307 - FLOWCHART
PERMANENT RULES
LABOR AND INDUSTRIES
Effective Date of Rule: April 2, 2005.
Purpose: The Department of Labor and Industries (L&I) is continuing a long-term effort to provide one book for all the safety and health requirements for agriculture. This one-book requirement results from a 1995 legislative requirement that directed the department to publish all agriculture safety rules in one volume and a 2001 agreement between L&I and agricultural industry stakeholders to add applicable occupational health requirements to one book. The occupational health requirements in chapter 296-62 WAC are the focus of the current effort. Several rules from chapter 296-62 WAC were recently rewritten for clarity as part of the agency's plain language initiative. This rule making adopts these rewritten rules into the agriculture safety standard chapter 296-307 WAC.
AMENDED SECTIONS:
WAC 296-307-018 What are the employer's responsibilities?
| | Subsection (8), updated a reference. |
| | Subsection (9), updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference in the note relating to where to find the bloodborne pathogen standard. |
| | Deleted language from the first-aid kit table. |
| | Added a reference to confined space. |
| | Did not replace the words "safety belt with a lifeline attached" with "full body harness." |
| | Subsection (12), updated a reference. |
| | Subsection (4), updated a reference. |
| | Subsection (3)(i), updated references. |
| | Subsection (2)(b), corrected a reference. |
| | Title of this part is U-3. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Title of this part is Y-1. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Clarified the following definitions: Chemical, chemical name, combustible liquid, commercial account, common name, compressed gas, container, designated representative, distributor, flammable, flashpoint, hazardous chemical, hazard warning, health hazard, identity, importer, material safety data sheets, mixture, organic peroxide, permissible exposure limits (PELs), physical hazard, produce, pyrophoric, responsible party, unstable (reactive), use, and water-reactive. |
| | Title of this part is Y-2. |
| | Replaced the words "chapter" with "part." |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Updated a reference. |
| | Title of this part is Y-3. |
| | Title of this part is Y-4. |
NEW SECTIONS:
WAC 296-307-594 Scope. This part applies to all use of respirators at work.
| | Requirements relating to respirators have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this part. |
| | Requirements relating to respirators have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respirators have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to voluntary respirator use have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to voluntary respirator use have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to voluntary respirator use have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to the written respirator program and recordkeeping have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to the written respirator program have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to the written respirator program records have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respirator selection have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respirator selection have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to medical evaluations have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to medical evaluations have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to fit testing have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to fit testing have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to training have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to training have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to maintenance have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to maintenance have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to storage have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to inspecting and repairing have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to safe use and removal have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to sealing problems have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to leaving the use area have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to IDLH and standby conditions have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to IDLH and standby conditions have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to air quality for SCBA and air-line respirators have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to breathing air and oxygen have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hazardous breathing air supply have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hazardous breathing air supply have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to labeling have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to labeling have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to required procedures have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to the medical questionnaire have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to the fit-testing procedures have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to cleaning and disinfecting have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to seal checking have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E to this section. |
| | Definitions applicable to this part are located in this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respiratory hazards have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to evaluating and controlling employee exposures have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respiratory hazards have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respiratory hazards have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respiratory hazards have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respiratory hazards have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to respiratory hazards have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H to this section. |
| | Definitions applicable to this part are located in this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention (noise) have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing loss prevention have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing protection audits have been moved to this section. These options are new but not required. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing protection audits have been moved to this section. These options are new but not required. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing protection audits have been moved to this section. These options are new but not required. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing protection audits have been moved to this section. These options are new but not required. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing protection audits have been moved to this section. These options are new but not required. |
| | Requirements relating to hearing protection audits have been moved to this section. This options is new but not required. |
| | Definitions applicable to this part are located in this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Requirements relating to confined spaces have been moved from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M to this section. |
| | Definitions applicable to this part are located in this section. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Requirements relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
| | Definitions relating to emergency response have been moved from Part U-4 of this chapter to this part because of numbering errors. |
REPEALED SECTIONS:
The following sections were repealed from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E and moved to chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5: WAC 296-62-071 Respiratory protection, 296-62-07101 To whom does chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E apply?, 296-62-07102 When are you allowed to rely on respirators to protect employees from breathing contaminated air?, 296-62-07103 What are your responsibilities as an employer?, 296-62-07105 Definitions, 296-62-07107 When is a respiratory protection program required?, 296-62-07109 When must you update your written respiratory protection program?, 296-62-07111 What must be included in your written respiratory protection program?, 296-62-07113 What are the requirements for a program administrator?, 296-62-07115 Who pays for the respirators, training, medical evaluations, and fit testing?, 296-62-07117 What must you do when employees choose to wear respirators when respirators are not required?, 296-62-07130 What must be considered when selecting any respirator?, 296-62-07131 What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for use in atmospheres that are not IDLH?, 296-62-07132 What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for use in IDLH atmospheres?, 296-62-07133 What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for emergency and rescue use?, 296-62-07150 What are the general requirements for medical evaluations?, 296-62-07151 Who must perform medical evaluations?, 296-62-07152 What information must you provide to the PLHCP in addition to the questionnaire?, 296-62-07153 How must the medical evaluations and the questionnaire be administered?, 296-62-07154 Who must review the questionnaire and determine what, if any, follow-up evaluations are needed?, 296-62-07155 What must be included in the PLHCP's written recommendations?, 296-62-07156 When are future medical evaluations required?, 296-62-07160 When is fit testing required?, 296-62-07161 What is required when an employee finds the respirator's fit unacceptable?, 296-62-07162 How must fit testing be done?, 296-62-07170 How must you prevent problems with the seal on tight-fitting facepieces?, 296-62-07171 How do you monitor continuing effectiveness of your employees' respirators?, 296-62-07172 What are the standby procedures when respirators are used in IDLH situations?, 296-62-07175 How must respirators be cleaned and disinfected?, 296-62-07176 How must respirators be stored?, 296-62-07177 When must respirators be inspected?, 296-62-07178 How must respirators be inspected and maintained?, 296-62-07179 How must respirators be repaired and adjusted?, 296-62-07182 What are the breathing gas requirements for atmosphere-supplying respirators?, 296-62-07184 How must filters, cartridges and canisters be labeled?, 296-62-07186 What are the general training requirements?, 296-62-07188 How do you know if you adequately trained your employees?, 296-62-07190 When must your employees be trained?, 296-62-07192 How must you evaluate the effectiveness of your respiratory protection program?, 296-62-07194 What are the record-keeping requirements?, 296-62-07201 Appendix A-1: General fit testing requirements for respiratory protection -- Mandatory, 296-62-07202 What are the general requirements for fit testing?, 296-62-07203 What are the fit test exercise requirements?, 296-62-07205 Appendix A-2: Qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocols for respiratory protection -- Mandatory, 296-62-07206 What are the general qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocols?, 296-62-07208 Isoamyl acetate protocol (a QLFT), 296-62-07209 What are the odor threshold screening procedures for isoamyl acetate (QLFT)?, 296-62-07210 What are the isoamyl acetate fit testing procedures (QLFT)?, 296-62-07212 Saccharin solution aerosol protocol (QLFT), 296-62-07213 What are the taste threshold screening procedures for saccarin (QLFT)?, 296-62-07214 What is the saccharin solution aerosol fit testing procedure (QLFT)?, 296-62-07217 BitrexTM solution (denatonium benzoate) solution aerosol qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocol, 296-62-07218 What is the taste threshold screening procedure for BitrexTM (QLFT)?, 296-62-07219 What is the BitrexTM solution aerosol fit testing procedure (QLFT)?, 296-62-07222 Irritant smoke (stannic chloride) protocol (QLFT), 296-62-07223 What are the general requirements and precautions for irritant smoke fit testing (QLFT)?, 296-62-07224 What is the sensitivity screening check protocol for irritant smoke (QLFT)?, 296-62-07225 What is the irritant smoke fit testing procedure (QLFT)?, 296-62-07230 Appendix A-3: Quantitative fit testing (QNFT) protocols for respiratory protection -- Mandatory, 296-62-07231 What are the general requirements for quantitative fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07233 Generated aerosol quantitative fit testing protocol (QNFT), 296-62-07234 What equipment is required for generated aerosol fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07235 What are the procedures for generated aerosol quantitative fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07236 How are fit factors calculated (QNFT)?, 296-62-07238 Ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) quantitative fit testing protocol, 296-62-07239 General information about ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) protocol (QNFT), 296-62-07240 What are the general requirements for ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) protocol (QNFT)?, 296-62-07242 What are the Portacount fit testing procedures?, 296-62-07243 How is the Portacount test instrument used?, 296-62-07245 Controlled negative pressure (CNP) quantitative fit testing protocol (QNFT), 296-62-07246 How does controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing work (QNFT)?, 296-62-07247 What are the controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing requirements and procedures (QNFT)?, 296-62-07248 What test exercises are required for controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07251 Appendix B-1: User seal check procedures -- Mandatory, 296-62-07253 Appendix B-2: Respirator cleaning procedures -- Mandatory, 296-62-07255 Appendix C: WISHA respirator medical evaluation questionnaire -- Mandatory, 296-62-07257 Appendix D: Health care provider respirator recommendation form -- Nonmandatory, 296-62-07260 Appendix E: Additional information regarding respirator selection -- Nonmandatory, 296-62-07261 How do you classify respiratory hazards?, 296-62-07263 What are oxygen deficient respiratory hazards?, 296-62-07265 What needs to be considered when combinations of contaminants occur in the workplace?, 296-62-07267 What are two major types of respirators?, 296-62-07269 What are air-purifying respirators (APRs)?, 296-62-07271 What are the general limitations for air-purifying respirators (APRs)?, 296-62-07273 What are particulate-removing respirators?, 296-62-07275 What are vapor- and gas-removing respirators?, 296-62-07277 What are combination particulate- and vapor- and gas-removing respirators?, 296-62-07279 What types of filters, canisters and cartridges are available for air-purifying respirators (APRs)?, 296-62-07281 How do atmosphere-supplying respirators work?, 296-62-07283 What are the capabilities and limitations of atmosphere-supplying respirators?, 296-62-07285 What is a supplied-air respirator?, 296-62-07287 What are the general capabilities and limitations of supplied-air respirators?, 296-62-07289 What are combination supplied-air and air-purifying respirators?, 296-62-07291 What are combination supplied-air respirators with auxiliary self-contained air supply?, 296-62-07293 What is a self-contained breathing apparatus respirator (SCBA)?, and 296-62-07295 What are the limitations for self-contained breathing apparatus respirators (SCBA)?
The following sections were repealed from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part H and moved to chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-6: WAC 296-62-075 Air contaminants, 296-62-07501 Airborne contaminants, 296-62-07503 Ceiling vs. time-weighted average limits, 296-62-07505 "Skin" notation, 296-62-07507 Mixtures, 296-62-07509 Nuisance dusts, 296-62-07510 Total particulate, 296-62-07511 Simple asphyxiants, 296-62-07513 Physical factors, and 296-62-07515 Control of chemical agents.
The following sections were repealed from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part J: WAC 296-62-08001 Bloodborne pathogens and 296-62-08050 Appendix A -- Hepatitis B vaccine declination -- Mandatory.
The following sections were repealed from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part K and moved to chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-7: WAC 296-62-09015 Hearing conservation, 296-62-09017 Definitions, 296-62-09019 Monitoring, 296-62-09021 Method of noise measurement, 296-62-09023 Calibration of monitoring equipment, 296-62-09024 Employee notification, 296-62-09025 Observation of monitoring, 296-62-09026 Noise control, 296-62-09027 Audiometric testing program, 296-62-09029 Audiometric test requirements, 296-62-09031 Hearing protectors, 296-62-09033 Hearing protector attenuation, 296-62-09035 Training program, 296-62-09037 Access to information and training materials, 296-62-09039 Warning signs, 296-62-09041, Recordkeeping, 296-62-09043 Appendices, 296-62-09045 Effective dates, 296-62-09047 Appendix A -- Audiometric measuring instruments, 296-62-09049 Appendix B -- Audiometric test rooms, 296-62-09051 Appendix C -- Acoustic calibration of audiometers, 296-62-09053 Appendix D -- Methods for estimating the adequacy of hearing protector attenuation, and 296-62-09055 Appendix E -- Noise exposure computation.
The following sections were repealed from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M and moved to chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-8: WAC 296-62-141 Permit-required confined spaces, 296-62-14100 Scope and application, 296-62-14105 Definitions, 296-62-14110 General requirements, 296-62-14115 Permit-required confined space program (permit space program), 296-62-14120 Permit system, 296-62-14125 Required entry permit information, 296-62-14130 Training, 296-62-14135 Duties of authorized entrants, 296-62-14140 Duties of attendants, 296-62-14145 Duties of entry supervisors, 296-62-14150 Rescue and emergency services, 296-62-14155 Employee participation, 296-62-14170 Appendices to WAC 296-62-141 -- Permit-required confined spaces, 296-62-14171 Appendix A -- Permit-required confined space decision flow chart, 296-62-14172 Appendix B -- Procedures for atmospheric testing, 296-62-14173 Appendix C -- Examples of permit-required confined space programs, 296-62-14174 Appendix D -- Sample permits, 296-62-14175 Appendix E -- Sewer system entry, and 296-62-14176 Appendix F -- Rescue team or rescue service evaluation criteria.
The following sections were repealed from chapter 296-62 WAC, Part P: WAC 296-62-300 Hazardous waste operations and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, 296-62-30001 Scope and application, 296-62-30003 Definitions, 296-62-3010 Overview of a written safety and health program, 296-62-30105 Elements of a safety and health program, 296-62-30110 Safety considerations during the initial site excavation, 296-62-30115 Notifying contractors and subcontractors of procedures and hazards, 296-62-30120 Availability of the safety and health program, 296-62-30125 Organizational structure of the site safety and health program, 296-62-30130 Comprehensive workplan of the site program, 296-62-30135 Overview of a site-specific safety and health plan, 296-62-30140 Preentry briefing of the site-specific safety and health plan, 296-62-30145 Effectiveness of site safety and health plan, 296-62-3020 Site characterization and analysis, 296-62-30205 Preliminary evaluation, 296-62-30210 Hazard identification, 296-62-30215 Required information, 296-62-30220 Personal protective equipment, 296-62-30225 Monitoring, 296-62-30230 Risk identification, 296-62-30235 Employee notification, 296-62-3030 Site control, 296-62-30305 Site control program, 296-62-30310 Elements of the site control program, 296-62-30315 Site work zones, 296-62-3040 General training requirements and the employees covered, 296-62-30405 Elements covered in training, 296-62-30410 Initial training, 296-62-30415 Management and supervisor training, 296-62-30420 Law enforcement at illicit drug labs, 296-62-30425 Training course content for 40 and 80 hour hazardous waste cleanup courses, 296-62-30430 Training content for 24-hour hazardous waste cleanup course, 296-62-30435 16-hour supplemental training for hazardous waste sites, 296-62-30440 Additional 8 hours of training for supervisors and managers, 296-62-30445 Qualifications for trainers, 296-62-30450 Training certification, 296-62-30455 Training requirements for emergency response, 296-62-30460 Refresher training, 296-62-30465 Equivalent training, 296-62-3050 Medical surveillance, 296-62-30505 Employees covered, 296-62-30510 Frequency of medical examinations and consultations, 296-62-30515 Content of medical examinations and consultations, 296-62-30520 Examination by a physician and costs, 296-62-30525 Information provided to the physician, 296-62-30530 Physician's written opinion, 296-62-30535 Recordkeeping of medical surveillance activities, 296-62-3060 Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection, 296-62-30605 Personal protective equipment (PPE) program, 296-62-30610 Totally encapsulating chemical protective suits, 296-62-30615 Personal protective equipment (PPE) program, 296-62-3070 Monitoring concentrations of hazardous substances, 296-62-30705 Monitoring during initial entry, 296-62-30710 Periodic monitoring, 296-62-30715 Monitoring of high-risk employees, 296-62-3080 Informational programs, 296-62-3090 General requirements for handling drums and containers, 296-62-30905 Opening drums and containers, 296-62-30910 Material handling equipment, 296-62-30915 Radioactive wastes, 296-62-30920 Shock-sensitive wastes, 296-62-30925 Laboratory waste packs, 296-62-30930 Sampling of drum and container contents, 296-62-30935 Shipping and transport of drums, 296-62-30940 Tanks and vaults procedures, 296-62-3100 Decontamination procedures, 296-62-31005 Location of decontamination areas, 296-62-31010 Decontamination of equipment and solvents, 296-62-31015 Decontamination of personal protective clothing and equipment, 296-62-31020 Showers and change rooms used for decontamination, 296-62-3110 Emergency response plan for employees at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, 296-62-31105 Elements of an emergency response plan at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, 296-62-31110 Procedures for handling emergency incidents at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, 296-62-3120 Illumination, 296-62-3130 Sanitation at temporary workplaces, 296-62-31305 Potable water, 296-62-31310 Nonpotable water, 296-62-31315 Toilet facilities, 296-62-31320 Food handling, 296-62-31325 Temporary sleeping quarters, 296-62-31330 Washing facilities, 296-62-31335 Showers and change rooms, 296-62-3138 New technology programs, 296-62-3140 Certain operations conducted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), 296-62-31405 Safety and health program under RCRA, 296-62-31410 Hazard communication program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31415 Medical surveillance program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31420 Decontamination program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31425 New technology program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31430 Material handling program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31435 Training program for new employees under RCRA, 296-62-31440 Training program for current employees, 296-62-31445 RCRA requirements for trainers, 296-62-31450 Emergency response program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31455 Emergency response plan under RCRA, 296-62-31460 Elements of an emergency plan under RCRA, 296-62-31465 Training requirements for emergency response under RCRA, 296-62-31470 Procedures for handling emergency incidents under RCRA, 296-62-3152 Appendices to Part P -- Hazardous waste operations and TSD facilities, 296-62-3160 Appendix A -- Personal protective equipment test methods, 296-62-3170 Appendix B -- General description and discussion of the levels of protection and protective gear, 296-62-3180 Appendix C -- Compliance guidelines, 296-62-3190 Appendix D -- References, and 296-62-3195 Appendix E -- Training curriculum guidelines.
