(1) Scope and application. This part sets forth requirements to protect all construction employees from the hazards associated with concrete and masonry construction operations performed in workplaces covered under chapter 296-155 WAC.

(2) Definitions applicable to this part.

Bull float. A tool used to spread out and smooth the concrete.

Competent person. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, who has authorization to take prompt corrective action to eliminate them.

Controlling contractor. A prime contractor, general contractor, construction manager, or any other legal entity that has the overall responsibility for the construction of the project, including planning, quality, and completion.

Dead load. A constant load, without load factors, due to the mass (weight) of members, the supported structure and permanent attachments or accessories.

Falsework. Formwork to support concrete and placing operations for supported slabs of concrete structures, including all supporting members, hardware, and bracing.

Formwork. The total system of support for freshly placed or partially cured concrete, including the mold or sheeting (form) that is in contact with the concrete as well as all supporting members including shores, reshores, hardware, braces, and related hardware.

Guy. A line that steadies a high piece or structure by pulling against an off-center load.

Jacking operation. The task of lifting a slab (or group of slabs) vertically from one location to another (e.g., from the casting location to a temporary (parked) location, or from a temporary location to another temporary location, or to its final location in the structure), during the construction of a building/structure where the lift-slab process is being used.

Lift slab. A method of concrete construction in which floor and roof slabs are cast on or at ground level and, using jacks, lifted into position.

Limited access zone. An area alongside a masonry wall, which is under construction, and which is clearly demarcated to limit access by employees.

Post-tensioning operations. A method of stressing reinforced concrete in which tendons running through the concrete are tensioned after the concrete has hardened.

Precast concrete. Concrete members (such as walls, panels, slabs, columns, and beams) which have been formed, cast, and cured prior to final placement in a structure.

Qualified. One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated their ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Reinforced concrete. A composite material in which the concrete provides the material's compressive strength, while the forcing in the form of additional embedded material provides the tensile strength and/or ductility.

Reinforcing ironworker. A worker primarily engaged in the hoisting, rigging, field fabrication, moving, and installation of reinforcing steel assemblies, members, post-tensioning cables, and related equipment. Reinforcing steel activities include, but are not limited to: Off-loading and material handling of reinforcing components; fabrication, preassembly, and placement of reinforcing steel columns, beams, joists, mats, welded wire mesh, and curtain-walls; and the placement of post-tensioning cables.

Reinforcing steel assemblies. Vertical and horizontal columns, caissons, walls, drilled piers, mats, and other similar structures. For purposes of this standard, reinforcing steel includes rods, bars, or mesh made from composite and/or other materials.

Reshoring. The construction operation in which shoring equipment (also called reshores or reshoring equipment) is placed, as the original forms and shores are removed, in order to support partially cured concrete and construction loads.

Shore. A supporting member that resists a compressive force imposed by a load.

Slip form. A form that is moved as concrete is placed and slides without being detached to form walls or other concrete structures.

Stressing jacks. Portable hydraulic devices that pull the tendons associated with post-tensioning concrete to create a permanent tension load.

Tendon. A metal element, usually of steel such as wire, stranded components (such as wires), bars or rods used in prestressing or post-tensioning concrete.

Vertical slip forms. Forms which are jacked vertically during the placement of concrete.

PDFWAC 296-155-675

Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this part.