To demonstrate compliance with this chapter, refer to WAC
173-400-105.
(1) Petroleum refineries.
This chapter shall apply to all petroleum refineries with a crude oil or feed stock capacity greater than one million four hundred thirty thousand liters (9,000 bbl) per day.
(a) Vacuum producing system.
(i) Noncondensable VOC from vacuum producing systems shall be piped to an appropriate firebox, incinerator or to a closed refinery system.
(ii) Hot wells associated with contact condensers shall be tightly covered and the collected VOC introduced into a closed refinery system.
(b) Wastewater separator.
(i) Wastewater separator forebays shall incorporate a floating pontoon or fixed solid cover with all openings sealed, totally enclosing the compartmented liquid contents, or a floating pontoon or a double deck-type cover equipped with closure seals between the cover edge and compartment wall.
(ii) Accesses for gauging and sampling shall be designed to minimize VOC emissions during actual use. All access points shall be closed with suitable covers when not in use.
(c) Process unit turnaround.
(i) The VOC contained in a process unit to be depressurized for turnaround shall be introduced to a closed refinery system, combusted by a flare, or vented to a disposal system.
(ii) The pressure in a process unit following depressurization for turnaround shall be less than five psig before venting to the ambient air.
(iii) Venting or depressurization to the ambient air of a process unit for turnaround at a pressure greater than five psig shall be allowed if the owner demonstrates the actual emission of VOC to the ambient air is less than permitted by WAC 173-490-040 (1)(c)(ii).
(d) Maintenance and operation of emission control equipment. Equipment for the reduction, collection or disposal of VOC shall be maintained and operated in a manner consistent with the level of maintenance and housekeeping of the overall plant.
(2) Petroleum liquid storage tanks.
(a) All fixed-roof tanks (except as noted in subparagraph (d) of this subsection) storing volatile organic petroleum liquids with a true vapor pressure as stored greater than 78 mm of Hg (1.5 psi) at actual monthly average storage temperatures and having a capacity greater than one hundred fifty thousand liters (40,000 gallons) shall comply with one of the following:
(i) Meet the equipment specifications and maintenance requirements of the federal standards of performance for new stationary sources - Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 C.F.R. 60, subpart K); or
(ii) Be retrofitted with a floating roof or internal floating cover using a metallic seal or a nonmetallic resilient seal at least meeting the equipment specifications of the federal standards referred to in WAC 173-490-040 (2)(a)(i) or its equivalent; or
(iii) Be fitted with a floating roof or internal floating cover meeting the manufacturer's specifications in effect when installed.
(b) All seals used in WAC 173-490-040 (2)(a)(ii) and (iii) are to be maintained in good operating condition and the seal fabric shall contain no visible holes, tears or other openings.
(c) All openings not related to safety are to be sealed with suitable closures.
(d) Tanks used for the storage of gasoline in bulk gasoline plants and equipped with vapor balance systems as required in WAC 173-490-040 (4)(b) shall be exempt from the requirements of WAC 173-490-040(2).
(3) Gasoline loading terminals.
(a) This chapter shall apply to all gasoline loading terminals with an average annual daily gasoline throughput greater than seventy-five thousand liters (20,000 gallons).
(b) Loading facilities. Facilities for the purpose of loading gasoline into any transport tank shall be equipped with a vapor recovery system (VRS) as described in WAC 173-490-040 (3)(c) and comply with the following conditions:
(i) The loading facility shall employ submerged or bottom loading for all transport tanks.
(ii) The VRS shall be connected to the transport tank being loaded and shall operate during the entire loading of every transport tank loaded at the facility.
(iii) The loading of all transport tanks shall be performed such that ninety percent by weight of the gasoline vapors displaced during filling are prevented from being released to the ambient air. Emissions from pressure relief valves shall not be included in the controlled emissions when the back pressure in the VRS collection lines is lower than the relief pressure setting of the transport tank's relief valves.
(iv) All loading lines and vapor lines shall be equipped to close automatically upon disconnect. The point of closure shall be on the tank side of any hose or intermediate connecting line.
(c) Vapor recovery system (VRS). The VRS shall be designed and built according to accepted industrial practices and meet the following conditions:
(i) The VRS shall prevent at least ninety percent by weight of the gasoline vapors displaced during loading of each transport tank from entering the ambient air and in no case shall the gasoline vapors emitted to the ambient air exceed eighty milligrams per liter of gasoline loaded.
