E2SHB 2783

HOUSE BILL REPORT
E2SHB 2783

This analysis was prepared by non-partisan legislative staff for the use of legislative members in their deliberations. This analysis is not a part of the legislation nor does it constitute a statement of legislative intent.

As Passed House:
February 13, 2008

Title: An act relating to transfer and articulation between institutions of higher education.

Brief Description: Regarding transfer and articulation between institutions of higher education.

Sponsors: By House Committee on Appropriations (originally sponsored by Representatives Wallace, Chase, Anderson, Sells, Haigh, Roberts, Hasegawa, Morrell, Sullivan, Kenney and Hudgins).

Majority Report: The substitute bill be substituted therefor and the substitute bill do pass. Signed by 10 members: Representatives Wallace, Chair; Sells, Vice Chair; Anderson, Ranking Minority Member; Hankins, Hasegawa, Jarrett, McIntire, Roberts, Schmick and Sommers.

Majority Report: The second substitute bill be substituted therefor and the second substitute bill do pass and do not pass the substitute bill by Committee on Higher Education. Signed by 29 members: Representatives Sommers, Chair; Dunshee, Vice Chair; Alexander, Ranking Minority Member; Haler, Assistant Ranking Minority Member; Anderson, Chandler, Cody, Conway, Darneille, Ericks, Fromhold, Green, Haigh, Hinkle, Hunt, Kagi, Kessler, Kretz, Linville, McIntire, Morrell, Pettigrew, Priest, Ross, Schmick, Schual-Berke, Seaquist, Sullivan and Walsh.

Background:

Direct Transfer Agreement: The Higher Education Coordinating Board (HECB) is responsible for establishing a statewide transfer of credit policy and agreement, in cooperation with the public institutions of higher education and the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges (SBCTC). Together, these entities have created the Direct Transfer Agreement (DTA). Any student who completes an approved DTA Associate Degree at a community college is considered to have satisfied the lower division general education requirements at a public four-year institution. These students are generally admitted as juniors when they transfer.

Course Equivalency: Outside of DTA Associate Degrees, each four-year institution determines how courses earned at another college or university meet general education requirements and apply toward requirements for a major, or count toward a Baccalaureate Degree. At some institutions this determination is made by faculty within each college or department. To assist students, each institution has created guides to illustrate course equivalency; which courses from which institutions are considered equivalent to which courses at the receiving institution. However, there is no statewide system of course equivalency in Washington.

Most students complete a DTA Associate Degree before they transfer, but about 30 percent transfer before completing a degree. For these students, unless the community college has a special articulation agreement, each four-year institution makes a separate determination regarding whether the students' courses meet its general education requirements.

Transfer Associate Degrees: In the late 1990s analysis of students' credit accumulation and graduation patterns revealed that transfer students in science, math, and other highly structured majors did not graduate as efficiently as non-transfer students. When they arrived at a four-year institution, these students needed to take additional lower division course requirements to qualify for their major.

To address this problem, the Council of Presidents (COP), the HECB, and the SBCTC convened a work group to develop a statewide Associate of Science Transfer Degree (AS-T), which was adopted in 2000. Under the AS-T, students take more math and science prerequisites while at the community college, with the objective of transferring directly into a major once they reach a four-year institution.

More recently, the HECB asked that the Joint Access Oversight Group (JAOG) develop Major Related Programs (MRPs). An MRP is based on the DTA or AS-T but specifies the prerequisite coursework that will provide the best preparation for entry into certain competitive majors. In 2005 the workgroups completed four MRPs: nursing, elementary education, pre-engineering, and engineering technology. In 2007 the group completed additional programs in secondary education, earth and space science, and construction management.

Regional and National Accreditation: There are many legitimate agencies that accredit schools across the United States and they can be broadly grouped into two categories: regional and national. Regional accreditors cover a section of the United States, for instance the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU) covers a seven state region including Alaska, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Nevada. All public two and four-year institutions in Washington are regionally accredited by NWCCU. National accreditors cover schools across the United States and sometimes abroad. They started as associated schools with a common, relatively narrow theme and thus, nationally accredited schools have traditionally been for-profit trade schools and colleges of technology.
The main issue for students regarding accreditation is the transferability of credit. While nationally accredited institutions will usually accept transfer credits from regional institutions, regional institutions will not typically accept transfer credits from national institutions. This means that if a student earns an Associate Degree from a nationally accredited school, they may have to start over if they transfer to a regionally accredited school.

Web-based Advising and Academic Planning Systems: The HECB must design a statewide system of course equivalency as well as a strategy to communicate course equivalency to students, faculty, and staff. In 2004 the HECB convened a work group that jointly established a strategy to create a single Website through which students could determine equivalent courses for any public two or four-year institution in the state. Roughly 30 other states have some level of Web-based advising in place. In its most robust form, Web-based advising sites help students audit progress toward a degree, explore program requirements for different majors at different schools, "chat" online with transfer advisors, and apply for admission to institutions.

