BILL REQ. #:  S-4796.2 

Read first time 02/19/10.   Referred to Committee on Human Services & Corrections.

     AN ACT Relating to the reasons for which a manifest injustice disposition may be imposed upon a juvenile offender; amending RCW 13.40.150, 13.40.160, and 13.40.165; and providing an effective date.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

Sec. 1   RCW 13.40.150 and 1998 c 86 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) In disposition hearings all relevant and material evidence, including oral and written reports, may be received by the court and may be relied upon to the extent of its probative value, even though such evidence may not be admissible in a hearing on the information. The youth or the youth's counsel and the prosecuting attorney shall be afforded an opportunity to examine and controvert written reports so received and to cross-examine individuals making reports when such individuals are reasonably available, but sources of confidential information need not be disclosed. The prosecutor and counsel for the juvenile may submit recommendations for disposition.
     (2) For purposes of disposition:
     (a) Violations which are current offenses count as misdemeanors;
     (b) Violations may not count as part of the offender's criminal history;
     (c) In no event may a disposition for a violation include confinement.
     (3) Before entering a dispositional order as to a respondent found to have committed an offense, the court shall hold a disposition hearing, at which the court shall:
     (a) Consider the facts supporting the allegations of criminal conduct by the respondent;
     (b) Consider information and arguments offered by parties and their counsel;
     (c) Consider any predisposition reports;
     (d) Consult with the respondent's parent, guardian, or custodian on the appropriateness of dispositional options under consideration and afford the respondent and the respondent's parent, guardian, or custodian an opportunity to speak in the respondent's behalf;
     (e) Allow the victim or a representative of the victim and an investigative law enforcement officer to speak;
     (f) Determine the amount of restitution owing to the victim, if any, or set a hearing for a later date not to exceed one hundred eighty days from the date of the disposition hearing to determine the amount, except that the court may continue the hearing beyond the one hundred eighty days for good cause;
     (g) Determine the respondent's offender score;
     (h) Consider whether or not any of the following mitigating factors exist:
     (i) The respondent's conduct neither caused nor threatened serious bodily injury or the respondent did not contemplate that his or her conduct would cause or threaten serious bodily injury;
     (ii) The respondent acted under strong and immediate provocation;
     (iii) The respondent was suffering from a mental or physical condition that significantly reduced his or her culpability for the offense though failing to establish a defense;
     (iv) Prior to his or her detection, the respondent compensated or made a good faith attempt to compensate the victim for the injury or loss sustained; and
     (v) There has been at least one year between the respondent's current offense and any prior criminal offense;
     (i) Consider whether or not any of the following aggravating factors exist:
     (i) In the commission of the offense, or in flight therefrom, the respondent inflicted or attempted to inflict serious bodily injury to another;
     (ii) The offense was committed in an especially heinous, cruel, or depraved manner;
     (iii) The victim or victims were particularly vulnerable;
     (iv) The respondent has a recent criminal history or has failed to comply with conditions of a recent dispositional order or diversion agreement;
     (v) The current offense included a finding of sexual motivation pursuant to RCW 13.40.135;
     (vi) The respondent was the leader of a criminal enterprise involving several persons;
     (vii) There are other complaints which have resulted in diversion or a finding or plea of guilty but which are not included as criminal history; and
     (viii) The standard range disposition is clearly too lenient considering the seriousness of the juvenile's prior adjudications.
     (4) The following factors may not be considered in determining the punishment to be imposed:
     (a) The sex of the respondent;
     (b) The race or color of the respondent or the respondent's family;
     (c) The creed or religion of the respondent or the respondent's family;
     (d) The economic or social class of the respondent or the respondent's family; ((and))
     (e) Factors indicating that the respondent may be or is a dependent child within the meaning of this chapter; and
     (f) The offender's primary need for inpatient or structured mental health or chemical dependency treatment, other than for sex offender treatment.
     (5) A court may not commit a juvenile to a state institution solely because of the lack of facilities, including treatment facilities, existing in the community.

Sec. 2   RCW 13.40.160 and 2007 c 199 s 14 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) The standard range disposition for a juvenile adjudicated of an offense is determined according to RCW 13.40.0357.
     (a) When the court sentences an offender to a local sanction as provided in RCW 13.40.0357 option A, the court shall impose a determinate disposition within the standard ranges, except as provided in subsection (2), (3), (4), or (5)((, or (6))) of this section. The disposition may be comprised of one or more local sanctions.