The following sections were repealed from chapter 296-307 WAC, Part U-4 and moved to chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-10: WAC 296-307-452 Scope, 296-307-45210 Planning, 296-307-45220 Training, 296-307-45230 Medical surveillance, 296-307-45240 Keep records, 296-307-45400 Incident requirements, 296-307-45410 Implement and maintain an incident command system (ICS), 296-307-45420 Prepare skilled support personnel, 296-307-45430 Make sure the incident commander oversees activities during the response, 296-307-45440 Use the buddy system in danger areas, 296-307-45450 Provide rescue and medical assistance, 296-307-45600 Personal protective equipment, 296-307-45610 Control hazards created by personal protective equipment (PPE), 296-307-45620 Use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly, 296-307-45800 Postemergency response, and 296-307-46000 Definitions.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amending WAC 296-307-018 What are the employer's responsibilities?, 296-307-039 First aid rule summary, 296-307-03920 Make sure appropriate first-aid supplies are readily available, 296-307-061 What requirements apply to working around bins, bunkers, hoppers, tanks, pits, and trenches?, 296-307-07013 What rules apply to vehicles used to transport employees?, 296-307-11015 Violations of this part -- Worker protection standards -- 40 CFR, § 170.9, 296-307-13045 Personal protective equipment -- Standards for pesticide handlers -- 40 CFR, § 170.240, 296-307-16340 Electricity and lighting, 296-307-445 Scope, 296-307-45010 Provide proper ventilation for the vapor area, 296-307-45035 Prepare dip tanks before cleaning, 296-307-45045 Protect employees during welding, burning, or other work using open flames, 296-307-50025 What requirements apply to welding beryllium?, 296-307-50029 What requirements apply to welding mercury?, 296-307-550 Employer chemical hazard communication -- Introduction, 296-307-55015 Obtain and maintain material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for each hazardous chemical used, 296-307-55030 Inform and train your employees about hazardous chemicals in your workplace, 296-307-55035 Follow these rules for laboratories using hazardous chemicals, 296-307-55060 Definitions, 296-307-560 Scope, 296-307-56025 Develop or obtain material safety data sheets (MSDSs), 296-307-56050 Definitions, 296-307-570 Lighting rule and 296-307-590 Environmental tobacco smoke in the office; and repealing WAC 296-62-071 Respiratory protection, 296-62-07101 To whom does chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E apply?, 296-62-07102 When are you allowed to rely on respirators to protect employees from breathing contaminated air?, 296-62-07103 What are your responsibilities as an employer?, 296-62-07105 Definitions, 296-62-07107 When is a respiratory protection program required?, 296-62-07109 When must you update your written respiratory protection program?, 296-62-07111 What must be included in your written respiratory protection program?, 296-62-07113 What are the requirements for a program administrator?, 296-62-07115 Who pays for the respirators, training, medical evaluations, and fit testing?, 296-62-07117 What must you do when employees choose to wear respirators when respirators are not required?, 296-62-07130 What must be considered when selecting any respirator?, 296-62-07131 What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for use in atmospheres that are not IDLH?, 296-62-07132 What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for use in IDLH atmospheres?, 296-62-07133 What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for emergency and rescue use?, 296-62-07150 What are the general requirements for medical evaluations?, 296-62-07151 Who must perform medical evaluations?, 296-62-07152 What information must you provide to the PLHCP in addition to the questionnaire?, 296-62-07153 How must the medical evaluations and the questionnaire be administered?, 296-62-07154 Who must review the questionnaire and determine what, if any, follow-up evaluations are needed?, 296-62-07155 What must be included in the PLHCP's written recommendations?, 296-62-07156 When are future medical evaluations required?, 296-62-07160 When is fit testing required?, 296-62-07161 What is required when an employee finds the respirator's fit unacceptable?, 296-62-07162 How must fit testing be done?, 296-62-07170 How must you prevent problems with the seal on tight-fitting facepieces?, 296-62-07171 How do you monitor continuing effectiveness of your employees' respirators?, 296-62-07172 What are the standby procedures when respirators are used in IDLH situations?, 296-62-07175 How must respirators be cleaned and disinfected?, 296-62-07176 How must respirators be stored?, 296-62-07177 When must respirators be inspected?, 296-62-07178 How must respirators be inspected and maintained?, 296-62-07179 How must respirators be repaired and adjusted?, 296-62-07182 What are the breathing gas requirements for atmosphere-supplying respirators?, 296-62-07184 How must filters, cartridges and canisters be labeled?, 296-62-07186 What are the general training requirements?, 296-62-07188 How do you know if you adequately trained your employees?, 296-62-07190 When must your employees be trained?, 296-62-07192 How must you evaluate the effectiveness of your respiratory protection program?, 296-62-07194 What are the recordkeeping requirements?, 296-62-07201 Appendix A-1: General fit testing requirements for respiratory protection -- Mandatory, 296-62-07202 What are the general requirements for fit testing?, 296-62-07203 What are the fit test exercise requirements?, 296-62-07205 Appendix A-2: Qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocols for respiratory protection -- Mandatory, 296-62-07206 What are the general qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocols?, 296-62-07208 Isoamyl acetate protocol (a QLFT), 296-62-07209 What are the odor threshold screening procedures for isoamyl acetate (QLFT)?, 296-62-07210 What are the isoamyl acetate fit testing procedures (QLFT)?, 296-62-07212 Saccharin solution aerosol protocol (QLFT), 296-62-07213 What are the taste threshold screening procedures for saccarin (QLFT)?, 296-62-07214 What is the saccharin solution aerosol fit testing procedure (QLFT)?, 296-62-07217 BitrexTM solution (denatonium benzoate) solution aerosol qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocol, 296-62-07218 What is the taste threshold screening procedure for BitrexTM (QLFT)?, 296-62-07219 What is the BitrexTM solution aerosol fit testing procedure (QLFT)?, 296-62-07222 Irritant smoke (stannic chloride) protocol (QLFT), 296-62-07223 What are the general requirements and precautions for irritant smoke fit testing (QLFT)?, 296-62-07224 What is the sensitivity screening check protocol for irritant smoke (QLFT)?, 296-62-07225 What is the irritant smoke fit testing procedure (QLFT)?, 296-62-07230 Appendix A-3: Quantitative fit testing (QNFT) protocols for respiratory protection -- Mandatory, 296-62-07231 What are the general requirements for quantitative fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07233 Generated aerosol quantitative fit testing protocol (QNFT), 296-62-07234 What equipment is required for generated aerosol fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07235 What are the procedures for generated aerosol quantitative fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07236 How are fit factors calculated (QNFT)?, 296-62-07238 Ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) quantitative fit testing protocol, 296-62-07239 General information about ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) protocol (QNFT), 296-62-07240 What are the general requirements for ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) protocol (QNFT)?, 296-62-07242 What are the Portacount fit testing procedures?, 296-62-07243 How is the Portacount test instrument used?, 296-62-07245 Controlled negative pressure (CNP) quantitative fit testing protocol (QNFT), 296-62-07246 How does controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing work (QNFT)?, 296-62-07247 What are the controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing requirements and procedures (QNFT)?, 296-62-07248 What test exercises are required for controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing (QNFT)?, 296-62-07251 Appendix B-1: User seal check procedures -- Mandatory, 296-62-07253 Appendix B-2: Respirator cleaning procedures -- Mandatory, 296-62-07255 Appendix C: WISHA respirator medical evaluation questionnaire -- Mandatory, 296-62-07257 Appendix D: Health care provider respirator recommendation form -- Nonmandatory, 296-62-07260 Appendix E: Additional information regarding respirator selection -- Nonmandatory, 296-62-07261 How do you classify respiratory hazards?, 296-62-07263 What are oxygen deficient respiratory hazards?, 296-62-07265 What needs to be considered when combinations of contaminants occur in the workplace?, 296-62-07267 What are two major types of respirators?, 296-62-07269 What are air-purifying respirators (APRs)?, 296-62-07271 What are the general limitations for air-purifying respirators (APRs)?, 296-62-07273 What are particulate-removing respirators?, 296-62-07275 What are vapor- and gas-removing respirators?, 296-62-07277 What are combination particulate- and vapor- and gas-removing respirators?, 296-62-07279 What types of filters, canisters and cartridges are available for air-purifying respirators (APRs)?, 296-62-07281 How do atmosphere-supplying respirators work?, 296-62-07283 What are the capabilities and limitations of atmosphere-supplying respirators?, 296-62-07285 What is a supplied-air respirator?, 296-62-07287 What are the general capabilities and limitations of supplied-air respirators?, 296-62-07289 What are combination supplied-air and air-purifying respirators?, 296-62-07291 What are combination supplied-air respirators with auxiliary self-contained air supply?, 296-62-07293 What is a self-contained breathing apparatus respirator (SCBA)?, 296-62-07295 What are the limitations for self-contained breathing apparatus respirators (SCBA)?, 296-62-075 Air contaminants, 296-62-07501 Airborne contaminants, 296-62-07503 Ceiling vs. time-weighted average limits, 296-62-07505 "Skin" notation, 296-62-07507 Mixtures, 296-62-07509 Nuisance dusts, 296-62-07510 Total particulate, 296-62-07511 Simple asphyxiants, 296-62-07513 Physical factors, 296-62-07515 Control of chemical agents, 296-62-08001 Bloodborne pathogens, 296-62-08050 Appendix A -- Hepatitis B vaccine declination -- Mandatory, 296-62-09015 Hearing conservation, 296-62-09017 Definitions, 296-62-09019 Monitoring, 296-62-09021 Method of noise measurement, 296-62-09023 Calibration of monitoring equipment, 296-62-09024 Employee notification, 296-62-09025 Observation of monitoring, 296-62-09026 Noise control, 296-62-09027 Audiometric testing program, 296-62-09029 Audiometric test requirements, 296-62-09031 Hearing protectors, 296-62-09033 Hearing protector attenuation, 296-62-09035 Training program, 296-62-09037 Access to information and training materials, 296-62-09039 Warning signs, 296-62-09041 Recordkeeping, 296-62-09043 Appendices, 296-62-09045 Effective dates, 296-62-09047 Appendix A -- Audiometric measuring instruments, 296-62-09049 Appendix B -- Audiometric test rooms, 296-62-09051 Appendix C -- Acoustic calibration of audiometers, 296-62-09053 Appendix D -- Methods for estimating the adequacy of hearing protector attenuation, 296-62-09055 Appendix E -- Noise exposure computation, 296-62-141 Permit-required confined spaces, 296-62-14100 Scope and application, 296-62-14105 Definitions, 296-62-14110 General requirements, 296-62-14115 Permit-required confined space program (permit space program), 296-62-14120 Permit system, 296-62-14125 Required entry permit information, 296-62-14130 Training, 296-62-14135 Duties of authorized entrants, 296-62-14140 Duties of attendants, 296-62-14145 Duties of entry supervisors, 296-62-14150 Rescue and emergency services, 296-62-14155 Employee participation, 296-62-14170 Appendices to WAC 296-62-141 -- Permit-required confined spaces, 296-62-14171 Appendix A -- Permit-required confined space decision flow chart, 296-62-14172 Appendix B -- Procedures for atmospheric testing, 296-62-14173 Appendix C -- Examples of permit-required confined space programs, 296-62-14174 Appendix D -- Sample permits, 296-62-14175 Appendix E -- Sewer system entry, 296-62-14176 Appendix F -- Rescue team or rescue service evaluation criteria, 296-62-300 Hazardous waste operations and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, 296-62-30001 Scope and application, 296-62-30003 Definitions, 296-62-3010 Overview of a written safety and health program, 296-62-30105 Elements of a safety and health program, 296-62-30110 Safety considerations during the initial site excavation, 296-62-30115 Notifying contractors and subcontractors of procedures and hazards, 296-62-30120 Availability of the safety and health program, 296-62-30125 Organizational structure of the site safety and health program, 296-62-30130 Comprehensive workplan of the site program, 296-62-30135 Overview of a site-specific safety and health plan, 296-62-30140 Preentry briefing of the site-specific safety and health plan, 296-62-30145 Effectiveness of site safety and health plan, 296-62-3020 Site characterization and analysis, 296-62-30205 Preliminary evaluation, 296-62-30210 Hazard identification, 296-62-30215 Required information, 296-62-30220 Personal protective equipment, 296-62-30225 Monitoring, 296-62-30230 Risk identification, 296-62-30235 Employee notification, 296-62-3030 Site control, 296-62-30305 Site control program, 296-62-30310 Elements of the site control program, 296-62-30315 Site work zones, 296-62-3040 General training requirements and the employees covered, 296-62-30405 Elements covered in training, 296-62-30410 Initial training, 296-62-30415 Management and supervisor training, 296-62-30420 Law enforcement at illicit drug labs, 296-62-30425 Training course content for 40 and 80 hour hazardous waste cleanup courses, 296-62-30430 Training content for 24-hour hazardous waste cleanup course, 296-62-30435 16-hour supplemental training for hazardous waste sites, 296-62-30440 Additional 8 hours of training for supervisors and managers, 296-62-30445 Qualifications for trainers, 296-62-30450 Training certification, 296-62-30455 Training requirements for emergency response, 296-62-30460 Refresher training, 296-62-30465 Equivalent training, 296-62-3050 Medical surveillance, 296-62-30505 Employees covered, 296-62-30510 Frequency of medical examinations and consultations, 296-62-30515 Content of medical examinations and consultations, 296-62-30520 Examination by a physician and costs, 296-62-30525 Information provided to the physician, 296-62-30530 Physician's written opinion, 296-62-30535 Recordkeeping of medical surveillance activities, 296-62-3060 Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection, 296-62-30605 Personal protective equipment (PPE) program, 296-62-30610 Totally encapsulating chemical protective suits, 296-62-30615 Personal protective equipment (PPE) program, 296-62-3070 Monitoring concentrations of hazardous substances, 296-62-30705 Monitoring during initial entry, 296-62-30710 Periodic monitoring, 296-62-30715 Monitoring of high-risk employees, 296-62-3080 Informational programs, 296-62-3090 General requirements for handling drums and containers, 296-62-30905 Opening drums and containers, 296-62-30910 Material handling equipment, 296-62-30915 Radioactive wastes, 296-62-30920 Shock-sensitive wastes, 296-62-30925 Laboratory waste packs, 296-62-30930 Sampling of drum and container contents, 296-62-30935 Shipping and transport of drums, 296-62-30940 Tanks and vaults procedures, 296-62-3100 Decontamination procedures, 296-62-31005 Location of decontamination areas, 296-62-31010 Decontamination of equipment and solvents, 296-62-31015 Decontamination of personal protective clothing and equipment, 296-62-31020 Showers and change rooms used for decontamination, 296-62-3110 Emergency response plan for employees at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, 296-62-31105 Elements of an emergency response plan at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, 296-62-31110 Procedures for handling emergency incidents at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, 296-62-3120 Illumination, 296-62-3130 Sanitation at temporary workplaces, 296-62-31305 Potable water, 296-62-31310 Nonpotable water, 296-62-31315 Toilet facilities, 296-62-31320 Food handling, 296-62-31325 Temporary sleeping quarters, 296-62-31330 Washing facilities, 296-62-31335 Showers and change rooms, 296-62-3138 New technology programs, 296-62-3140 Certain operations conducted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), 296-62-31405 Safety and health program under RCRA, 296-62-31410 Hazard communication program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31415 Medical surveillance program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31420 Decontamination program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31425 New technology program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31430 Material handling program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31435 Training program for new employees under RCRA, 296-62-31440 Training program for current employees, 296-62-31445 RCRA requirements for trainers, 296-62-31450 Emergency response program requirements under RCRA, 296-62-31455 Emergency response plan under RCRA, 296-62-31460 Elements of an emergency plan under RCRA, 296-62-31465 Training requirements for emergency response under RCRA, 296-62-31470 Procedures for handling emergency incidents under RCRA, 296-62-3152 Appendices to Part P -- Hazardous waste operations and TSD facilities, 296-62-3160 Appendix A -- Personal protective equipment test methods, 296-62-3170 Appendix B -- General description and discussion of the levels of protection and protective gear, 296-62-3180 Appendix C -- Compliance guidelines, 296-62-3190 Appendix D -- References, 296-62-3195 Appendix E -- Training curriculum guidelines, 296-307-452 Scope, 296-307-45210 Planning, 296-307-45220 Training, 296-307-45230 Medical surveillance, 296-307-45240 Keep records, 296-307-45400 Incident requirements, 296-307-45410 Implement and maintain an incident command system (ICS), 296-307-45420 Prepare skilled support personnel, 296-307-45430 Make sure the incident commander oversees activities during the response, 296-307-45440 Use the buddy system in danger areas, 296-307-45450 Provide rescue and medical assistance, 296-307-45600 Personal protective equipment, 296-307-45610 Control hazards created by personal protective equipment (PPE), 296-307-45620 Use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly, 296-307-45800 Postemergency response, and 296-307-46000 Definitions.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 04-15-107 on August 4, 2004, and WSR 04-21-066 on October 19, 2004.
Changes Other than Editing from Proposed to Adopted Version: As a result of written and oral comments received, the following sections are being withdrawn: WAC 296-307-686 Scope, 296-307-688 Planning. Summary, 296-307-68805 Determine if you have employees with occupational exposure, 296-307-68810 Develop and implement a written exposure control plan, 296-307-690 Training. Summary, 296-307-69005 Provide training to your employees, 296-307-69010 Provide additional training, 296-307-69015 Maintain training records, 296-307-692 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinations. Summary, 296-307-69205 Make hepatitis B vaccination available to employees, 296-307-69210 Obtain a copy of the healthcare professional's written opinion for hepatitis B vaccination and provide it to the employee, 296-307-694 Control employee exposure. Summary, 296-307-69405 Minimize splashing, spraying, splattering, and generation of droplets, 296-307-69410 Make sure items are appropriately labeled, 296-307-69415 Make sure employees clean their hands, 296-307-69420 Prohibit food, drink, and other personal activities in the work area, 296-307-69425 Examine and label contaminated equipment, 296-307-69430 Make sure your worksite is maintained in a clean and sanitary condition, 296-307-69435 Handle regulated waste properly and safely, 296-307-69440 Handle contaminated laundry properly and safely, 296-307-696 Personal protective equipment (PPE). Summary, 296-307-69605 Provide and make sure personal protective equipment is used when there is occupational exposure, 296-307-69610 Make sure gloves are worn, 296-307-69615 Make sure appropriate masks, eye protection, and face shields are worn, 296-307-69620 Wear appropriate protective clothing, 296-307-69625 Make resuscitator devices available, 296-307-69630 Maintain personal protective equipment, 296-307-698 Post-exposure requirements. Summary, 296-307-69805 Make a confidential medical evaluation and follow-up available to employees who experience an exposure incident, 296-307-69810 Test the blood of the source person, 296-307-69815 Provide the results of the source person's blood test to the exposed employee, 296-307-69820 Collect and test the blood of the exposed employee, 296-307-69825 Provide information to the healthcare professional evaluating the employee, 296-307-69830 Obtain and provide a copy of the healthcare professional's written opinion on post-exposure evaluation to the employee, 296-307-700, Records. Summary, 296-307-70005 Establish and maintain medical records, and 296-307-702 Definitions.
