BILL REQ. #:  S-3566.3 

Read first time 01/26/12.   Referred to Committee on Human Services & Corrections.

     AN ACT Relating to improving timeliness, efficiency, and accountability of forensic resource utilization associated with competency to stand trial; amending RCW 10.77.060, 10.77.065, 10.77.084, 10.77.086, and 71.05.310; adding new sections to chapter 10.77 RCW; creating new sections; providing an effective date; and declaring an emergency.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1   The purpose of this act is to sustainably improve the timeliness of services related to competency to stand trial by setting performance expectations, establishing new mechanisms for accountability, and enacting reforms to ensure that forensic resources are expended in an efficient and clinically appropriate manner without diminishing the quality of competency services.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 2   A new section is added to chapter 10.77 RCW to read as follows:
     (1)(a) The legislature establishes the following performance targets for the timeliness of the completion of accurate and reliable evaluations of competency to stand trial and related competency services for adult criminal defendants. The legislature recognizes that these targets may not be achievable in all cases without compromise to quality of evaluation services, but intends for the department to manage, allocate, and request appropriations for resources in order to meet these targets whenever possible without sacrificing the accuracy of evaluations, and to otherwise make sustainable improvements and track performance related to the timeliness of competency services:
     (i) For a state hospital to extend an offer of admission to a defendant in pretrial custody for legally authorized treatment or evaluation services related to competency, or to extend an offer of admission for legally authorized services following dismissal of charges based on incompetent to proceed or stand trial, seven days or less;
     (ii) For completion of a competency evaluation in jail and distribution of the evaluation report for a defendant in pretrial custody, seven days or less;
     (iii) For completion of a competency evaluation in the community and distribution of the evaluation report for a defendant who is released from custody and makes a reasonable effort to cooperate with the evaluation, twenty-one days or less. If the report cannot be completed within this time frame based on a lack of cooperation by the defendant, the evaluator shall notify the court and continue to provide notice at twenty-one day intervals unless otherwise instructed by the court.
     (b) The time periods measured in these performance targets shall run from the date on which the state hospital receives the court referral and charging documents, discovery, and criminal history information related to the defendant. The targets in (a)(i) and (ii) of this subsection shall be phased in over a six-month period from the effective date of this section. The target in (a)(iii) of this subsection shall be phased in over a twelve-month period from the effective date of this section.
     (2) The legislature recognizes the following nonexclusive list of circumstances which may place achievement of targets for completion of competency services described in subsection (1) of this section out of the department's reach in an individual case without aspersion to the efforts of the department:
     (a) Despite a timely request, the department has not received necessary medical clearance information regarding the current medical status of a defendant in pretrial custody for the purposes of admission to a state hospital;
     (b) The individual circumstances of the defendant make accurate completion of an evaluation of competency to proceed or stand trial dependent upon review of medical history information which is in the custody of a third party and cannot be immediately obtained by the department. Completion of a competency evaluation shall not be postponed for procurement of medical history information which is merely supplementary to the competency determination;
     (c) Completion of the referral is frustrated by lack of availability or participation by counsel, jail or court personnel, interpreters, or the defendant; or
     (d) An unusual spike in the receipt of evaluation referrals or in the number of defendants requiring restoration services has occurred, causing temporary delays until the unexpected excess demand for competency services can be resolved.
     (3) The department shall:
     (a) Develop, document, and implement procedures to monitor the clinical status of defendants admitted to a state hospital for competency services that allow the state hospital to accomplish early discharge for defendants for whom clinical objectives have been achieved or may be achieved before expiration of the commitment period;
     (b) Investigate the extent to which patients admitted to a state hospital under this chapter overstay time periods authorized by law and take reasonable steps to limit the time of commitment to authorized periods; and
     (c) Establish written standards for the productivity of forensic evaluators and utilize these standards to internally review the performance of forensic evaluators.
     (4) Following any quarter in which a state hospital has failed to meet one or more of the performance targets in subsection (1) of this section after full implementation of the performance target, the department shall report the extent of this deviation to the executive and legislature and describe any corrective action being taken to improve performance. This report shall be made publicly available.
     (5) Beginning December 1, 2013, the department shall report annually on the timeliness of services related to competency to proceed or stand trial in a form which is accessible to the public and which breaks down performance by county.
     (6) The performance targets in subsection (1) of this section do not apply to any referral received from a court in a county which has opted out under section 11 of this act.
     (7) This section does not create any new entitlement or cause of action related to the timeliness of competency evaluations or admission for inpatient services related to competency to proceed or stand trial.

