AN ACT Relating to reducing light pollution associated with certain energy infrastructure; amending RCW 43.21B.110; adding a new section to chapter 43.21C RCW; adding a new chapter to Title 70A RCW; prescribing penalties; and declaring an emergency.

NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. The definitions in this section apply throughout this chapter unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

(c) The federal aviation administration has approved as meeting the requirements set forth in chapter 10 of the federal aviation administration's 2020 advisory circular AC 70/7460-1M, "Obstruction marking and lighting."

(4) "Utility-scale wind energy facility" means a facility used in the generation of electricity by means of turbines or other devices that capture and employ the kinetic energy of the wind and:

(a) Is required under federal aviation administration regulations, guidelines, circulars, or standards, as they existed as of January 1, 2023, to have obstruction lights; or

NEW SECTION. Sec. 2. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, an owner or operator of a utility-scale wind energy facility must operate with an aircraft detection lighting system to mitigate light pollution from the facility.

(2) The owner or operator of a utility-scale wind energy facility that is precluded from using an aircraft detection lighting system as a consequence of any requirement of federal law must mitigate light pollution from the facility through alternative means demonstrated to the department to be the best practicable light mitigation option for the facility.

(3)(a) The requirements of this section apply beginning January 1, 2027, to utility-scale wind energy facilities that have received site certification under chapter 80.50 RCW or all applicable land use, environmental, and building permits from state agencies and local governments prior to the effective date of this section.

(b) The requirements of this section apply, beginning on the effective date of this section, upon the completion of construction of a facility to all utility-scale wind energy facilities not specified in (a) of this subsection.

(4) Nothing in this section requires mitigation of light pollution to be carried out in a manner that conflicts with federal requirements, including requirements of the federal aviation administration.

NEW SECTION. Sec. 3. (1) A violation of the requirements of this chapter is punishable by a civil penalty of up to $5,000 per day per violation. Penalties are appealable to the pollution control hearings board.

(b) Enforcement of this chapter by the department must rely on notification and information exchange between the department and utility-scale wind energy facility owners or operators. The department must prepare and distribute information regarding this chapter to utility-scale wind energy facility owners and operators to help facility owners and operators in their advance planning to meet the deadlines.

(c)(i) If the department obtains information that a facility is not in compliance with the requirements of this chapter, the department may issue a notification letter by certified mail to the facility owner or operator and offer information or other appropriate assistance regarding compliance with this chapter. If compliance is not achieved within 60 days of the issuance of a notification letter under this subsection, the department may assess penalties under this section.

(ii) The department may delay any combination of the issuance of a notification letter under this subsection (2)(c), the 60-day period in which compliance with the requirements of this chapter must be achieved, or the imposition of penalties for good cause shown due to:

(d) A utility-scale wind energy facility owner or operator specified in section 2(3)(a) of this act that applies for the approval of an aircraft detection lighting system to the federal aviation administration prior to January 1, 2026, but that has not received a determination to approve the aircraft detection lighting system by the federal aviation administration as of July 1, 2026, may not be assessed a penalty under this chapter until at least six months after the federal aviation administration issues its determination on the application of the utility-scale wind energy facility's proposed aircraft detection lighting system.

(3) The department may adopt by rule a light mitigation standard that references a more recent version of any federal aviation regulation, guideline, circular, or standard referenced in section 1 of this act in order to maintain consistency between this chapter and federal aviation administration requirements.

(1) The hearings board shall only have jurisdiction to hear and decide appeals from the following decisions of the department, the director, local conservation districts, the air pollution control boards or authorities as established pursuant to chapter 70A.15 RCW, local health departments, the department of natural resources, the department of fish and wildlife, the parks and recreation commission, and authorized public entities described in chapter 79.100 RCW:

(c) Except as provided in RCW 90.03.210(2), the issuance, modification, or termination of any permit, certificate, or license by the department or any air authority in the exercise of its jurisdiction, including the issuance or termination of a waste disposal permit, the denial of an application for a waste disposal permit, the modification of the conditions or the terms of a waste disposal permit, or a decision to approve or deny an application for a solid waste permit exemption under RCW 70A.205.260.

(d) Decisions of local health departments regarding the grant or denial of solid waste permits pursuant to chapter 70A.205 RCW.

(e) Decisions of local health departments regarding the issuance and enforcement of permits to use or dispose of biosolids under RCW 70A.226.090.

(f) Decisions of the department regarding waste-derived fertilizer or micronutrient fertilizer under RCW 15.54.820, and decisions of the department regarding waste-derived soil amendments under RCW 70A.205.145.

(g) Decisions of local conservation districts related to the denial of approval or denial of certification of a dairy nutrient management plan; conditions contained in a plan; application of any dairy nutrient management practices, standards, methods, and technologies to a particular dairy farm; and failure to adhere to the plan review and approval timelines in RCW 90.64.026.

(h) Any other decision by the department or an air authority which pursuant to law must be decided as an adjudicative proceeding under chapter 34.05 RCW.

(i) Decisions of the department of natural resources, the department of fish and wildlife, and the department that are reviewable under chapter 76.09 RCW, and the department of natural resources' appeals of county, city, or town objections under RCW 76.09.050(7).

(k) Decisions of the department of fish and wildlife to issue, deny, condition, or modify a hydraulic project approval permit under chapter 77.55 RCW, to issue a stop work order, to issue a notice to comply, to issue a civil penalty, or to issue a notice of intent to disapprove applications.

(m) Decisions of an authorized public entity under RCW 79.100.010 to take temporary possession or custody of a vessel or to contest the amount of reimbursement owed that are reviewable by the hearings board under RCW 79.100.120.

(n) Decisions of the department of ecology that are appealable under RCW 70A.245.020 to set recycled minimum postconsumer content for covered products or to temporarily exclude types of covered products in plastic containers from minimum postconsumer recycled content requirements.

(3) Review of rules and regulations adopted by the hearings board shall be subject to review in accordance with the provisions of the administrative procedure act, chapter 34.05 RCW.

(1) Actions to mitigate light pollution at a utility-scale wind energy facility that has received site certification under chapter 80.50 RCW or all applicable land use, environmental, and building permits from state agencies and local governments prior to the effective date of this section, as required under section 2 of this act, are categorically exempt from the requirements of this chapter.

(2) For the purposes of this section, "utility-scale wind energy facility" has the same meaning as defined in section 1 of this act.

NEW SECTION. Sec. 7. If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected.

NEW SECTION. Sec. 8. This act is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety, or support of the state government and its existing public institutions, and takes effect immediately.