As a result of written and oral comments received, the following sections are being changed as indicated below:
WAC 296-307-039 First-aid rule, Summary
| | Corrected the reference in the note. It now reads, "Employers who require their employees to provide first aid must comply with the bloodborne pathogen rule, chapter 296-823 WAC." |
| | The proposal indicated the words "safety belt with a lifeline attached" would be replaced with the words "full body harness." This change was not adopted. |
| | The period was removed after the word "employer." |
| | Corrected a reference in the note that follows table 7. It now reads, "A medical evaluation for respirator use is required by chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5, Respiratory protection, for those employees who have not been cleared for respirator use during medical surveillance activities." |
| | Corrected a reference in the last note. It now reads, "Employers who designate and train their employees to provide first aid are covered by chapter 296-823 WAC, Bloodborne pathogens." |
| | Corrected an error in the table. It now reads, "Chapter 296-843 WAC, Hazardous waste operations." |
| | Corrected an error in the table. It now reads, "Chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5, Respiratory protection." |
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 122, Amended 24, Repealed 271.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 122, Amended 24, Repealed 271.
Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 122, Amended 24, Repealed 271.
Date Adopted: December 21, 2004.
Paul Trause
Director
OTS-7289.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-62-071 | Respiratory protection. |
| WAC 296-62-07101 | To whom does chapter 296-62 WAC, Part E apply? |
| WAC 296-62-07102 | When are you allowed to rely on respirators to protect employees from breathing contaminated air? |
| WAC 296-62-07103 | What are your responsibilities as an employer? |
| WAC 296-62-07105 | Definitions. |
| WAC 296-62-07107 | When is a respiratory protection program required? |
| WAC 296-62-07109 | When must you update your written respiratory protection program? |
| WAC 296-62-07111 | What must be included in your written respiratory protection program? |
| WAC 296-62-07113 | What are the requirements for a program administrator? |
| WAC 296-62-07115 | Who pays for the respirators, training, medical evaluations, and fit testing? |
| WAC 296-62-07117 | What must you do when employees choose to wear respirators when respirators are not required? |
| WAC 296-62-07130 | What must be considered when selecting any respirator? |
| WAC 296-62-07131 | What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for use in atmospheres that are not IDLH? |
| WAC 296-62-07132 | What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for use in IDLH atmospheres? |
| WAC 296-62-07133 | What else must you consider when selecting a respirator for emergency and rescue use? |
| WAC 296-62-07150 | What are the general requirements for medical evaluations? |
| WAC 296-62-07151 | Who must perform medical evaluations? |
| WAC 296-62-07152 | What information must you provide to the PLHCP in addition to the questionnaire? |
| WAC 296-62-07153 | How must the medical evaluations and the questionnaire be administered? |
| WAC 296-62-07154 | Who must review the questionnaire and determine what, if any, follow-up evaluations are needed? |
| WAC 296-62-07155 | What must be included in the PLHCP's written recommendation? |
| WAC 296-62-07156 | When are future medical evaluations required? |
| WAC 296-62-07160 | When is fit testing required? |
| WAC 296-62-07161 | What is required when an employee finds the respirator's fit unacceptable? |
| WAC 296-62-07162 | How must fit testing be done? |
| WAC 296-62-07170 | How must you prevent problems with the seal on tight-fitting facepieces? |
| WAC 296-62-07171 | How do you monitor continuing effectiveness of your employees' respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07172 | What are the standby procedures when respirators are used in IDLH situations? |
| WAC 296-62-07175 | How must respirators be cleaned and disinfected? |
| WAC 296-62-07176 | How must respirators be stored? |
| WAC 296-62-07177 | When must respirators be inspected? |
| WAC 296-62-07178 | How must respirators be inspected and maintained? |
| WAC 296-62-07179 | How must respirators be repaired and adjusted? |
| WAC 296-62-07182 | What are the breathing gas requirements for atmosphere-supplying respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07184 | How must filters, cartridges and canisters be labeled? |
| WAC 296-62-07186 | What are the general training requirements? |
| WAC 296-62-07188 | How do you know if you adequately trained your employees? |
| WAC 296-62-07190 | When must your employees be trained? |
| WAC 296-62-07192 | How must you evaluate the effectiveness of your respiratory protection program? |
| WAC 296-62-07194 | What are the recordkeeping requirements? |
| WAC 296-62-07201 | Appendix A-1: General fit testing requirements for respiratory protection -- Mandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07202 | What are the general requirements for fit testing? |
| WAC 296-62-07203 | What are the fit test exercise requirements? |
| WAC 296-62-07205 | Appendix A-2: Qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocols for respiratory protection -- Mandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07206 | What are the general qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocols? |
| WAC 296-62-07208 | Isoamyl acetate protocol (a QLFT). |
| WAC 296-62-07209 | What are the odor threshold screening procedures for isoamyl acetate (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07210 | What are the isoamyl acetate fit testing procedures (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07212 | Saccharin solution aerosol protocol (QLFT). |
| WAC 296-62-07213 | What are the taste threshold screening procedures for saccharin (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07214 | What is the saccharin solution aerosol fit testing procedure (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07217 | BitrexTM (denatonium benzoate) solution aerosol qualitative fit testing (QLFT) protocol. |
| WAC 296-62-07218 | What is the taste threshold screening procedure for BitrexTM (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07219 | What is the BitrexTM solution aerosol fit testing procedure (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07222 | Irritant smoke (stannic chloride) protocol (QLFT). |
| WAC 296-62-07223 | What are the general requirements and precautions for irritant smoke fit testing (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07224 | What is the sensitivity screening check protocol for irritant smoke (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07225 | What is the irritant smoke fit testing procedure (QLFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07230 | Appendix A-3: Quantitative fit testing (QNFT) protocols for respiratory protection -- Mandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07231 | What are the general requirements for quantitative fit testing (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07233 | Generated aerosol quantitative fit testing protocol (QNFT). |
| WAC 296-62-07234 | What equipment is required for generated aerosol fit testing (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07235 | What are the procedures for generated aerosol quantitative fit testing (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07236 | How are fit factors calculated (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07238 | Ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) quantitative fit testing protocol. |
| WAC 296-62-07239 | General information about ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) protocol (QNFT). |
| WAC 296-62-07240 | What are the general requirements for ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) protocol (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07242 | What are the Portacount fit testing procedures? |
| WAC 296-62-07243 | How is the Portacount test instrument used? |
| WAC 296-62-07245 | Controlled negative pressure (CNP) quantitative fit testing protocol (QNFT). |
| WAC 296-62-07246 | How does controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing work (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07247 | What are the controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing requirements and procedures (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07248 | What test exercises are required for controlled negative pressure (CNP) fit testing (QNFT)? |
| WAC 296-62-07251 | Appendix B-1: User seal check procedures -- Mandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07253 | Appendix B-2: Respirator cleaning procedures -- Mandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07255 | Appendix C: WISHA respirator medical evaluation questionnaire -- Mandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07257 | Appendix D: Health care provider respirator recommendation form -- Nonmandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07260 | Appendix E: Additional information regarding respirator selection -- Nonmandatory. |
| WAC 296-62-07261 | How do you classify respiratory hazards? |
| WAC 296-62-07263 | What are oxygen deficient respiratory hazards? |
| WAC 296-62-07265 | What needs to be considered when combinations of contaminants occur in the workplace? |
| WAC 296-62-07267 | What are the two major types of respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07269 | What are air-purifying respirators (APRs)? |
| WAC 296-62-07271 | What are the general limitations for air-purifying respirators (APRs)? |
| WAC 296-62-07273 | What are particulate-removing respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07275 | What are vapor- and gas-removing respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07277 | What are combination particulate-and vapor- and gas-removing respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07279 | What types of filters, canisters and cartridges are available for air-purifying respirators (APRs)? |
| WAC 296-62-07281 | How do atmosphere-supplying respirators work? |
| WAC 296-62-07283 | What are the capabilities and limitations of atmosphere-supplying respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07285 | What is a supplied-air respirator? |
| WAC 296-62-07287 | What are the general capabilities and limitations of supplied-air respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07289 | What are combination supplied-air and air-purifying respirators? |
| WAC 296-62-07291 | What are combination supplied-air respirators with auxiliary self-contained air supply? |
| WAC 296-62-07293 | What is a self-contained breathing apparatus respirator (SCBA)? |
| WAC 296-62-07295 | What are the limitations for self-contained breathing apparatus respirators (SCBA)? |
OTS-7290.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-62-075 | Air contaminants. |
| WAC 296-62-07501 | Airborne contaminants. |
| WAC 296-62-07503 | Ceiling vs. time-weighted average limits. |
| WAC 296-62-07505 | "Skin" notation. |
| WAC 296-62-07507 | Mixtures. |
| WAC 296-62-07509 | Nuisance dusts. |
| WAC 296-62-07510 | Total particulate. |
| WAC 296-62-07511 | Simple asphyxiants. |
| WAC 296-62-07513 | Physical factors. |
| WAC 296-62-07515 | Control of chemical agents. |
OTS-7291.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-62-08001 | Bloodborne pathogens. |
| WAC 296-62-08050 | Appendix A -- Hepatitis B vaccine declination -- Mandatory. |
OTS-7292.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-62-09015 | Hearing conservation. |
| WAC 296-62-09017 | Definitions. |
| WAC 296-62-09019 | Monitoring. |
| WAC 296-62-09021 | Method of noise measurement. |
| WAC 296-62-09023 | Calibration of monitoring equipment. |
| WAC 296-62-09024 | Employee notification. |
| WAC 296-62-09025 | Observation of monitoring. |
| WAC 296-62-09026 | Noise control. |
| WAC 296-62-09027 | Audiometric testing program. |
| WAC 296-62-09029 | Audiometric test requirements. |
| WAC 296-62-09031 | Hearing protectors. |
| WAC 296-62-09033 | Hearing protector attenuation. |
| WAC 296-62-09035 | Training program. |
| WAC 296-62-09037 | Access to information and training materials. |
| WAC 296-62-09039 | Warning signs. |
| WAC 296-62-09041 | Recordkeeping. |
| WAC 296-62-09043 | Appendices. |
| WAC 296-62-09045 | Effective dates. |
| WAC 296-62-09047 | Appendix A -- Audiometric measuring instruments. |
| WAC 296-62-09049 | Appendix B -- Audiometric test rooms. |
| WAC 296-62-09051 | Appendix C -- Acoustic calibration of audiometers. |
| WAC 296-62-09053 | Appendix D -- Methods for estimating the adequacy of hearing protector attenuation. |
| WAC 296-62-09055 | Appendix E -- Noise exposure computation. |
OTS-7293.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-62-141 | Permit-required confined spaces. |
| WAC 296-62-14100 | Scope and application. |
| WAC 296-62-14105 | Definitions. |
| WAC 296-62-14110 | General requirements. |
| WAC 296-62-14115 | Permit-required confined space program (permit space program). |
| WAC 296-62-14120 | Permit system. |
| WAC 296-62-14125 | Required entry permit information. |
| WAC 296-62-14130 | Training. |
| WAC 296-62-14135 | Duties of authorized entrants. |
| WAC 296-62-14140 | Duties of attendants. |
| WAC 296-62-14145 | Duties of entry supervisors. |
| WAC 296-62-14150 | Rescue and emergency services. |
| WAC 296-62-14155 | Employee participation. |
| WAC 296-62-14170 | Appendices to WAC 296-62-141 -- Permit-required confined spaces. |
| WAC 296-62-14171 | Appendix A -- Permit-required confined space decision flow chart. |
| WAC 296-62-14172 | Appendix B -- Procedures for atmospheric testing. |
| WAC 296-62-14173 | Appendix C -- Examples of permit-required confined space programs. |
| WAC 296-62-14174 | Appendix D -- Sample permits. |
| WAC 296-62-14175 | Appendix E -- Sewer system entry. |
| WAC 296-62-14176 | Appendix F--Rescue team or rescue service evaluation criteria. |
OTS-7294.1
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-62-300 | Hazardous waste operations and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. |
| WAC 296-62-30001 | Scope and application. |
| WAC 296-62-30003 | Definitions. |
| WAC 296-62-3010 | Overview of a written safety and health program. |
| WAC 296-62-30105 | Elements of a safety and health program. |
| WAC 296-62-30110 | Safety considerations during the initial site excavation. |
| WAC 296-62-30115 | Notifying contractors and subcontractors of procedures and hazards. |
| WAC 296-62-30120 | Availability of the safety and health program. |
| WAC 296-62-30125 | Organizational structure of the site safety and health program. |
| WAC 296-62-30130 | Comprehensive workplan of the site program. |
| WAC 296-62-30135 | Overview of a site-specific safety and health plan. |
| WAC 296-62-30140 | Preentry briefing of the site-specific safety and health plan. |
| WAC 296-62-30145 | Effectiveness of site safety and health plan. |
| WAC 296-62-3020 | Site characterization and analysis. |
| WAC 296-62-30205 | Preliminary evaluation. |
| WAC 296-62-30210 | Hazard identification. |
| WAC 296-62-30215 | Required information. |
| WAC 296-62-30220 | Personal protective equipment. |
| WAC 296-62-30225 | Monitoring. |
| WAC 296-62-30230 | Risk identification. |
| WAC 296-62-30235 | Employee notification. |
| WAC 296-62-3030 | Site control. |
| WAC 296-62-30305 | Site control program. |
| WAC 296-62-30310 | Elements of the site control program. |
| WAC 296-62-30315 | Site work zones. |
| WAC 296-62-3040 | General training requirements and the employees covered. |
| WAC 296-62-30405 | Elements covered in training. |
| WAC 296-62-30410 | Initial training. |
| WAC 296-62-30415 | Management and supervisor training. |
| WAC 296-62-30420 | Law enforcement at illicit drug labs. |
| WAC 296-62-30425 | Training course content for 40 and 80 hour hazardous waste cleanup courses. |
| WAC 296-62-30430 | Training content for 24-hour hazardous waste cleanup course. |
| WAC 296-62-30435 | 16-hour supplemental training for hazardous waste sites. |
| WAC 296-62-30440 | Additional 8 hours of training for supervisors and managers. |
| WAC 296-62-30445 | Qualifications for trainers. |
| WAC 296-62-30450 | Training certification. |
| WAC 296-62-30455 | Training requirements for emergency response. |
| WAC 296-62-30460 | Refresher training. |
| WAC 296-62-30465 | Equivalent training. |
| WAC 296-62-3050 | Medical surveillance. |
| WAC 296-62-30505 | Employees covered. |
| WAC 296-62-30510 | Frequency of medical examinations and consultations. |
| WAC 296-62-30515 | Content of medical examinations and consultations. |
| WAC 296-62-30520 | Examination by a physician and costs. |
| WAC 296-62-30525 | Information provided to the physician. |
| WAC 296-62-30530 | Physician's written opinion. |
| WAC 296-62-30535 | Recordkeeping of medical surveillance activities. |
| WAC 296-62-3060 | Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection. |
| WAC 296-62-30605 | Personal protective equipment selection. |
| WAC 296-62-30610 | Totally encapsulating chemical protective suits. |
| WAC 296-62-30615 | Personal protective equipment (PPE) program. |
| WAC 296-62-3070 | Monitoring concentrations of hazardous substances. |
| WAC 296-62-30705 | Monitoring during initial entry. |
| WAC 296-62-30710 | Periodic monitoring. |
| WAC 296-62-30715 | Monitoring of high-risk employees. |
| WAC 296-62-3080 | Informational programs. |
| WAC 296-62-3090 | General requirements for handling drums and containers. |
| WAC 296-62-30905 | Opening drums and containers. |
| WAC 296-62-30910 | Material handling equipment. |
| WAC 296-62-30915 | Radioactive wastes. |
| WAC 296-62-30920 | Shock-sensitive wastes. |
| WAC 296-62-30925 | Laboratory waste packs. |
| WAC 296-62-30930 | Sampling of drum and container contents. |
| WAC 296-62-30935 | Shipping and transport of drums. |
| WAC 296-62-30940 | Tanks and vaults procedures. |
| WAC 296-62-3100 | Decontamination procedures. |
| WAC 296-62-31005 | Location of decontamination areas. |
| WAC 296-62-31010 | Decontamination of equipment and solvents. |
| WAC 296-62-31015 | Decontamination of personal protective clothing and equipment. |
| WAC 296-62-31020 | Showers and change rooms used for decontamination. |
| WAC 296-62-3110 | Emergency response plan for employees at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. |
| WAC 296-62-31105 | Elements of an emergency response plan at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. |
| WAC 296-62-31110 | Procedures for handling emergency incidents at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. |
| WAC 296-62-3120 | Illumination. |
| WAC 296-62-3130 | Sanitation at temporary workplaces. |
| WAC 296-62-31305 | Potable water. |
| WAC 296-62-31310 | Nonpotable water. |
| WAC 296-62-31315 | Toilet facilities. |
| WAC 296-62-31320 | Food handling. |
| WAC 296-62-31325 | Temporary sleeping quarters. |
| WAC 296-62-31330 | Washing facilities. |
| WAC 296-62-31335 | Showers and change rooms. |
| WAC 296-62-3138 | New technology programs. |
| WAC 296-62-3140 | Certain operations conducted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). |
| WAC 296-62-31405 | Safety and health program under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31410 | Hazard communication program requirements under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31415 | Medical surveillance program requirements under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31420 | Decontamination program requirements under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31425 | New technology programs requirements under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31430 | Material handling program requirements under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31435 | Training program for new employees under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31440 | Training program for current employees. |
| WAC 296-62-31445 | RCRA requirements for trainers. |
| WAC 296-62-31450 | Emergency response program requirements under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31455 | Emergency response plan under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31460 | Elements of an emergency response plan under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31465 | Training requirements for emergency response under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-31470 | Procedures for handling emergency incidents under RCRA. |
| WAC 296-62-3152 | Appendices to Part P -- Hazardous waste operations and TSD facilities. |
| WAC 296-62-3160 | Appendix A -- Personal protective equipment test methods. |
| WAC 296-62-3170 | Appendix B -- General description and discussion of the levels of protection and protective gear. |
| WAC 296-62-3180 | Appendix C -- Compliance guidelines. |
| WAC 296-62-3190 | Appendix D -- References. |
| WAC 296-62-3195 | Appendix E -- Training curriculum guidelines. |
OTS-7355.2
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 03-10-068, filed 5/6/03,
effective 8/1/03)
WAC 296-307-018
What are the employer's
responsibilities?
You must:
(1) Provide a safe and healthful working environment.
(2) Ensure that employees do not use defective or unsafe tools and equipment, including tools and equipment that may be furnished by the employee.
(3) Implement a written accident prevention program as required by these standards.
(4) Implement a hazard communication program as required by WAC 296-307-550.
(5) Establish a system for reporting and recording accidents on the OSHA 200 log. (See chapter 296-27 WAC.)
(6) Provide safety education and training programs.