Sec. 3   RCW 10.77.060 and 2004 c 9 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1)(a) Whenever a defendant has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity, or there is reason to doubt his or her competency, the court on its own motion or on the motion of any party shall either appoint or request the secretary to designate ((at least two)) a qualified expert((s)) or professional person((s)), ((one of whom)) who shall be approved by the prosecuting attorney, to ((examine)) evaluate and report upon the mental condition of the defendant.
     (b) The signed order of the court shall serve as authority for the ((experts)) evaluator to be given access to all records held by any mental health, medical, educational, or correctional facility that relate to the present or past mental, emotional, or physical condition of the defendant. ((At least one of the experts or professional persons appointed shall be a developmental disabilities professional)) If the court is advised by any party that the defendant may ((be developmentally disabled)) have a developmental disability, the evaluation must be performed by a developmental disabilities professional. ((Upon agreement of the parties, the court may designate one expert or professional person to conduct the examination and report on the mental condition of the defendant. For purposes of the examination, the court may order))
     (c) The evaluator shall assess the defendant in a jail, detention facility, the community, or the court to determine whether a period of inpatient commitment will be necessary to complete an accurate evaluation. If inpatient commitment is needed, the signed order of the court shall serve as authority for the evaluator to request the jail or detention facility to transport the defendant ((committed)) to a hospital or ((other suitably)) secure ((public or private)) mental health facility for a period of ((time necessary to complete the examination, but)) commitment not to exceed fifteen days from the time of admission to the facility. Otherwise, the evaluator shall complete the evaluation. The court may commit the defendant for evaluation to a hospital or secure mental health facility without an assessment if the defendant is charged with murder in the first degree. ((If the defendant is being held in jail or other detention facility, upon agreement of the parties, the court may direct that the examination be conducted at the jail or other detention facility.
     (b))) (d) The order shall indicate whether, in the event the defendant is committed to a hospital or secure mental health facility for evaluation, all parties agree to waive the presence of the defendant or to the defendant's remote participation at a subsequent competency hearing or presentation of an agreed order if the recommendation of the evaluator is for continuation of the stay of criminal proceedings, or if the opinion of the evaluator is that the defendant remains incompetent and there is no remaining restoration period, and the hearing is held prior to the expiration of the authorized commitment period.
     (e) When a defendant is ordered to be committed for inpatient examination under this subsection (1), the court may delay granting bail until the defendant has been evaluated for competency or sanity and appears before the court. Following the evaluation, in determining bail the court shall consider: (i) Recommendations of the ((expert or professional persons)) evaluator regarding the defendant's competency, sanity, or diminished capacity; (ii) whether the defendant has a recent history of one or more violent acts; (iii) whether the defendant has previously been acquitted by reason of insanity or found incompetent; (iv) whether it is reasonably likely the defendant will fail to appear for a future court hearing; and (v) whether the defendant is a threat to public safety.
     (2) The court may direct that a qualified expert or professional person retained by or appointed for the defendant be permitted to witness the examination authorized by subsection (1) of this section, and that the defendant shall have access to all information obtained by the court appointed experts or professional persons. The defendant's expert or professional person shall have the right to file his or her own report following the guidelines of subsection (3) of this section. If the defendant is indigent, the court shall upon the request of the defendant assist him or her in obtaining an expert or professional person.
     (3) The report of the examination shall include the following:
     (a) A description of the nature of the examination;
     (b) A ((diagnosis)) description of the current mental condition of the defendant;
     (c) If the defendant suffers from a mental disease or defect, or ((is developmentally disabled)) has a developmental disability, an opinion as to competency;
     (d) If the defendant has indicated his or her intention to rely on the defense of insanity pursuant to RCW 10.77.030, and an evaluation and report by an expert or professional person has been provided concluding that the defendant was criminally insane at the time of the alleged offense, an opinion as to the defendant's sanity at the time of the act, and an opinion as to whether the defendant presents a substantial danger to other persons, or presents a substantial likelihood of committing criminal acts jeopardizing public safety or security, unless kept under further control by the court or other persons or institutions, provided that no opinion shall be rendered under this subsection (3)(d) unless the evaluator or court determines that the defendant is competent to stand trial;
     (e) When directed by the court, if an evaluation and report by an expert or professional person has been provided concluding that the defendant lacked the capacity at the time of the offense to form the mental state necessary to commit the charged offense, an opinion as to the capacity of the defendant to have a particular state of mind which is an element of the offense charged;
     (f) An opinion as to whether the defendant should be evaluated by a ((county)) designated mental health professional under chapter 71.05 RCW((, and an opinion as to whether the defendant is a substantial danger to other persons, or presents a substantial likelihood of committing criminal acts jeopardizing public safety or security, unless kept under further control by the court or other persons or institutions)).
