sounded and shall compel all persons to retreat to a safe shelter, before he sets off the blast, and shall permit no one to return until conditions are safe.

Sec. 111. RCW 49.24.260 and 1941 c 194 s 19 are each amended to read as follows:

All shafting used in pneumatic caissons shall be provided with ladders, which are to be kept clear and in good condition at all times. The distance between the centers of the rungs of a ladder shall not exceed fourteen inches (356 millimeters) and shall not vary more than one inch (25.4 millimeters) in any one piece of shafting. The length of the ladder rungs shall not be less than nine inches (228 millimeters). The rungs of the ladder shall in no case be less than three inches (77 millimeters) from the wall or other obstruction in the shafting or opening in which the ladder shall be used. Under no circumstances shall a ladder inclining backward from the vertical be installed. A suitable ladder shall be provided from the top of all locks to the surface.

All man shafts shall be lighted at a distance of every ten feet (3 meters) with a guarded incandescent lamp.

All outside caisson air locks shall be provided with a platform not less than forty-two inches (1067 millimeters) wide, and provided with a guard rail forty-two inches (1067 millimeters) high.

All caissons in which fifteen or more men are employed shall have two locks, one of which shall be used as a man lock. Man locks and man shafts shall be in charge of a man whose duty it shall be to operate said lock and shaft. All caissons more than ten feet (3 meters) in diameter shall be provided with a separate man shaft, which shall be kept clear and in operating order at all times.

Locks shall be so located that the distance between the bottom door and water level shall be not less than three feet (0.92 meter).

Sec. 112. RCW 49.24.270 and 1989 c 12 s 15 are each amended to read as follows:

Wherever, in the prosecution of caisson work in which compressed air is employed, the working chamber is less than twelve feet (3.6 meters) in length, and when such caissons are at any time suspended or hung while work is in progress, so that the bottom of the excavation is more than nine feet (2.7 meters) below the deck of the working chamber, a shield shall be erected therein for the protection of the workers.

Sec. 113. RCW 49.24.290 and 1941 c 194 s 22 are each amended to read as follows:

In all shafts where men are hoisted or lowered, an iron-bonneted cage shall be used for the conveyance of men, but this provision shall not apply to shafts in the process of sinking or during the dismantling of the shaft after work in the tunnel is substantially completed.

Cages shall be provided with bonnets consisting of two steel plates not less than three-sixteenths of an inch (5 millimeters) in thickness, sloping toward each side and so arranged that they may be readily pushed upward to afford egress to persons therein, and such bonnet shall cover the top of the cage in such manner as to protect persons in the cage from falling objects.

Cages shall be entirely enclosed on two sides with solid partition or wire mesh not less than No. 8 U.S. Standard ((~~gauge~~)) gage (gage number 8), no opening in which shall exceed two inches (50 millimeters).

Cages shall be provided with hanging chains or other similar devices for hand holds.

Every cage shall be provided with an approved safety catch of sufficient strength to hold the cage with its maximum load at any point in the shaft.

All parts of the hoisting apparatus, cables, brakes, guides and fastenings shall be of the most substantial design and shall be arranged for convenient inspection. The efficiency of all safety devices shall be established by satisfactory tests before the cages are put into service and at least once every three months thereafter and a record thereof kept.

The test of the safety catch shall consist of releasing the cage suddenly in such manner that the safety catches shall have opportunity to grip the guides.

Sec. 114. RCW 49.24.300 and 1941 c 194 s 23 are each amended to read as follows:

In all vertical shafts in which hoisting is done by means of a bucket, suitable guides shall be provided when the depth exceeds ten times the diameter or width of the shaft, but in no case shall the maximum depth without guides exceed one hundred and fifty feet (45.7 meters). In connection with the bucket, there shall be a crosshead traveling between these guides. The height of the crosshead shall be at least two-thirds of its width, but the height in no case shall be less than thirty inches (762 millimeters).

Sec. 115. RCW 49.24.310 and 1941 c 194 s 24 are each amended to read as follows:

Where tunnels are driven from shafts more than two hundred and fifty feet (76.2 meters) deep, a telephone system shall be established and maintained, communicating with the surface at each such shaft, and with a station or stations readily and quickly accessible to the men at the working level.

Sec. 116. RCW 49.24.320 and 1941 c 194 s 25 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) While work is in progress, tunnels, stairways, ladderways and all places on the surface where work is being conducted, shall be properly lighted. In shafts more than one hundred feet (30.5 meters) deep, the shaft below that point shall be lighted.

(2) All places where hoisting, pumping or other machinery is erected and in the proximity of which persons are working or moving about, shall be so lighted when the machine is in operation that the moving parts of such machine can be clearly distinguished.

Sec. 117. RCW 49.70.117 and 1992 c 173 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) If a pesticide having a reentry interval of greater than twenty-four hours is applied to a labor-intensive agricultural crop, the pesticide-treated area shall be posted with warning signs in accordance with the requirements of this section.

(2) When pesticide warning signs are required under this section, the employer shall post signs visible from all usual points of entry to the pesticide-treated area. If there are no usual points of entry or the area is adjacent to an unfenced public right of way, signs shall be posted (a) at each corner of the pesticide-treated area, and (b) at intervals not exceeding six hundred feet (182.9 meters), or (c) at other locations approved by the department that provide maximum visibility.

(3) The signs shall be posted within twenty-four hours before the scheduled application of the pesticide, remain posted during application and throughout the applicable reentry interval, and be removed within two days after the expiration of the applicable reentry interval and before employee reentry is permitted. Employees working in an area scheduled for a pesticide application shall be informed of the application and shall vacate the area to be sprayed prior to application of the pesticide.

(4) Signs shall be legible for the duration of use. Signs shall contain a prominent symbol approved by the department of agriculture and the department of labor and industries by rule, and wording shall be in English and Spanish or other languages as required by the department. Signs shall meet the minimum specifications of rules adopted by the department, which rules shall include, at a minimum, size and lettering requirements.