(7) Implement the requirements of WAC 296-62-074 through 296-62-07451 to ensure the safety of employees who are exposed to cadmium in the workplace.
(8) Implement the requirements of WAC ((296-62-145))
296-307-642 through ((296-62-14529)) 296-307-656 to ensure the
safety of employees who are exposed to confined spaces in the
workplace.
(9) Control chemical agents.
You must:
Control chemical agents in a manner that they will not present a hazard to your workers; or
Protect workers from the hazard of contact with, or exposure to, chemical agents.
| Reference: | Pesticides are chemical agents and are covered by chapter 296-307 WAC Part I, Pesticides (worker
protection standard). Pesticides may also be covered by (( |
You must:
Protect employees from exposure to hazardous concentrations of biological agents that may result from processing, handling or using materials or waste.
| Note: | Examples of biological agents include: |
| Animals or animal waste | |
| Body fluids | |
| Biological agents in a medical research lab | |
| Mold or mildew. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-018, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-307-018, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040. 98-24-096, § 296-307-018, filed 12/1/98, effective 3/1/99. 97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-018, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-22-048, § 296-306A-018, filed 10/31/96, effective 12/1/96.]
You must:
Make sure that first-aid trained personnel are available to provide quick and effective first aid.
Make sure appropriate first-aid supplies are readily available.
| Note: | |
| | Employers who require their employees to provide first aid must comply with the bloodborne pathogen rule,
chapter 296-823 WAC (( |
| | Additional requirements relating to first aid are also located in the following sections: |
| | WAC 296-307-07013(12), What rules apply to vehicles used to transport employees? |
| | WAC 296-307-16175, First-aid requirements for operators of temporary worker housing. |
| | WAC 296-307-16380, First-aid requirements for operators of cherry harvest camps. |
| Definitions: |
| First aid: | The extent of treatment you would expect from a person trained in basic first aid, using supplies from a first-aid kit. |
| Emergency medical service: | Medical treatment and care given at the scene of any medical emergency or while transporting any victim to a medical facility. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 04-07-160, § 296-307-039, filed 3/23/04, effective 5/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, [49.17].050. 02-12-098, § 296-307-039, filed 6/5/02, effective 8/1/02; 01-17-033, § 296-307-039, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01. 97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-039, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-22-048, § 296-306A-039, filed 10/31/96, effective 12/1/96.]
Make sure first-aid supplies are readily available. (See first-aid kit table.)
Make sure first-aid supplies at your workplace are appropriate to:
- Your occupational setting.
The response time of your emergency medical services.
First-Aid Kit Table
| Number of employees normally assigned to worksite | Minimum first-aid supplies required at worksite |
| 1 - 15 Employees | 1 First-aid kit |
| 16 - 30 Employees | 2 First-aid kits |
| 31 - 50 Employees | 3 First-aid kits |
| (( |
| Note: | First-aid kits from your local retailer or safety supplier should be adequate for most nonindustrial employers. |
| The following is a list of suggested items for your first-aid kit: | |
| 1 absorbent compress, 4 x 8 inches | |
| 16 adhesive bandages, 1 x 3 inches | |
| 1 adhesive tape, 5 yards long | |
| 10 antiseptic single-use packages, 0.5 g application | |
| 6 burn treatment single-use packages, 0.5 g application | |
| 1 eye covering (for two eyes) | |
| 1 eye wash, 1 fluid ounce | |
| 4 sterile pads, 3 x 3 inches | |
| 2 pair of medical exam gloves | |
| 1 triangular bandage, 39 x 39 x 55 inches | |
| Optional first-aid kit contents | |
| Bandage compresses, 2 x 2 inches, 3 x 3 inches and 5 x 5 inches | |
| Self-activating cold packs, 4 x 5 inches | |
| Roller bandages, 6 yards long | |
| Mouth-to-mouth barrier for CPR | |
| Kits should be checked at least weekly to ensure adequate number of needed items are available. | |
| Kits may be carried in any motor vehicle that is used near the crew. |
Make sure that first-aid supplies are:
- Easily accessible to all your employees.
- Stored in containers that protect them from damage, deterioration, or contamination. Containers must be clearly marked, not locked, and may be sealed.
- Able to be moved to the location of an injured or acutely ill worker.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-307-03920, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01.]
| Note: | Silage pits are exempt from this section. |
| Reference: | For requirements relating to confined spaces, see WAC 296-307-642 through 296-307-656. |
(2) When employees are required to work in a trench or a pit 4 feet deep or more, the trench or the pit must be shored or sloped according to the following table:
SOIL OR ROCK TYPE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE |
SLOPES (H:V) (1) FOR EXCAVATIONS LESS THAN 20 FEET DEEP (2) |
STABLE ROCK |
VERTICAL (90°) |
| TYPE A | 3/4:1 (53°) |
| TYPE B | 1:1 (45°) |
| TYPE C | 1 1/2:1 (34°) |
| 1 | Numbers in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles in degrees from the horizontal. Angles have been rounded off. |
| 2 | Sloping or benching for excavations greater than 20 feet deep must be designed by a registered professional engineer. |
(3) Each soil and rock deposit must be classified by a competent person as Stable Rock, Type A, B, or C according to the definitions in WAC 296-155-66401. "Competent person" means someone who is able to identify working conditions that are hazardous to employees, and has authority to take prompt action to eliminate the hazards.
(4) Classification of the deposits must be based on the results of at least one visual and at least one manual analysis. The analyses must be conducted by a competent person using tests in recognized methods of soil classification and testing such as those adopted by the American Society for Testing Materials, or the U.S. Department of Agriculture textural classification system.
[97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-061, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-22-048, § 296-306A-061, filed 10/31/96, effective 12/1/96.]
(1) The vehicles are well equipped, covered against the weather, and maintained in good mechanical condition at all times.
(2) A sufficient number of properly secured seats are provided in each vehicle to accommodate the number of employees transported. When emergency conditions make it necessary to transport more employees than the seating capacity can accommodate, all employees must ride within the vehicle. No employee may ride on fenders or running boards of the vehicle.
(3) No employees may ride in or on any vehicle with their legs hanging over the end or sides. All trucks without tail gates should have safety bars.
(4) The vehicles have storage strong enough to retain sharp tools that could present a hazard to employees being transported.
(5) All dump-trucks used to transport employees have an adequate safety chain or locking device to ensure that the body of the truck is not raised while employees are riding in it.
(6) Explosives or highly inflammable materials are not carried in or on the vehicle while it is used to transport employees.
(7) Exhaust systems are installed and maintained in proper condition, and are designed to eliminate the employee exposure to exhaust gases and fumes.
(8) Within the cab, crew trucks must carry only the number of passengers for which they are designed. In any seating arrangement, the driver must be able to maintain full freedom of motion. The driver's normal vision must be free from obstruction by passengers or the seating arrangement.
(9) All enclosed crew trucks have an emergency exit in addition to the regular entrance.
(10) Trucks used for hauling gravel may be used as crew trucks if they meet the following requirements:
(a) Steps in proper places;
(b) Wooden floors;
(c) Securely fastened seats;
(d) Truck is properly covered; and
(e) Compliance with all other general regulations covering crew trucks.
(11) Half-ton vehicles must haul no more than six persons including driver. Three-quarter-ton vehicles must haul no more than eight persons including driver.
(12) The vehicle is equipped with the first-aid supplies
required by WAC ((296-307-042)) 296-307-03920, two blankets,
and a fire extinguisher.
| Note: | Additional requirements relating to first aid are located in WAC 296-307-039. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-307-07013, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040. 98-24-096, § 296-307-07013, filed 12/1/98, effective 3/1/99. 97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-07013, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-22-048, § 296-306A-07013, filed 10/31/96, effective 12/1/96.]
(a) Preapplication activities, including, but not limited to:
(i) Arranging for the application of the pesticide;
(ii) Mixing and loading the pesticide; and
(iii) Making necessary preparations for the application of the pesticide, including responsibilities related to worker notification, training of handlers, decontamination, use and care of personal protective equipment, emergency information, and heat stress management.
(b) Application of the pesticide.
(c) Post-application activities necessary to reduce the risks of illness and injury resulting from handlers' and workers' occupational exposures to pesticide residues during the restricted-entry interval plus thirty days. These activities include, but are not limited to, responsibilities related to worker training, notification, and decontamination.
(d) Other pesticide-related activities, including, but not limited to, providing emergency assistance, transporting or storing pesticides that have been opened, and disposing of excess pesticides, spray mix, equipment wash waters, pesticide containers, and other pesticide-containing materials.
(2) A person who has a duty under this chapter, as referenced on the pesticide product label, and who fails to perform that duty, violates RCW 15.58.330 and 17.21.315, and is subject to civil penalties under RCW 15.58.335, 15.58.260 and 17.21.315.
(3) FIFRA section 14 (b)(4) provides that a person is liable for a penalty under FIFRA if another person employed by or acting for that person violates any provision of FIFRA. The term "acting for" includes both employment and contractual relationships.
(4) The requirements of this chapter, including the
decontamination requirements, shall not, for the purposes of
section 653 (b)(1) of Title 29 of the U.S. Code, be deemed to
be the exercise of statutory authority to prescribe or enforce
standards or regulations affecting the general sanitary
hazards addressed by ((the WISHA)) Field Sanitation
((Standard)), WAC ((296-24-120)) 296-307-095, or other
agricultural, nonpesticide hazards.
[97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-11015, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-20-082, § 296-306A-11015, filed 9/30/96, effective 11/1/96.]
(2) Definition.
(a) Personal protective equipment (PPE) means devices and apparel that are worn to protect the body from contact with pesticides or pesticide residues, including, but not limited to, coveralls, chemical-resistant suits, chemical-resistant gloves, chemical-resistant footwear, respiratory protection devices, chemical-resistant aprons, chemical-resistant headgear, and protective eyewear.
(b) Long-sleeved shirts, short-sleeved shirts, long pants, short pants, shoes, socks, and other items of work clothing are not considered personal protective equipment for the purposes of this section and are not subject to the requirements of this section, although pesticide labeling may require that such work clothing be worn during some activities.
(3) Provision. When personal protective equipment is specified by the labeling of any pesticide for any handling activity, the handler employer shall provide the appropriate personal protective equipment in clean and operating condition to the handler.
(a) When "chemical-resistant" personal protective equipment is specified by the product labeling, it shall be made of material that allows no measurable movement of the pesticide being used through the material during use.
(b) When "waterproof" personal protective equipment is specified by the product labeling, it shall be made of material that allows no measurable movement of water or aqueous solutions through the material during use.
(c) When a "chemical-resistant suit" is specified by the product labeling, it shall be a loose-fitting, one-piece or two-piece chemical-resistant garment that covers, at a minimum, the entire body except head, hands, and feet.
(d) When "coveralls" are specified by the product labeling, they shall be a loose-fitting, one-piece or two-piece garment, such as a cotton or cotton and polyester coverall, that covers, at a minimum, the entire body except head, hands, and feet. The pesticide product labeling may specify that the coveralls be worn over another layer of clothing.
(e) Gloves shall be of the type specified by the product labeling. Gloves or glove linings made of leather, cotton, or other absorbent material shall not be worn for handling activities unless such materials are listed on the product labeling as acceptable for such use.
(f) When "chemical-resistant footwear" is specified by the product labeling, one of the following types of footwear must be worn:
(i) Chemical-resistant shoes.
(ii) Chemical-resistant boots.
(iii) Chemical-resistant shoe coverings worn over shoes or boots.
(g) When "protective eyewear" is specified by the product labeling, one of the following types of eyewear must be worn:
(i) Goggles.
(ii) Face shield.
(iii) Safety glasses with front, brow, and temple protection.
(iv) Full-face respirator.
(h) When a "chemical-resistant apron" is specified by the product labeling, an apron that covers the front of the body from mid-chest to the knees shall be worn.
(i) When a respirator is specified by the product
labeling, it shall be appropriate for the pesticide product
used and for the activity to be performed. The handler
employer shall assure that the respirator fits correctly by
using the procedures consistent with chapter ((296-62))
296-307 WAC, Part ((E)) Y-5. If the label does not specify
the type of respirator to be used, it shall meet the
requirements of chapter ((296-62)) 296-307 WAC, Part ((E))
Y-5. The respiratory protection requirements of ((the general
occupational health standards,)) chapter ((296-62)) 296-307
WAC, Part ((E)) Y-5, shall apply.
(j) When "chemical-resistant headgear" is specified by the product labeling, it shall be either a chemical-resistant hood or a chemical-resistant hat with a wide brim.
(4) Exceptions to personal protective equipment specified on product labeling.
(a) Body protection.
(i) A chemical-resistant suit may be substituted for "coveralls," and any requirement for an additional layer of clothing beneath is waived.
(ii) A chemical-resistant suit may be substituted for "coveralls" and a chemical-resistant apron.
(b) Boots. If chemical-resistant footwear with sufficient durability and a tread appropriate for wear in rough terrain is not obtainable, then leather boots may be worn in such terrain.
(c) Gloves. If chemical-resistant gloves with sufficient durability and suppleness are not obtainable, then during handling activities with roses or other plants with sharp thorns, leather gloves may be worn over chemical-resistant glove liners. However, once leather gloves are worn for this use, thereafter they shall be worn only with chemical-resistant liners and they shall not be worn for any other use.
(d) Closed systems. If handling tasks are performed using properly functioning systems that enclose the pesticide to prevent it from contacting handlers or other persons, and if such systems are used and are maintained in accordance with that manufacturer's written operating instructions, exceptions to labeling-specified personal protective equipment for the handling activity are permitted as provided in (d)(i) and (ii) of this subsection.
(i) Persons using a closed system to mix or load pesticides with a signal word of DANGER or WARNING may substitute a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes, socks, chemical-resistant apron, and any protective gloves specified on the labeling for handlers for the labeling-specified personal protective equipment.
(ii) Persons using a closed system to mix or load pesticides other than those in (d)(i) of this subsection or to perform other handling tasks may substitute a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes, and socks for the labeling-specified personal protective equipment.
(iii) Persons using a closed system that operates under pressure shall wear protective eyewear.
(iv) Persons using a closed system shall have all labeling-specified personal protective equipment immediately available for use in an emergency.
(e) Enclosed cabs. If handling tasks are performed from inside a cab that has a nonporous barrier which totally surrounds the occupants of the cab and prevents contact with pesticides outside of the cab, exceptions to personal protective equipment specified on the product labeling for that handling activity are permitted as provided in (e)(i) through (iv) of this subsection.
(i) Persons occupying an enclosed cab may substitute a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes, and socks for the labeling-specified personal protective equipment. If a respiratory protection device is specified on the pesticide product labeling for the handling activity, it must be worn.
(ii) Persons occupying an enclosed cab that has a properly functioning ventilation system which is used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's written operating instructions and which is declared in writing by the manufacturer and by the Washington state department of labor and industries to provide respiratory protection equivalent to or greater than a dust/mist filtering respirator may substitute a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes, and socks for the labeling-specified personal protective equipment. If a respiratory protection device other than a dust/mist-filtering respirator is specified on the pesticide product labeling, it must be worn.
(iii) Persons occupying an enclosed cab that has a properly functioning ventilation system which is used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's written operating instructions and which is declared in writing by the manufacturer and by the Washington state department of labor and industries to provide respiratory protection equivalent to or greater than the vapor-removing or gas-removing respirator specified on pesticide product labeling may substitute a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes, and socks for the labeling-specified personal protective equipment. If an air-supplying respirator or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is specified on the pesticide product labeling, it must be worn.
(iv) Persons occupying an enclosed cab shall have all labeling-specified personal protective equipment immediately available and stored in a chemical-resistant container, such as a plastic bag. They shall wear such personal protective equipment if it is necessary to exit the cab and contact pesticide-treated surfaces in the treated area. Once personal protective equipment is worn in the treated area, it must be removed before reentering the cab.
(f) Aerial applications.
(i) Use of gloves. Chemical-resistant gloves shall be worn when entering or leaving an aircraft contaminated by pesticide residues. In the cockpit, the gloves shall be kept in an enclosed container to prevent contamination of the inside of the cockpit.
(ii) Open cockpit. Persons occupying an open cockpit shall use the personal protective equipment specified in the product labeling for use during application, except that chemical-resistant footwear need not be worn. A helmet may be substituted for chemical-resistant headgear. A visor may be substituted for protective eyewear.
(iii) Enclosed cockpit. Persons occupying an enclosed cockpit may substitute a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes, and socks for labeling-specified personal protective equipment.
(g) Crop advisors. Crop advisors entering treated areas while a restricted-entry interval is in effect may wear the personal protective equipment specified on the pesticide labeling for early entry activities instead of the personal protective equipment specified on the pesticide labeling for handling activities, provided:
(i) Application has been completed for at least four hours.
(ii) Any inhalation exposure level listed in the labeling has been reached or any ventilation criteria established by WAC 296-307-12015 (3)(c) or in the labeling have been met.
(5) Use of personal protective equipment.
(a) The handler employer shall assure that personal protective equipment is used correctly for its intended purpose and is used according to the manufacturer's instructions.
(b) The handler employer shall assure that, before each day of use, all personal protective equipment is inspected for leaks, holes, tears, or worn places, and any damaged equipment is repaired or discarded.
(6) Cleaning and maintenance.
(a) The handler employer shall assure that all personal protective equipment is cleaned according to the manufacturer's instructions or pesticide product labeling instructions before each day of reuse. In the absence of any such instructions, it shall be washed thoroughly in detergent and hot water.
(b) If any personal protective equipment cannot be cleaned properly, the handler employer shall dispose of the personal protective equipment in accordance with any applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Coveralls or other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with an undiluted pesticide that has the signal word DANGER or WARNING on the label shall be not be reused.
(c) The handler employer shall assure that contaminated personal protective equipment is kept separately and washed separately from any other clothing or laundry.
(d) The handler employer shall assure that all clean personal protective equipment shall be either dried thoroughly before being stored or shall be put in a well ventilated place to dry.
(e) The handler employer shall assure that all personal protective equipment is stored separately from personal clothing and apart from pesticide-contaminated areas.
(f) The handler employer shall assure that when dust/mist filtering respirators are used, the filters shall be replaced:
(i) When breathing resistance becomes excessive.
(ii) When the filter element has physical damage or tears.
(iii) According to manufacturer's recommendations or pesticide product labeling, whichever is more frequent.
(iv) In the absence of any other instructions or indications of service life, at the end of each day's work period.
(g) The handler employer shall assure that when gas-removing or vapor-removing respirators are used, the gas-removing or vapor-removing canisters or cartridges shall be replaced:
(i) At the first indication of odor, taste, or irritation.
(ii) According to manufacturer's recommendations or pesticide product labeling, whichever is more frequent.
(iii) In the absence of any other instructions or indications of service life, at the end of each day's work period.