(ii) The VRS shall be equipped with a signal device to alert personnel when the system is not operating or unintentionally shuts down.
(iii) The back pressure in the VRS collection lines shall not exceed the transport tank's pressure relief settings.
(d) Alternative loading facility. The loading of transport tanks by other means and using other vapor control systems shall require the facility owner to demonstrate that the emission of gasoline vapors to the ambient air is less than eighty milligrams per liter of gasoline loaded.
(4) Bulk gasoline plants.
(a) This chapter shall apply to all bulk gasoline plants with an annual average daily gasoline throughput greater than fifteen thousand liters (4,000 gallons).
(b) Storage tanks. All storage tanks with a capacity greater than two thousand one hundred liters (550 gallons) and used for the storage of gasoline shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) Each storage tank shall be equipped with a submerged fill line.
(ii) Each storage tank shall be equipped for vapor balancing of gasoline vapors with transport tanks during gasoline transfer operations.
(iii) The vapor line fittings on the storage tank side of break points with the transport tank vapor connection pipe or hose shall be equipped to close automatically upon planned or unintentional disconnect.
(iv) The pressure relief valves on storage tanks shall be set at the highest possible pressure consistent with local and state codes for fire and safety.
(c) Transport tanks. All transport tanks, except those meeting the conditions in WAC 173-490-040 (4)(d), transferring gasoline with storage tanks in a bulk gasoline plant shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The transport tank shall be equipped with the proper attachment fittings to make vapor tight connections for vapor balancing with storage tanks.
(ii) The vapor line fittings on the transport tank side of break points with the storage tank connection pipe or hose shall be equipped to close automatically upon planned or unintentional disconnect.
(iii) The pressure relief valves on transport tanks shall be set at the highest possible pressure consistent with local and state codes for fire and safety.
(d) Transport tanks used for gasoline and meeting all of the following conditions shall be exempt from the requirement to be equipped with any attachment fitting for vapor balance lines:
(i) The transport tank is used exclusively for the delivery of gasoline into storage tanks of a facility exempt from the vapor balance requirements of WAC 173-490-040(5); and
(ii) The transport tank has a total capacity less than fifteen thousand liters (4,000 gallons) and is of a compartmented design and construction requiring the installation of four or more separate vapor balance fittings.
(e) Gasoline transfer operations. No owner or operator of a bulk gasoline plant or transport tank shall allow the transfer of gasoline between a transport tank and a storage tank except under the following conditions:
(i) All tanks shall be submerged filled or bottom loaded.
(ii) The loading of all tanks, except those exempted under WAC 173-490-040 (4)(d) shall be performed such that ninety percent by weight of the gasoline vapors displaced during filling are prevented from being released into the ambient air. Emissions from pressure relief valves shall not be included in the controlled emissions.
(f) Equipment or system failures. Failures or leaks in the vapor balance system shall be limited by the following conditions:
(i) During the months of April, May, June, July, August, September and October, failures of the vapor balance system to comply with this chapter shall require that gasoline transfer operations stop for the failed part of the system. Other transfer points that can operate in compliance may be used.
(ii) Loading or unloading of the transport tank connected to the failed part of the vapor balance system may be completed.
(iii) Breakdowns and upset conditions during all months of the year shall also comply with the provisions of WAC
173-400-105(5).
(g) The owner or operator of a bulk gasoline plant or transport tank shall take all reasonable necessary measures to prevent the spilling, discarding in sewers, storing in open containers or handling of gasoline in a manner on the plant site that will result in evaporation to the ambient air.
(5) Gasoline dispensing facilities (Stage I).
(a) This chapter shall apply to all gasoline dispensing facilities with a total annual gasoline output greater than seven hundred fifty-seven thousand liters (200,000 gallons) or sixty-three thousand one hundred liters (16,670 gallons) per month and total gasoline storage capacity greater than thirty-eight thousand liters (10,000 gallons).
(b) All gasoline storage tanks of the facilities defined in WAC 173-490-040 (5)(a) shall be equipped with submerged or bottom fill lines and fittings for vapor balancing gasoline vapors with the delivery transport tank.
(c) Gasoline storage tanks with offset fill lines shall be exempt from the requirement of WAC 173-490-040 (5)(b) if installed prior to January 1, 1979.
(d) The vapor balance system (for the purpose of measuring compliance with the emission control efficiency) shall consist of the transport tank, gasoline vapor transfer lines, storage tank and all tank vents. The vapor balance system shall prevent at least ninety percent of the displaced gasoline vapors from entering the ambient air. A vapor balance system that is designed, built and operated according to accepted industrial practices will satisfy this requirement.