Sec. 118. RCW 53.08.310 and 1986 c 260 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this section apply throughout this section and RCW 53.08.320.

(1) "Port charges" mean charges of a moorage facility operator for moorage and storage, and all other charges owing or to become owing under a contract between a vessel owner and the moorage facility operator, or under an officially adopted tariff including, but not limited to, costs of sale and related legal expenses.

(2) "Vessel" means every species of watercraft or other artificial contrivance capable of being used as a means of transportation on water and which does not exceed two hundred feet (61 meters) in length. "Vessel" includes any trailer used for the transportation of watercraft.

(3) "Moorage facility" means any properties or facilities owned or operated by a moorage facility operator which are capable of use for the moorage or storage of vessels.

(4) "Moorage facility operator" means any port district, city, town, metropolitan park district, or county which owns and/or operates a moorage facility.

(5) "Owner" means every natural person, firm, partnership, corporation, association, or organization, or agent thereof, with actual or apparent authority, who expressly or impliedly contracts for use of a moorage facility.

(6) "Transient vessel" means a vessel using a moorage facility and which belongs to an owner who does not have a moorage agreement with the moorage facility operator. Transient vessels include, but are not limited to: Vessels seeking a harbor of refuge, day use, or overnight use of a moorage facility on a space-as-available basis.

Sec. 119. RCW 53.08.350 and 1992 c 190 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

No city, county, or county-wide port district in a county in the western part of Washington state as divided by the summit of the Cascade mountain range, with a population of one hundred fifty thousand or more on January 1, 1992, and contiguous to a county with a population of four hundred thousand or more may construct a runway of one thousand feet (304.8 meters) or more, or cause a runway to be extended, or permit an air carrier to initiate new service at any airport not presently receiving commercial service that is affected by this section, before the air transportation commission has submitted its final report to the legislative transportation committee, which shall occur no later than December 1, 1994.

Sec. 120. RCW 53.54.020 and 1984 c 193 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Prior to initiating programs as authorized in this chapter, the port commission shall undertake the investigation and monitoring of aircraft noise impact to determine the nature and extent of the impact. The port commission shall adopt a program of noise impact abatement based upon the investigations and as amended periodically to conform to needs demonstrated by the monitoring programs: PROVIDED, That in no case may the port district undertake any of the programs of this chapter in an area which is more than six miles (9.7 kilometers) beyond the paved end of any runway or more than one mile (1.6 kilometers) from the centerline of any runway or from an imaginary runway centerline extending six (9.7 kilometers) miles from the paved end of such runway. Such areas as determined above, shall be known as "impacted areas".

Sec. 121. RCW 58.09.050 and 1973 c 50 s 5 are each amended to read as follows:

The records of survey to be filed under authority of this chapter shall be processed as follows:

(1) Surveys which qualify under RCW 58.09.040(1) shall be a map, legibly drawn, printed or reproduced by a process guaranteeing a permanent record in black on tracing cloth, or equivalent, eighteen by twenty-four inches (457 by 610 millimeters), or of a size as required by the county auditor. If ink is used on polyester base film, the ink shall be coated with a suitable substance to assure permanent legibility. A two inch (50 millimeters) margin shall be provided on the left edge and a one-half inch (13 millimeters) margin shall be provided at the other edges of the map.

(2) Information required by RCW 58.09.040(2) shall be recorded on a standard form eight and one-half inches (216 millimeters) by fourteen inches (356 millimeters) which shall be designed and prescribed by the bureau of surveys and maps.

(3) Two legible prints of each record of survey and records of monuments and accessories as required under the provisions of this chapter shall be furnished to the county auditor in the county in which the survey is to be recorded. The auditor shall keep one copy for his records and shall send the second to the bureau of surveys and maps at Olympia, Washington, with the auditor's record number thereon.

Sec. 122. RCW 58.09.090 and 1992 c 106 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) A record of survey is not required of any survey:

(a) When it has been made by a public officer in his official capacity and a reproducible copy thereof has been filed with the county engineer of the county in which the land is located. A map so filed shall be indexed and kept available for public inspection. A record of survey shall not be required of a survey made by the United States bureau of land management. A state agency conducting surveys to carry out the program of the agency shall not be required to use a land surveyor as defined by this chapter;

(b) When it is of a preliminary nature;

(c) When a map is in preparation for recording or shall have been recorded in the county under any local subdivision or platting law or ordinance;

(d) When it is a retracement or resurvey of boundaries of platted lots, tracts, or parcels shown on a filed or recorded and surveyed subdivision plat or filed or recorded and surveyed short subdivision plat in which monuments have been set to mark all corners of the block or street centerline intersections, provided that no discrepancy is found as compared to said recorded information or information revealed on other subsequent public survey map records, such as a record of survey or city or county engineer's map. If a discrepancy is found, that discrepancy must be clearly shown on the face of the required new record of survey. For purposes of this exemption, the term discrepancy shall include:

(i) A nonexisting or displaced original or replacement monument from which the parcel is defined and which nonexistence or displacement has not been previously revealed in the public record;

(ii) A departure from proportionate measure solutions which has not been revealed in the public record;

(iii) The presence of any physical evidence of encroachment or overlap by occupation or improvement; or

(iv) Differences in linear and/or angular measurement between all controlling monuments that would indicate differences in spatial relationship between said controlling monuments in excess of 0.50 feet (152 millimeters) when compared with all locations of public record: That is, if these measurements agree with any previously existing public record plat or map within the stated tolerance, a discrepancy will not be deemed to exist under this subsection.

(2) Surveys exempted by foregoing subsections of this section shall require filing of a record of corner information pursuant to RCW 58.09.040(2).