(h) The handler employer shall inform any person who cleans or launders personal protective equipment:
(i) That such equipment may be contaminated with pesticides.
(ii) Of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to pesticides.
(iii) Of the correct way(s) to clean personal protective equipment and to protect themselves when handling such equipment.
(i) The handler employer shall assure that handlers have a clean place(s) away from pesticide storage and pesticide use areas where they may:
(i) Store personal clothing not in use.
(ii) Put on personal protective equipment at the start of any exposure period.
(iii) Remove personal protective equipment at the end of any exposure period.
(j) The handler employer shall not allow or direct any handler to wear home or to take home personal protective equipment contaminated with pesticides.
(7) Heat-related illness. When the use of personal protective equipment is specified by the labeling of any pesticide for the handling activity, the handler employer shall assure that no handler is allowed or directed to perform the handling activity unless appropriate measures are taken, if necessary, to prevent heat-related illness.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040. 98-24-096, § 296-307-13045, filed 12/1/98, effective 3/1/99. 97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-13045, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-20-082, § 296-306A-13045, filed 9/30/96, effective 11/1/96.]
(a) The operator must supply electricity to all dwelling units, kitchen facilities, bathroom facilities, common areas, and laundry facilities.
(b) All electrical wiring, fixtures and electrical equipment must comply with department of labor and industries regulations, chapter 19.28 RCW and local ordinances, and maintained in a safe condition.
(2) Electricity requirements in tents.
(a) Each individual tent must have at least one separate floor-type or wall-type convenience outlet. If the operator provides a refrigerator in the tent, a dedicated outlet must be provided for it.
(b) All electrical wiring and equipment installed in
tents must meet the requirements of WAC ((296-46-100))
296-45-045.
(c) All electrical appliances to be connected to the electrical supply must meet the requirements for the load calculations as required by chapter 19.28 RCW.
(d) Electrical wiring exiting the tent to connect to the GFI outside outlet must be placed in approved flexible conduit not to exceed six feet in length.
(e) All wiring located inside the tent must be placed in conduit for protection and connected to a surface to secure the wiring to prevent movement. Wiring must be located to prevent tripping or safety hazards.
(f) Receptacles and lighting fixtures must be UL Listed and approved by the department for use in the tent.
(3) General lighting requirements.
(a) The operator must provide adequate lighting sufficient to carry on normal daily activities in all common use areas.
(b) Laundry and toilet rooms and rooms where people congregate must have at least one ceiling-type or wall-type fixture. Where portable toilets are used, lighting requirements can be met by area illumination.
(c) The operator must provide adequate lighting for safe passage for camp occupants to handwashing sinks and toilets.
(d) The operator must provide adequate lighting for shower rooms during hours of operation.
Note: Lighting requirements may be met by natural or artificial means.
(4) Lighting requirements in tents.
(a) Tents must have adequate lighting sufficient to carry on all normal daily activities. For example: Three 100-watt bulbs located at the top ridge of the frame and are UL Listed or equivalent.
(b) Each tent must have at least one ceiling-type light fixture.
(c) Food preparation areas, if located in the tent, must have at least one lighting fixture located to provide task lighting over the food preparation area.
(d) Alternate lighting appliances must provide adequate lighting. In addition, if using two or more propane, butane, or white gas lighting appliances, a carbon monoxide monitor must be provided and located not more than thirty inches from the floor.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050 and 1999 c 374. 00-06-081, § 296-307-16340, filed 3/1/00, effective 3/1/00.]
[97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-50025, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-22-048, § 296-306A-50025, filed 10/31/96, effective 12/1/96.]
[97-09-013, recodified as § 296-307-50029, filed 4/7/97, effective 4/7/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17.]050 and [49.17.]060. 96-22-048, § 296-306A-50029, filed 10/31/96, effective 12/1/96.]
OTS-7356.1
Part U-3
Other Hazardous Materials
Dipping and Coating Operations (Dip Tanks)((Part U-3
Other Hazardous Materials))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 03-10-068, filed 5/6/03,
effective 8/1/03)
WAC 296-307-45010
Provide proper ventilation for the
vapor area.
You must:
Make sure mechanical ventilation meets the requirements of one or more of the following standards:
NFPA 34-1995, Standard for Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids
ACGIH's "Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice" (22nd ed., 1995)
ANSI Z9.1-1971, Practices for Ventilation and Operation of Open-Surface Tanks and ANSI Z9.2-1979, Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems.
| Note: | Some, or all, of the consensus standards (such as ANSI and NFPA) may have been revised. If you comply with a later version of a consensus standard, you will be considered to have complied with any previous version of the same consensus standard. |
Limit the vapor area to the smallest practical space by using mechanical ventilation
Keep airborne concentration of any substance below twenty-five percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL)
Make sure mechanical ventilation draws the flow of air into a hood or exhaust duct
Have a separate exhaust system for each dip tank if the combination of substances being removed could cause a:
Fire
Explosion
OR
Potentially hazardous chemical reaction.
| Reference: | You need to keep employee exposure within safe levels when the liquid in a dip tank creates an
exposure hazard. See (( |
| Note: | You may use a tank cover or material that floats on the surface of the liquid to replace or assist ventilation. The method or combination of methods you choose has to maintain the airborne concentration of the hazardous material and the employee's exposure within safe limits. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-45010, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03.]
(1) Drain the contents of the tank and open any cleanout doors.
(2) Ventilate the tank to clear any accumulated hazardous vapors.
| Reference: | There may be requirements that apply before an employee enters a dip tank. See (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-45035, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03.]
You must:
Make sure the dip tank and the area around it are thoroughly cleaned of solvents and vapors before performing work involving:
Welding
Burning
OR
Open flames.
| Reference: | There are additional requirements for this type of work. See Welding, cutting and brazing, WAC 296-307-475, and (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-45045, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03.]
((Emergency Response))
REPEALER
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
| WAC 296-307-452 | Scope. |
| WAC 296-307-45210 | Planning. |
| WAC 296-307-45220 | Training. |
| WAC 296-307-45230 | Medical surveillance. |
| WAC 296-307-45240 | Keep records. |
| WAC 296-307-45400 | Incident requirements. |
| WAC 296-307-45410 | Implement and maintain an incident command system (ICS). |
| WAC 296-307-45420 | Prepare skilled support personnel. |
| WAC 296-307-45430 | Make sure the incident commander oversees activities during the response. |
| WAC 296-307-45440 | Use the buddy system in danger areas. |
| WAC 296-307-45450 | Provide rescue and medical assistance. |
| WAC 296-307-45600 | Personal protective equipment. |
| WAC 296-307-45610 | Control hazards created by personal protective equipment (PPE). |
| WAC 296-307-45620 | Use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly. |
| WAC 296-307-45800 | Postemergency response. |
| WAC 296-307-46000 | Definitions. |
OTS-7357.2
Part Y-1
Employer Chemical Hazard Communication
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-17-033, filed 8/8/01,
effective 9/1/01)
WAC 296-307-550
Employer chemical hazard
communication -- Introduction.
Important:
Thousands of chemicals can be found in today's workplaces. These chemicals may have the capacity to cause health problems, from minor skin irritations to serious injuries or diseases like cancer.
The employer chemical hazard communication rule was developed to make sure employers and employees are informed about chemical hazards in the workplace.
This rule applies to:
Employers engaged in businesses where chemicals are used, distributed, or produced for use or distribution.
Contractors or subcontractors that work for employers engaged in businesses where chemicals are used, distributed, or produced for use or distribution.
| Note: |
| | If you produce, import, distribute and/or repackage chemicals, or choose not to rely on labels or material
safety data sheets provided by the manufacturer or importer, you must comply with (( |
| | You may withhold trade secret information under certain circumstances, see Trade secrets, WAC 296-62-053, to find out what information may be withheld as a trade secret and what information must be released. |
| EXEMPTIONS: |
| | For the purposes of this employer hazard communication rule, if you are engaged in agricultural production of crops or livestock, "employee" does not mean: |
| - Immediate family members of the officers of any corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship or other business entity or officers of any closely held corporation. |
| | Certain products, chemicals, or items are exempt from this rule. Below is a summarized list of these exemptions. See WAC 296-307-55055 at the end of this rule to get complete information about these exemptions: |
| - Any hazardous waste or substance | |
| - Tobacco or tobacco products | |
| - Wood or wood products that are not chemically treated and will not be processed, for example, by sawing and sanding | |
| - Food or alcoholic beverages | |
| - Some drugs, such as retail or prescription medications | |
| - Retail cosmetics | |
| - Ionizing and nonionizing radiation | |
| - Biological hazards | |
| - Any consumer product or hazardous substance when workplace exposure is the same as that of a consumer | |
| ♦ Retail products used in offices in the same manner and frequency used by consumers can be termed "consumer products." Consumer products include things such as: Correction fluid, glass cleaner, and dishwashing liquid. |
| Example: | If you use a household cleaner in your workplace in the same way that a consumer would use it when cleaning their house, the exposure should be the same as the consumer's. ("In the same way" means using the household cleaner in the same manner and frequency.) A janitor using a household cleaner, such as bleach, throughout the day, is not considered to be consumer use. |
| Manufactured items that remain intact are exempt for this rule. | |
| The following are examples: |
| Item | Covered by this rule | Not covered by this rule |
| Brick | sawed or cut in half | used whole or intact |
| Pipe | cut by a torch | bent with a tube bender |
| Nylon rope | burning the ends | tying a knot |
| Manufactured items that are fluids or in the form of particles are not exempt for this rule. |
To inform and train your employees about the hazards of chemicals they may be exposed to during normal working conditions, or in foreseeable emergencies by:
Making a list of the hazardous chemicals present in your workplace
Preparing a written Chemical Hazard Communication Program for your workplace
Informing your employees about this rule and your program
Providing training to your employees about working in the presence of hazardous chemicals
Getting and keeping the material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for the hazardous chemicals
Making sure that labels on containers of hazardous chemicals are in place and easy to read
You must:
Develop, implement, maintain, and make available a written Chemical Hazard Communication Program
Identify and list all the hazardous chemicals present in your workplace
Obtain and maintain material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for each hazardous chemical used
Make sure that material safety data sheets (MSDSs) are readily accessible to your employees
Label containers holding hazardous chemicals
Inform and train your employees about hazardous chemicals in your workplace
Follow these rules for laboratories using hazardous chemicals
Follow these rules for handling chemicals in factory sealed containers
The department must:
Translate certain chemical hazard communication documents upon request
Attempt to obtain a material safety data sheet (MSDS) upon request
Exemption: Items or chemicals exempt from the rule, and exemptions from labeling
Definitions
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-307-550, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01.]
You must:
Obtain a MSDS for each hazardous chemical used as soon as possible if the MSDS is not provided with the shipment of a hazardous chemical from the chemical manufacturer or importer.
| Note: |
| | To obtain a MSDS, you may try calling the manufacturer or checking their website. |
| | If you have a commercial account with a retailer or wholesaler, you have the right to request and receive a MSDS about hazardous chemicals you purchase. |
| | If a chemical is purchased from a retailer with no commercial accounts, you have the right to request and receive the manufacturer's name and address so that you can contact them and request a MSDS for the chemical. |
| | Whoever prepares the MSDS is required to mark all blocks on the form, even if there is no relevant information for that section. |
| | If you have problems getting a MSDS within 30 calendar days after making a written request to the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor, you can get help from WISHA. You may contact your local regional office for assistance or make a written request for assistance to the: |
| Department of Labor and Industries | |
| Right-to-Know Program P.O. Box 44610 |
|
| Olympia, Washington 98504-4610 |
| | Include in your request: |
| | A copy of the purchaser's written request to the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor |
| | The name of the product suspected of containing a hazardous chemical |
| | The identification number of the product, if available |
| | A copy of the product label, if available |
| | The name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor from whom the product was obtained |
Maintain a MSDS for each hazardous chemical:
- Keep copies of the required MSDSs for each hazardous chemical present in your workplace. These may be kept in any form, including as a part of operating procedures.
- Each MSDS must be in English. You may also keep copies in other languages.
| Note: |
| | If you choose not to rely on MSDSs or labels provided by the manufacturer or importer, you must comply
with the chemical hazard communication standard for manufacturers, importers, and distributors, WAC
(( |
| | It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals. MSDSs can be designed to cover groups of hazardous chemicals in a work area. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-370-55015, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01.]
| Note: | The employer chemical hazard communication information and training requirements also apply to pesticides. Employers who have employees who are exposed to pesticides must be in compliance with this rule and the worker protection standards, WAC 296-307-12040. |
Provide employees with effective information on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial job assignment. Whenever a new physical or health hazard related to chemical exposure is introduced into their employees' work areas, information must be provided.
Inform employees of:
♦ The requirements of this rule.
♦ Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present.
♦ The location and availability of your written Chemical Hazard Communication Program, including the list(s) of hazardous chemicals and material safety data sheets (MSDSs) required by this rule.
Provide employees with effective training about hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial job assignment. Whenever a new physical or health hazard related to chemical exposure is introduced, the employees must be trained.
Make sure that employee training includes:
Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area. Examples of these methods and observations may include:
♦ Monitoring conducted by you
♦ Continuous monitoring devices
♦ Visual appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when being released
Physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the work area, including the likely physical symptoms or effects of overexposure
Steps employees can take to protect themselves from the chemical hazards in your workplace, including specific procedures implemented by you to protect employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals. Specific procedures may include:
▪ Appropriate work practices
▪ Engineering controls
▪ Emergency procedures
▪ Personal protective equipment to be used
Details of the Chemical Hazard Communication Program developed by you, including an explanation of the labeling system and the MSDS, and how employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information.
Tailor information and training to the types of hazards to which employees will be exposed. The information and training may be designed to cover categories of hazards, such as flammability or cancer-causing potential, or it may address specific chemicals. Chemical-specific information must always be available through labels and MSDSs.
Make reasonable efforts to post notices in your employees' native languages (as provided by the department) if those employees have trouble communicating in English.
| Note: |
| | Interactive computer-based training or training videos can be used provided they are effective. |
| | Your MSDSs may not have WISHA permissible exposure limits (PELs) listed. In some cases, WISHA PELs
are stricter than the OSHA PELs and other exposure limits listed on the MSDSs you receive. If this is the
case, you must refer to the WISHA PEL table, WAC (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-55030, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-307-55030, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01.]
| Note: | Laboratories are required to have a written Chemical Hygiene Plan under WAC 296-62-400, if applicable. They are not required to have a written Chemical Hazard Communication Program. |
| You may combine your Accident Prevention Program and Chemical Hazard Communication Program to assist you in developing a Chemical Hygiene Plan for your laboratory. |
(1) Make sure that labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are in place and readable.
(2) Maintain material safety data sheets (MSDSs) received with incoming shipments of hazardous chemicals and make them available to laboratory employees when they are in their work areas.
(3) Provide laboratory employees with information and training as described in: "Inform and train your employees about hazardous chemicals in your workplace," WAC 296-307-55030, except for the part about the location and availability of the written Chemical Hazard Communication Program.
| Note: | Laboratory employers that ship hazardous chemicals are considered to be either chemical manufacturers or
distributors. When laboratory employers ship hazardous chemicals they must comply with the rule,
(( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-307-55035, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01.]
Chemical
((Any element, chemical compound, or mixture of elements
and/or compounds.)) An element or mixture of elements
OR
A compound or mixture of compounds
OR
A mixture of elements and compounds
Included are manufactured items (such as bricks, welding rods, and sheet metal) that are not exempt as an article.
Chemical manufacturer
An employer with a workplace where one or more chemicals are produced for use or distribution.
Chemical name
The scientific designation of a chemical ((in
accordance with one of the following)) developed by the:
(( The nomenclature system developed by the))
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
OR
(( The)) Chemical abstracts service (CAS) rules of
nomenclature
OR
(()) A name ((which will)) that clearly ((identify))
identifies the chemical for the purpose of conducting a hazard
evaluation.
Combustible liquid
((A combustible liquid has)) Liquids with a flashpoint of
at least 100°F (37.8°C) and below 200°F (93.3°C). A
mixture((s)) with at least 99% of ((their)) its components
having flashpoints of 200°F (93.3°C), or higher ((are)), is
not considered a combustible liquid((s)).
Commercial account
An arrangement ((in which a retail distributor sells
hazardous chemical(s) to an employer, generally in large
quantities over time, and/or at costs that are below the
regular retail price.)) where a retailer is selling hazardous
chemicals to an employer
Generally in large quantities over time
OR
At costs below regular retail price.
Common name
Any designation or identification used to identify a chemical other than the chemical name, such as a:
Code name or number
(( Code number)) OR
Trade or brand name
(( Brand name)) OR
Generic name ((used to identify a chemical other than
by its chemical name)).
Compressed gas
A contained gas or mixture of gases ((that, when in a
container, has)) with an absolute pressure ((exceeding))
greater than:
40 psi at 70°F (21.1°C)
OR
104 psi at 130°F (54.4°C) regardless of the pressure at 70°F (21.1°C)
OR
((Compressed gas can also mean)) A liquid with a vapor
pressure ((that exceeds)) greater than 40 psi at 100°F
(37.8°C) as determined by ASTM D323-72.
Container
((Any container, except for)) A vessel, other than a
pipe((s)) or piping system((s)), that ((contains)) holds a
hazardous chemical. ((It can be any of the following))
Examples include:
Bags
Barrels
Bottles
Boxes
Cans
Cylinders
Drums
Rail cars
Reaction vessels
Storage tanks.
Designated representative
((Any)) An individual or organization ((to which an
employee gives)) with written authorization from an employee.
OR
A recognized or certified collective bargaining agent
((without regard to written employee authorization)) (not
necessarily authorized by an employee).
OR
((The)) A legal representative of a deceased or legally
incapacitated employee.
Director
The director means the director of the department of labor and industries or their designee.
Distributor
A business, other than a chemical manufacturer or
importer, that supplies hazardous chemicals to other
distributors or to employers. See WAC ((296-62-054))
296-307-560 through 296-307-56050 for requirements dealing
with manufacturers, distributors and importers - hazard
communication.
Employee
The term employee and other terms of like meaning, unless the context of the provision containing such term indicates otherwise, means an employee of an employer who is employed in the business of his or her employer whether by way of manual labor or otherwise and every person in this state who is engaged in the employment of or who is working under an independent contract the essence of which is personal labor for an employer under this standard whether by way of manual labor or otherwise.
Employer
An employer is any person, firm, corporation, partnership, business trust, legal representative, or other business entity which engages in any business, industry, profession, or activity in this state and employs one or more employees or who contracts with one or more persons, the essence of which is the personal labor of such person or persons and includes the state, counties, cities, and all municipal corporations, public corporations, political subdivisions of the state, and charitable organizations: Provided, That any persons, partnership, or business entity not having employees, and who is covered by the Industrial Insurance Act must be considered both an employer and an employee.