     (4) The secretary may execute such agreements as appropriate and necessary to implement this section and may choose to designate more than one evaluator.

Sec. 4   RCW 10.77.065 and 2008 c 213 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1)(a)(i) The ((facility)) expert conducting the evaluation shall provide ((its)) his or her report and recommendation to the court in which the criminal proceeding is pending. A copy of the report and recommendation shall be provided to the designated mental health professional, the prosecuting attorney, the defense attorney, and the professional person at the local correctional facility where the defendant is being held, or if there is no professional person, to the person designated under (a)(((ii))) (iii) of this subsection. Upon request, the ((facility)) evaluator shall also provide copies of any source documents relevant to the evaluation to the designated mental health professional. ((The report and recommendation shall be provided not less than twenty-four hours preceding the transfer of the defendant to the correctional facility in the county in which the criminal proceeding is pending.))
     (ii) Any facility providing inpatient services related to competency shall discharge the defendant as soon as the facility determines that the defendant is competent to stand trial. Discharge shall not be postponed during the writing and distribution of the evaluation report. Distribution of an evaluation report by a facility providing inpatient services shall ordinarily be accomplished within two working days or less following the final evaluation of the defendant. If the defendant is detained in a local correctional facility, the local correctional facility must continue the medication regimen prescribed by the hospital unless the defendant refuses to cooperate with medication.
     (iii) If there is no professional person at the local correctional facility, the local correctional facility shall designate a professional person as defined in RCW 71.05.020 or, in cooperation with the regional support network, a professional person at the regional support network to receive the report and recommendation.
     (((iii) When a defendant is transferred to the facility conducting the evaluation, or)) (iv) Upon commencement of a defendant's evaluation in the local correctional facility, the local correctional facility must notify the evaluator ((or the facility conducting the evaluation)) of the name of the professional person, or person designated under (a)(((ii))) (iii) of this subsection, to receive the report and recommendation.
     (b) If the ((facility)) evaluator concludes, under RCW 10.77.060(3)(f), the person should be ((kept under further control, an evaluation shall be conducted of such person)) evaluated by a designated mental health professional under chapter 71.05 RCW((.)), the court shall order ((an)) such evaluation be conducted ((by the appropriate designated mental health professional: (i))) prior to release from confinement ((for such person who is convicted, if sentenced to confinement for twenty-four months or less; (ii) for any person who is acquitted; or (iii) for any person: (A) Whose charges are dismissed pursuant to RCW 10.77.086(4); or (B) whose nonfelony charges are dismissed)) when the person is acquitted, convicted and sentenced to confinement for twenty-four months or less, or charges are dismissed pursuant to a finding of incompetent to stand trial.
     (2) The designated mental health professional shall provide written notification within twenty-four hours of the results of the determination whether to commence proceedings under chapter 71.05 RCW. The notification shall be provided to the persons identified in subsection (1)(a) of this section.
     (3) The prosecuting attorney shall provide a copy of the results of any proceedings commenced by the designated mental health professional under subsection (2) of this section to the ((facility conducting the evaluation under this chapter)) secretary.
     (4) The fact of admission and all information and records compiled, obtained, or maintained in the course of providing services under this chapter may also be disclosed to the courts solely to prevent the entry of any evaluation or treatment order that is inconsistent with any order entered under chapter 71.05 RCW.

Sec. 5   RCW 10.77.084 and 2007 c 375 s 3 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1)(a) If at any time during the pendency of an action and prior to judgment the court finds, following a report as provided in RCW 10.77.060, a defendant is incompetent, the court shall order the proceedings against the defendant be stayed except as provided in subsection (4) of this section.
     (b) ((A defendant found incompetent shall be evaluated at the direction of the secretary and a determination made whether the defendant is an individual with a developmental disability. Such evaluation and determination shall be accomplished as soon as possible following the court's placement of the defendant in the custody of the secretary.
     (i) When appropriate, and subject to available funds, if the defendant is determined to be an individual with a developmental disability, he or she may be placed in a program specifically reserved for the treatment and training of persons with developmental disabilities where the defendant shall have the right to habilitation according to an individualized service plan specifically developed for the particular needs of the defendant. A copy of the evaluation shall be sent to the program.
     (A) The program shall be separate from programs serving persons involved in any other treatment or habilitation program.
     (B) The program shall be appropriately secure under the circumstances and shall be administered by developmental disabilities professionals who shall direct the habilitation efforts.