Sec. 123. RCW 58.17.080 and 1982 c 23 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Notice of the filing of a preliminary plat of a proposed subdivision adjacent to or within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the municipal boundaries of a city or town, or which contemplates the use of any city or town utilities shall be given to the appropriate city or town authorities. Any notice required by this chapter shall include the hour and location of the hearing and a description of the property to be platted. Notice of the filing of a preliminary plat of a proposed subdivision located in a city or town and adjoining the municipal boundaries thereof shall be given to appropriate county officials. Notice of the filing of a preliminary plat of a proposed subdivision located adjacent to the right-of-way of a state highway or within two miles (3.2 kilometers) of the boundary of a state or municipal airport shall be given to the secretary of transportation. In the case of notification to the secretary of transportation, the secretary shall respond to the notifying authority within fifteen days of such notice as to the effect that the proposed subdivision will have on the state highway or the state or municipal airport.

Sec. 124. RCW 58.17.090 and 1995 c 347 s 426 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) Upon receipt of an application for preliminary plat approval the administrative officer charged by ordinance with responsibility for administration of regulations pertaining to platting and subdivisions shall provide public notice and set a date for a public hearing. Except as provided in RCW 36.70B.110, at a minimum, notice of the hearing shall be given in the following manner:

(a) Notice shall be published not less than ten days prior to the hearing in a newspaper of general circulation within the county and a newspaper of general circulation in the area where the real property which is proposed to be subdivided is located; and

(b) Special notice of the hearing shall be given to adjacent landowners by any other reasonable method local authorities deem necessary. Adjacent landowners are the owners of real property, as shown by the records of the county assessor, located within three hundred feet (91.4 meters) of any portion of the boundary of the proposed subdivision. If the owner of the real property which is proposed to be subdivided owns another parcel or parcels of real property which lie adjacent to the real property proposed to be subdivided, notice under this subsection (1)(b) shall be given to owners of real property located within three hundred feet (91.4 meters) of any portion of the boundaries of such adjacently located parcels of real property owned by the owner of the real property proposed to be subdivided.

(2) All hearings shall be public. All hearing notices shall include a description of the location of the proposed subdivision. The description may be in the form of either a vicinity location sketch or a written description other than a legal description.

Sec. 125. RCW 58.17.095 and 1986 c 233 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

A county, city, or town may adopt an ordinance providing for the administrative review of a preliminary plat without a public hearing by adopting an ordinance providing for such administrative review. The ordinance may specify a threshold number of lots in a subdivision above which a public hearing must be held, and may specify other factors which necessitate the holding of a public hearing. The administrative review process shall include the following minimum conditions:

(1) The notice requirements of RCW 58.17.090 shall be followed, except that the publication shall be made within ten days of the filing of the application. Additionally, at least ten days after the filing of the application notice both shall be: (a) Posted on or around the land proposed to be subdivided in at least five conspicuous places designed to attract public awareness of the proposal; and (b) mailed to the owner of each lot or parcel of property located within at least three hundred feet (91.4 meters) of the site. The applicant shall provide the county, city, or town with a list of such property owners and their addresses. The notice shall include notification that no public hearing will be held on the application, except as provided by this section. The notice shall set out the procedures and time limitations for persons to require a public hearing and make comments.

(2) Any person shall have a period of twenty days from the date of the notice to comment upon the proposed preliminary plat. All comments received shall be provided to the applicant. The applicant has seven days from receipt of the comments to respond thereto.

(3) A public hearing on the proposed subdivision shall be held if any person files a request for a hearing with the county, city, or town within twenty-one days of the publishing of such notice. If such a hearing is requested, notice requirements for the public hearing shall be in conformance with RCW 58.17.090, and the ninety-day period for approval or disapproval of the proposed subdivision provided for in RCW 58.17.140 shall commence with the date of the filing of the request for a public hearing. Any hearing ordered under this subsection shall be conducted by the planning commission or hearings officer as required by county or city ordinance.

(4) On its own initiative within twenty-one days of the filing of the request for approval of the subdivision, the governing body, or a designated employee or official, of the county, city, or town, shall be authorized to cause a public hearing to be held on the proposed subdivision within ninety days of the filing of the request for the subdivision.

(5) If the public hearing is waived as provided in this section, the planning commission or planning agency shall complete the review of the proposed preliminary plat and transmit its recommendation to the legislative body as provided in RCW 58.17.100.

Sec. 126. RCW 70.74.040 and 1970 ex.s. c 72 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

No quantity in excess of three hundred thousand pounds (136 080 kilograms), or the equivalent in blasting caps shall be had, kept or stored in any factory building or magazine in this state.

Sec. 127. RCW 70.74.191 and 1993 c 293 s 5 are each amended to read as follows:

The laws contained in this chapter and the ensuing regulations prescribed by the department of labor and industries shall not apply to:

(1) Explosives or blasting agents in the course of transportation by way of railroad, water, highway or air under the jurisdiction of, and in conformity with, regulations adopted by the federal department of transportation, the Washington state utilities and transportation commission and the Washington state patrol;

(2) The laboratories of schools, colleges and similar institutions if confined to the purpose of instruction or research and if not exceeding the quantity of one pound (0.45 kilogram);

(3) Explosives in the forms prescribed by the official United States Pharmacopoeia;

(4) The transportation, storage and use of explosives or blasting agents in the normal and emergency operations of federal agencies and departments including the regular United States military departments on military reservations, or the duly authorized militia of any state or territory, or to emergency operations of any state department or agency, any police, or any municipality or county;

(5) The importation, sale, possession, and use of fireworks, signaling devices, flares, fuses, and torpedoes;

(6) The transportation, storage, and use of explosives or blasting agents in the normal and emergency avalanche control procedures as conducted by trained and licensed ski area operator personnel. However, the storage, transportation, and use of explosives and blasting agents for such use shall meet the requirements of regulations adopted by the director of labor and industries; and

(7) Any violation under this chapter if any existing ordinance of any city, municipality or county is more stringent than this chapter.

