SB 5878 -
By Committee on Public Safety & Emergency Preparedness
ADOPTED 03/04/2008
Strike everything after the enacting clause and insert the following:
"NEW SECTION. Sec. 1 The legislature enacts sections 3 and 4 of
this act to expressly reject the interpretation of State v. Leyda, 157
Wn.2d 335, 138 P.3d 610 (2006), which holds that the unit of
prosecution in identity theft is any one act of either knowingly
obtaining, possessing, using, or transferring a single piece of
another's identification or financial information, including all
subsequent proscribed conduct with that single piece of identification
or financial information, when the acts are taken with the requisite
intent. The legislature finds that proportionality of punishment
requires the need for charging and punishing for obtaining, using,
possessing, or transferring any individual person's identification or
financial information, with the requisite intent. The legislature
specifically intends that each individual who obtains, possesses, uses,
or transfers any individual person's identification or financial
information, with the requisite intent, be classified separately and
punished separately as provided in chapter 9.94A RCW.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 2 A new section is added to chapter 9.35 RCW
to read as follows:
(1) A person who has learned or reasonably suspects that his or her
financial information or means of identification has been unlawfully
obtained, used by, or disclosed to another, as described in this
chapter, may file an incident report with a law enforcement agency, by
contacting the local law enforcement agency that has jurisdiction over
his or her actual residence, place of business, or place where the
crime occurred. The law enforcement agency shall create a police
incident report of the matter and provide the complainant with a copy
of that report, and may refer the incident report to another law
enforcement agency.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require a law
enforcement agency to investigate reports claiming identity theft. An
incident report filed under this section is not required to be counted
as an open case for purposes of compiling open case statistics.
Sec. 3 RCW 9.35.001 and 1999 c 368 s 1 are each amended to read
as follows:
The legislature finds that means of identification and financial
information ((is)) are personal and sensitive information such that if
unlawfully obtained, possessed, used, or transferred by others may
((do)) result in significant harm to a person's privacy, financial
security, and other interests. The legislature finds that unscrupulous
persons find ever more clever ways, including identity theft, to
improperly obtain ((and)), possess, use, and transfer another person's
means of identification or financial information. The legislature
intends to penalize ((unscrupulous people)) for each unlawful act of
improperly obtaining, possessing, using, or transferring means of
identification or financial information of an individual person. The
unit of prosecution for identity theft by use of a means of
identification or financial information is each individual unlawful use
of any one person's means of identification or financial information.
Unlawfully obtaining, possessing, or transferring each means of
identification or financial information of any individual person, with
the requisite intent, is a separate unit of prosecution for each victim
and for each act of obtaining, possessing, or transferring of the
individual person's means of identification or financial information.
Sec. 4 RCW 9.35.020 and 2004 c 273 s 2 are each amended to read
as follows:
(1) No person may knowingly obtain, possess, use, or transfer a
means of identification or financial information of another person,
living or dead, with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any
crime.
(2) Violation of this section when the accused or an accomplice
((uses the victim's means of identification or financial information))
violates subsection (1) of this section and obtains ((an aggregate
total of)) credit, money, goods, services, or anything else of value in
excess of one thousand five hundred dollars in value shall constitute
identity theft in the first degree. Identity theft in the first degree
is a class B felony punishable according to chapter 9A.20 RCW.
(3) ((Violation of this section when the accused or an accomplice
uses the victim's means of identification or financial information and
obtains an aggregate total of credit, money, goods, services, or
anything else of value that is less than one thousand five hundred
dollars in value, or when no credit, money, goods, services, or
anything of value is obtained shall constitute identity theft in the
second degree.)) A person is guilty of identity theft in the second
degree when he or she violates subsection (1) of this section under
circumstances not amounting to identity theft in the first degree.
Identity theft in the second degree is a class C felony punishable
according to chapter 9A.20 RCW.
(4) Each crime prosecuted under this section shall be punished
separately under chapter 9.94A RCW, unless it is the same criminal
conduct as any other crime, under RCW 9.94A.589.
(5) Whenever any series of transactions involving a single person's
means of identification or financial information which constitute
identity theft would, when considered separately, constitute identity
theft in the second degree because of value, and the series of
transactions are a part of a common scheme or plan, then the
transactions may be aggregated in one count and the sum of the value of
all of the transactions shall be the value considered in determining
the degree of identity theft involved.
(6) Every person who, in the commission of identity theft, shall
commit any other crime may be punished therefor as well as for the
identity theft, and may be prosecuted for each crime separately.
(7) A person who violates this section is liable for civil damages
of one thousand dollars or actual damages, whichever is greater,
including costs to repair the victim's credit record, and reasonable
attorneys' fees as determined by the court.
(((5))) (8) In a proceeding under this section, the crime will be
considered to have been committed in any locality where the person
whose means of identification or financial information was appropriated
resides, or in which any part of the offense took place, regardless of
whether the defendant was ever actually in that locality.
(((6))) (9) The provisions of this section do not apply to any
person who obtains another person's driver's license or other form of
identification for the sole purpose of misrepresenting his or her age.
(((7))) (10) In a proceeding under this section in which a person's
means of identification or financial information was used without that
person's authorization, and when there has been a conviction, the
sentencing court may issue such orders as are necessary to correct a
public record that contains false information resulting from a
violation of this section."
Correct the title.
EFFECT: Adds language from SHB 2638 to SB 5878 which:
(1) Clarifies that the relevant unit of prosecution for identity
theft is each unlawful use of a means of identification or financial
information. In other words, a defendant may be prosecuted and
punished separately for every instance he or she unlawfully uses the
means of identification or financial information, unless the instances
constitute the same criminal conduct. Likewise, unlawfully obtaining,
possessing, or transferring the means of identification or financial
information of any individual is a separate unit of prosecution for
each victim and for each unlawful act.
(2) Allows, under certain circumstances, the value of separate
incidents of identity theft to be aggregated for purposes of
determining the degree of identity theft. Whenever any series of
transactions involving a single person's identification or financial
information would, when considered separately, constitute identity
theft in the second degree because of value, and the series of
transactions are part of a common scheme or plan, the transactions may
be aggregated for purposes of determining the degree of identity theft
involved. If a person commits another crime during the commission of
identity theft, he or she may be prosecuted and punished separately for
the other crime as well as for the identity theft.