HB 3306

HOUSE BILL REPORT
HB 3306

This analysis was prepared by non-partisan legislative staff for the use of legislative members in their deliberations. This analysis is not a part of the legislation nor does it constitute a statement of legislative intent.

As Reported by House Committee On:
Higher Education
Appropriations Subcommittee on Education

Title: An act relating to electronic learning at institutions of higher education.

Brief Description: Regarding electronic learning at institutions of higher education.

Majority Report: The substitute bill be substituted therefor and the substitute bill do pass. Signed by 10 members: Representatives Wallace, Chair; Sells, Vice Chair; Anderson, Ranking Minority Member; Hankins, Hasegawa, Jarrett, McIntire, Roberts, Schmick and Sommers.

Background:

National Context:
In the fall term of 2006, almost 3.5 million students were taking at least one online course; a nearly 10 percent increase over the number reported the previous year. That growth rate exceeds the 1.5 percent growth rate of the overall higher education student population.

Two-year, Associate degree granting institutions have the highest growth rates and account for over one-half of all online enrollments for the last five years nationally. Baccalaureate institutions began the period with the fewest online enrollments and have had the lowest rates of growth.

According to a recent survey of over 2,500 colleges and universities, improving student access is the most often cited objective for offering online courses and programs. The appeal of online instruction to non-traditional students is indicated by the high number of institutions which cite growth in continuing and profession education as an objective for their online offerings. Reducing or containing costs are among the least-cited objectives for online education.

Washington Enrollments in Electronic Learning:
In 1999 the Legislature adopted a budget proviso directing the Office of Financial Management (OFM) to develop a system for collecting consistent data on students enrolled in electronic learning courses. Enrollment reporting of electronic learning (eLearning) Full Time Equivalent (FTE) was defined by OFM as "an academic course where teachers and students are physically separate for a predominant amount (51 percent) of the instructional contact hours.

Since data started being collected in 2000, enrollments in eLearning courses have remained relatively flat at the public Baccalaureate institutions and have increased significantly in the community and technical college system. In the fall term of 2000, enrollments in Baccalaureate institutions accounted for 2 percent of total FTEs. In the community and technical colleges system, eLearning enrollments made up 3.5 percent of the total. In fall of 2006, eLearning enrollments comprised 2.4 percent of Baccalaureate enrollments, while the percentage had grown to 8.4 percent for the community and technical colleges. According to a report from the Sloan Consortium released in January 2007, 54 percent of national enrollments in eLearning are provided by community and technical colleges.

WashingtonOnline:
Started in 1997 by the community and technical college system, WashingtonOnline (WAOL) provides online courses that can be used by any college in the system. The WAOL serves about 40,000 students each year, roughly 4,100 annualized FTEs and allows colleges to pool enrollments so that smaller colleges can provide online course work to any enrolled student in an affordable way. The WAOL also provides professional development for faculty teaching in this milieu as well as around-the-clock technical support for faculty and staff.

OpenCourseWare:
Launched in 2001, OpenCourseWare (OCW) is a free publication of course materials from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Customers log on to a Web site and have access to a wide variety of MIT courses including notes, problem sets, labs, lectures, and video demonstrations. The OCW does not grant degrees or certificates and does not provide access to faculty. The OCW Web site had 52 million "hits" in 2007 and mostly serves self-learners and students who are complementing a course they are currently taking.

Summary of Substitute Bill:

The State Board for Community and Technical Colleges must convene a workgroup that includes the Workforce Training and Coordinating Board, the Prosperity Partnership, the Technology Alliance, the Higher Education Coordinating Board (HECB), a private career or vocational school, a four-year public institution of higher education, the Council of Faculty Representatives, and a community or technical college student to conduct analysis regarding eLearning and report its findings to the Legislature by December 1, 2008.

The workgroup's analysis must: (1) establish standards and best practices regarding eLearning and related support services; (2) recommend methods to increase student access to eLearning; (3) determine ways to increase the supply of open course materials; (4) recommend ways to increase the availability of digital textbooks; and (5) report demographic information on student enrollments, retention, and completion of eLearning courses and programs.

"eLearning" is defined as a program of study in which digital technologies are used to support learning in flexible, anytime, anywhere learning spaces. The "e" in "eLearning" stands variously for enhanced, electronic, or extended.

Substitute Bill Compared to Original Bill:

All references to "electronic learning" have been removed in the substitute bill and replaced with the term "eLearning." The substitute bill also removes the definition of electronic learning and replaces it with a new definition for eLearning.

The substitute bill removes WashingtonOnline from the workgroup and adds the HECB and the United Faculty of Washington State.

Effective Date of Substitute Bill: The bill takes effect 90 days after adjournment of session in which bill is passed.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony:

(In support) eLearning is growing rapidly and people appreciate the effort to pull stakeholders together. Given technological advances, anyone can get connected to learning and it is the responsibility of institutions to not only educate the workforce of tomorrow but support lifelong learning with digital learning technology. If the postsecondary education system is to expand and serve more learners, then innovative and flexible approaches that include digital learning must be incorporated.

(Support with comments) The HECB and the University of Washington would like to be added to the list of workgroup participants.

(Opposed) None.

Persons Testifying: (In support) Cable Green, State Board for Community and Technical Colleges; and Maddy Thompson, Workforce Board.

(Support with comments) Ann Daley, Higher Education Coordinating Board; and JW Harrington and Randy Hodgins, University of Washington.

Majority Report: The second substitute bill be substituted therefor and the second substitute bill do pass and do not pass the substitute bill by Committee on Higher Education. Signed by 17 members: Representatives Haigh, Chair; Sullivan, Vice Chair; Priest, Ranking Minority Member; Anderson, Assistant Ranking Minority Member; Barlow, Crouse, Fromhold, Haler, Herrera, Jarrett, Kagi, Kenney, Ormsby, Quall, Seaquist, Springer and Wallace.

Summary of Recommendation of Committee On Appropriations Subcommittee on Education Compared to Recommendation of Committee On Higher Education:

A null and void clause was added, making the bill null and void unless funded in the budget.

Effective Date of Second Substitute Bill: The bill takes effect 90 days after adjournment of session in which bill is passed. However, the bill is null and void unless funded in the budget.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony:

(In support) eLearning is occurring in higher education and is linking professors globally to students. Feedback from students and professors has been mixed, with reports of eLearning courses being among the best and the worst courses students have taken. Therefore, it's important for the state to have standards within eLearning to ensure high quality. Institutions of higher education have expressed interest in being involved with improving eLearning. eLearning is an important tool for higher education as we enter the 21st century. Improving eLearning opportunities will provide opportunities for older workers who are forced out of jobs and are interested in returning to post-secondary education and training. eLearning also allows access to higher education for many people throughout the state, for example in rural areas.

(Opposed) None.

Persons Testifying: Representative Deb Wallace, prime sponsor; and Representative Jim Dunn.