Sec. 128. RCW 70.74.250 and 1941 c 107 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

Between the dates of January 15th and June 15th of each year it shall be unlawful for any person to do, or cause to be done, any blasting within fifteen hundred feet (457.2 meters) from any fur farm or commercial hatchery except in case of emergency without first giving to the person in charge of such farm or hatchery twenty-four hours notice: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, That in the case of an established quarry and sand and gravel operations, and where it is necessary for blasting to be done continually, the notice required in this section may be made at the beginning of the period each year when blasting is to be done.

Sec. 129. RCW 70.74.340 and 1970 ex.s. c 72 s 6 are each amended to read as follows:

Quantities of small arms smokeless propellant (class B) in shipping containers approved by the federal department of transportation not in excess of fifty pounds (22.6 kilograms) may be transported in a private vehicle.

Quantities in excess of twenty-five pounds (11.3 kilograms) but not to exceed fifty pounds (22.6 kilograms) in a private passenger vehicle shall be transported in an approved magazine as specified by the department of labor and industries rules and regulations.

Transportation of quantities in excess of fifty pounds (22.6 kilograms) is prohibited in passenger vehicles: PROVIDED, That this requirement shall not apply to duly licensed dealers.

Transportation of quantities in excess of fifty pounds (22.6 kilograms) shall be in accordance with federal department of transportation regulations.

Small arms smokeless propellant intended for personal use in quantities not to exceed twenty-five pounds (11.3 kilograms) may be stored without restriction in residences; quantities over twenty-five pounds (11.3 kilograms) but not to exceed fifty pounds (22.6 kilograms) shall be stored in a strong box or cabinet constructed with three-fourths inch (19 millimeters) plywood (minimum), or equivalent, on all sides, top, and bottom.

Black powder as used in muzzle loading firearms may be transported in a private vehicle or stored without restriction in private residences in quantities not to exceed five pounds (2.3 kilograms).

Not more than seventy-five pounds (34 kilograms) of small arms smokeless propellant, in containers of one pound (0.45 kilogram) maximum capacity may be displayed in commercial establishments.

Not more than twenty-five pounds (11.3 kilograms) of black powder as used in muzzle loading firearms may be stored in commercial establishments of which not more than four pounds (1.8 kilograms) in containers of one pound (0.45 kilogram) maximum capacity may be displayed.

Quantities in excess of one hundred fifty pounds (68 kilograms) of smokeless propellant or twenty-five pounds (11.3 kilograms) of black powder as used in muzzle loading firearms shall be stored in magazines constructed as specified in the rules and regulations for construction of magazines, and located in compliance with this chapter.

All small arms smokeless propellant when stored shall be packed in federal department of transportation approved containers.

Sec. 130. RCW 70.74.350 and 1969 ex.s. c 137 s 31 are each amended to read as follows:

Small arms ammunition primers shall not be transported or stored except in the original shipping container approved by the federal department of transportation.

Truck or rail transportation of small arms ammunition primers shall be in accordance with the federal regulation of the United States department of transportation.

No more than twenty-five thousand small arms ammunition primers shall be transported in a private passenger vehicle: PROVIDED, That this requirement shall not apply to duly licensed dealers.

Quantities not to exceed ten thousand small arms ammunition primers may be stored in a residence.

Small arms ammunition primers shall be separate from flammable liquids, flammable solids, and oxidizing materials by a fire-resistant wall of one-hour rating or by a distance of twenty-five feet (7.7 meters).

Not more than seven hundred fifty thousand small arms ammunition primers shall be stored in any one building except as next provided; no more than one hundred thousand shall be stored in any one pile, and piles shall be separated by at least fifteen feet (4.6 meters).

Quantities of small arms ammunition primers in excess of seven hundred fifty thousand shall be stored in magazines in accordance with RCW 70.74.025.

Sec. 131. RCW 79.01.344 and 1927 c 255 s 86 are each amended to read as follows:

A right of way through, over and across any state lands not held under a contract of sale, is hereby granted to any railroad company organized under the laws of this state, or any state or territory of the United States, or under any act of congress of the United States, to any extent not exceeding fifty feet (15.2 meters) on either side of the center line of any railroad now constructed, or hereafter to be constructed, and for such greater width as is required for excavations, embankments, depots, station grounds, passing tracks or borrow pits, which extra width shall not in any case exceed two hundred feet (61 meters) on either side of said right of way.

Sec. 132. RCW 79.90.030 and 1982 1st ex.s. c 21 s 5 are each amended to read as follows:

Whenever used in chapters 79.90 through 79.96 RCW the term "first class tidelands" means the shores of navigable tidal waters belonging to the state, lying within or in front of the corporate limits of any city, or within one mile (1.6 kilometers) thereof upon either side and between the line of ordinary high tide and the inner harbor line; and within two miles (3.2 kilometers) of the corporate limits on either side and between the line of ordinary high tide and the line of extreme low tide.

Sec. 133. RCW 79.90.035 and 1982 1st ex.s. c 21 s 6 are each amended to read as follows:

Whenever used in chapters 79.90 through 79.96 RCW the term "second class tidelands" means the shores of navigable tidal waters belonging to the state, lying outside of and more than two miles (3.2 kilometers) from the corporate limits of any city, and between the line of ordinary high tide and the line of extreme low tide.

Sec. 134. RCW 79.90.040 and 1982 1st ex.s. c 21 s 7 are each amended to read as follows:

Whenever used in chapters 79.90 through 79.96 RCW the term "first class shorelands" means the shores of a navigable lake or river belonging to the state, not subject to tidal flow, lying between the line of ordinary high water and the line of navigability, or inner harbor line where established and within or in front of the corporate limits of any city or within two miles (3.2 kilometers) thereof upon either side.

