BILL REQ. #:  S-0257.1 

Read first time 01/22/09.   Referred to Committee on Early Learning & K-12 Education.

     AN ACT Relating to using multiple measures to meet high school graduation requirements; amending RCW 28A.655.061, 28A.655.0611, 28A.155.045, and 28A.230.090; adding a new section to chapter 28A.655 RCW; creating a new section; and declaring an emergency.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1   It is the intent of the legislature to account for a student's entire high school academic history by implementing an assessment system that evaluates a student's readiness to graduate based on multiple measures. This method recognizes all of the state's graduation requirements, considers the academic impact and benefit of each, and puts all in proper perspective. It honors a well-rounded, rigorous, and challenging educational experience that prepares students for a changing and complex twenty-first century. It recognizes that while all students can learn at high levels, each student is unique in his or her learning style. Students demonstrate competencies through their own strengths, learning styles, and different formats, and academically develop at different rates over time. In this system, the academic standards expected to be mastered remain constant but the time and manner by which a student demonstrates those standards can change. This system upholds all of the state's four learning goals throughout a student's high school tenure. It provides the opportunity for students to develop, grasp, and demonstrate many learning objectives, including those beyond the tenth grade.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 2   A new section is added to chapter 28A.655 RCW to read as follows:
     (1) Beginning with the class of 2010, every student shall have the opportunity to graduate with a high school diploma by obtaining a set weighted graduation score, as established by the state board of education, in relation to his or her performance in the entire multiple measures high school assessment system, as calculated under subsection (2) of this section. To qualify for graduation, a student must complete each of the five components in the high school assessment system. A student who graduates using this multiple measures approach does not receive a certificate of academic achievement or certificate of individual achievement. The multiple measures high school assessment system is comprised of the following five components:
     (a) Computation of the average grade point for those courses required for graduation as determined by the state board of education;
     (b) Computation of the average grade point for those courses required locally for graduation;
     (c) Completion of the high school and beyond plan;
     (d) Completion of a culminating project; and
     (e) Student scores on the assessments or alternative assessments established under RCW 28A.655.061 or 28A.155.045.
     (2)(a) Each component shall be evaluated using a four-point grading system and each component shall be assigned a different percentage weight for purposes of calculating the student's weighted graduation score. The purpose of the differently weighted components is to allow a high score on certain components to offset lower scores on other components. The state board of education shall establish:
     (i) The weighted average graduation score, on a scale of one to four, that is necessary for a student to graduate;
     (ii) Guidelines for schools on how to establish the point values to be assigned to each of the five components of the high school assessment system; and
     (iii) Guidelines to assist schools in understanding how to calculate the weighted graduation score.
     (b) In creating the guidelines, the state board of education shall use the minimum criteria in this subsection (2)(b) but may establish additional requirements for each component:
     (i) For the components in subsection (1)(a) and (b) of this section, students must attain a minimum achievement of a passing grade on every course required for graduation in order to receive a numerical score. The components in subsection (1)(a) and (b) of this section shall, in total, have a forty percent weight of the whole on a one hundred percent scale.
     (ii) Students must take the Washington assessment of student learning at least once. The score for the component in subsection (1)(e) of this section shall have a forty percent weight of the whole on a one hundred percent scale.
     (iii) The components in subsection (1)(c) and (d) of this section shall each have a ten percent weight of the whole on a one hundred percent scale.

Sec. 3   RCW 28A.655.061 and 2008 c 321 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) The high school assessment system shall include but ((need)) is not ((be)) limited to the Washington assessment of student learning, opportunities for a student to retake the content areas of the assessment in which the student was not successful, and if approved by the legislature pursuant to subsection (10) of this section, one or more objective alternative assessments for a student to demonstrate achievement of state academic standards. The objective alternative assessments for each content area shall be comparable in rigor to the skills and knowledge that the student must demonstrate on the Washington assessment of student learning for each content area.
     (2) Subject to the conditions in this section, a certificate of academic achievement ((shall be obtained by most students at about the age of sixteen, and)) is evidence that the students have successfully met the state standard in the content areas included in the certificate. With the exception of students satisfying the provisions of section 2 of this act, RCW 28A.155.045, or 28A.655.0611, acquisition of the certificate is required for graduation from a public high school but is not the only requirement for graduation.
