(1) Applicability.
(a) The requirements of subsections (3), (4), (7), (8), (9), and (10) of this section, apply to owners and operators of all dangerous waste facilities, except as provided otherwise in this section.
(b) The requirements of subsections (5) and (6) of this section apply to owners and operators of:
(i) Dangerous waste disposal facilities;
(ii) Tank systems that are required under WAC
173-303-640(8) to meet the requirements of landfills;
(iii) Miscellaneous units as specified in WAC
173-303-680(4);
(iv) Waste piles and surface impoundments to the extent that WAC
173-303-650 and
173-303-660, respectively, require that such facilities comply with this section; and
(v) Containment buildings that are required under WAC
173-303-695 to meet the requirements for landfills.
(c) States and the federal government are exempt from the requirements of this section.
(i) Operators of state or federally owned facilities are exempt from the requirements of this section, except subsections (3) and (5) of this section.
(ii) Operators of facilities that are not state or federally owned must meet all of the requirements of this section, even if the facility is leased by or otherwise under contract with the state or federal government.
(d) The director may, in an enforceable document, replace all or part of the requirements of this section with alternative requirements for financial assurance when they:
(i) Apply alternative requirements for groundwater monitoring, closure or post-closure under WAC
173-303-610 (1)(e) or
173-303-645 (1)(f); and
(ii) Determine that it is not necessary to apply the requirements of this section because the alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment.
(e) Except as provided in (c) of this subsection, the requirements of subsections (3), (4), (8), (9) and (10) of this section apply to owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities and processors/rerefiners of used oil, except the term "recycling unit" will replace the terms "dangerous waste management unit" or "regulated unit."
(i) If the closure plan for an off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility has not been approved by the department within one year of submittal to the department, the department may determine the closure cost estimate and direct the facility to establish financial assurance in that amount. Note that the schedule for partially funded trust funds for existing facilities of WAC 173-303-620 (4)(c)(i) may apply.
(ii) Relationship to closure cost estimates and financial responsibility for permitted facilities. A facility owner/operator that is subject to closure cost estimating and financial responsibility requirements for dangerous waste management units and recycling unit may choose to consolidate those requirements into a single mechanism for submittal to the department.
(2) Definitions. As used in this section, the following listed or referenced terms have the meanings given below:
(a) "Closure plan" means the plan for closure prepared in accordance with the requirements of WAC
173-303-610(3), or for off-site recycling or used oil processing facilities prepared in accordance with WAC
173-303-610(12);
(b) "Current closure cost estimate" means the most recent of the estimates prepared in accordance with subsection (3) of this section;
(c) "Current post-closure cost estimate" means the most recent of the estimates prepared in accordance with subsection (5) of this section;
(d) "Parent corporation" means a corporation which directly owns at least fifty percent of the voting stock of the corporation which is the facility owner or operator; the latter corporation is deemed a "subsidiary" of the parent corporation;
(e) "Post-closure plan" means the plan for post-closure care prepared in accordance with the requirements of WAC
173-303-610 (7), (8), (9), and (10);
(f) "Regional administrator" means the department;
(g) "Hazardous waste" means dangerous waste; and
(h) The additional terms listed and defined in 40 C.F.R. 264.141 (f), (g), and (h) are incorporated by reference.
(3) Cost estimate for facility closure.
(a) The owner or operator must have a detailed written estimate, in current dollars, of the cost of closing the facility in accordance with the requirements in WAC
173-303-610 (2) through (6), and applicable closure requirements in WAC
173-303-630(10),
173-303-640(5),
173-303-650(6),
173-303-655(8),
173-303-660(9),
173-303-665(6),
173-303-670(8),
173-303-680 (2) through (4) and
173-303-695. The closure cost estimate:
(i) Must equal the cost of closure at the point in the facility's operating life when the extent and manner of its operation would make closure the most expensive, as indicated by its closure plan (see WAC
173-303-610 (3)(a));
(ii) Must be based on the costs to the owner or operator of hiring a third party to close the facility. A third party is a party who is neither a parent nor a subsidiary of the owner or operator. On a case-by-case basis, the department may determine that a party that shares common ownership, a common parent corporation, or other higher-tier corporate ownership, may not qualify as a third party. (See definition of parent corporation in subsection (2)(d) of this section.) The owner or operator may use costs for on-site disposal if the guarantor can demonstrate that on-site disposal capacity will exist at all times over the life of the facility;
(iii) May not incorporate any salvage value that may be realized with the sale of dangerous wastes, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC
173-303-610 (4)(d), facility structures or equipment, land, or other assets associated with the facility at the time of partial or final closure;
Except that, off-site recyclers subject to WAC
173-303-120 (3) or (4), or off-site used oil processors subject to WAC
173-303-515(9) may exclude the estimated value for certain types of recyclable materials from the estimated cost of closing a recycling unit. This exclusion may include dangerous wastes or used oil held in tanks or containers that are dedicated solely to the management of recyclable materials that will require only incidental processing prior to producing a product that may be sold to the general public. Incidental processing may include simple screening or filtering to remove minor amounts of foreign material or removal of less than five percent water by volume;
(iv) May not incorporate a zero cost for dangerous wastes, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC
173-303-610 (4)(d), that might have economic value; and
(v) May not be reduced for "net present value," "present discounted value," or other adjustments.