     (b) When the court sentences an offender to a standard range as provided in RCW 13.40.0357 option A that includes a term of confinement exceeding thirty days, commitment shall be to the department for the standard range of confinement, except as provided in subsection (2), (3), (4), or (5)((, or (6))) of this section.
     (2) If the court concludes, and enters reasons for its conclusion, that disposition within the standard range would effectuate a manifest injustice the court shall impose a disposition outside the standard range, as indicated in option D of RCW 13.40.0357. The court's finding of manifest injustice shall be supported by clear and convincing evidence and cannot be based solely upon the offender's need for inpatient, structured mental health or chemical dependency treatment, other than sex offender treatment.
     A disposition outside the standard range shall be determinate and shall be comprised of confinement or community supervision, or a combination thereof. When a judge finds a manifest injustice and imposes a sentence of confinement exceeding thirty days, the court shall sentence the juvenile to a maximum term, and the provisions of RCW 13.40.030(2) shall be used to determine the range. A disposition outside the standard range is appealable under RCW 13.40.230 by the state or the respondent. A disposition within the standard range is not appealable under RCW 13.40.230.
     (3) When a juvenile offender is found to have committed a sex offense, other than a sex offense that is also a serious violent offense as defined by RCW 9.94A.030, and has no history of a prior sex offense, the court, on its own motion or the motion of the state or the respondent, may order an examination to determine whether the respondent is amenable to treatment.
     The report of the examination shall include at a minimum the following: The respondent's version of the facts and the official version of the facts, the respondent's offense history, an assessment of problems in addition to alleged deviant behaviors, the respondent's social, educational, and employment situation, and other evaluation measures used. The report shall set forth the sources of the evaluator's information.
     The examiner shall assess and report regarding the respondent's amenability to treatment and relative risk to the community. A proposed treatment plan shall be provided and shall include, at a minimum:
     (a)(i) Frequency and type of contact between the offender and therapist;
     (ii) Specific issues to be addressed in the treatment and description of planned treatment modalities;
     (iii) Monitoring plans, including any requirements regarding living conditions, lifestyle requirements, and monitoring by family members, legal guardians, or others;
     (iv) Anticipated length of treatment; and
     (v) Recommended crime-related prohibitions.
     The court on its own motion may order, or on a motion by the state shall order, a second examination regarding the offender's amenability to treatment. The evaluator shall be selected by the party making the motion. The defendant shall pay the cost of any second examination ordered unless the court finds the defendant to be indigent in which case the state shall pay the cost.
     After receipt of reports of the examination, the court shall then consider whether the offender and the community will benefit from use of this special sex offender disposition alternative and consider the victim's opinion whether the offender should receive a treatment disposition under this section. If the court determines that this special sex offender disposition alternative is appropriate, then the court shall impose a determinate disposition within the standard range for the offense, or if the court concludes, and enters reasons for its conclusions, that such disposition would cause a manifest injustice, the court shall impose a disposition under option D, and the court may suspend the execution of the disposition and place the offender on community supervision for at least two years. As a condition of the suspended disposition, the court may impose the conditions of community supervision and other conditions, including up to thirty days of confinement and requirements that the offender do any one or more of the following:
     (b)(i) Devote time to a specific education, employment, or occupation;
     (ii) Undergo available outpatient sex offender treatment for up to two years, or inpatient sex offender treatment not to exceed the standard range of confinement for that offense. A community mental health center may not be used for such treatment unless it has an appropriate program designed for sex offender treatment. The respondent shall not change sex offender treatment providers or treatment conditions without first notifying the prosecutor, the probation counselor, and the court, and shall not change providers without court approval after a hearing if the prosecutor or probation counselor object to the change;
     (iii) Remain within prescribed geographical boundaries and notify the court or the probation counselor prior to any change in the offender's address, educational program, or employment;
     (iv) Report to the prosecutor and the probation counselor prior to any change in a sex offender treatment provider. This change shall have prior approval by the court;
     (v) Report as directed to the court and a probation counselor;
     (vi) Pay all court-ordered legal financial obligations, perform community restitution, or any combination thereof;
     (vii) Make restitution to the victim for the cost of any counseling reasonably related to the offense;
     (viii) Comply with the conditions of any court-ordered probation bond; or
     (ix) The court shall order that the offender shall not attend the public or approved private elementary, middle, or high school attended by the victim or the victim's siblings. The parents or legal guardians of the offender are responsible for transportation or other costs associated with the offender's change of school that would otherwise be paid by the school district. The court shall send notice of the disposition and restriction on attending the same school as the victim or victim's siblings to the public or approved private school the juvenile will attend, if known, or if unknown, to the approved private schools and the public school district board of directors of the district in which the juvenile resides or intends to reside. This notice must be sent at the earliest possible date but not later than ten calendar days after entry of the disposition.