     (3) Beginning with the graduating class of 2008, with the exception of students satisfying the provisions of RCW 28A.155.045, a student who meets the state standards on the reading, writing, and mathematics content areas of the high school Washington assessment of student learning shall earn a certificate of academic achievement. If a student does not successfully meet the state standards in one or more content areas required for the certificate of academic achievement, then the student may retake the assessment in the content area up to four times at no cost to the student. If the student successfully meets the state standards on a retake of the assessment then the student shall earn a certificate of academic achievement. Once objective alternative assessments are authorized pursuant to subsection (10) of this section, a student may use the objective alternative assessments to demonstrate that the student successfully meets the state standards for that content area if the student has taken the Washington assessment of student learning at least once. If the student successfully meets the state standards on the objective alternative assessments then the student shall earn a certificate of academic achievement.
     (4) Beginning no later than with the graduating class of 2013, a student must meet the state standards in science in addition to the other content areas required under subsection (3) of this section on the Washington assessment of student learning or the objective alternative assessments in order to earn a certificate of academic achievement. The state board of education may adopt a rule that implements the requirements of this subsection (4) beginning with a graduating class before the graduating class of 2013, if the state board of education adopts the rule by September 1st of the freshman school year of the graduating class to which the requirements of this subsection (4) apply. The state board of education's authority under this subsection (4) does not alter the requirement that any change in performance standards for the tenth grade assessment must comply with RCW 28A.305.130.
     (5) The state board of education may not require the acquisition of the certificate of academic achievement for students in home-based instruction under chapter 28A.200 RCW, for students enrolled in private schools under chapter 28A.195 RCW, or for students satisfying the provisions of RCW 28A.155.045.
     (6) A student may retain and use the highest result from each successfully completed content area of the high school assessment.
     (7) School districts must make available to students the following options:
     (a) To retake the Washington assessment of student learning up to four times in the content areas in which the student did not meet the state standards if the student is enrolled in a public school; or
     (b) To retake the Washington assessment of student learning up to four times in the content areas in which the student did not meet the state standards if the student is enrolled in a high school completion program at a community or technical college. The superintendent of public instruction and the state board for community and technical colleges shall jointly identify means by which students in these programs can be assessed.
     (8) Students who achieve the standard in a content area of the high school assessment but who wish to improve their results shall pay for retaking the assessment, using a uniform cost determined by the superintendent of public instruction.
     (9) Opportunities to retake the assessment at least twice a year shall be available to each school district.
     (10)(a) The office of the superintendent of public instruction shall develop options for implementing objective alternative assessments, which may include an appeals process for students' scores, for students to demonstrate achievement of the state academic standards. The objective alternative assessments shall be comparable in rigor to the skills and knowledge that the student must demonstrate on the Washington assessment of student learning and be objective in its determination of student achievement of the state standards. Before any objective alternative assessments in addition to those authorized in RCW 28A.655.065 or (b) of this subsection are used by a student to demonstrate that the student has met the state standards in a content area required to obtain a certificate, the legislature shall formally approve the use of any objective alternative assessments through the omnibus appropriations act or by statute or concurrent resolution.
     (b)(i) A student's score on the mathematics, reading or English, or writing portion of the scholastic assessment test (SAT) or the American college test (ACT) may be used as an objective alternative assessment under this section for demonstrating that a student has met or exceeded the state standards for the certificate of academic achievement. The state board of education shall identify the scores students must achieve on the relevant portion of the SAT or ACT to meet or exceed the state standard in the relevant content area on the Washington assessment of student learning. The state board of education shall identify the first scores by December 1, 2007. After the first scores are established, the state board may increase but not decrease the scores required for students to meet or exceed the state standards.
     (ii) Until August 31, 2008, a student's score on the mathematics portion of the preliminary scholastic assessment test (PSAT) may be used as an objective alternative assessment under this section for demonstrating that a student has met or exceeded the state standard for the certificate of academic achievement. The state board of education shall identify the score students must achieve on the mathematics portion of the PSAT to meet or exceed the state standard in that content area on the Washington assessment of student learning.
