Background: B&O Tax. Washington's major business tax is the B&O tax. The B&O tax is imposed on the gross receipts of business activities conducted within the state, without any deduction for the costs of doing business. Businesses must pay the B&O tax even though the business may not have any profits or may be operating at a loss.

A taxpayer may have more than one B&O tax rate, depending on the types of activities conducted. Major B&O tax rates are 0.471 percent for retailing; 0.484 percent for manufacturing, wholesaling, and extracting; and 1.5 percent for services and for activities not classified elsewhere. Several preferential rates also apply to specific business activities.

In addition, there are other tax preferences, including credits and deductions, that a business may be eligible to utilize to reduce their tax liability. For example, a taxpayer engaging in activities subject to different B&O tax rates may be eligible for a Multiple Activities Tax Credit. A taxpayer may also be eligible for a small business credit that will either eliminate or reduce their B&O tax liability. In general, the credit is $70 per month for service businesses and $35 per month for all other businesses, multiplied by the number of months in the reporting period. The amount of the credit available phases out based on the business's gross receipts.

A business does not have to file an annual B&O tax return if the business does not owe other taxes or fees to the Department of Revenue and has annual gross proceeds of sales, gross income, or value of products for all B&O tax classifications of less than $28,000 per year, or less than $46,667 if at least 50 percent of its taxable income is from services or activities not classified elsewhere.

Public Utility Tax. The gross income derived from the operation of publicly and privately owned utilities is subject to the public utility tax (PUT). These utilities include businesses that engage in transportation, communications, and the supply of water and energy. The tax is imposed in lieu of the B&O tax and is applied only on sales to consumers. Other income of the utility, such as the retail sale of tangible personal property, is subject to the B&O tax.

There are six different PUT rates, depending on the specific utility activity. The rates are:

3.852 percent on telegraph companies, distribution of natural gas, and the collection of sewage;
3.8734 percent on the generation or distribution of electrical power;
0.642 percent on urban transportation and watercraft vessels under 65 feet in length;
1.926 percent on motor transportation, railroads, railroad car companies, and all other public service businesses;
5.029 percent on the distribution of water; and
1.3696 percent on log transportation.