Washington State House of Representatives Office of Program Research	BILL ANALYSIS
Judiciary Committee

HB 1579

Title:  An act relating to the crime of unlawful practice of law.

Brief Description:  Reenacting provisions relating to the crime of unlawful practice of law.

Sponsors:  Representatives Carrell, Lantz, Hurst and Rockefeller.

Brief Summary of Bill

$Reenacts, without making any changes, certain provisions of law relating to the crime of unlicensed practice of law in order to respond to a court decision that may have invalidated those provisions because of a defective bill title and improper inclusion of multiple subjects in a 1995 act.

Hearing Date:  2/15/01

Staff:  Trudes Hutcheson (786‑7384).

Background: 

In 1995, the Legislature included several provisions related to various criminal laws in a bill entitled "An Act Relating to insurance fraud.@  In December of last year, Division II of the state court of appeals held that the inclusion of one of those provisions violated the state constitution.  That decision, State v. Thomas, 103 Wn. App. 800 (2000), overturned a conviction under the state=s anti-profiteering law. 

In 1984, the Legislature had enacted the Washington State Racketeering Act, which was to take effect July 1, 1985.  The 1985 Legislature, however, substantially amended the act before it took effect.  One of the changes was to rename the act the Criminal Profiteering Act.  The 1985 legislation also put a 10-year "sunset clause" on the entire act.  The sunset clause called for the act to expire on July 1, 1995, unless the Legislature enacted another bill before then to extend the life of the act.

In 1995, the Legislature repealed the sunset clause on the Criminal Profiteering Act.  The repeal of the sunset clause was intended to prevent the act from expiring that July, and to extend the life of the act indefinitely.  However, the repeal was done as part of E2SHB 1557 which was a bill entitled "An Act Relating to insurance fraud."   E2SHB 1557 became Chapter 285, Laws of 1995.

Division II of the Washington State Court of Appeals held that this1995 act "relating to insurance fraud," was invalid because it violated Article II, Section 19, of the state constitution.   Article II, Section 19, requires that a bill contain only one subject, and that the subject be expressed in the title of the bill.  The court found that the subject of "criminal profiteering" was not related to the subject of "insurance fraud," and therefore the bill violated the single subject requirement.  Likewise, the court found that the subject of criminal profiteering was not "expressed" in the title of the bill, and therefore the bill violated the "subject-in-the-title" requirement.  As a result, the attempted repeal of the sunset clause in 1995 was ineffective, and the court held that the criminal profiteering law had in fact expired on July 1, 1995.

The attempted repeal of the profiteering act=s sunset clause was the subject of the court=s decision in State v. Thomas.  However, there were several other provisions in that same 1995 act that very likely could be found unconstitutional as well.  Some of these provisions had to do with the crime of practicing a profession or business without a license.  These provisions, if challenged, might also be found to be a second subject, not related to "insurance fraud," or to be a subject not expressed in the title.

Persons practicing law in the state are required to be licensed by the Washington State Bar Association.  The 1995 bill specified what actions constitute the unlawful practice of law and made a single violation a gross misdemeanor and each subsequent violation a class C felony.  The 1995 bill also added the crime of practicing law without a license to the list of crimes that may constitute criminal profiteering.

Summary of Bill: 

Relevant provisions regarding the unlicensed practice of law are reenacted, without making any changes, to respond to the court decision that may have invalidated those provisions.

Appropriation:  None.

Fiscal Note:  Not Requested.

Effective Date:  The bill contains an emergency clause and takes effect immediately.