Sec. 135. RCW 79.90.045 and 1982 1st ex.s. c 21 s 8 are each amended to read as follows:

Whenever used in chapters 79.90 through 79.96 RCW the term "second class shorelands" means the shores of a navigable lake or river belonging to the state, not subject to tidal flow, lying between the line of ordinary high water and the line of navigability, and more than two miles (3.2 kilometers) from the corporate limits of any city.

Sec. 136. RCW 79.92.030 and 1989 c 79 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:

The commission on harbor lines is hereby authorized to change, relocate, or reestablish harbor lines in Guemes Channel and Fidalgo Bay in front of the city of Anacortes, Skagit county; in Grays Harbor in front of the cities of Aberdeen, Hoquiam, and Cosmopolis, Grays Harbor county; Bellingham Bay in front of the city of Bellingham, Whatcom county; in Elliott Bay, Puget Sound and Lake Union within, and in front of the city of Seattle, King county, and within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the limits of such city; Port Angeles harbor in front of the city of Port Angeles, Clallam county; in Lake Washington in front of the cities of Renton and Lake Forest Park, King county; Commencement Bay in front of the city of Tacoma, Pierce county; and within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the limits of such city; Budd Inlet in front of the city of Olympia, Thurston county; the Columbia river in front of the city of Kalama, Cowlitz county; Port Washington Narrows and Sinclair Inlet in front of the city of Bremerton, Kitsap county; Sinclair Inlet in front of the city of Port Orchard, Kitsap county; in Liberty Bay in front of the city of Poulsbo, King county; the Columbia river in front of the city of Vancouver, Clark county; Port Townsend Bay in front of the city of Port Townsend, Jefferson county; the Swinomish Channel in front of the city of La Conner, Skagit county; and Port Gardner Bay in front of the city of Everett, Snohomish county, except no harbor lines shall be established west of the easterly shoreline of Jetty Island as presently situated or west of a line extending S 37" 09' 38" W from the Snohomish River Light (5); in Oakland Bay in front of the city of Shelton, Mason county; and within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the limits of such city; in Gig Harbor in front of the city of Gig Harbor, Pierce county; and within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the limits of such city.

Sec. 137. RCW 79.93.010 and 1982 1st ex.s. c 21 s 80 are each amended to read as follows:

It shall be the duty of the department of natural resources simultaneously with the establishment of harbor lines and the determination of harbor areas in front of any city or town, or as soon thereafter as practicable, to survey and plat all tide and shore lands of the first class not heretofore platted, and in platting the same to lay out streets which shall thereby be dedicated to public use, subject to the control of the cities or towns in which they are situated.

The department shall also establish one or more public waterways not less than fifty (15.2 meters) nor more than one thousand feet (304.8 meters) wide, beginning at the outer harbor line and extending inland across the tidelands belonging to the state. These waterways shall include within their boundaries, as nearly as practicable, all navigable streams running through such tidelands, and shall be located at such other places as in the judgment of the department may be necessary for the present and future convenience of commerce and navigation. All waterways shall be reserved from sale or lease and remain as public highways for watercraft until vacated as provided for in this chapter.

The department shall appraise the value of such platted tide and shore lands and enter such appraisals in its records in the office of the commissioner of public lands.

Sec. 138. RCW 81.36.010 and 1961 c 14 s 81.36.010 are each amended to read as follows:

Every corporation organized for the construction of any railway, macadamized road, plank road, clay road, canal or bridge, is hereby authorized and empowered to appropriate, by condemnation, land and any interest in land or contract right relating thereto, including any leasehold interest therein and any rights-of-way for tunnels beneath the surface of the land, and any elevated rights-of-way above the surface thereof, including lands granted to the state for university, school or other purposes, and also tide and shore lands belonging to the state (but not including harbor areas), which may be necessary for the line of such road, railway or canal, or site of such bridge, not exceeding two hundred feet (61 meters) in width, besides a sufficient quantity thereof for toll houses, workshops, materials for construction, excavations and embankments and a right-of-way over adjacent lands or property, to enable such corporation to construct and prepare its road, railway, canal or bridge, and to make proper drains; and in case of a canal, whenever the court shall deem it necessary, to appropriate a sufficient quantity of land, including lands granted to the state for university, school or other purposes, in addition to that before specified in this section, for the construction and excavation of such canal and of the slopes and bermes thereof, not exceeding one thousand feet (304.8 meters) in total width; and in case of a railway to appropriate a sufficient quantity of any such land, including lands granted to the state for university, schools and other purposes and also tide and shore lands belonging to the state (but not including harbor areas) in addition to that before specified in this section, for the necessary side tracks, depots and water stations, and the right to conduct water thereto by aqueduct, and for yards, terminal, transfer and switching grounds, docks and warehouses required for receiving, delivering, storage and handling of freight, and such land, or any interest therein, as may be necessary for the security and safety of the public in the construction, maintenance and operation of its railways; compensation therefor to be made to the owner thereof irrespective of any benefit from any improvement proposed by such corporation, in the manner provided by law: AND PROVIDED FURTHER, That if such corporation locate the bed of such railway or canal upon any part of the track now occupied by any established state or county road, said corporation shall be responsible to the state or county in which such state or county road so appropriated is located, for all expenses incurred by the state or county in relocating and opening the part of such road so appropriated. The term land as herein used includes tide and shore lands but not harbor areas; it also includes any interest in land or contract right relating thereto, including any leasehold interest therein.