Explosive
A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instant release of pressure, gas, and heat when exposed to a sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
Exposure or exposed
An employee has been, or may have possibly been, subjected to a hazardous chemical, toxic substance or harmful physical agent while working. An employee could have been exposed to hazardous chemicals, toxic substances, or harmful physical agents in any of the following ways:
Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin contact
Absorption
Related means.
The terms exposure and exposed only cover workplace exposure involving a toxic substance or harmful physical agent in the workplace different from typical nonoccupational situations in the way it is:
Used
Handled
Stored
Generated
OR
Present.
Flammable
A chemical ((covered by)) in one of the following
categories:
(( Aerosol flammable means an aerosol that, when tested
by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45 yields either a
flame projection more than 18 inches at full valve opening or
a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any
degree of valve opening;
Gas, flammable means:
A gas that, at temperature and pressure of the surrounding area, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13% by volume or less; or
A gas that, at temperature and pressure of the surrounding area, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12% by volume, regardless of the lower limit;
Liquid, flammable means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher, the total of which make up 99% or more of the total volume of the mixture.
Solid, flammable means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in WAC 296-52-417 or 29 CFR 1910.109(a), that is likely to cause fire through friction, moisture absorption, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily. Solid, inflammable also means that when the substance is ignited, it burns so powerfully and persistently that it creates a serious hazard. A chemical must be considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.)) Aerosols that, when tested using a method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yield either a:
Flame projection of more than eighteen inches at full valve opening
OR
A flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening
Gases that, at the temperature and pressure of the surrounding area, form a:
Flammable mixture with air at a concentration of thirteen percent, by volume, or less
OR
Range of flammable mixtures with air wider than twelve percent, by volume, regardless of the lower limit
Liquids with a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C). A mixture with at least ninety-nine percent of its components having flashpoints of 100°F (37.8°C), or higher, is not considered a flammable liquid
Solids, other than blasting agents or explosives, as defined in WAC 296-52-417 or 29 CFR 1910.109(a), that:
Is likely to cause fire through friction, moisture, absorption, spontaneous chemical change or retained heat from manufacturing or processing
OR
That can be readily ignited (and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a serious hazard)
OR
When tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, ignite and burn with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.
Flashpoint
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off ((a
vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite)) an ignitable
concentration of vapor, when tested by any of the following
measurement methods:
Tagliabue closed tester((: (See American National
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester,
Z11.24-1979 (ASTM D 56-79)))). Use this for liquids with a
viscosity ((of)) less than 45 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS)
at 100°F (37.8°C), that do not contain suspended solids and do
not ((have a tendency)) tend to form a surface film under
test((; or)). See American National Standard Method of Test
for Flashpoint by Tag Closed Tester, Z11.24.1979 (ASTM D
56-79)
Pensky-Martens closed tester((: (See American National
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Tester, Z11.7-1979 (ASTM D 93-79)))) for liquids with a
viscosity equal to, or greater than, 45 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C),
or for liquids that contain suspended solids, or ((that)) have
a tendency to form a surface film under test((; or)). See
American National Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by
Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, Z11.7.1979 (ASTM D 93-79)
Setaflash closed tester: ((())See American National
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Setaflash Closed
Tester (ASTM D 3278-78).(()))
((Note:)) Organic peroxides, which undergo auto
accelerating thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of
the flashpoint measurement methods specified above.
Foreseeable emergency
Any potential event that could result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace. Examples of foreseeable emergencies include equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment.
Hazardous chemical
((Any)) A chemical ((that)), which is a physical or
health hazard.
Hazard warning
((Can be a combination of)) Words, pictures, or symbols
(alone or in combination), ((or combination appearing)) that
appear on ((a)) labels (or other ((appropriate)) forms of
warning ((which shows the)) such as placards or tags) that
communicate specific physical and health hazard(s), (including
target organ effects), ((of the)) associated with chemical(s)
in ((the)) a container(((s))).
| (( |
((Any)) A chemical ((with the potential to cause acute or
chronic)) that may cause health effects in short or long-term
exposed employees((. The potential must be)) based on
statistically significant ((based on)) evidence from ((at
least one)) a single study conducted ((under)) by using
established scientific principles. Health hazards include,
but are not limited to, any of the following:
((Chemicals which are)) Carcinogens
Toxic or highly toxic ((agents)) substances
Reproductive toxins
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizers
Hepatotoxins (liver toxins)
Nephrotoxins (kidney toxins)
Neurotoxins (nervous system toxins)
((Agents which)) Substances that act on the
hematopoietic system (blood or blood forming system)
((Agents which)) Substances that can damage the lungs,
skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
((See WAC 296-62-054 for more definitions and
explanations about the scope of health hazards covered by this
part.
See WAC 296-62-054 for the criteria used for determining
whether or not a chemical is considered hazardous for purposes
of this rule.))
Identity
((Any)) A chemical or common name listed on the material
safety data sheet (MSDS) ((for the specific chemical. Each
identity used must allow cross-references among the:
Required list of hazardous chemicals
Chemical label
MSDSs)) and label.
Importer
The first business within the customs territory of the USA that:
Receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries
AND
Supplies them to manufacturers, distributors or employers within the USA.
((See WAC 296-62-054 for requirements dealing with
manufacturers, importers and distributors - hazard
communication.))
Material safety data sheet (MSDS)
Written ((or)), printed ((material)) or electronic
information (on paper, microfiche, or on-screen) that ((tells
you about the chemical(s), what it can do to and how to
protect yourself, others, or the environment.
For requirements for developing MSDSs see WAC 296-62-054 -- manufacturers, importers, and distributors - hazard communication)) informs manufacturers, distributors or employers about the chemical, its hazards and protective measures as required by this rule.
Mixture
((Any)) A combination of 2 or more chemicals (((if that
combination did not result from a chemical reaction))) that
retain their chemical identity after being combined.
Organic peroxide
((This is)) An organic compound containing the
bivalent-0-0-structure. It may be considered a structural
derivative of hydrogen peroxide if one or both of the hydrogen
atoms has been replaced by an organic radical.
Oxidizer
A chemical, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in WAC 296-52-417 or CFR 1910.109(a), that starts or promotes combustion in other materials, causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
Permissible exposure limits (PELs)
((PELs are airborne concentrations of substances measured
by their concentration in the air no matter what amount is
breathed by the employee. The permissible exposure limits
(PELs) must include the following four categories:
Permissible exposure limits - Time-weighted average (PEL-TWA) is the time-weighted average airborne exposure to any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week and must not be exceeded.
Permissible exposure limits - Short-term exposure limit (PEL-STEL) is the employee's 15-minute time-weighted average exposure which must not be exceeded at any time during a work day unless another time limit is specified in a parenthetical notation below the limit. If another time period is specified, the time-weighted average exposure over that time period must not be exceeded at any time during the working day.
Permissible exposure limits - Ceiling (PEL-C) is the employee's exposure which must not be exceeded during any part of the work day. If instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, then the ceiling must be assessed as a 15-minute time-weighted average exposure which must not be exceeded at any time over a working day.
Skin notation is the potential contribution to the overall employee exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membranes and eye, either by airborne, or more particularly, by direct contact with the substance. These substances are identified as having a skin notation in the OSHA and WISHA PEL tables (29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart Z and WAC 296-62-075, respectively).)) See WAC 296-307-628 for the definition of this term.
Physical hazard
A chemical that has scientifically valid evidence to show it is one of the following:
A combustible liquid
A compressed gas
Explosive
Flammable
An organic peroxide
An oxidizer
Pyrophoric
Unstable (reactive)
Water reactive.
Produce
((Any)) To do one or more of the following:
Manufacture
Process
Formulate
Blend
Extract
Generate
Emit
Repackage.
Purchaser
An employer who buys one or more hazardous chemicals to use in their workplace.
Pyrophoric
((A)) Chemicals ((is pyrophoric if it will)) that ignite
spontaneously in the air ((when the)) at a temperature ((is))
of 130°F (54.4°C) or below.
Responsible party
Someone who can provide ((appropriate)) more information
about the hazardous chemical and appropriate emergency
procedures.
Specific chemical identity
This term applies to chemical substances. It can mean the:
Chemical name
Chemical abstracts service (CAS) registry number
Any other information that reveals the precise chemical designation of the substance.
Trade secret
Any confidential:
Formula
Pattern
Process
Device
Information
Collection of information.
The trade secret is used in an employer's business and gives an opportunity to gain an advantage over competitors who do not know or use it.
See WAC 296-62-053 for requirements dealing with trade secrets.
Unstable (reactive)
((An unstable or reactive)) A chemical ((is one that)) in
its pure state, or as produced or transported, that will
vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or ((will)) become
self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure or
temperature.
Use
((Means to)) To do one or more of the following:
Package
Handle
React
Emit
Extract
Generate as a by-product
Transfer.
Water-reactive
A ((water-reactive)) chemical that reacts with water to
release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health
hazard.
Work area
A room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present.
Workplace
The term workplace means an establishment, job site, or project, at one geographical location containing one or more work areas.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050. 01-17-033, § 296-307-55060, filed 8/8/01, effective 9/1/01.]
Part Y-2Material Safety Data Sheets and Label Preparation
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 03-10-068, filed 5/6/03,
effective 8/1/03)
WAC 296-307-560
Scope.
This chapter sets minimum
requirements for content and distribution of material safety
data sheets (MSDSs) and labels for hazardous chemicals.
This chapter applies when you do one or more of the following:
Import, produce, or repackage chemicals, including manufactured items (such as bricks, welding rods, and sheet metal) that are not exempt as articles
Sell or distribute hazardous chemicals to manufacturers, distributors or employers
Choose not to rely on material safety data sheets
(MSDSs) provided by the importer, manufacturer or distributor.
| Note: | You are not required to evaluate chemicals or create MSDSs for chemicals you did not produce or import. If you decide to evaluate chemicals or create MSDSs, then the requirements of this chapter will apply to you. |
| Use Table 2 to determine which sections in this chapter apply to your workplace. |
| Exemptions: | All of the following are always exempt from this chapter: |
| Ionizing and nonionizing radiation | |
| Biological hazards | |
| Tobacco and tobacco products | |
| The chemicals and items listed in Table 1 are exempt from this chapter under the conditions specified. |
| Table 1 Conditional Exemptions From This Chapter |
|||
| This chapter does NOT apply to | When | ||
| Alcoholic beverages OR Foods |
Sold, used, or prepared in a retail establishment (such as a grocery store, restaurant, bar, or tavern) | ||
| An article (manufactured item) | It is not a fluid or particle | ||
| AND | |||
| It is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture for a particular end use function1 | |||
| AND | |||
| It releases only trace amounts of a hazardous chemical during normal use AND does not pose a physical or health risk to employees | |||
| Consumer products | Both criteria apply: | ||
| Produced or distributed for sale meeting the definition of "consumer products" in the Consumer Product Safety Act (see U.S. Code, Title 15, Chapter 47, section 20522) | They are used in the workplace for the same purpose as intended by the manufacturer or importer | ||
| OR
|
The duration and frequency of an employee's exposure is no more than the range of exposures that consumers might reasonably experience | ||
| Meeting the definition of "hazardous substances" in the Federal Hazardous Substance Act (see U.S. Code, Title 15, Chapter 30, section 12612) | |||
| Cosmetics | Packaged and sold in retail establishments | ||
| Drugs | In solid, final form (for example, tablets, or pills) for direct administration to the patient | ||
| Meeting the definition for "drugs" in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (see U.S. Code, Title 21, Chapter 9, Subchapter II, section 3212) | OR | ||
| Packaged and sold in retail establishments (for example, over-the-counter drugs) | |||
| OR | |||
| Intended for employee consumption while in the workplace (for example, first-aid supplies) | |||
| Hazardous solid wastes | Subject to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations3 | ||
| Meeting the definition of "hazardous wastes" in the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (see U.S. Code, Title 42, Chapter 82, Subchapter I, section 69032) | |||
| Hazardous substances | |||
| Released into the environment, meeting the definition of "hazardous substances" in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (see U.S. Code, Title 42, Chapter 103, Subchapter I, section 96012) | They are the focus of remedial or removal action being conducted under CERCLA in accordance with EPA regulations (Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)3) | ||
| Hazardous wastes | Subject to department of ecology regulations, chapter 173-303 WAC5, that address the accumulation, handling and management of hazardous waste, and describe all of the following: | ||
| Meeting the definition of "dangerous wastes" in the Hazardous Waste Management Act (see chapter 70.105 RCW4) | Safety Labeling Personnel training And other related requirements |
||
| Solid wood | All of the following apply: | ||
| OR | The material is not treated with hazardous chemicals | ||
| Wood products (for example, lumber, and paper) | The only hazard is potential flammability or combustibility | ||
| The product is not expected to be processed (for example, by sanding or sawing) | |||
| 1End use is dependent in whole, or in part, upon maintaining the item's original shape or design. If the item will be significantly altered from its original form, it can no longer be considered a manufactured item. | |
| 2This federal act is included in the United States Code. See http://www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/uscmain.html. | |
| 3EPA regulations are included in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). See http://www.epa.gov. | |
| 4This state act is included in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW). The RCW compiles all permanent laws of the state. See http://www.leg.wa.gov/wsladm/default.htm. | |
| 5See http://www.ecy.wa.gov. |
| Table 2 Section Application |
|||||
| If you | Then the sections marked with an "X" apply | ||||
| 56010 - 56015 | 56025 | 56030 - 56035 | 56045 | ||
| Import or produce chemicals | X | X | |||
| Sell or distribute hazardous chemicals to | |||||
| Manufacturers | |||||
| OR | |||||
| Distributors | |||||
| OR | |||||
| Employers (includes retail or wholesale transactions) | X | X | |||
| Choose to NOT rely on MSDSs provided by the importer, manufacturer or distributor | X | X | |||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-560, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03.]
You must:
Develop or obtain a complete and accurate material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each hazardous chemical or mixture according to ALL of the following:
ALL information in Table 8 must be completed. If there is no relevant information for a required item, this must be noted. Blank spaces are not permitted.
| Note: | No specific format is required for MSDSs; however, an example format (OSHA form 174) can be found online at: http://www.osha.gov |
| One MSDS can be developed for a group of complex mixtures (for example, jet fuels or crude oil) IF the health and physical hazards of the mixtures are similar (the amounts of chemicals in the mixture may vary). |
| Note: | You may report results of scientifically valid studies that tend to refute findings of hazards. |
| Note: | You may develop copies of MSDSs in other languages. |
Revise an MSDS when you become aware of new and significant information regarding the hazards of a chemical, or how to protect against the hazards
Within three months after you first become aware of the information
OR
Before the chemical is reintroduced into the workplace
if the chemical is no longer being used, produced or imported.
| Table 8 Information Required on MSDSs |
||
| The chemical's identity as it appears on the label | ||
| The date the MSDS was prepared or updated | ||
| A contact for additional information about the hazardous chemical and appropriate emergency procedures | ||
| Include all of the following: | ||
| Name | ||
| Address | ||
| Telephone number of the responsible party preparing or distributing the MSDS | ||
| The chemical's hazardous ingredients1 as determined by your hazard evaluation | ||
| For a single substance chemical, include the chemical and common name(s) of the substance | ||
| For mixtures tested as a whole | ||
| ▪ Include the common name(s) of the mixture | ||
| AND | ||
| ▪ List the chemical and common name(s) of ingredients that contribute to the known hazards | ||
| For mixtures NOT tested as a whole, list the chemical and common name(s) of hazardous ingredients | ||
| ▪ That make up 1% or more of the mixture, by weight or volume, including carcinogens (if 0.1% concentration or more, by weight or volume) | ||
| If ingredients are less than the above concentrations but may present a health risk to employees (for example, allergic reaction or exposure could exceed the permissible exposure limits, or PEL) they must be listed here | ||
| Exposure limits for airborne concentrations. Include ALL of the following, when they exist: | ||
| WISHA or OSHA PELs2 | ||
| ▪ The 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) | ||
| ▪ The short-term exposure limit (STEL), if available | ||
| ▪ Ceiling values, if available | ||
| Threshold limit values (TLVs) including 8-hour TWAs, STELs, and ceiling values | ||
| Other exposure limits used or recommended by the employer preparing the MSDS | ||
| Physical and chemical characteristics | ||
| For example, boiling point, vapor pressure, and odor | ||
| Fire, explosion data, and related information | ||
| For example, flashpoint, flammable and explosion limits, extinguishing media, and unusual fire or explosion hazards | ||
| Physical hazards of the chemical including reactivity information | ||
| For example, incompatibilities, decomposition products, by-products, and conditions to avoid | ||
| Health hazard information including ALL of the following: | ||
| Primary routes of exposure | ||
| For example, inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption or other contact3 | ||
| Health effects (or hazards) associated with: | ||
| ▪ Short-term exposure4 | ||
| AND | ||
| ▪ Long-term exposure4 | ||
| Whether the chemical is listed or described as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the latest editions of each of the following: | ||
| ▪ The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens | ||
| OR | ||
| ▪ The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs as a potential carcinogen | ||
| OR | ||
| ▪ WISHA or OSHA rules | ||
| Signs and symptoms of exposure5 | ||
| Medical conditions generally recognized as being aggravated by exposure | ||
| Emergency and first-aid procedures | ||
| Generally applicable precautions for safe handling and use known to the employer preparing the MSDS | ||
| For example, appropriate procedures for clean-up of spills and leaks, waste disposal method, precautions during handling and storing | ||
| Generally applicable and appropriate control measures known to the employer preparing the MSDS, including ALL of the following: | ||
| Engineering controls (for example, general or local exhaust ventilation) | ||
| Work practices | ||
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | ||
| Personal hygiene practices | ||
| Protective measures during repair and maintenance of contaminated equipment | ||
| 1The identities of some chemicals may be protected as trade secret information (see chapter 296-62 WAC, Part B-1, Trade secrets). | |
| 2WISHA PEL categories are defined, and values are provided, in chapter (( |
|
| 3A "skin notation" listed with either an ACGIH TLV or WISHA/OSHA PEL indicates that skin absorption is a primary route of exposure. | |
| 4Examples of: | |
| Short-term health effects (or hazards) include eye irritation, skin damage caused by contact with corrosives, narcosis, sensitization, and lethal dose. | |
| Long-term health effects (or hazards) include cancer, liver degeneration, and silicosis. | |
| 5Signs and symptoms of exposure to hazardous substances include those that: | |
| Can be measured such as decreased pulmonary function | |
| AND | |
| Are subjective such as feeling short of breath. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-56025, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03.]
Article (manufactured item)
A manufactured item that
Is not a fluid or particle
AND
Is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture for a particular end use function
AND
Releases only trace amounts of a hazardous chemical during normal use and does not pose a physical or health risk to employees.