     (C) The program shall provide an environment affording security appropriate with the charged criminal behavior and necessary to protect the public safety.
     (ii) The department may limit admissions of such persons to this specialized program in order to ensure that expenditures for services do not exceed amounts appropriated by the legislature and allocated by the department for such services.
     (iii) The department may establish admission priorities in the event that the number of eligible persons exceeds the limits set by the department.
     (c))) At the end of the mental health treatment and restoration period, if any, or at any time a professional person determines competency has been, or is unlikely to be, restored, the defendant shall be returned to court for a hearing. The parties may agree to waive the defendant's presence or to remote participation by the defendant at a hearing or presentation of an agreed order if the recommendation of the evaluator is for the continuation of the stay of criminal proceedings, or if the opinion of the evaluator is that the defendant remains incompetent and there is no remaining restoration period, and the hearing is held prior to expiration of the defendant's authorized period of commitment. If, after notice and hearing, competency has been restored, the stay entered under (a) of this subsection shall be lifted. If competency has not been restored, the proceedings shall be dismissed without prejudice. If the court concludes that competency has not been restored, but that further treatment within the time limits established by RCW 10.77.086 or 10.77.088 is likely to restore competency, the court may order that treatment for purposes of competency restoration be continued. Such treatment may not extend beyond the combination of time provided for in RCW 10.77.086 or 10.77.088.
     (((d))) (c) If at any time during the proceeding the court finds, following notice and hearing, a defendant is not likely to regain competency, the proceedings shall be dismissed without prejudice and the defendant shall be evaluated for civil commitment proceedings.
     (2) If the defendant is referred ((to the)) for evaluation by a designated mental health professional ((for consideration of initial detention proceedings under chapter 71.05 RCW pursuant to)) under this chapter, the designated mental health professional shall provide prompt written notification of the results of the ((determination whether to commence initial detention proceedings under chapter 71.05 RCW)) evaluation and whether the person was detained. The notification shall be provided to the court in which the criminal action was pending, the prosecutor, the defense attorney in the criminal action, and the facility that evaluated the defendant for competency.
     (3) The fact that the defendant is unfit to proceed does not preclude any pretrial proceedings which do not require the personal participation of the defendant.
     (4) A defendant receiving medication for either physical or mental problems shall not be prohibited from standing trial, if the medication either enables the defendant to understand the proceedings against him or her and to assist in his or her own defense, or does not disable him or her from so understanding and assisting in his or her own defense.
     (5) At or before the conclusion of any commitment period provided for by this section, the facility providing evaluation and treatment shall provide to the court a written report of examination which meets the requirements of RCW 10.77.060(3). For defendants charged with a felony, the report following the second competency restoration period or first competency restoration period if the defendant's incompetence is determined to be solely due to a developmental disability or the evaluator concludes that the defendant is not likely to regain competency must include an assessment of the defendant's future dangerousness which is evidence-based regarding predictive validity.

Sec. 6   RCW 10.77.086 and 2007 c 375 s 4 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1)(a) If the defendant is charged with a felony and determined to be incompetent, until he or she has regained the competency necessary to understand the proceedings against him or her and assist in his or her own defense, or has been determined unlikely to regain competency pursuant to RCW 10.77.084(1)(((c))) (b), but in any event for a period of no longer than ninety days, the court:
     (((a))) (i) Shall commit the defendant to the custody of the secretary who shall place such defendant in an appropriate facility of the department for evaluation and treatment; or
     (((b))) (ii) May alternatively order the defendant to undergo evaluation and treatment at some other facility as determined by the department, or under the guidance and control of a professional person.
     (b) For a defendant whose highest charge is a class C felony, the maximum time allowed for the first competency restoration period is forty-five days.
     (2) On or before expiration of the initial ((ninety-day)) period of commitment under subsection (1) of this section the court shall conduct a hearing, at which it shall determine whether or not the defendant is incompetent.
     (3) If the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant charged with a felony is incompetent, the court shall have the option of extending the order of commitment or alternative treatment for an additional ((ninety-day)) period of ninety days, but the court must at the time of extension set a date for a prompt hearing to determine the defendant's competency before the expiration of the second ((ninety-day)) restoration period. The defendant, the defendant's attorney, or the prosecutor has the right to demand that the hearing be before a jury. No extension shall be ordered for a second ((ninety-day)) or third restoration period((, nor for any subsequent period)) as provided in subsection (4) of this section((,)) if the defendant's incompetence has been determined by the secretary to be solely the result of a developmental disability which is such that competence is not reasonably likely to be regained during an extension.