Sec. 139. RCW 81.52.040 and 1961 c 14 s 81.52.040 are each amended to read as follows:

Any railroad corporation organized under the laws of this state or of any other state, and authorized to do business in this state and owning or operating a railway in this state, may construct, maintain and operate public spur tracks, from its railroad or any branch thereof, to and upon the grounds of any mill, elevator, storehouse, warehouse, dock, wharf, pier, manufacturing establishment, lumber yard, coal dock or other industry or enterprise, with all side tracks, storage tracks, wyes, turnouts, and connections necessary or convenient to the use of the same; and such company may acquire by purchase or condemnation, in the manner provided by the laws of this state for the acquisition of real estate for railway purposes, all necessary rights of way for such spur tracks, side tracks, storage tracks, wyes, turnouts and connections; said spur when constructed to be a public spur for the use of all industries located or thereafter located thereon: PROVIDED, That the right to acquire by condemnation herein granted shall not be exercised over unimproved lands for a greater distance than five miles (8.0 kilometers), or over improved lands for a greater distance than one mile (1.6 kilometers), or over lands within the limits of a municipal corporation for a greater distance than one-fourth of a mile (0.4 kilometer): PROVIDED FURTHER, That this section shall not be construed as limiting the rights granted under RCW 81.36.060 through 81.36.090, relating to the construction of branch lines.

Sec. 140. RCW 81.53.080 and 1969 ex.s. c 210 s 9 are each amended to read as follows:

After February 24, 1937, no building, loading platform, or other structure which will tend to obstruct the vision of travelers on a highway or parkway, of approaching railway traffic, shall be erected or placed on railroad or public highway rights of way within a distance of one hundred feet (30.5 meters) of any grade crossing located outside the corporate limits of any city or town unless authorized by the commission, and no trains, railway cars or equipment shall be spotted less than one hundred feet (30.5 meters) from any grade crossing within or without the corporate limits of any city or town except to serve station facilities and existing facilities of industries.

The commission shall have the power to specify the minimum vertical and horizontal clearance of under-crossings constructed, repaired or reconstructed after February 24, 1937, except as to primary state highways.

Sec. 141. RCW 81.53.090 and 1961 c 14 s 81.53.090 are each amended to read as follows:

When a highway crosses a railroad by an over-crossing or under-crossing, the framework and abutments of the over-crossing or under-crossing, as the case may be, shall be maintained and kept in repair by the railroad company, and the roadway thereover or thereunder and approaches thereto shall be maintained and kept in repair by the county or municipality in which the same are situated, or if the highway is a state road or parkway, the roadway over or under the railroad shall be maintained and kept in repair as provided by law for the maintenance and repair of state roads and parkways.

The railings of over-crossings shall be considered a part of the roadway. Whenever a highway intersects a railroad at common grade, the roadway approaches within one foot (0.3 meter) of the outside of either rail shall be maintained and kept in repair by highway authority, and the planking or other materials between the rails and for one foot (0.3 meter) on the outside thereof shall be installed and maintained by the railroad company. At crossings involving more than one track, maintenance by the railroad company shall include that portion of the crossing between and for one foot (0.3 meter) on the outside of each outside rail. The minimum length of such planking or other materials shall be twenty feet (6.1 meters) on installation or repairs made after February 24, 1937.

Sec. 142. RCW 82.08.0287 and 1995 c 274 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:

The tax imposed by this chapter shall not apply to sales of passenger motor vehicles which are to be used as ride-sharing vehicles, as defined in RCW 46.74.010(3), by not less than five persons, including the driver, with a gross vehicle weight not to exceed 10,000 pounds (4536 kilograms) where the primary usage is for commuter ride-sharing, as defined in RCW 46.74.010(1), or by not less than four persons including the driver when at least two of those persons are confined to wheelchairs when riding, or passenger motor vehicles where the primary usage is for ride-sharing for the elderly and the handicapped, as defined in RCW 46.74.010(2), if the ride-sharing vehicles are exempt under RCW 82.44.015 for thirty-six consecutive months beginning within thirty days of application for exemption under this section. If used as a ride-sharing vehicle for less than thirty-six consecutive months, the registered owner of one of these vehicles shall notify the department of revenue upon termination of primary use of the vehicle as a ride-sharing vehicle and is liable for the tax imposed by this chapter.

To qualify for the tax exemption, those passenger motor vehicles with five or six passengers, including the driver, used for commuter ride-sharing, must be operated either within the state's eight largest counties that are required to develop commute trip reduction plans as directed by chapter 70.94 RCW or in other counties, or cities and towns within those counties, that elect to adopt and implement a commute trip reduction plan. Additionally at least one of the following conditions must apply: (1) The vehicle must be operated by a public transportation agency for the general public; or (2) the vehicle must be used by a major employer, as defined in RCW 70.94.524 as an element of its commute trip reduction program for their employees; or (3) the vehicle must be owned and operated by individual employees and must be registered either with the employer as part of its commute trip reduction program or with a public transportation agency serving the area where the employees live or work. Individual employee owned and operated motor vehicles will require certification that the vehicle is registered with a major employer or a public transportation agency. Major employers who own and operate motor vehicles for their employees must certify that the commuter ride-sharing arrangement conforms to a carpool/vanpool element contained within their commute trip reduction program.

Sec. 143. RCW 82.12.0282 and 1993 c 488 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:

The tax imposed by this chapter shall not apply with respect to the use of passenger motor vehicles used as ride-sharing vehicles, as defined in RCW 46.74.010(3), by not less than five persons, including the driver, with a gross vehicle weight not to exceed 10,000 pounds (4536 kilograms) where the primary usage is for commuter ride-sharing, as defined in RCW 46.74.010(1), or passenger motor vehicles where the primary usage is for ride-sharing for the elderly and the handicapped, as defined in RCW 46.74.010(2), if the vehicles are exempt under RCW 82.44.015 for thirty-six consecutive months beginning within thirty days of application for exemption under this section. If used as a ride-sharing vehicle for less than thirty-six consecutive months, the registered owner of one of these vehicles shall notify the department of revenue upon termination of primary use of the vehicle as a ride-sharing vehicle and is liable for the tax imposed by this chapter.

Sec. 144. RCW 82.16.010 and 1994 c 163 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:

For the purposes of this chapter, unless otherwise required by the context:

(1) "Railroad business" means the business of operating any railroad, by whatever power operated, for public use in the conveyance of persons or property for hire. It shall not, however, include any business herein defined as an urban transportation business.