(b) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must revise the closure cost estimate no later than thirty days after the department has approved the request to modify the closure plan, if the change in the closure plan increases the cost of closure. The revised closure cost estimate must be adjusted for inflation as specified in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection.
(c) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must adjust the closure cost estimate for inflation within sixty days prior to the anniversary date of the establishment of the financial instrument(s) used to comply with this section. For owners and operators using the financial test or corporate guarantee, the closure cost estimate must be updated for inflation within thirty days after the close of the firm's fiscal year and before submission of updated information to the department as specified in subsection (4) of this section. The adjustment may be made by recalculating the maximum costs of closure in current dollars, or by using an inflation factor derived from the most recent Implicit Price Deflator for Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product as published by the United States Department of Commerce in its survey of current business. The inflation factor is the result of dividing the latest published annual deflator by the deflator for the previous year.
(i) The first adjustment is made by multiplying the closure cost estimate by the inflation factor. The result is the adjusted closure cost estimate.
(ii) Subsequent adjustments are made by multiplying the latest adjusted closure cost estimate by the latest inflation factor.
(d) During the operating life of the facility, the owner or operator must keep at the facility the latest closure cost estimate prepared in accordance with (a) and (b) of this subsection, and, when this estimate has been adjusted in accordance with (c) of this subsection, the latest adjusted closure cost estimate.
(4) Financial assurance for facility closure.
(a) An owner or operator of a TSD, or off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility must establish financial assurance for closure of the facility. The owner or operator must choose from the following options or combination of options:
(i) Closure trust fund;
(ii) Surety bond guaranteeing payment into a closure trust fund;
(iii) Surety bond guaranteeing performance of closure;
(iv) Closure letter of credit;
(v) Closure insurance; or
(vi) Financial test and/or corporate guarantee for closure.
(b) In satisfying the requirements of financial assurance for facility closure in this subsection, the owner or operator must meet all the requirements for the mechanisms listed above as set forth in 40 C.F.R. 264.143 which are incorporated by reference. If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state.
(c) An owner or operator of an off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility may also meet the requirements of this subsection through the use of an assigned security deposit held in a Washington state bank. This mechanism is not available to an owner or operator of a TSD.
(i) The department will establish minimum standards for the assigned security deposit mechanism. These standards will include, but are not limited to, the language to be used in the assignment form. Copies of the assignment forms will be available from the department.
(ii) The department is not required to accept an assigned security deposit that does not meet the established minimum standards.
(d) 40 C.F.R. 264.143 is modified by the following requirements:
(i) Partially funded trust funds of 264.143 (a)(3) may not be accepted as a mechanism for a closure trust fund for TSDs. Owners and operators of existing used oil and recycling units that become subject to this section may establish a partially funded closure trust fund with a pay-in period of five years. The fund must be fully funded no later than five years (and the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth payments due no later than one, two, three, four, and five year(s) respectively) after the date of the department's approval of the closure plan under WAC
173-303-610 (12)(b);
(ii) Insurance companies providing closure coverage must have a current rating of financial strength of:
(A) AAA, AA+, AA, AA-, A+, A as rated by Standard and Poor's;
(B) Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2 as rated by Moody's; or
(C) A++, A+, A, A-, B++, B+ as rated by A.M. Best;
(iii) Ecology must be named as secondary beneficiary on an insurance policy;
(iv) Facility owners/operators and corporate guarantors requesting the use of the financial test or corporate guarantee must meet a minimum tangible net worth criterion of twenty-five million dollars;
(v) Facility owners/operators and corporate guarantors requesting the use of the financial test or corporate guarantee are not required to submit a "negative assurance" report, such as the one detailed in 40 C.F.R. 264.143 (f)(3)(iii). A financial test or corporate guarantee submission must instead include a CPA report based on an "Agreed Upon Procedures" engagement that complies with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' "Statement on Auditing Standards No. 75, Engagements to apply Agreed-Upon Procedures to Specific Elements, Accounts or Items of a Financial Statement" or any subsequent equivalent document from AICPA. This report must describe the procedures performed and related findings, including whether or not there were discrepancies found in the comparison.
