(1) Introduction.

(a) This section provides tax reporting instructions for persons in the radio and television broadcasting industry. It explains the application of business and occupation (B&O) tax, retail sales tax, and use tax to the industry and provides an explanation of the various deductions available.

(b) For a discussion of the tax liabilities of subscriber television services, see WAC 458-20-227.

(c) For a discussion of the taxability of digital products, see WAC 458-20-15503.

(2) Definitions. For the purpose of this rule:

(a) "Broadcast" or "broadcasting" includes both radio and television commercial broadcasting stations unless it clearly appears from the context to refer only to radio or television.

(b) "Local advertising" means all broadcast advertising other than national, network, or regional advertising as herein defined.

(c) "National advertising" means broadcast advertising paid for by sponsors that supply goods or services on a national or international basis.

(d) "Network advertising" means broadcast advertising originated by national or regional broadcast networks from outside the state of Washington, the broadcast advertising being supplied by national or regional network broadcasting companies.

(e) "Regional advertising" means broadcast advertising paid for by sponsors that supply goods or services on a regional basis over two or more states.

(3) Business and occupation tax classifications. Persons in the radio and television broadcasting industry must report business and occupation (B&O) tax based on the B&O classification of their income, as follows:

(a) Radio and television broadcasting. Gross income from the sale of radio or television advertising is taxable under the radio and television broadcasting classification, subject to the deduction authorized under RCW 82.04.280 (1)(f)(i) or (ii). (See subsection (4)(b) of this section for more information on the deduction);

(b) Service and other activities. Gross income from personal or professional services not taxed under a different classification, such as gross income from producing and making custom commercials or custom-made programing, fees for providing writers, directors, artists, and technicians, and granting a license to use facilities (as distinct from the leasing or renting of tangible personal property, see WAC 458-20-211) is taxable under the service and other classification;

(c) Royalties. Gross income from charges to other broadcasters for granting the right to use intangible property (e.g., the right to use broadcast material) is taxable under the royalties classification;

(d) Retailing or wholesaling. Gross income from sales of tangible personal property to consumers, including gross proceeds from sales of films and tape produced for general distribution and from sales of copies of commercials, programs, films, etc., is taxable under the retailing classification even though the original was not subject to retail sales tax. Gross income from sales of tangible personal property to persons other than consumers is taxable under the wholesaling classification. Gross income from the sale of custom-made programs, commercials, films, etc., is taxable under the service and other activities classification; and

(e) Manufacturing. The value of programs, such as public affairs, religious, travelogues, and other general programming, which are distributed via tangible media to other broadcasters under a lease or contract granting a mere license to use, is taxable under the manufacturing classification. (For a discussion of the taxability of digital products transferred electronically, see WAC 458-20-15503.)  Manufacturing B&O tax does not apply to a recording made for the broadcaster's own use, including news, delayed programs, commercials and promotions, special and syndicated programming, and "entire day" programming.

(4) Deductions from gross income from advertising.

(a) Agency fees. It is a general trade practice in the broadcasting industry to make allowances to advertising agencies in the form of the deduction or exclusion of a certain percentage of the gross charge made for advertising ordered by the agency for the advertiser. This allowance is deductible as a discount in the computation of the broadcaster's tax liability in the event that the allowance is shown as a discount or price reduction in the billing or that the billing is on a net basis, i.e., less the discount.

(b) Gross receipts from national, network, and regional advertising. The broadcasting station may deduct actual gross receipts from national, network, and regional advertising, as included in the gross amount reported under radio and television broadcasting, either by using the "standard deduction" or by itemization of the individual broadcasting station's actual receipts.

(i) The "standard deduction" for gross receipts from national, network, and regional advertising as provided by RCW 82.04.280, is a percentage based on the national average of national, network, and regional advertising as reported by the United States Census Bureau's economic census. The standard deduction percentage must be published by the department by rule by September 30, 2020, and by September 30th of every fifth year thereafter. The standard deduction percentage as of September 30, 2020, is sixty-two percent.

(ii) As an alternative to using the standard deduction in (b)(i) of this subsection, a broadcasting station may opt to deduct gross receipts from national, network, and regional advertising on an by itemizing the actual receipts therefrom.

(c) Allocation of local advertising revenues. Revenues from local advertising may be allocated to remove from the tax base the gross income from advertising that is intended to reach potential customers of the advertiser who are located outside the state of Washington.

(i) Presumption. It will be presumed that the entire gross income of radio and television stations located within the state of Washington from local advertising is subject to tax unless the taxpayer submits proof to the department that some portion of such income is exempt according to the principles set forth herein and until a specific allocation formula has been approved by the department.

(ii) Method of allocation.

(A) When the total daytime listening area of a radio or television station extends beyond the boundaries of the state of Washington, the allowable deduction is that portion of revenue represented by the out-of-state audience computed as a ratio to the broadcasting station's total audience as measured by the .5 millivolt/meter signal strength contour for AM radio, the one millivolt/meter or sixty dBu signal strength contour for FM radio, the twenty-eight dBu signal strength contour for television channels two through six, the thirty-six dBu signal strength contour for television channels seven through thirteen, and the forty-one dBu signal strength contour for television channels fourteen through sixty-nine with delivery by wire, satellite, or any other means, if any. The out-of-state audience may therefore be determined by delivery "over the air" and by community antenna television systems. However, community antenna television audiences may not be claimed by a station in the same area in which it claims an audience served over the air, thus eliminating a claim for double exemption.

(B) The most current United States and Canadian census figures must be used to determine the in-state and out-of-state audience.

(C) In the event that community antenna television subscribers are claimed as part of the out-of-state audience, the name of the systems, the location, and the number of subscribers must be provided to the department upon request. The number of subscribers will be multiplied by a factor of 2.5, representing the average size household.

(D) Upon request by the department, the broadcasting station must submit documentation substantiating the computation of the out-of-state exclusion to the department, as directed.

(5) Retail sales tax.

(a) Purchases by broadcasters of equipment, supplies and materials for the broadcaster's own use and not for resale are subject to the retail sales tax. This includes purchases of raw or unprocessed film, magnetic tape, DVDs, and other transcription material.

(b) If the tapes, films, etc., upon which the sales tax has been paid are later sold by the broadcaster in the regular course of business, the provisions of WAC 458-20-102 concerning purchases for dual purposes will apply.

(c) The broadcaster must collect retail sales tax on sales to consumers of packaged films, programs, etc., produced for general distribution, including training and industrial films, and also on sales of copies of films, commercials, programs, etc., even though the original was not subjected to retail sales tax.

(6) Use tax.

(a) Acquisition or exercise of the right to broadcast material under a right or license granted by lease or contract is not the use of tangible personal property by the broadcaster and the use tax is not applicable.

(b) Broadcasters of radio and television programs are subject to use tax on the value of articles manufactured or produced by them for their own use (excluding custom produced commercials or special programs which include, but is not necessarily limited to, recordings of news, delayed programs, commercials and promotions, special and syndicated programming, and "entire day" programming) and on the use of tangible personal property purchased or acquired under conditions whereby the retail sales tax has not been paid. The broadcaster is liable for use tax on the value (cost of production) of programming when the broadcaster sells merely the right to broadcast such material under a right or license granted by lease or contract.