     (iii) A student who scores at least a three on the grading scale of one to five for selected AP examinations may use the score as an objective alternative assessment under this section for demonstrating that a student has met or exceeded state standards for the certificate of academic achievement. A score of three on the AP examinations in calculus or statistics may be used as an alternative assessment for the mathematics portion of the Washington assessment of student learning. A score of three on the AP examinations in English language and composition may be used as an alternative assessment for the writing portion of the Washington assessment of student learning. A score of three on the AP examinations in English literature and composition, macroeconomics, microeconomics, psychology, United States history, world history, United States government and politics, or comparative government and politics may be used as an alternative assessment for the reading portion of the Washington assessment of student learning.
     (11) By December 15, 2004, the house of representatives and senate education committees shall obtain information and conclusions from recognized, independent, national assessment experts regarding the validity and reliability of the high school Washington assessment of student learning for making individual student high school graduation determinations.
     (12) To help assure continued progress in academic achievement as a foundation for high school graduation and to assure that students are on track for high school graduation, each school district shall prepare plans for and notify students and their parents or legal guardians as provided in this subsection (12).
     (a) Student learning plans are required for eighth through twelfth grade students who were not successful on any or all of the content areas of the Washington assessment for student learning during the previous school year or who may not be on track to graduate due to credit deficiencies or absences. The parent or legal guardian shall be notified about the information in the student learning plan, preferably through a parent conference and at least annually. To the extent feasible, schools serving English language learner students and their parents shall translate the plan into the primary language of the family. The plan shall include the following information as applicable:
     (i) The student's results on the Washington assessment of student learning;
     (ii) If the student is in the transitional bilingual program, the score on his or her Washington language proficiency test II;
     (iii) Any credit deficiencies;
     (iv) The student's attendance rates over the previous two years;
     (v) The student's progress toward meeting state and local graduation requirements;
     (vi) The courses, competencies, and other steps needed to be taken by the student to meet state academic standards and stay on track for graduation;
     (vii) Remediation strategies and alternative education options available to students, including informing students of the option to continue to receive instructional services after grade twelve or until the age of twenty-one;
     (viii) The alternative assessment options available to students under this section and RCW 28A.655.065;
     (ix) School district programs, high school courses, and career and technical education options available for students to meet graduation requirements; and
     (x) Available programs offered through skill centers or community and technical colleges.
     (b) All fifth grade students who were not successful in one or more of the content areas of the fourth grade Washington assessment of student learning shall have a student learning plan.
     (i) The parent or guardian of the student shall be notified, preferably through a parent conference, of the student's results on the Washington assessment of student learning, actions the school intends to take to improve the student's skills in any content area in which the student was unsuccessful, and provide strategies to help them improve their student's skills.
     (ii) Progress made on the student plan shall be reported to the student's parents or guardian at least annually and adjustments to the plan made as necessary.

Sec. 4   RCW 28A.655.0611 and 2007 c 354 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) In addition to the students meeting the requirements of section 2 of this act, beginning with the graduating class of 2008 and through no later than the graduating class of 2012, students may graduate from high school without earning a certificate of academic achievement or a certificate of individual achievement if they:
     (a) Have not successfully met the mathematics standard on the high school Washington assessment of student learning, an approved objective alternative assessment, or an alternate assessment developed for eligible special education students;
     (b) Have successfully met the state standard in the other content areas required for a certificate under RCW 28A.655.061 or 28A.155.045;
     (c) Have met all other state and school district graduation requirements; and
     (d)(i) For the graduating class of 2008, successfully earn one additional high school mathematics credit or career and technical course equivalent, including courses offered at skill centers, after the student's eleventh grade year intended to increase the student's mathematics proficiency toward meeting or exceeding the mathematics standards assessed on the high school Washington assessment of student learning and continue to take the appropriate mathematics assessment at least once annually until graduation; and
     (ii) For the remaining graduating classes under this section, successfully earn two additional mathematics credits or career and technical course equivalent, including courses offered at skill centers, after the student's tenth grade year intended to increase the student's mathematics proficiency toward meeting or exceeding the mathematics standards assessed on the high school Washington assessment of student learning and continue to take the appropriate mathematics assessment at least once annually until graduation.
     (2) The state board of education may adopt a rule that ends the application of this section with a graduating class before the graduating class of 2012, if the state board of education adopts the rule by September 1st of the freshman school year of the graduating class to which the provisions of this section no longer apply. The state board of education's authority under this section does not alter the requirement that any change in performance standards for the tenth grade assessment must comply with RCW 28A.305.130.