(e) Owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities regulated under WAC
173-303-120 (3) or (4), or used oil processing/rerefining facilities regulated under WAC
173-303-515(9), must demonstrate financial assurance for closure of the facility or recycling units. In addition to the requirements of 40 C.F.R. 264.143, as amended by this subsection, the financial assurance must meet the following requirements:
(i) For existing facilities choosing a surety bond guaranteeing payment, surety bond guaranteeing performance, letter of credit, insurance, financial test, corporate guarantee, or assigned security deposit, the mechanism must be established within thirty-six months of the effective date of this section;
(ii) Owners and operators of existing facilities choosing a partially funded trust fund mechanism must establish a fully funded trust fund within sixty months of approval of the closure plan by the department (see (c)(i) of this subsection);
(iii) For new facilities, financial assurance must be established and submitted to the department at least sixty days prior to the acceptance of the first shipment of wastes.
(f) Owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities regulated under WAC
173-303-120 (3) or (4), or used oil processing/rerefining facilities regulated under WAC
173-303-515(9) may request an alternative mechanism for financing the closure of recycling units that is determined by the department to be equivalent to one of the methods listed in (a) of this subsection. This may include any alternative mechanism as may be established through action by the Washington state legislature. An assigned security deposit that meets the department's standards is an equivalent alternative mechanism within the meaning of this section.
(g) The amount of financial assurance for closure must not be less than the facility's current closure cost estimate. Financial assurance amounts, regardless of mechanism, may not be reduced for "net present value," "present discounted value," or other adjustments.
(5) Cost estimate for post-closure monitoring and maintenance.
(a) The owner or operator of a facility subject to post-closure monitoring or maintenance requirements must have a detailed written estimate, in current dollars, of the annual cost of post-closure monitoring and maintenance of the facility in accordance with the applicable post-closure regulations in WAC
173-303-610 (7) through (10),
173-303-650(6),
173-303-655(8),
173-303-660(9),
173-303-665(6), and
173-303-680(4). The post-closure cost estimate must be based on the costs to the owner or operator of hiring a third party to conduct post-closure care activities. A third party is a party who is neither a parent nor a subsidiary of the owner or operator. On a case-by-case basis, the department may determine that a party that shares common ownership, a common parent corporation, or other higher-tier corporate ownership may not qualify as a third party. (See definition of parent corporation in subsection (2)(d) of this section.) The post-closure cost estimate is calculated by multiplying the annual post-closure cost estimate by the number of years of post-closure care required by WAC
173-303-610.
(b) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must revise the post-closure cost estimate within thirty days after the department has approved the request to modify the post-closure plan, if the change in the post-closure plan increases the cost of post-closure care. The revised post-closure cost estimate must be adjusted for inflation as specified in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection.
(c) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must adjust the post-closure cost estimate for inflation within sixty days prior to the anniversary date of the establishment of the financial instrument(s) used to comply with subsection (6) of this section. For owners or operators using the financial test or corporate guarantee, the post-closure cost estimate must be updated for inflation within thirty days after the close of the firm's fiscal year and before the submission of updated information to the department as specified in subsection (6) of this section. The adjustment may be made by recalculating the post-closure cost estimate in current dollars or by using an inflation factor derived from the most recent Implicit Price Deflator for Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product as published by the United States Department of Commerce in its Survey of Current Business. The inflation factor is the result of dividing the latest published annual deflator by the deflator for the previous year.
(i) The first adjustment is made by multiplying the post-closure cost estimate by the inflation factor. The result is the adjusted post-closure cost estimate.
(ii) Subsequent adjustments are made by multiplying the latest adjusted post-closure cost estimate by the latest inflation factor.
(d) During the operating life of the facility, the owner or operator must keep at the facility the latest post-closure cost estimate prepared in accordance with (a) and (b) of this subsection, and, when this estimate has been adjusted in accordance with (c) of this subsection, the latest adjusted post-closure cost estimate.