     The sex offender treatment provider shall submit quarterly reports on the respondent's progress in treatment to the court and the parties. The reports shall reference the treatment plan and include at a minimum the following: Dates of attendance, respondent's compliance with requirements, treatment activities, the respondent's relative progress in treatment, and any other material specified by the court at the time of the disposition.
     At the time of the disposition, the court may set treatment review hearings as the court considers appropriate.
     Except as provided in this subsection (3), after July 1, 1991, examinations and treatment ordered pursuant to this subsection shall only be conducted by certified sex offender treatment providers or certified affiliate sex offender treatment providers under chapter 18.155 RCW. A sex offender therapist who examines or treats a juvenile sex offender pursuant to this subsection does not have to be certified by the department of health pursuant to chapter 18.155 RCW if the court finds that: (A) The offender has already moved to another state or plans to move to another state for reasons other than circumventing the certification requirements; (B) no certified sex offender treatment providers or certified affiliate sex offender treatment providers are available for treatment within a reasonable geographical distance of the offender's home; and (C) the evaluation and treatment plan comply with this subsection (3) and the rules adopted by the department of health.
     If the offender violates any condition of the disposition or the court finds that the respondent is failing to make satisfactory progress in treatment, the court may revoke the suspension and order execution of the disposition or the court may impose a penalty of up to thirty days' confinement for violating conditions of the disposition. The court may order both execution of the disposition and up to thirty days' confinement for the violation of the conditions of the disposition. The court shall give credit for any confinement time previously served if that confinement was for the offense for which the suspension is being revoked.
     For purposes of this section, "victim" means any person who has sustained emotional, psychological, physical, or financial injury to person or property as a direct result of the crime charged. "Victim" may also include a known parent or guardian of a victim who is a minor child unless the parent or guardian is the perpetrator of the offense.
     A disposition entered under this subsection (3) is not appealable under RCW 13.40.230.
     (4) If the juvenile offender is subject to a standard range disposition of local sanctions or 15 to 36 weeks of confinement and has not committed an A- or B+ offense, the court may impose the disposition alternative under RCW 13.40.165.
     (5) If a juvenile is subject to a commitment of 15 to 65 weeks of confinement, the court may impose the disposition alternative under RCW 13.40.167.
     (6) ((When the offender is subject to a standard range commitment of 15 to 36 weeks and is ineligible for a suspended disposition alternative, a manifest injustice disposition below the standard range, special sex offender disposition alternative, chemical dependency disposition alternative, or mental health disposition alternative, the court in a county with a pilot program under RCW 13.40.169 may impose the disposition alternative under RCW 13.40.169.
     (7))) RCW 13.40.193 shall govern the disposition of any juvenile adjudicated of possessing a firearm in violation of RCW 9.41.040(2)(a)(iii) or any crime in which a special finding is entered that the juvenile was armed with a firearm.
     (((8))) (7) RCW 13.40.308 shall govern the disposition of any juvenile adjudicated of theft of a motor vehicle as defined under RCW 9A.56.065, possession of a stolen motor vehicle as defined under RCW 9A.56.068, taking a motor vehicle without permission in the first degree under RCW 9A.56.070, and taking a motor vehicle without permission in the second degree under RCW 9A.56.075.
     (((9))) (8) Whenever a juvenile offender is entitled to credit for time spent in detention prior to a dispositional order, the dispositional order shall specifically state the number of days of credit for time served.
     (((10))) (9) Except as provided under subsection (3), (4), or (5)((, or (6))) of this section, or option B of RCW 13.40.0357, or RCW 13.40.127, the court shall not suspend or defer the imposition or the execution of the disposition.
     (((11))) (10) In no case shall the term of confinement imposed by the court at disposition exceed that to which an adult could be subjected for the same offense.