     (3) This section expires August 31, 2013.

Sec. 5   RCW 28A.155.045 and 2007 c 354 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:
     Beginning with the graduating class of 2008, students served under this chapter, who are not appropriately assessed by the high school Washington assessment system as defined in RCW 28A.655.061, even with accommodations, may earn a certificate of individual achievement. The certificate may be earned using multiple ways to demonstrate skills and abilities commensurate with their individual education programs. The determination of whether the high school assessment system is appropriate shall be made by the student's individual education program team. Except as provided in RCW 28A.655.0611 or section 2 of this act, for these students, the certificate of individual achievement is required for graduation from a public high school, but need not be the only requirement for graduation. When measures other than the high school assessment system as defined in RCW 28A.655.061 are used, the measures shall be in agreement with the appropriate educational opportunity provided for the student as required by this chapter. The superintendent of public instruction shall develop the guidelines for determining which students should not be required to participate in the high school assessment system and which types of assessments are appropriate to use.
     When measures other than the high school assessment system as defined in RCW 28A.655.061 are used for high school graduation purposes, the student's high school transcript shall note whether that student has earned a certificate of individual achievement.
     Nothing in this section shall be construed to deny a student the right to participation in the high school assessment system as defined in RCW 28A.655.061, and, upon successfully meeting the high school standard, receipt of the certificate of academic achievement.

Sec. 6   RCW 28A.230.090 and 2006 c 114 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) The state board of education shall establish high school graduation requirements or equivalencies for students, except those equivalencies established by local high schools or school districts under RCW 28A.230.097.
     (a) Any course in Washington state history and government used to fulfill high school graduation requirements shall consider including information on the culture, history, and government of the American Indian peoples who were the first inhabitants of the state.
     (b) Students must meet the certificate of academic achievement requirements under RCW 28A.655.061 ((or)), the certificate of individual achievement requirements under RCW 28A.155.045 ((are required for graduation)), or the requirements of the multiple measures high school assessment system as established in section 2 of this act in order to graduate from a public high school ((but)). These are not the only requirements for graduation.
     (c) Any decision on whether a student has met the state board's high school graduation requirements for a high school and beyond plan shall remain at the local level.
     (2) In recognition of the statutory authority of the state board of education to establish and enforce minimum high school graduation requirements, the state board shall periodically reevaluate the graduation requirements and shall report such findings to the legislature in a timely manner as determined by the state board. The state board shall reevaluate the graduation requirements for students enrolled in vocationally intensive and rigorous career and technical education programs, particularly those programs that lead to a certificate or credential that is state or nationally recognized. The purpose of the evaluation is to ensure that students enrolled in these programs have sufficient opportunity to earn a certificate of academic achievement, complete the program and earn the program's certificate or credential, and complete other state and local graduation requirements. The board shall ((reports [report])) report its findings and recommendations for additional flexibility in graduation requirements, if necessary, to the legislature by December 1, 2007.
     (3) Pursuant to any requirement for instruction in languages other than English established by the state board of education or a local school district, or both, for purposes of high school graduation, students who receive instruction in American sign language or one or more American Indian languages shall be considered to have satisfied the state or local school district graduation requirement for instruction in one or more languages other than English.
     (4) If requested by the student and his or her family, a student who has completed high school courses before attending high school shall be given high school credit which shall be applied to fulfilling high school graduation requirements if:
     (a) The course was taken with high school students, if the academic level of the course exceeds the requirements for seventh and eighth grade classes, and the student has successfully passed by completing the same course requirements and examinations as the high school students enrolled in the class; or
     (b) The academic level of the course exceeds the requirements for seventh and eighth grade classes and the course would qualify for high school credit, because the course is similar or equivalent to a course offered at a high school in the district as determined by the school district board of directors.
     (5) Students who have taken and successfully completed high school courses under the circumstances in subsection (4) of this section shall not be required to take an additional competency examination or perform any other additional assignment to receive credit.
     (6) At the college or university level, five quarter or three semester hours equals one high school credit.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 7   This act is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety, or support of the state government and its existing public institutions, and takes effect immediately.