(e) The owner or operator of a gasoline dispensing facility shall not permit the loading of gasoline into a storage tank equipped with vapor balance fittings unless the vapor balance system is attached to the transport tank and operated satisfactorily.
(6) Surface coaters.
The operation of a coater and dryer, that may serve one or more process lines, shall comply with the following emission limits if the potential uncontrolled emissions of VOC from the coater, flashoff areas, and dryer would be greater than 18 kg (40 pounds) in any given twenty-four hour period. The emission limits and uncontrolled emission quantity shall include the additional quantity of emissions from the dryer during the twelve hour period after application of the coating.
Process Can Coating | Limitation Grams/Liter of Coating (Excluding Water) | lb/Gal.of Coating (Excluding Water) |
Sheet basecoat and overvarnish; two-piece can exterior | 340 | 2.8 |
Two and three piece can interior body spray, two piece can exterior end | 510 | 4.2 |
Side-seam spray | 660 | 5.5 |
End sealing compound | 440 | 3.7 |
Coil coating | 310 | 2.6 |
Fabric coating | 350 | 2.9 |
Vinyl coating | 450 | 3.8 |
Paper coating | 350 | 2.9 |
Auto and light duty truck coating | |
Prime | 230 | 1.9 |
Topcoat | 340 | 2.8 |
Repair | 580 | 4.8 |
Metal furniture coating | 360 | 3.0 |
Magnet wire coating | 200 | 1.7 |
Large appliance coating | 340 | 2.8 |
(7) Open top vapor degreasers.
(a) All open top vapor degreasers shall:
(i) Have a cover that may be readily opened and closed. When a degreaser is equipped with a lip exhaust, the cover shall be located below the lip exhaust. When a degreaser has a freeboard ratio equal to or greater than 0.75 and the opening is greater than one square meter (10 square feet) the cover shall be power operated.
(ii) Have one of the following:
(A) A freeboard ratio equal to or greater than 0.75; or
(B) A freeboard chiller; or
(C) A closed design such that the cover opens only when the part enters or exits the degreaser.
(iii) Be equipped with at least the following three safety switches:
(A) Condenser-flow switch and thermostat (shuts off sump heat if coolant is either not circulating or too warm); and
(B) Spray safety switch (shuts off spray pump if the vapor level drops excessively; and
(C) Vapor level control thermostat (shuts off sump heat when vapor level rises too high).
(iv) Post a permanent and conspicuous pictograph or instructions clearly explaining the following work practices:
(A) Do not degrease porous or absorbent materials such as cloth, leather, wood or rope.
(B) The cover of the degreaser should be closed at all times except when processing workloads.
(C) When the cover is open the lip of the degreaser should not be exposed to steady drafts greater than 15.3 meters per minute (50 feet per minute).
(D) Rack parts so as to facilitate solvent drainage from the parts.
(E) Workloads should not occupy more than one-half of the vapor-air interface area.
(F) When using a powered hoist, the vertical speed of parts in and out of the vapor zone should be less than 3.35 meters per minute (11 feet per minute).
(G) Degrease the workload in the vapor zone until condensation ceases.
(H) Spraying operations should be done within the vapor layer.
(I) Hold parts in the degreaser until visually dry.
(J) When equipped with a lip exhaust, the fan should be turned off when the cover is closed.
(K) The condenser water shall be turned on before the sump heater when starting up a cold vapor degreaser. The sump heater shall be turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to collapse before closing the condenser water when shutting down a hot vapor degreaser.
(L) Water shall not be visible in the solvent stream from the water separator.
(b) A routine inspection and maintenance program shall be implemented for the purpose of preventing and correcting solvent losses. For example, leaks from drain taps, cracked gaskets, and malfunctioning equipment must be repaired immediately.
(c) Sump drainage and transfer of hot or warm solvent shall be carried out using threaded or other leakproof couplings.
(d) Still and sump bottoms shall be kept in closed containers.
(e) Waste solvent shall be stored in covered containers and returned to the supplier or to a firm which processes solvents for disposal.
(8) Conveyorized degreasers.
(a) The owner or operator of conveyorized cold cleaners and conveyorized vapor degreasers shall comply with the following operating requirements:
(i) Exhaust ventilation shall not exceed twenty cubic meters per minute per square meter (65 cfm per ft.2) of degreaser opening, unless necessary to meet OSHA requirements.