(2) "Express business" means the business of carrying property for public hire on the line of any common carrier operated in this state, when such common carrier is not owned or leased by the person engaging in such business.

(3) "Railroad car business" means the business of renting, leasing or operating stock cars, furniture cars, refrigerator cars, fruit cars, poultry cars, tank cars, sleeping cars, parlor cars, buffet cars, tourist cars, or any other kinds of cars used for transportation of property or persons upon the line of any railroad operated in this state when such railroad is not owned or leased by the person engaging in such business.

(4) "Water distribution business" means the business of operating a plant or system for the distribution of water for hire or sale.

(5) "Light and power business" means the business of operating a plant or system for the generation, production or distribution of electrical energy for hire or sale and/or for the wheeling of electricity for others.

(6) "Telegraph business" means the business of affording telegraphic communication for hire.

(7) "Gas distribution business" means the business of operating a plant or system for the production or distribution for hire or sale of gas, whether manufactured or natural.

(8) "Motor transportation business" means the business (except urban transportation business) of operating any motor propelled vehicle by which persons or property of others are conveyed for hire, and includes, but is not limited to, the operation of any motor propelled vehicle as an auto transportation company (except urban transportation business), common carrier or contract carrier as defined by RCW 81.68.010 and 81.80.010: PROVIDED, That "motor transportation business" shall not mean or include the transportation of logs or other forest products exclusively upon private roads or private highways.

(9) "Urban transportation business" means the business of operating any vehicle for public use in the conveyance of persons or property for hire, insofar as (a) operating entirely within the corporate limits of any city or town, or within five miles (8.0 kilometers) of the corporate limits thereof, or (b) operating entirely within and between cities and towns whose corporate limits are not more than five miles (8.0 kilometers) apart or within five miles (8.0 kilometers) of the corporate limits of either thereof. Included herein, but without limiting the scope hereof, is the business of operating passenger vehicles of every type and also the business of operating cartage, pickup, or delivery services, including in such services the collection and distribution of property arriving from or destined to a point within or without the state, whether or not such collection or distribution be made by the person performing a local or interstate line-haul of such property.

(10) "Public service business" means any of the businesses defined in subdivisions (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9) or any business subject to control by the state, or having the powers of eminent domain and the duties incident thereto, or any business hereafter declared by the legislature to be of a public service nature, except telephone business as defined in RCW 82.04.065 and low-level radioactive waste site operating companies as redefined in RCW 81.04.010. It includes, among others, without limiting the scope hereof: Airplane transportation, boom, dock, ferry, pipe line, toll bridge, toll logging road, water transportation and wharf businesses.

(11) "Tugboat business" means the business of operating tugboats, towboats, wharf boats or similar vessels in the towing or pushing of vessels, barges or rafts for hire.

(12) "Gross income" means the value proceeding or accruing from the performance of the particular public service or transportation business involved, including operations incidental thereto, but without any deduction on account of the cost of the commodity furnished or sold, the cost of materials used, labor costs, interest, discount, delivery costs, taxes, or any other expense whatsoever paid or accrued and without any deduction on account of losses.

(13) The meaning attributed, in chapter 82.04 RCW, to the term "tax year," "person," "value proceeding or accruing," "business," "engaging in business," "in this state," "within this state," "cash discount" and "successor" shall apply equally in the provisions of this chapter.

Sec. 145. RCW 84.36.079 and 1961 c 15 s 84.36.079 are each amended to read as follows:

All rights, title or interest in or to any vessel of more than one thousand ton (907.2 metric tons) burden, and the materials and parts held by the builder of the vessel at the site of construction for the specific purpose of incorporation therein, shall be exempt from taxation while the vessel is under construction within this state.

Sec. 146. RCW 88.24.040 and Code 1881 s 3274 are each amended to read as follows:

All wharves now standing, or hereafter to be built, in this state, shall be deemed insufficient, incomplete and unfinished unless they have good and substantial banisters or railing on the sides thereof, or a strip of hewn timber at least eight by ten inches (204 by 254 millimeters) square, well secured all around said wharves within ten inches (254 millimeters) of the outer edge thereof, except at the ends.

Sec. 147. RCW 90.58.140 and 1995 c 347 s 309 are each amended to read as follows:

(1) A development shall not be undertaken on the shorelines of the state unless it is consistent with the policy of this chapter and, after adoption or approval, as appropriate, the applicable guidelines, rules, or master program.

(2) A substantial development shall not be undertaken on shorelines of the state without first obtaining a permit from the government entity having administrative jurisdiction under this chapter.

A permit shall be granted:

(a) From June 1, 1971, until such time as an applicable master program has become effective, only when the development proposed is consistent with: (i) The policy of RCW 90.58.020; and (ii) after their adoption, the guidelines and rules of the department; and (iii) so far as can be ascertained, the master program being developed for the area;

(b) After adoption or approval, as appropriate, by the department of an applicable master program, only when the development proposed is consistent with the applicable master program and this chapter.

(3) The local government shall establish a program, consistent with rules adopted by the department, for the administration and enforcement of the permit system provided in this section. The administration of the system so established shall be performed exclusively by the local government.

(4) Except as otherwise specifically provided in subsection (11) of this section, the local government shall require notification of the public of all applications for permits governed by any permit system established pursuant to subsection (3) of this section by ensuring that notice of the application is given by at least one of the following methods:

(a) Mailing of the notice to the latest recorded real property owners as shown by the records of the county assessor within at least three hundred feet (91.4 meters) of the boundary of the property upon which the substantial development is proposed;

(b) Posting of the notice in a conspicuous manner on the property upon which the project is to be constructed; or

(c) Any other manner deemed appropriate by local authorities to accomplish the objectives of reasonable notice to adjacent landowners and the public.

