Washington State House of Representatives Office of Program Research	BILL ANALYSIS
Commerce & Labor Committee

E2SSB 5593

Brief Description:  Changing the public accountancy act.

Sponsors:  By Senate Committee on Ways & Means (originally sponsored by Senators Gardner, Prentice and Winsley).

Brief Summary of Engrossed Second Substitute Bill

$Revises regulation of certified public accountants, including phasing out the issuance of new CPA certificates in favor of licensing only, but allowing certificate holders as of June 30, 2001, to renew their certificates as "inactive certificates."

$Requires a majority of owners of CPA firms to be licensed, with nonlicensees subject to the board=s discipline.

$Allows certain out-of-state licensees to practice in Washington without a Washington license.

$Grants authority to the board to provide consumer protection and alerts, and to investigate Washington licensees when a complaint is made by the board of accountancy of another state.

Hearing Date:  3/21/01

Staff:  Chris Cordes (786‑7103).

Background: 

The Board of Accountancy administers a licensing program for persons and firms that engage in the practice of public accounting.  Generally, public accounting involves the use of accounting or auditing skills and includes such services as reporting on financial statements, performing tax planning or preparing tax returns, and providing management advisory or consulting services. 

A licensed certified public accountant (CPA) may practice public accounting only in a licensed CPA firm.  A person holding a valid CPA certificate, but not a license, may use the CPA designation as long as he or she meets certain conditions and does not hold himself or herself out as practicing public accounting.

Board membership.  The board has seven members appointed by the Governor:  four members must hold valid CPA certificates and must have been in public practice for at least 10 years; two members must have held valid CPA certificates for a least 10 years; and one member must represent the public.  The executive director is also appointed by the Governor and must hold a certificate.

Board duties.  As part of administering the licensing program, the board administers the CPA examination at least twice a year, issues certificates and licenses, investigates complaints, and sets fees to cover the cost of the program.

Certification and licensing.  CPA certificates are issued to persons who meet specified requirements, including good character, and educational and examination requirements.  The board may waive the education requirements for certain qualified persons.

Individuals and firms that wish to practice public accounting must obtain a license.  For individuals to be eligible for a license, the individual must be certified, must maintain the required continuing professional education, and must have at least one year of experience.  Under board rules, this experience must consist of 2,000 hours under the direct supervision of a licensed CPA actively engaged in public accounting.  The experience must require the exercise of independent judgment and involve such services as accounting and auditing, issuance of reports on financial statements, and preparation of tax returns.  The firm must participate in a board-approved peer or quality review program, or be a commercial or government organization that has filed a sponsorship agreement. 

For a firm to be eligible for a license, the principal purpose of the firm must be to furnish public accounting services, and certain members of the firm must be licensed.  Only persons licensed in Washington or another state may hold corporate stock in a CPA corporation.  Each office of the firm must be registered. 

Certificates, licenses, and registrations are renewed every three years, subject to maintaining specified requirements.

Out-of-state CPAs are permitted to practice temporarily in Washington on business incidental to a regular practice.  By rule, these CPAs may not maintain an office in Washington, advertise in Washington, or collect more than 10 percent of gross annual billings from Washington clients.

Washington certificates or licenses are issued to CPAs with an out-of-state certificate or license that permits the practice of public accountancy in the other state if the other state grants reciprocity to Washington CPAs with certificates or licenses.

Disciplinary actions.  The board may take action for various causes, including if there is fraud in obtaining a certificate or license or in representing oneself as a CPA, a conviction of a crime, or failure to maintain requirements for certification or licensing.

Penalties.  The board may revoke, suspend, or not renew a certificate or license or impose a $1,000 fine and investigation and legal costs for violations of the CPA licensing law.  If the board has reason to believe a person is violating the CPA licensing law, it must certify the facts to the prosecuting attorney.  A violation of the CPA licensing law is also a misdemeanor subject to a maximum fine of $1,000 or imprisonment up to six months, or both.

Summary of Bill: 

Board membership.  Beginning June 30, 2001, the Board of Accountancy membership is increased from seven to nine members by adding two members representing the public, including one member qualified to represent the interests of clients of licensees.