Chemical
An element or mixture of elements
OR
A compound or mixture of compounds
OR
A mixture of elements and compounds
Included are manufactured items (such as bricks, welding rods and sheet metal) that are not exempt as an article.
Chemical name
The scientific designation of a chemical developed by the
International union of pure and applied chemistry (IUPAC)
OR
Chemical abstracts service (CAS) rules of nomenclature
OR
A name that clearly identifies the chemical for the purpose of conducting a hazard evaluation.
Combustible liquid
Liquids with a flashpoint of at least 100°F (37.8°C) and below 200°F (93.3°C). A mixture with at least 99% of its components having flashpoints of 200°F (93.3°C), or higher, is not considered a combustible liquid.
Commercial account
An arrangement where a retailer is selling hazardous chemicals to an employer
Generally in large quantities over time
OR
At costs below regular retail price.
Common name
Any designation or identification used to identify a chemical other than the chemical name, such as a
Code name or number
OR
Trade or brand name
OR
Generic name.
Compressed gas
A contained gas or mixture of gases with an absolute pressure greater than:
40 psi at 70°F (21.1°C)
OR
104 psi at 130°F (54.4°C) regardless of the pressure at 70°F (21.1°C)
OR
A liquid with a vapor pressure greater than 40 psi at 100°F (37.8°C), as determined by ASTM D323-72.
Container
A vessel, other than a pipe or piping system, that holds a hazardous chemical. Examples include:
Bags
Barrels
Bottles
Boxes
Cans
Cylinders
Drums
Reaction vessels
Storage tanks
Rail cars.
Designated representative
An individual or organization with written authorization from an employee
OR
A recognized or certified collective bargaining agent (not necessarily authorized by an employee)
OR
A legal representative of a deceased or legally incapacitated employee.
Distributor
A business that supplies hazardous chemicals to other employers. Included are employers who conduct retail and wholesale transactions.
Explosive
A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instant release of pressure, gas, and heat when exposed to a sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
Flammable
A chemical in one of the following categories:
Aerosols that, when tested using a method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yield either a:
Flame projection of more than eighteen inches at full valve opening
OR
A flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening
Gases that, at the temperature and pressure of the surrounding area, form a:
Flammable mixture with air at a concentration of thirteen percent, by volume, or less
OR
Range of flammable mixtures with air wider than twelve percent, by volume, regardless of the lower limit
Liquids with a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C). A mixture with at least ninety-nine percent of its components having flashpoints of 100°F (37.8°C), or higher, is not considered a flammable liquid
Solids, other than blasting agents or explosives, as defined in WAC 296-52-417 or 29 CFR 1910.109(a), that:
Is likely to cause fire through friction, moisture, absorption, spontaneous chemical change or retained heat from manufacturing or processing
OR
That can be readily ignited (and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a serious hazard)
OR
When tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, ignite and burn with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than 1/10th of an inch per second along its major axis.
Flashpoint
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off an ignitable concentration of vapor, when tested by any of the following measurement methods:
Tagliabue closed tester. Use this for liquids with a viscosity less than 45 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100°F (37.8°C), that do not contain suspended solids and do not tend to form a surface film under test. See American National Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Tag Closed Tester, Z11.24-1979 (ASTM D 56-79)
Pensky-Martens closed tester. Use this for liquids with a viscosity equal to, or greater than, 45 SUS at 100°F (37.8°C) or for liquids that contain suspended solids or have a tendency to form a surface film under test. See American National Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, Z11.7-1979 (ASTM D 93-79)
Setaflash closed tester. See American National Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Setaflash Closed Tester (ASTM D 3278-78)
Organic peroxides, which undergo auto accelerating thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint measurement methods specified above.
Hazardous chemical
A chemical, which is a physical or health hazard.
Hazard warning
Words, pictures or symbols (alone or in combination) that appear on labels (or other forms of warning such as placards or tags) that communicate specific physical and health hazards (including target organ effects) associated with chemicals in a container.
Health hazard
A chemical that may cause health effects in short or long-term exposed employees based on statistically significant evidence from a single study conducted by using established scientific principles.
Health hazards include, but are not limited to, any of the following:
Carcinogens
Toxic or highly toxic substances
Reproductive toxins
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizers
Hepatotoxins (liver toxins)
Nephrotoxins (kidney toxins)
Neurotoxins (nervous system toxins)
Substances that act on the hematopoietic system (blood or blood forming system)
Substances that can damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Identity
A chemical or common name listed on the material safety data sheet (MSDS) and label.
Importer
The first business, within the Customs Territory of the United States, that receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries and supplies them to manufacturers, distributors or employers within the United States.
Label
Written, printed, or graphic material displayed on, or attached to, a container of hazardous chemicals.
Manufacturer
An employer with a workplace where one or more chemicals
(including items not exempt as "articles," see Table 1 in this
((chapter)) part) are produced for use or distribution.
Material safety data sheet (MSDS)
Written, printed or electronic information (on paper, microfiche, or on-screen) that informs manufacturers, distributors or employers about the chemical, its hazards and protective measures as required by this rule.
Mixture
A combination of two or more chemicals that retain their chemical identify after being combined.
Organic peroxide
An organic compound containing the bivalent-O-O-structure. It may be considered a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide if one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical.
Oxidizer
A chemical, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in WAC 296-52-417 or 29 CFR 1910.109(a), that starts or promotes combustion in other materials, causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
Permissible exposure limits
See ((chapter 296-62 WAC Part H)) WAC 296-307-628, for
definition of this term.
Physical hazards
A chemical that has scientifically valid evidence to show it is one of the following:
A combustible liquid
A compressed gas
Explosive
Flammable
An organic peroxide
An oxidizer
Pyrophoric
Unstable (reactive)
Water-reactive.
Produce
To do one or more of the following:
Manufacture
Process
Formulate
Blend
Extract
Generate
Emit
Repackage.
Pyrophoric
Chemicals that ignite spontaneously in the air at a temperature of 130°F (54.4°C) or below.
Responsible party
Someone who can provide more information about the hazardous chemical and appropriate emergency procedures.
Retailer
See "distributor."
Threshold limit values (TLVs)
Airborne concentrations of substances established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse health effects.
TLVs are specified in the most recent edition of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices and include the following categories:
Threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA)
Threshold limit value-short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL)
Threshold limit value-ceiling (TLV-C).
Unstable (reactive)
A chemical in its pure state, or as produced or transported, that will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure or temperature.
Use
To do one or more of the following:
Package
Handle
React
Emit
Extract
Generate as a by-product
Transfer.
Water-reactive
A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a heath hazard.
Wholesaler
See "distributor."
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-10-068, § 296-307-56050, filed 5/6/03, effective 8/1/03.]
Part Y-3LightingPart Y-4
Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Office
OTS-7358.1
Part Y-5
Respirators
NEW SECTION
WAC 296-307-594
Scope.
This part applies to all use of
respirators at work.
IMPORTANT:
Before you decide to use respirators, you are required to evaluate respiratory hazards and implement control methods as outlined in WAC 296-307-624 through 296-307-628, Respiratory hazards.
The term "respiratory hazards" will be used throughout this part to refer to oxygen deficient conditions and harmful airborne hazards.
Definition:
Respirators are a type of personal protective equipment designed to protect the wearer from respiratory hazards.
You can use Table 1 for general guidance on which sections apply to you.
| If employees... | Then the sections marked with an "X" apply... | |||||
| 596 | 598 | 600 | 602-618 | 620 | 622 | |
| Request and are permitted to voluntarily use filtering-facepiece respirators, and are not exposed to a respiratory hazard | X | X | ||||
| Request and are permitted to voluntarily use respirators that are NOT filtering-facepiece respirators, and are not exposed to a respiratory hazard | X | X | X | X | ||
| Are required to use any respirator by WISHA or the employer | X | X | X | X | X | |
| Would use an escape respirator in an emergency | X | X | X | X | X | |
| Reference: | See WAC 296-307-100, Personal protective equipment (PPE) to find requirements for other types of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as eye, hand, and head protection. |
[]
Your responsibility:
To make sure a capable individual is in charge of respirator program development and management.
[]
| Exemption: | You do not need to designate a program administrator if employees use only filtering-facepiece respirators and do so only as voluntary use. |
Voluntary use is respirator use that is requested by the employee AND permitted by the employer when NO respiratory hazard exists.
You must:
Designate a program administrator who has overall responsibility for your program and has sufficient training or experience to:
Oversee program development and coordinate implementation
Conduct required evaluations of program effectiveness outlined in WAC 296-307-60005.
[]
To make sure voluntary use of respirators by employees does not create job safety or health hazards.
You must:
Make sure voluntary use of respirators is safe
Keep voluntary use respirator program records
IMPORTANT:
Respirator use is NOT voluntary if a respiratory hazard, such as exposure to a substance over the permissible exposure limit (PEL) or hazardous exposure to an airborne biological hazard, is present.
To evaluate respiratory hazards in your workplace, see WAC 296-307-624, Respiratory hazards.
Some requirements in this section do not apply if only filtering-facepiece respirators are used voluntarily. Some filtering-facepiece respirators are equipped with a sorbent layer for absorbing "nuisance" organic vapors. These can be used for voluntary use, but are not NIOSH certified for protection against hazardous concentrations of organic vapor.
[]
Definition:
Voluntary use is respirator use that is requested by the employee AND permitted by the employer when NO respiratory hazard exists.
IMPORTANT: If you choose to require respirator use, use is NOT voluntary and the required use sections of this part apply.
You must:
(1) Make sure voluntary respirator use does NOT:
Interfere with an employee's ability to work safely, such as restricting necessary vision or radio communication
OR
Create health hazards.
| Note: | Examples of health hazards include: |
| Skin irritation, dermatitis, or other health effects caused by using a dirty respirator | |
| Illness created by sharing contaminated respirators | |
| Health effects caused by use of an unsafe air supply, such as carbon monoxide poisoning. |
(2) Provide all voluntary respirator users with the advisory information in Table 2 at no cost to them.
| Note: | If you have provided employees with the advisory information required in the previous section, WAC 296-307-598, you do not need to provide the additional information in Table 2 to those employees. |
(3) Develop and maintain a written program that includes the following:
Medical evaluation provisions as specified in WAC 296-307-604.
Procedures to properly clean and disinfect respirators, according to WAC 296-307-62015, if they are reused.
How to properly store respirators, according to WAC 296-307-61010, so that using them does not create hazards.
Procedures to make sure there is a safe air supply, according to WAC 296-307-616, when using air-line respirators and SCBAs.
Training according to WAC 296-307-608 when necessary to ensure respirator use does NOT create a hazard.
| Note: | Pay for medical evaluations, training, travel related costs, and wages. You do NOT need to pay for respirators employees use only voluntarily. |
| If you have both voluntary and required respirator users, you may choose to treat voluntary users as required users. Doing this exceeds the requirements in this section. |
| Exemption: | If employees use only filtering-facepiece respirators and do so only voluntarily, you do not need to develop and maintain a written program. |
Table 2
| Advisory Information for Employees Who Voluntarily Use Respirators | |||
| Respirators protect against airborne hazards when properly selected and used. WISHA recommends voluntary use of respirators when exposure to substances is below WISHA permissible exposure limits (PELs) because respirators can provide you an additional level of comfort and protection. | |||
| If you choose to voluntarily use a respirator (whether it is provided by you or your employer) be aware that respirators can create hazards for you, the user. You can avoid these hazards if you know how to use your respirator properly AND how to keep it clean. Take these steps: | |||
| Read and follow all instructions provided by the manufacturer about use, maintenance (cleaning and care), and warnings regarding the respirator's limitations. | |||
| Choose respirators that have been certified for use to protect against the substance of concern. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) certifies respirators. If a respirator is not certified by NIOSH, you have no guarantee that it meets minimum design and performance standards for workplace use. | |||
| ▪ A NIOSH approval label will appear on or in the respirator packaging. It will tell you what protection the respirator provides. | |||
| Keep track of your respirator so you do not mistakenly use someone else's. | |||
| DO NOT wear your respirator into: | |||
| ▪ Atmospheres containing hazards that your respirator is not designed to protect against. | |||
| For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect you against solvent vapor, smoke or oxygen deficiency. | |||
| ▪ Situations where respirator use is required. | |||
[]
| Exemption: | If employees use only filtering-facepiece respirators voluntarily, you do not need to follow these recordkeeping requirements. |
Keep copies of:
Your current written respirator program
Written recommendations from the LHCP
Allow records required by this section to be examined and copied by affected employees and their representatives.
[]
Your responsibility:
To develop, implement, and maintain a written program that provides clear instruction for safe and reliable respirator use.
You must:
Develop and maintain a written program
Keep respirator program records
[]
| Exemption: | This section does NOT apply to respirator use that is voluntary. See WAC 296-307-59805 for voluntary use program requirements. |
(1) Develop a complete worksite-specific written respiratory protection program that includes the applicable elements listed in Table 3.
| Note: | Pay for respirators, medical evaluations, fit testing, training, maintenance, travel costs, and wages. |
(2) Keep your program current and effective by evaluating it and making corrections. Do ALL of the following:
Make sure procedures and program specifications are followed and appropriate.
Make sure selected respirators continue to be effective in protecting employees. For example:
If changes in work area conditions, level of employee exposure, or employee physical stress have occurred, you need to reevaluate your respirator selection.
Have supervisors periodically monitor employee respirator use to make sure employees are using them properly.
Regularly ask employees required to use respirators about their views concerning program effectiveness and whether they have problems with:
Respirator fit during use
Any effects of respirator use on work performance
Respirators being appropriate for the hazards encountered
Proper use under current worksite conditions
Proper maintenance.
When developing your written program include applicable elements listed in Table 3.
Table 3
| Required Elements for Required-Use Respirator Programs | ||
| Selection: | ||
| Procedures for respirator selection | ||
| A list specifying the appropriate respirator for each respiratory hazard in your workplace | ||
| Procedures for issuing the proper type of respirator, if appropriate | ||
| Medical evaluation provisions | ||
| Fit-test provisions and procedures, if tight-fitting respirators are selected | ||
| Training provisions that address: | ||
| Respiratory hazards encountered during: | ||
| ▪ Routine activities | ||
| ▪ Infrequent activities, for example, bimonthly cleaning of equipment | ||
| ▪ Reasonably foreseeable emergencies, for example, rescue, spill response, or escape situations | ||
| Proper use of respirators, for example, how to put on or remove respirators, and use limitations. | ||
| Note: | You do NOT need to repeat training on respiratory hazards if employees have been trained on this in compliance with other rules such as WAC 296-307-550, employer chemical hazard communication. | |
| Respirator use procedures for: | ||
| Routine activities | ||
| Infrequent activities | ||
| Reasonably foreseeable emergencies | ||
| Maintenance: | ||
| Procedures and schedules for respirator maintenance covering: | ||
| ▪ Cleaning and disinfecting | ||
| ▪ Storage | ||
| ▪ Inspection and repair | ||
| ▪ When to discard respirators | ||
| A cartridge or canister change schedule IF air-purifying respirators are selected for use against gas or vapor contaminants AND an end-of-service-life-indicator (ESLI) is not available. In addition, provide: | ||
| ▪ The data and other information you relied on to calculate change schedule values (for example, highest contaminant concentration estimates, duration of employee respirator use, expected maximum humidity levels, user breathing rates, and safety factors) | ||
| Procedures to ensure a safe air quantity and quality IF atmosphere-supplying respirators (air-line or SCBA) are selected | ||
| Procedures for evaluating program effectiveness on a regular basis | ||
[]
You must:
Keep the following records:
Your current respirator program
Each employee's current fit test record, if fit testing is conducted. Fit test records must include:
▪ Employee name
▪ Test date
▪ Type of fit-test performed
▪ Description (type, manufacturer, model, style, and size) of the respirator tested
▪ Results of fit tests, for example, for quantitative fit tests include the overall fit factor AND a print out, or other recording of the test.
Training records that include employee's names and the dates trained
Written recommendations from the LHCP.
Allow records required by this section to be examined and copied by affected employees and their representatives.
[]
Your responsibility:
To select and provide respirators that are appropriate for the hazard, user, and worksite conditions.
| Exemption: | This section does NOT apply to voluntary respirator use. See WAC 296-307-598 of this part for voluntary use program requirements. |
[]
IMPORTANT:
See WAC 296-307-624, Respiratory hazards, for:
Hazard evaluation requirements. Evaluation results are necessary for respirator selection.
A list of substance-specific rules that may also apply to you. Those listed rules have additional respirator selection requirements.
You must:
Select and provide, at no cost to employees, appropriate respirators for routine use, infrequent use, and reasonably foreseeable emergencies (such as escape, emergency, and spill response situations) by completing the following process:
Step 2: If the respiratory hazard is a biological aerosol, such as TB (tuberculosis), anthrax, psittacosis (parrot fever), or hanta virus, select a respirator appropriate for nonemergency activities recognized to present a health risk to workers AND skip to Step 8.
If respirator use will occur during emergencies, skip to Step 8 and document the analysis used to select the appropriate respirator.
Use Centers for Disease Control (CDC) selection guidance for exposures to specific biological agents when this guidance exists. Visit http://www.cdc.gov.
Step 3: If the respiratory hazard is a pesticide, follow the respirator specification on the pesticide label AND skip to Step 9.
Step 4: Determine the expected exposure concentration for each respiratory hazard of concern. Use the results from the evaluation required by WAC 296-307-624, Respiratory hazards.
Step 5: Determine if the respiratory hazard is classified as IDLH; if it is NOT IDLH skip to Step 7.
The respiratory hazard IS classified as IDLH if:
The atmosphere is oxygen deficient or oxygen enriched
OR
You CANNOT measure or estimate your expected exposure concentration
OR
Your measured or estimated expected exposure concentration is greater or equal to the IDLH value in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
| Note: | WISHA uses the IDLH values in the 1990 edition of the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Hazardous Chemicals to determine the existence of IDLH conditions. You may use more recent editions of this guide. Visit www.cdc.gov/niosh for more information. |
| If your measured or estimated expected exposure concentration is below NIOSH's IDLH values, proceed to Step 7. |
OR
Full-facepiece, pressure demand air-line respirator equipped with an auxiliary self-contained air supply
| Exception: | If the respiratory hazard is oxygen deficiency AND you can show oxygen concentrations can be controlled within the ranges listed in Table 4 under ALL foreseeable conditions, you are allowed to select ANY type of SCBA or air-line respirator. |
Table 4
Concentration Ranges for Oxygen Deficiency
| Altitude (as ft. above sea level) |
Oxygen Concentration Range (as percent oxygen) |
||
| Below 3,001 | 16.0 - 19.5 | ||
| 3,001 - 4,000 | 16.4 - 19.5 | ||
| 4,001 - 5,000 | 17.1 - 19.5 | ||
| 5,001 - 6,000 | 17.8 - 19.5 | ||
| 6,001 - 8,000 | 19.3 - 19.5 | ||
| Above 8,000 feet the exception does not apply. | |||
Step 8: Consider hazards that could require selection of specific respirator types. For example, select full-facepiece respirators to prevent eye irritation or abrasive blasting helmets to provide particle rebound protection.