(6) Financial assurance for post-closure monitoring and maintenance.
(a) An owner or operator of a facility subject to post-closure monitoring or maintenance requirements must establish financial assurance for post-closure care in accordance with the approved post-closure care plan. The owner or operator must choose from the following options or combination of options:
(i) Post-closure trust fund, except that the use of partially funded trust funds, as provided in 40 C.F.R. 264.145(a), will not be allowed by the department;
(ii) Surety bond guaranteeing payment into a post-closure trust fund;
(iii) Surety bond guaranteeing performance of post-closure care;
(iv) Post-closure letter of credit;
(v) Post-closure insurance; however, financial or insurance institutions providing such insurance must have a current rating of financial strength of:
(A) AAA, AA+, AA, AA-, A+, A as rated by Standard and Poor's;
(B) Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2 as rated by Moody's; or
(C) A++, A+, A, A-, B++, B+ as rated by A.M. Best; or
(vi) Financial test and/or corporate guarantee for post-closure care, except that the criterion for minimum tangible net worth in 40 C.F.R. 264.145(f) must be in an amount of at least twenty-five million dollars;
(vii) Facility owners/operators and corporate guarantors requesting the use of the financial test or corporate guarantee are not required to submit a "negative assurance" report, such as the one detailed in 40 C.F.R. 264.145 (f)(3)(iii). A financial test or corporate guarantee submission must instead include a CPA report based on an "Agreed Upon Procedures" engagement that complies with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' "Statement on Auditing Standards No. 75, Engagements to apply Agreed-Upon Procedures to Specific Elements, Accounts or Items of a Financial Statement" or any subsequent equivalent document from AICPA. This report must describe the procedures performed and related findings, including whether or not there were discrepancies found in the comparison.
(b) In satisfying the requirements of financial assurance for facility post-closure care in this subsection, the owner or operator must meet all the requirements set forth in 40 C.F.R. 264.145 which are incorporated by reference. If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state.
(c) The amount of financial assurance for post-closure must not be less than the facility's current post-closure cost estimate. Financial assurance amounts, regardless of mechanism, may not be reduced for "net present value," "present discounted value," or other adjustments.
(7) Use of a mechanism for financial assurance of both closure and post-closure care. An owner or operator may satisfy the requirements for financial assurance for both closure and post-closure care for one or more facilities by using a trust fund, surety bond, letter of credit, insurance, financial test, or corporate guarantee that meets the specifications for the mechanism in both 40 C.F.R. 264.143 and 264.145 which are incorporated by reference. The amount of funds available through the mechanism must be no less than the sum of funds that would be available if a separate mechanism had been established and maintained for financial assurance of closure and of post-closure care.
(8) Liability requirements.
(a) An owner or operator of a TSD facility, off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility, or a group of such facilities must demonstrate financial responsibility for bodily injury and property damages to third parties caused by sudden accidental occurrences arising from operations of the facility or group of facilities. The owner or operator must meet the requirements of 40 C.F.R. 264.147(a), which is incorporated by reference, with the following additional requirements:
(i) The owner or operator must have and maintain liability coverage for sudden accidental occurrences in the amount of at least two million dollars per occurrence with an annual aggregate of at least four million dollars, exclusive of legal defense costs. For facilities that meet the criteria listed in 40 C.F.R. 264.147(b), the owner or operator must have and maintain liability coverage for nonsudden accidental occurrences in the amount of five million dollars per occurrence with an annual aggregate of ten million dollars, exclusive of legal defense costs.
(ii) Insurance companies providing liability coverage must have a current rating of financial strength of:
(A) AAA, AA+, AA, AA-, A+, A as rated by Standard and Poor's;
(B) Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2 as rated by Moody's; or
(C) A++, A+, A, A-, B++, B+ as rated by A.M. Best;
(iii) The department may file claims against liability insurance when contamination occurs as a result of releases or discharges of dangerous wastes or used oil from recycling units subject to regulation under this section to waters of the state as defined under chapter
90.48 RCW;
(iv) Facility owners/operators and corporate guarantors requesting the use of the financial test and corporate guarantee must meet a minimum tangible net worth criterion of twenty-five million dollars.