The executive director of the board must be a licensed CPA.

Board duties.  The board is authorized to publish consumer alerts and public protection information regarding violations of the CPA licensing law.

The requirement for the board to administer examinations twice a year is deleted, along with the detailed provisions regarding the exam structure.  The board is required to transition to a new exam structure or media for administering the exam.

Certification and licensing.  Beginning July 1, 2001, no new certificates as a CPA will be issued.  Licenses to practice public accounting will be issued under the criteria currently applying to certification as a CPA, except that the board may no longer waive the education requirement for becoming a licensee.  Specific competency and experience requirements are added, including a requirement for one year of experience gained through the use of various accounting skills while employed in government, industry, or public practice.

A CPA holding a certificate on June 30, 2001, will be able to continue holding the certificate as an "inactive" certificate.  An inactive certificate holder must display the term "inactive" as part of the CPA title and may not practice public accounting.

A CPA holding an inactive certificate who wishes to practice public accounting must transition to a license.  If the application for a license is made by June 30, 2004, the CPA must have one year of experience in accounting, meet competency requirements, and have completed required continuing professional education.  The experience may be gained at any time and must be gained through use of certain skills including accounting, issuing reports or financial statements, or tax or financial advisory skills.  After June 30, 2004, current certificate holders will be subject to the requirement that the one year of experience be gained in the prior eight years.

Licensing for firms is modified to:

$delete the requirement that the principal purpose of the firm be to furnish services consistent with the CPA licensing law; 

$add a requirement that a majority of firm owners must be natural persons who are licensees in Washington or another state and to delete the prohibition against nonlicensees holding stock interests in a CPA corporation.  Nonlicensed owners of firms must be natural persons and be active participants in the firm.  They are subject to the board's discipline and, for resident nonlicensees, to the board's ethics CPE requirements; and 

$require a licensed firm to meet competency standards established by the board.

A licensed firm that falls out of compliance with firm ownership requirements must take corrective action in a reasonable period of time as determined by the board.

For an applicant licensed in another state or country to be issued a license under the reciprocity provisions, the applicant must meet Washington's "good character" requirements.  The licensee must notify the board in 30 days if the out-of-state license has lapsed or become invalid.

The provision allowing "incidental" practice by an out-of-state CPA is deleted.  The board may allow an out-of-state licensed individual CPA (with a principal place of business in another state) with substantially equivalent education, examination, and experience, or from a state with substantially equivalent standards, to have license privileges without the need to obtain a license.  These individuals must notify the board of their intent to enter Washington and are subject to jurisdiction and discipline in Washington.

The board may accept the designation of "substantial equivalency" to national standards made by the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy.

Disciplinary actions.  The board is given additional authority to take action:

$against a nonlicensee owner who commits fraud or dishonesty while representing himself or herself as holding an interest in a licensed firm;

$for failure of a nonlicensee owner to comply with statute or rules; and

$for failure to comply with board orders.

A Washington licensee who uses its CPA title or provides services in another state is subject to discipline in Washington for an act committed in the other state if the licensee would be subject to discipline in the other state.  The board is authorized to investigate complaints made by the board of another state.

The definition of "reports on financial statements" does not include services that nonlicensees are permitted to provide.

Penalties.  The maximum civil fine for violations of the CPA licensing law is increased from $1,000 to $10,000.  The board may order full restitution to injured parties.  The board may take action against a firm's license for a nonlicensee owner's failure to comply with the CPA licensing law or rules.  The board is permitted to enter into stipulated agreements with first time violators and is not required to certify these to the prosecuting attorney.

The maximum fine for a misdemeanor violation is increased from $1,000 to $10,000.  A new felony crime is added, punishable by a maximum fine of $10,000 or imprisonment for up to two years, or both, for using a professional CPA title intended to deceive the public after entering into a stipulated agreement with the board.

Appropriation:  None.

Fiscal Note:  Available.

Effective Date:  Ninety days after adjournment of session in which bill is passed.