Sec. 3   RCW 13.40.165 and 2004 c 120 s 5 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) The purpose of this disposition alternative is to ensure that successful treatment options to reduce recidivism are available to eligible youth, pursuant to RCW 70.96A.520. The court must consider eligibility for the chemical dependency disposition alternative when a juvenile offender is subject to a standard range disposition of local sanctions or 15 to 36 weeks of confinement and has not committed an A-or B+ offense, other than a first time B+ offense under chapter 69.50 RCW. The court, on its own motion or the motion of the state or the respondent if the evidence shows that the offender may be chemically dependent or substance abusing, may order an examination by a chemical dependency counselor from a chemical dependency treatment facility approved under chapter 70.96A RCW to determine if the youth is chemically dependent or substance abusing. The offender shall pay the cost of any examination ordered under this subsection unless the court finds that the offender is indigent and no third party insurance coverage is available, in which case the state shall pay the cost.
     (2) The report of the examination shall include at a minimum the following: The respondent's version of the facts and the official version of the facts, the respondent's offense history, an assessment of drug-alcohol problems and previous treatment attempts, the respondent's social, educational, and employment situation, and other evaluation measures used. The report shall set forth the sources of the examiner's information.
     (3) The examiner shall assess and report regarding the respondent's relative risk to the community. A proposed treatment plan shall be provided and shall include, at a minimum:
     (a) Whether inpatient and/or outpatient treatment is recommended;
     (b) Availability of appropriate treatment;
     (c) Monitoring plans, including any requirements regarding living conditions, lifestyle requirements, and monitoring by family members, legal guardians, or others;
     (d) Anticipated length of treatment; and
     (e) Recommended crime-related prohibitions.
     (4) The court on its own motion may order, or on a motion by the state or the respondent shall order, a second examination. The evaluator shall be selected by the party making the motion. The requesting party shall pay the cost of any examination ordered under this subsection unless the requesting party is the offender and the court finds that the offender is indigent and no third party insurance coverage is available, in which case the state shall pay the cost.
     (5)(a) After receipt of reports of the examination, the court shall then consider whether the offender and the community will benefit from use of this chemical dependency disposition alternative and consider the victim's opinion whether the offender should receive a treatment disposition under this section.
     (b) If the court determines that this chemical dependency disposition alternative is appropriate, then the court shall impose the standard range for the offense, or if the court concludes, and enters reasons for its conclusion, that such disposition would effectuate a manifest injustice, the court shall impose a disposition above the standard range as indicated in option D of RCW 13.40.0357 if the disposition is an increase from the standard range and the confinement of the offender does not exceed a maximum of fifty-two weeks, suspend execution of the disposition, and place the offender on community supervision for up to one year. The manifest injustice disposition under this section shall not be based solely upon the likelihood that the offender will not be successful under this disposition alternative or upon the offender's need or continued need for inpatient or structured substance abuse treatment. As a condition of the suspended disposition, the court shall require the offender to undergo available outpatient drug/alcohol treatment and/or inpatient drug/alcohol treatment. For purposes of this section, inpatient treatment may not exceed ninety days. As a condition of the suspended disposition, the court may impose conditions of community supervision and other sanctions, including up to thirty days of confinement, one hundred fifty hours of community restitution, and payment of legal financial obligations and restitution.
     (6) The drug/alcohol treatment provider shall submit monthly reports on the respondent's progress in treatment to the court and the parties. The reports shall reference the treatment plan and include at a minimum the following: Dates of attendance, respondent's compliance with requirements, treatment activities, the respondent's relative progress in treatment, and any other material specified by the court at the time of the disposition.
     At the time of the disposition, the court may set treatment review hearings as the court considers appropriate.
     If the offender violates any condition of the disposition or the court finds that the respondent is failing to make satisfactory progress in treatment, the court may impose sanctions pursuant to RCW 13.40.200 or revoke the suspension and order execution of the disposition. The court shall give credit for any confinement time previously served if that confinement was for the offense for which the suspension is being revoked.
     (7) For purposes of this section, "victim" means any person who has sustained emotional, psychological, physical, or financial injury to person or property as a direct result of the offense charged. "Victim" may also include a known parent or guardian of a victim who is a minor child or is not a minor child but is incapacitated, incompetent, disabled, or deceased.
     (8) Whenever a juvenile offender is entitled to credit for time spent in detention prior to a dispositional order, the dispositional order shall specifically state the number of days of credit for time served.
     (9) In no case shall the term of confinement imposed by the court at disposition exceed that to which an adult could be subjected for the same offense.
     (10) A disposition under this section is not appealable under RCW 13.40.230.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 4   This act takes effect July 1, 2010.