Washington State

House of Representatives

Office of Program Research

BILL

ANALYSIS

Environment Committee

HB 2400

This analysis was prepared by non-partisan legislative staff for the use of legislative members in their deliberations. This analysis is not a part of the legislation nor does it constitute a statement of legislative intent.

Background:

Under the state's solid waste management laws, jurisdictional health departments are the primary government entity responsible for implementing state solid waste management requirements, although the Department of Ecology (ECY) also has certain roles in overseeing the administration of solid waste management laws. Facilities that manage, generate, store, or otherwise handle solid wastes are required to obtain a solid waste permit from the local jurisdictional health department. The jurisdictional health department may charge reasonable fees associated with permit application review. Permits must be renewed every five years, and are evaluated by jurisdictional health departments for consistency with the local solid waste management plan. The issuance of solid waste permits by jurisdictional health departments is reviewed by the ECY. Certain storage, collection, and transportation standards apply to solid wastes temporarily stored at solid waste handling facilities, and jurisdictional health departments inspect permitted facilities at least once per year.

Solid waste rules adopted by the ECY treat industrial wastes as a type of solid waste, although certain materials are explicitly excluded from coverage under state solid waste laws, such as hazardous wastes subject to other state regulation, timber harvest residues, and mined rock materials being returned into a mine. Inert wastes, including glass and stainless steel, and solid wastes being recycled are exempt from the requirement to obtain a solid waste handling permit, so long as certain other management conditions for the materials are met. The ECY may adopt rules exempting categories of solid waste handling facilities that it determines to present little environmental risk and that meet environmental protection and performance standards that are required of other solid waste facilities. State solid waste management laws also establish a process by which an applicant can apply to the ECY for a beneficial use determination related to a substance that would otherwise be subject to solid waste regulations. If the ECY makes a beneficial use determination for a substance for a particular use, that substance is exempt from complying with the requirement to obtain a solid waste permit. However, the person responsible for the substance must continue to manage the solid waste consistent with conditions attached by the ECY to the beneficial use determination.

Steel is manufactured from raw materials including iron ore and coke, a product formed from the carbonization of coal at high temperatures in an oxygen-deficient environment. By contrast, steel produced from scrap metals typically uses an electric arc process, where batches of scrap steel, iron, and other metal materials are rendered molten through the application of electric current between electrodes in a furnace, often supplemented by inputs of combusted natural gas and oxygen. The resultant molten steel is then further refined through the addition of alloys, casted, and then finished. During the electric arc steelmaking processes, slag is the product of the oxidation of molten metallic compounds, such as calcium, iron, silicon, and manganese that are not incorporated into the steel product, as well as sulfur and phosphorus. Slag from steel production is sometimes used in various commercial applications, including in the manufacture of cement, concrete, glass, and other construction materials.