The notices shall include a statement that any person desiring to submit written comments concerning an application, or desiring to receive notification of the final decision concerning an application as expeditiously as possible after the issuance of the decision, may submit the comments or requests for decisions to the local government within thirty days of the last date the notice is to be published pursuant to this subsection. The local government shall forward, in a timely manner following the issuance of a decision, a copy of the decision to each person who submits a request for the decision.

If a hearing is to be held on an application, notices of such a hearing shall include a statement that any person may submit oral or written comments on an application at the hearing.

(5) The system shall include provisions to assure that construction pursuant to a permit will not begin or be authorized until twenty-one days from the date the permit decision was filed as provided in subsection (6) of this section; or until all review proceedings are terminated if the proceedings were initiated within twenty-one days from the date of filing as defined in subsection (6) of this section except as follows:

(a) In the case of any permit issued to the state of Washington, department of transportation, for the construction and modification of SR 90 (I-90) on or adjacent to Lake Washington, the construction may begin after thirty days from the date of filing, and the permits are valid until December 31, 1995;

(b) Construction may be commenced no sooner than thirty days after the date of the appeal of the board's decision is filed if a permit is granted by the local government and (i) the granting of the permit is appealed to the shorelines hearings board within twenty-one days of the date of filing, (ii) the hearings board approves the granting of the permit by the local government or approves a portion of the substantial development for which the local government issued the permit, and (iii) an appeal for judicial review of the hearings board decision is filed pursuant to chapter 34.05 RCW. The appellant may request, within ten days of the filing of the appeal with the court, a hearing before the court to determine whether construction pursuant to the permit approved by the hearings board or to a revised permit issued pursuant to the order of the hearings board should not commence. If, at the conclusion of the hearing, the court finds that construction pursuant to such a permit would involve a significant, irreversible damaging of the environment, the court shall prohibit the permittee from commencing the construction pursuant to the approved or revised permit until all review proceedings are final. Construction pursuant to a permit revised at the direction of the hearings board may begin only on that portion of the substantial development for which the local government had originally issued the permit, and construction pursuant to such a revised permit on other portions of the substantial development may not begin until after all review proceedings are terminated. In such a hearing before the court, the burden of proving whether the construction may involve significant irreversible damage to the environment and demonstrating whether such construction would or would not be appropriate is on the appellant;

(c) If the permit is for a substantial development meeting the requirements of subsection (11) of this section, construction pursuant to that permit may not begin or be authorized until twenty-one days from the date the permit decision was filed as provided in subsection (6) of this section.

If a permittee begins construction pursuant to subsections (a), (b), or (c) of this subsection, the construction is begun at the permittee's own risk. If, as a result of judicial review, the courts order the removal of any portion of the construction or the restoration of any portion of the environment involved or require the alteration of any portion of a substantial development constructed pursuant to a permit, the permittee is barred from recovering damages or costs involved in adhering to such requirements from the local government that granted the permit, the hearings board, or any appellant or intervener.

(6) Any decision on an application for a permit under the authority of this section, whether it is an approval or a denial, shall, concurrently with the transmittal of the ruling to the applicant, be filed with the department and the attorney general. With regard to a permit other than a permit governed by subsection (10) of this section, "date of filing" as used herein means the date of actual receipt by the department. With regard to a permit for a variance or a conditional use, "date of filing" means the date a decision of the department rendered on the permit pursuant to subsection (10) of this section is transmitted by the department to the local government. The department shall notify in writing the local government and the applicant of the date of filing.

(7) Applicants for permits under this section have the burden of proving that a proposed substantial development is consistent with the criteria that must be met before a permit is granted. In any review of the granting or denial of an application for a permit as provided in RCW 90.58.180 (1) and (2), the person requesting the review has the burden of proof.

(8) Any permit may, after a hearing with adequate notice to the permittee and the public, be rescinded by the issuing authority upon the finding that a permittee has not complied with conditions of a permit. If the department is of the opinion that noncompliance exists, the department shall provide written notice to the local government and the permittee. If the department is of the opinion that the noncompliance continues to exist thirty days after the date of the notice, and the local government has taken no action to rescind the permit, the department may petition the hearings board for a rescission of the permit upon written notice of the petition to the local government and the permittee if the request by the department is made to the hearings board within fifteen days of the termination of the thirty-day notice to the local government.

(9) The holder of a certification from the governor pursuant to chapter 80.50 RCW shall not be required to obtain a permit under this section.

(10) Any permit for a variance or a conditional use by local government under approved master programs must be submitted to the department for its approval or disapproval.

(11)(a) An application for a substantial development permit for a limited utility extension or for the construction of a bulkhead or other measures to protect a single family residence and its appurtenant structures from shoreline erosion shall be subject to the following procedures:

(i) The public comment period under subsection (4) of this section shall be twenty days. The notice provided under subsection (4) of this section shall state the manner in which the public may obtain a copy of the local government decision on the application no later than two days following its issuance;

(ii) The local government shall issue its decision to grant or deny the permit within twenty-one days of the last day of the comment period specified in (i) of this subsection; and

(iii) If there is an appeal of the decision to grant or deny the permit to the local government legislative authority, the appeal shall be finally determined by the legislative authority within thirty days.

(b) For purposes of this section, a limited utility extension means the extension of a utility service that:

(i) Is categorically exempt under chapter 43.21C RCW for one or more of the following: Natural gas, electricity, telephone, water, or sewer;

(ii) Will serve an existing use in compliance with this chapter; and

(iii) Will not extend more than twenty-five hundred linear feet (762 meters) within the shorelines of the state.

Sec. 148. RCW 90.58.320 and 1971 ex.s. c 286 s 32 are each amended to read as follows:

No permit shall be issued pursuant to this chapter for any new or expanded building or structure of more than thirty-five feet (10.6 meters) above average grade level on shorelines of the state that will obstruct the view of a substantial number of residences on areas adjoining such shorelines except where a master program does not prohibit the same and then only when overriding considerations of the public interest will be served.