Summary of Engrossed Second Substitute Bill:

The bill has several separate but related provisions.

Transfer Student Bill of Rights
The HECB must convene a work group to develop a list of institutional policy statements about transfer and articulation for students that have earned a Transfer Associate Degree under the direct transfer agreement. The list must be easily accessible on each institution's website as well as in admissions, transfer, and recruiting offices. The list must include institutional policy regarding admission to an institution, the number of credits that will generally transfer, the academic requirements fulfilled by the transfer degree, the acceptance of credit earned in dual enrollment and accelerated programs, and the acceptance of credits from non-regionally accredited institutions. The list must also include advance knowledge of selection criteria for limited access programs. The transfer student bill of rights must be implemented by September 2009.

Common Course Numbering
The HECB must convene a work group to develop a common set of course numbers for lower division courses that are generally accepted in transfer between two and four-year institutions and between four-year institutions. The common course numbers do not have to replace course numbers currently used at baccalaureate institutions and could be used in addition to existing course numbers. The system developed by the baccalaureate institutions should match common course numbers used in the community and technical college system, to the extent possible.

The HECB will collaborate with the work group to implement the system and submit a progress report to the appropriate committees of the Legislature by December 2011.

System of Identification for Transferable Courses
The HECB must convene a work group to develop a system of identification for generally transferrable courses. The identifier must clearly distinguish courses that transfer from two-year institutions to four-year institutions, regardless of whether the student has completed a Transfer Associate Degree. These courses would typically be in subject areas like English Literature, Earth Science, Political Science, Mathematics, etc. The system of identification may also include a separate identifier for courses that transfer but aren't offered at a wide array of institutions.

Institutions must include the system of identification in course catalogs and be implemented by September 2009.

Monitor Progress and Success
The HECB must convene a work group to develop a plan to monitor the progress and success of transfer students over time. The plan must include analysis recommendations regarding the barriers that transfer students face in attaining their degrees and recommendations to address those barriers. The plan must also contain several indicators, listed below:

The HECB must collaborate with the work group and the SBCTC and report to the appropriate committees of the Legislature by January 2009 and thereafter in alignment with reporting related to goals in the HECBs strategic master plan.

Web-based Advising Development Group
The HECB must convene a work group to develop a detailed plan for developing and implementing a statewide Web-based academic planning tool. The plan must include recommendations regarding the functions that should be included in the Web site, options for development. For example, the report should answer the "build it versus buy it" question, and costs associated with development options.

The HECB must report to the appropriate committees of the Legislature by December 15, 2008.

The bill becomes null and void if specific funding is not provided in the budget.

Effective Date: The bill takes effect 90 days after adjournment of session in which bill is passed. However, the bill is null and void unless funded in the budget.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony: (Higher Education)

(In support) The HECB is happy to coordinate these efforts and several constituent groups asked to be included in the work group, convened by the HECB, to work on these issues. The thread that connects all of the work proposed in the bill is communication, thus, the web-based advising component is critical.

(With concerns) Common course numbers implies uniformity when there is not. Some strategies outlined in the bill might be duplicative.

(With amendments) The workgroup should also include representatives from career colleges.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony: (Appropriations)

(In support) None.

(With concerns) Communicating clearly with students about transfer articulation between the two-years and four-years is important. Much of the work in the bill is currently being conducted through existing partnerships. The two- and four-year institutions are working together to smooth the transfer pathways in ways that are different than the bill. For example, the institutions and agencies are working on curriculum transfer pathways articulation. Continuing these efforts is important yet they are not addressed in the bill. Also, the Web tools piece of the bill is currently being worked on with a higher education group which is a key tool for transfer articulation. The Web tool would be more effective than common course numbering and would make common course numbering unnecessary.

(Opposed) None.

Persons Testifying: (Higher Education) (In support) Representative Wallace, prime sponsor; Ann Daley, Higher Education Coordinating Board; Steve Lindstrom, Northwest Career Colleges Federation; and Sarah Ishmael, Brianne Wood, Jake Stillwell, Washington Student Lobby.

(With concerns) Cindy Morana, Council of Presidents; Jane Sherman, Washington State University; Rassoul Dastmozd, Clark College; JW Harrington, University of Washington; and Violet Boyer, Independent Colleges of Washington.

(With amendments) Gail McGaffick, Corinthian Colleges.

Persons Testifying: (Appropriations) Cindy Morana, Council of Presidents; and Loretta Seppanen, State Board on Community and Technical Colleges.