     (4) For persons charged with a felony, at the hearing upon the expiration of the second ((ninety-day)) restoration period or at the end of the first ((ninety-day)) restoration period, in the case of a defendant with a developmental disability, if the jury or court finds that the defendant is incompetent, the charges shall be dismissed without prejudice, and ((either civil commitment proceedings shall be instituted or)) the court shall either order the release of the defendant or order the defendant be committed to a hospital or secure mental health facility for up to seventy-two hours starting from admission to the facility, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, for evaluation for the purpose of filing a civil commitment petition. The criminal charges shall not be dismissed if the court or jury finds that: (a) The defendant (i) is a substantial danger to other persons; or (ii) presents a substantial likelihood of committing criminal acts jeopardizing public safety or security; and (b) there is a substantial probability that the defendant will regain competency within a reasonable period of time. In the event that the court or jury makes such a finding, the court may extend the period of commitment for up to an additional six months.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 7   A new section is added to chapter 10.77 RCW to read as follows:
     (1) A defendant found incompetent by the court under RCW 10.77.084 must be evaluated at the direction of the secretary and a determination made whether the defendant is an individual with a developmental disability. Such evaluation and determination must be accomplished as soon as possible following the court's placement of the defendant in the custody of the secretary.
     (2) When appropriate, and subject to available funds, if the defendant is determined to be an individual with a developmental disability, he or she may be placed in a program specifically reserved for the treatment and training of persons with developmental disabilities where the defendant has the right to habilitation according to an individualized service plan specifically developed for the particular needs of the defendant. A copy of the evaluation must be sent to the program.
     (a) The program must be separate from programs serving persons involved in any other treatment or habilitation program.
     (b) The program must be appropriately secure under the circumstances and must be administered by developmental disabilities professionals who shall direct the habilitation efforts.
     (c) The program must provide an environment affording security appropriate with the charged criminal behavior and necessary to protect the public safety.
     (3) The department may limit admissions of such persons to this specialized program in order to ensure that expenditures for services do not exceed amounts appropriated by the legislature and allocated by the department for such services.
     (4) The department may establish admission priorities in the event that the number of eligible persons exceeds the limits set by the department.

Sec. 8   RCW 71.05.310 and 2005 c 504 s 709 are each amended to read as follows:
     The court shall conduct a hearing on the petition for ninety-day treatment within five judicial days of the first court appearance after the probable cause hearing, or within ten judicial days for a petition filed under RCW 71.05.280(3). The court may continue the hearing for good cause shown upon the written request of the person named in the petition ((or)), the person's attorney, ((for good cause shown)) or in the case of a petition filed under RCW 71.05.280(3) the petitioner, which continuance shall not exceed five additional judicial days. If the person named in the petition requests a jury trial, the trial shall commence within ten judicial days of the first court appearance after the probable cause hearing. The burden of proof shall be by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence and shall be upon the petitioner. The person shall be present at such proceeding, which shall in all respects accord with the constitutional guarantees of due process of law and the rules of evidence pursuant to RCW 71.05.360 (8) and (9).
     During the proceeding, the person named in the petition shall continue to be treated until released by order of the superior court. If no order has been made within thirty days after the filing of the petition, not including extensions of time requested by the detained person or his or her attorney, the detained person shall be released.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 9   The joint legislative audit and review committee shall make an independent assessment of the progress and compliance of the state hospitals with matters specified in section 1 of this act both six and eighteen months following the effective date of this section, and report its findings and recommendations to the legislature. The department of social and health services shall cooperate in a timely manner with requests for data related to this assessment.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 10   The Washington state institute for public policy shall study the benefit of standardizing protocols used for treatment to restore competency to stand trial in Washington and during what clinically appropriate time period said treatment may be expected to be effective and report to the legislature. The department of social and health services shall cooperate in a timely manner with data requests in service of this study.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 11   A new section is added to chapter 10.77 RCW to read as follows:
     A county may opt out of participation in the performance targets for the timeliness of services related to competency to stand trial under section 2 of this act by majority vote of the county legislative authority and service of a resolution to this effect upon the secretary. If this occurs, a court in said county which orders a competency evaluation under RCW 10.77.060 may choose to commit the defendant to a hospital or other secure mental health facility for up to fifteen days for the evaluation or direct that the evaluation be conducted in a jail, detention facility, or the community. The department shall complete referrals for services related to competency to stand trial that originate in such a county as swiftly as practicable after performance targets for referrals from participating counties have been met.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 12   This act is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety, or support of the state government and its existing public institutions, and takes effect May 1, 2012.