(b) An owner or operator of a facility with a regulated unit or units (as defined in WAC
173-303-040) or a disposal miscellaneous unit or units used to manage dangerous waste or a group of such facilities must demonstrate financial responsibility for bodily injury and property damage to third parties caused by nonsudden accidental occurrences arising from operations of the facility or group of facilities. The owner or operator must meet the requirements of 40 C.F.R. 264.147(b), 264.147 (f), (g), (h), (i), and (j) which are incorporated by reference.
(c) Request for variance. If an owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the levels of financial responsibility required by (a) or (b) of this subsection are not consistent with the degree and duration of risk associated with treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility or group of facilities, the owner or operator may obtain a variance from the department. The request for a variance must be submitted to the department as part of the application under WAC
173-303-806(4) for a facility that does not have a permit, or pursuant to the procedures for permit modification under WAC
173-303-830 for a facility that has a permit. If granted, the variance will take the form of an adjusted level of required liability coverage, such level to be based on the department's assessment of the degree and duration of risk associated with the ownership or operation of the facility or group of facilities. The department may require an owner or operator who requests a variance to provide such technical and engineering information as is deemed necessary by the department to determine a level of financial responsibility other than that required by (a) or (b) of this subsection. Any request for a variance for a permitted facility will be treated as a request for a permit modification under WAC
173-303-830.
(d) Adjustments by the department. If the department determines that the levels of financial responsibility required by (a) or (b) of this subsection are not consistent with the degree and duration of risk associated with treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility or group of facilities, the department may adjust the level of financial responsibility required under (a) or (b) of this subsection as may be necessary to protect human health and the environment. This adjusted level will be based on the department's assessment of the degree and duration of risk associated with the ownership or operation of the facility or group of facilities. In addition, if the department determines that there is a significant risk to human health and the environment from nonsudden accidental occurrences resulting from the operations of a facility that has no regulated units (as defined in WAC
173-303-040), it may require that the owner or operator of the facility comply with (b) of this subsection. An owner or operator must furnish to the department within a reasonable time, any information which the department requests to determine whether cause exists for such adjustments of level or type of coverage. Any adjustments of level or type of coverage for a facility that has a permit will be treated as a permit modification under WAC
173-303-830.
(e) Period of coverage. An owner or operator must continuously provide liability coverage for a facility as required by this subsection until certifications of closure of the facility, as specified in WAC
173-303-610(6), are received by the department.
(f) The following subsections are incorporated by reference: 40 C.F.R. section 264.147(f), Financial test for liability coverage, (g) Guarantee for liability coverage, (h) Letter of credit for liability coverage, (i) Surety bond for liability coverage, and (j) Trust fund for liability coverage.
(9) Incapacity of owners or operators, guarantor or financial institutions.
(a) An owner or operator must notify the department by certified mail of the commencement of a voluntary or involuntary proceeding under Title 11 (Bankruptcy), United States Code, naming the owner or operator as debtor, within ten days after commencement of the proceeding. A guarantor of a corporate guarantee as specified in 40 C.F.R. 264.143(f) and 264.145(f) must make such a notification if the guarantor is named as debtor, as required under the terms of the corporate guarantee (40 C.F.R. 264.151(h)).
(b) An owner or operator who fulfills the requirements of 40 C.F.R. 264.143, 264.145, or 264.147 (a) or (b) by obtaining a trust fund, surety bond, letter of credit, or insurance policy will be deemed to be without the required financial assurance or liability coverage in the event of bankruptcy of the trustee or issuing institution, or a suspension or revocation of the authority of the trustee institution to act as trustee or of the institution issuing the surety bond, letter of credit, or insurance policy to issue such instruments. The owner or operator must establish other financial assurance or liability coverage within sixty days after such an event.
(10) Wording of the instruments. The financial instruments required by this section must contain the wording specified by 40 C.F.R. 264.151 which is incorporated by reference, except that:
(a) The words "regional administrator" and "environmental protection agency" must be replaced with the words Washington state department of ecology;
(b) The words "hazardous waste" must be replaced with the words "dangerous waste";
(c) Any other words specified by the department must be changed as necessary to assure financial responsibility of the facility in accordance with the requirements of this section; and
(d) Whenever 40 C.F.R. 264.151 requires that owners and operators notify several regional administrators of their financial obligations, the owner or operator must notify both the department and all regional administrators of regions that are affected by the owner or operator's financial assurance mechanisms.
Copies of the financial instruments with the appropriate word changes will be available from the department by June 30, 1984.
(11) Financial assurance requirements for corrective action sites are detailed in WAC
173-303-64620(5).