(ii) Post in the immediate work area a permanent and conspicuous pictograph or instructions clearly explaining the following work practices:
(A) Rack parts for best drainage.
(B) Maintain vertical speed of conveyed parts to less than 3.35 meters per minute (11 feet per minute).
(C) The condenser water shall be turned on before the sump heater when starting up a cold vapor degreaser. The sump heater shall be turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to collapse before closing the condenser water when shutting down a hot vapor degreaser.
(D) Water shall not be visible in the solvent stream from the water separator.
(iii) Vapor degreasers shall be equipped with at least the following three safety switches:
(A) Condenser flow switch and thermostat (shuts off sump heat if coolant is either not circulating or too warm); and
(B) Spray safety switch (shuts off spray pump if the vapor level drops excessively); and
(C) Vapor level control thermostat (shuts off sump heat when vapor level rises too high).
(b) A routine inspection and maintenance program shall be implemented for the purpose of preventing and correcting solvent losses. For example, leaks from drain taps, cracked gaskets, and malfunctioning equipment must be repaired immediately.
(c) Sump drainage and transfer of hot or warm solvent shall be carried out using threaded or other leakproof couplings.
(d) Still and sump bottoms shall be kept in closed containers.
(e) Waste solvent shall be stored in covered containers and returned to the supplier or to a firm which processes solvents for disposal.
(f) All conveyorized cold cleaners and conveyorized vapor degreasers with air/vapor interfaces of 2.0 m2 or greater shall have a carbon adsorption system, exhausting less than 25 ppm of solvent averaged over a complete adsorption cycle (based on exhaust ventilation of 15 m3 per min per m2 of air/vapor area, when downtime covers are open), or a system with control effectiveness equal to or better than a carbon adsorption system.
(9) Cutback asphalt paving.
(a) All paving applications of cutback asphalts are prohibited during the months of April, May, June, July, August, September and October, except as provided for in WAC 173-490-040 (9)(b).
(b) The following paving uses and applications of cutback asphalts are permitted during all months of the year.
(i) As a penetrating prime coat on aggregate bases prior to paving.
(ii) The manufacture of patching mixes used exclusively for pavement maintenance and needed to be stockpiled for times longer than one month.
(iii) All paving uses when the temperature during application is below 10°C (50°F). Any person using cutback asphalt for paving shall demonstrate that the ambient air temperature at 8 a.m. (PST) is below 50°F. The paving application of cutback asphalt when the ambient air temperature is 50°F or higher is in violation of this chapter.
(10) Cold cleaners.
(a) The owners or operators of all cold cleaners shall comply with the following equipment specifications:
(i) Be equipped with a cover that is readily opened and closed.
(ii) Be equipped with a drain rack that returns the drained solvent to the solvent bath.
(iii) Have a freeboard ratio of at least 0.5.
(iv) Have a visible fill line.
(b) An owner or operator of a cold cleaner shall be responsible for following the required operating parameters and work practices. The owner shall post and maintain in the work area of each cold cleaner a pictograph or instructions clearly explaining the following work practices:
(i) The solvent level shall not be above the fill line.
(ii) The spraying of parts to be cleaned shall be performed only within the confines of the cold cleaner.
(iii) The cover of the cold cleaner shall be closed when not in use or when parts are being soaked or cleaned by solvent agitation.
(iv) Solvent-cleaned parts shall be rotated to drain cavities or blind holes and then set to drain until dripping has stopped.
(v) Waste solvent shall be stored in covered containers and returned to the supplier or to a firm which processes solvents for disposal.
(c) The owner or operator shall maintain cold cleaners in good working condition and free of solvent leaks.
(d) If the solvent has a vapor pressure greater than 2.0 kPa (0.3 psi) measured at 38°C (100°F), or if the solvent is agitated or heated, then the cover must be designed so that it can be easily operated with one hand.
(e) If the solvent has a vapor pressure greater than 4.3 kPa (0.6 psi) measured at 38°C (100°F), then the drainage facility must be internal, so that parts are enclosed under the cover while draining. The drainage facility may be external for applications where an internal type cannot fit into the cleaning system.
(f) If the solvent has a vapor pressure greater than 4.3 kPa (0.6 psi) measured at 38°C (100°F), or if the solvent is heated above 50°C (120°F), one of the following solvent vapor control systems must be used:
(i) The freeboard ratio must be equal to or greater than 0.70; or
(ii) Water must be kept over the solvent. The solvent must be more dense and insoluble in water.