Step 9: Evaluate user and workplace factors that might compromise respirator performance, reliability or safety.
If the respiratory hazard is a pesticide, follow the requirements on the pesticide label and skip to Step 11.
Examples:
High humidity or temperature extremes in the workplace.
Necessary voice communication.
High traffic areas and moving machinery.
Time or distance for escape.
Step 10: Follow Table 6 requirements to select an air-purifying respirator.
If Table 6 requirements cannot be met, you must select an air-line respirator or an SCBA.
Step 11: Make sure respirators you select are certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
To maintain certification, make sure the respirator is used according to cautions and limitations specified on the NIOSH approval label.
| Note: | While selecting respirators, you will need to select a sufficient number of types, models or sizes to provide for fit testing. You can also consider other respirator use issues, such as accommodating facial hair with a loose fitting respirator. |
Table 5
Assigned Protection Factors (APF) for Respirator Types
| If the respirator is a(n) . . . | Then the APF is . . . |
| Air-purifying respirator with a: | |
| Half-facepiece . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
| Full-facepiece . . . . . . . . . . . . | 100 |
| Note: Half-facepiece includes 1/4 masks, filtering facepieces, and elastomeric facepieces. | |
| Powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) with a: | |
| Loose-fitting facepiece . . . . . . . . . . . . | 25 |
| Half-facepiece . . . . . . . . . . . . | 50 |
| Full-facepiece, equipped with HEPA filters, chemical cartridges or canisters . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1000 |
| Hood or helmet, equipped with HEPA filters, chemical cartridges or canisters . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1000 |
| Air-line respirator with a: | |
| Half-facepiece and designed to operate in demand mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
| Loose-fitting facepiece and designed to operate in continuous flow mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 25 |
| Half-facepiece and designed to operate in continuous-flow, or pressure-demand mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 50 |
| Full-facepiece and designed to operate in demand mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 100 |
| Full-facepiece and designed to operate in continuous-flow OR pressure-demand mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1000 |
| Helmet or hood and designed to operate in continuous-flow mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1000 |
| Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a tight fitting: | |
| Half-facepiece and designed to operate in demand mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
| Full-facepiece and designed to operate in demand mode . . . . . . . . . . . . | 100 |
| Full-facepiece and designed to
operate in pressure-demand mode . . . . . . . . . . . . |
10,000 |
| Combination respirators: | |
| Find the APF for each type of respirator in the combination. | The lowest value |
| Use the lower APF to represent the combination. |
Use Table 6 to select air-purifying respirators for particle, vapor, or gas contaminants.
Table 6
Requirements for Selecting Any Air-purifying Respirator
| If the contaminant is a . . . | Then . . . | |
| Gas OR vapor | Provide a respirator with canisters or cartridges equipped with a NIOSH-certified, end-of-service-life indicator (ESLI) | |
| OR | ||
| If a canister or cartridge with an ESLI is NOT available, develop a cartridge change schedule to make sure the canisters or cartridges are replaced before they are no longer effective | ||
| OR | ||
| Select an atmosphere-supplying respirator | ||
| Particle, such as a dust, spray, mist, fog, fume, or aerosol | Select respirators with filters certified to be at least 95% efficient by NIOSH | |
| For example, N95s, R99s, P100s, or High Efficiency Particulate Air filters (HEPA) | ||
| OR | ||
| You may select respirators NIOSH certified as "dust and mist," "dust, fume, or mist," OR "pesticides." You can only use these respirators if particles primarily have a mass median aerodynamic diameter of at least two micrometers. | ||
| Note: These respirators are no longer sold for occupational use. | ||
[]
Your responsibility:
To make sure a respirator used under your specific worksite conditions is not a health risk to employees.
| Exemption: | This section does NOT apply to employees who only use: |
| Filtering-facepiece respirators voluntarily. See WAC 296-307-598 of this part for voluntary use requirements | |
| OR | |
| Escape-only respirators that are mouthpiece, loose-fitting, or hooded respirators. |
Using a respirator can create physical risks for an employee each time it is worn. The extent of these risks depends on these factors:
Type of respirator
Environmental conditions at the worksite
Physical demands of the work
Use of other protective clothing
Employee's health status.
[]
IMPORTANT:
If you have provided an employee with a medical evaluation addressing respirator use, as required by another chapter, that evaluation will meet the requirements of this section.
You must:
Follow the medical evaluation process, Steps 1 through 7 in this section, to provide medical evaluations for employees at no cost to them.
Are required to use respirators
OR
Voluntarily use respirators that are not filtering-facepiece respirators
| Note: | You may use a previous employer's medical evaluation for an employee if you can: |
| Show the employee's previous work and use conditions were substantially similar to yours | |
| AND | |
| Obtain a copy of the licensed healthcare professional's (LHCP's) written recommendation approving the employee's use of the respirator chosen by you. |
| Note: | If you select a different LHCP, you do not need to have new medical evaluations done. |
Information describing the respirators employees may use, including the weight and type.
How the respirators will be used, including:
How often the respirator will be used, for example, daily, or once a month
The duration of respirator use, for example, a minimum of one hour, or up to twelve hours
The employee's expected physical work effort
Additional personal protective clothing and equipment to be worn
Temperature and humidity extremes expected during use
A copy of your written respiratory protection program and this part.
| Note: | You may choose to send the questionnaire to the LHCP ahead of time, giving time to review it and add any necessary questions |
| The LHCP determines what questions to add to the questionnaire, if any; however, questions in Parts 1-3 may not be deleted or substantially altered. |
| Note: | You may use on-line questionnaires if the questions are the same and requirements of this section are met. |
During the employee's normal working hours
OR
At a time and place convenient to the employee
Maintain employee confidentiality during examination or questionnaire administration:
Do not view employee's answers on the questionnaire
Do not act in a manner that may be considered a breach of confidentiality
| Note: | Providing confidentiality is important for securing successful medical evaluations. It helps make sure the LHCP gets complete and dependable answers on the questionnaire. |
Provide the employee with an opportunity to discuss the questionnaire or exam results with the LHCP.
Step 5: Provide follow-up evaluation for employees when:
The LHCP needs more information to make a final recommendation
OR
An employee gives any positive response to questions 1-8 in Part 2 OR to questions 1-6 in Part 3 of the WISHA medical evaluation questionnaire in WAC 296-307-61605.
| Note: | Follow-up may include: |
| Employee consultation with the LHCP such as a telephone conversation to evaluate positive questionnaire responses | |
| Medical exams | |
| Medical tests or other diagnostic procedures. |
Whether or not the employee is medically able to use the respirator
Any limitations of respirator use for the employee
What future medical evaluations, if any, are needed
A statement that the employee has been provided a copy of the written recommendation.
Step 7: Provide a powered, air-purifying respirator (PAPR) when the LHCP determines the employee should not wear a negative-pressure air-purifying respirator AND is able to wear a PAPR.
| Reference: | See WAC 296-307-602 for requirements regarding selection of air-purifying respirators. |
| Note: | You may discontinue medical evaluations for an employee when the employee no longer uses a respirator. |
| If you have staff conducting your medical evaluations, they may keep completed questionnaires and findings as confidential medical records, if they are maintained separately from other records. |
Table 7
Evaluation Frequency
| Type of Evaluation: | When required: | ||
| Initial medical evaluations | Before respirators are fit-tested or used in the workplace. | ||
| Subsequent medical evaluations | If any of these occur: | ||
| Your licensed healthcare professional (LHCP) recommends them; for example, periodic evaluations at specified intervals. | |||
| A respirator program administrator or supervisor informs you that an employee needs reevaluation. | |||
| Medical signs or symptoms (such as breathing difficulties) are: | |||
| ▪ Observed during fit-testing or program evaluation | |||
| OR | |||
| ▪ Reported by the employee | |||
| Changes in worksite conditions such as physical work effort, personal protective clothing, or temperature that could substantially increase the employee's physiological stress. | |||
[]
Your responsibility:
To make sure negative and positive-pressure tight-fitting respirators can provide an adequate fit and acceptable level of comfort to employees.
| Exemption: | This section does NOT apply to any respirators that are: |
| Voluntarily used. See WAC 296-307-598 for voluntary use requirements. | |
| Mouthpiece respirators. |
Fit testing is an activity where the seal of a respirator is tested to determine if it is adequate.
This section covers general requirements for fit testing. Fit-testing procedures are covered in WAC 296-307-62010 of this part.
[]
You must:
Provide, at no cost to the employee, fit tests for ALL tight fitting respirators on the following schedule:
Before employees are assigned duties that may require the use of respirators
At least every twelve months after initial testing
Whenever any of the following occurs:
▪ A different respirator facepiece is chosen such as a different type, model, style, or size
▪ You become aware of a physical change in an employee that could affect respirator fit. For example, you may observe, or be told about, facial scarring, dental changes, cosmetic surgery, or obvious weight changes
▪ An employee notifies you, or your LHCP, that the respirator fit is unacceptable. During the retest, you must give an employee reasonable opportunity to select a different respirator facepiece (size, model, etc.).
| Note: | You may accept a fit test completed by a previous employer IF: |
| You obtain written documentation of the fit test | |
| AND | |
| The results of the fit test are not more than twelve months old | |
| AND | |
| The employee will use the same respirator (the same type, model, style, and size) | |
| AND | |
| The fit test was conducted in a way that meets the requirements of WAC 296-307-606 and 296-307-62010. |
Select an appropriate fit-testing procedure from WAC 296-307-62010 of this part AND:
Use quantitative fit-test methods when a negative pressure respirator will be used in concentrations requiring a protection factor greater than 10. This includes:
▪ Full facepiece air-purifying respirators
▪ SCBAs operated in demand (negative pressure) mode
▪ Air-line respirators operated in demand mode.
Make sure PAPRs, SCBAs, or air-line respirators are fit tested in negative-pressure mode.
Make sure the person conducting fit testing is able to do ALL of the following:
Prepare test solutions if required
Make sure equipment works properly
Perform tests properly
Recognize invalid tests
Calculate fit factors properly if required.
| Note: | No specific training program or certification is required for those who conduct fit tests. |
| You should consider evaluating these individuals to determine their proficiency in the fit-testing method to be used. | |
| You can use an evaluation form such as the form included in the American National Standard for Respirator Fit Testing Methods, ANSI/AIHA Z88.10-2001 to determine if the individual meets these requirements. Visit www.ansi.org or www.aiha.org. |
[]
Your responsibility:
To make sure employees who are required to use respirators understand and can demonstrate proper respirator use and maintenance.
IMPORTANT:
This section applies to employees who voluntarily use respirators only when training is necessary to prevent the respirator from creating a hazard. See WAC 296-307-598 for voluntary use requirements.
[]
You must:
Train employees, based on their duties, if they do any of the following:
Use respirators
Supervise respirator users
Issue, repair, or adjust respirators
Present effective training in a way that employees understand.
| Note: | Training may be provided using audiovisuals, slide presentations, formal classroom instruction, informal discussions during safety meetings, training programs conducted by outside sources, or a combination of these methods. |
| You may want to have instructors available when using video or automated training methods to: | |
| Encourage and provide responses to questions for the benefit of employees | |
| Evaluate employees' understanding of the material | |
| Provide other instructional interaction to employees. |
Make sure a qualified instructor provides training
Provide training, at no cost to the employee, at these times:
Initially, before worksite respirator use begins
Periodically, within twelve months of the previous training
Additionally, when the following occur:
▪ The employee has not retained knowledge or skills
OR
▪ Changes in the worksite, or type of respirator make previous training incomplete or obsolete.
| Note: | You may accept an employee's previous training, such as training provided by another employer, to satisfy the initial training requirement if: |
| You can demonstrate the employee received training within the past twelve months | |
| AND | |
| The employee can demonstrate the knowledge and skills to use required respirators effectively. | |
| If you accept an employee's previous training to satisfy the initial training requirement, you are still responsible for providing periodic, and additional training when needed. Periodic training would need to be provided within twelve months of the employee's previous training. |
Make sure employees can demonstrate the following knowledge and skills as required by their duties:
Why the respirator is necessary. Include, for example, information identifying respiratory hazards such as hazardous chemicals, the extent of the employee's exposure, and potential health effects and symptoms
The respirator's capabilities and limitations. Include, for example, how the respirator provides protection and why air-purifying respirators cannot be used in oxygen-deficient conditions
How improper fit, use, or maintenance can compromise the respirator's effectiveness and reliability
How to properly inspect, put on, seal check, use, and remove the respirator
How to clean, disinfect, repair, and store the respirator, or how to get this done by someone else
How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations; including what to do when a respirator fails and where emergency respirators are stored
Medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective use of respirators such as shortness of breath or dizziness
The employer's general obligations under this part. For example, developing a written program, selecting appropriate respirators, and providing medical evaluations.
[]
Your responsibility:
To make sure respirators are maintained so they will function properly and not create health hazards such as skin irritation.
You must:
Maintain respirators in a clean and reliable condition
Store respirators properly
Inspect and repair respirators
IMPORTANT:
This section applies to employees who voluntarily use respirators only when maintenance is necessary to prevent the respirator from creating a hazard. See WAC 296-307-598 for voluntary use requirements.
[]
You must:
Make sure respirators are kept, at no cost to the employee, clean, sanitary and in good working order. Do at least the following:
Clean and disinfect respirators as often as specified in Table 8 of this section.
| Note: | Use required cleaning and disinfecting procedures in WAC 296-307-62015, or the manufacturer's procedures that: |
| Result in a clean and sanitary respirator | |
| Do not damage the respirator | |
| Do not harm the user | |
| Automated cleaning and disinfecting are permitted | |
| Cleaning and disinfecting may be done by a central facility as long as you make sure respirators provided are clean, sanitary, and function properly. |
Make sure respirators are assembled properly after cleaning or disinfecting.
Use Table 8 to determine how often to clean and disinfect respirators.
Table 8
Required Frequencies for Cleaning and Disinfecting
Respirators
| If, the respirator will be . . . |
Then, clean and disinfect the respirator . . . | |
| Used exclusively by one employee | As often as needed to: | |
| Keep it clean and functional | ||
| AND | ||
| To prevent health hazards such as skin irritation | ||
| Shared for nonemergency use | Before it is worn by another employee | |
| OR | ||
| Used for fit-testing or training | ||
| Shared for emergency use | After each use so the respirator is immediately ready for use at all times | |
[]
You must:
Store respirators to protect them from ALL of the following:
Deformation of the facepiece or exhalation valve
Sunlight or extreme temperatures or other conditions
Contamination such as dust or damaging chemicals
Excessive moisture.
| Note: | Use coffee cans, sealable plastic bags, or other suitable means of protection. |
Follow these additional requirements for emergency respirators:
Keep respirators accessible to the work area
Store respirators in compartments or with covers clearly marked as containing emergency respirators
Follow additional storage instructions from the respirator manufacturer
Store an adequate number of emergency respirators in each area where they may be needed.
| Note: | Emergency respirators include mouthpiece respirators and other respirators that are limited to escape-only use by their NIOSH certification. |
[]
You must:
Conduct respirator inspections as often as specified in Table 9.
Make sure respirator inspections cover all of the following:
Respirator function
Tightness of connections
The condition of the facepiece, head straps, valves, connecting tubes, and cartridge, canisters or filters
Pliability and deterioration of elastomeric parts
Maintenance of air or oxygen cylinders
Making sure SCBA air cylinders are at ninety percent of the manufacturer's recommended pressure level
Proper functioning of SCBA regulators when air-flow is activated
Proper functioning of SCBA low-pressure warning devices when activated
Certify inspections for emergency respirators by documenting the following:
Inspection date
Serial number of each respirator or other identifying information
Inspector's name or signature
Inspection findings
Required action, if problems are found.
| Note: | When documenting inspections you may either: |
| Provide the information on a tag or label and attach it to the respirator compartment | |
| OR | |
| Include the information in an inspection report stored in paper or electronic files accessible to employees. |
Repair or replace any respirator that is not functioning properly before the employee returns to a situation where respirators are required.
If respirators fail inspection or are not functioning properly during use due to problems such as leakage, vapor or gas breakthrough, or increased breathing resistance, ALL of the following apply:
▪ Do NOT permit such respirators to be used until properly repaired or adjusted
▪ Use only NIOSH-certified parts
▪ Make sure repairs and adjustments are made by appropriately trained individuals
Use the manufacturer or a technician trained by the manufacturer to repair or adjust reducing and admission valves, regulators, and warning devices on SCBAs or air-line respirators.
▪ Follow the manufacturer's recommendations and specifications for the type and extent of repairs.
Use Table 9 to determine how often to inspect respirators.
Table 9
Required Frequencies for Respirator Inspections
| If the respirator is . . . | Then inspect . . . |
| A SCBA in any use | Before each use |
| AND | |
| During cleaning | |
| OR | |
| Monthly if NOT used | |
| Used for nonemergencies, including day-to-day or infrequent use | Inspect before each use AND During cleaning |
| Used only for emergencies | Check for proper function before and after each use |
| AND | |
| Inspect at least monthly as instructed by the manufacturer | |
| Used for escape-only purposes | Before carrying into a work place for use |
[]
Your responsibility:
To make sure respirator use and removal is safe.
| Exemption: | These sections do NOT apply to employees who voluntarily use any type of respirator. See WAC 296-307-598 for voluntary use requirements. |
Prevent sealing problems with tight-fitting respirators
Make sure employees leave the use area before removing respirators
[]
You must:
Make sure employees use the procedure in WAC 296-307-62020 to perform a user seal check each time they put on their tight-fitting respirator.
Make sure you do NOT permit respirator use if employees have a characteristic that interferes with the respirator facepiece seal or valve function. For example, stubble, moustaches, sideburns, bangs, hairlines, or scars between the face and the sealing surface of the respirator will affect the seal.
Make sure corrective glasses or personal protective equipment (PPE) do NOT interfere with the facepiece seal. Examples of PPE include safety glasses, goggles, faceshields, clothing, and hard hats.
[]
You must:
Make sure employees leave the use area for any of these reasons:
To replace air-purifying filters, cartridges, or canisters
When they smell or taste (detect) vapor or gas leakage from, for example, cartridges, canister, or the facepiece seal
When they detect changes in breathing resistance
To readjust their respirators
To wash their faces and respirators as necessary to prevent skin or eye irritation
If they become ill
If they experience sensations of dizziness, nausea, weakness, breathing difficulty, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, fever, or chills.
[]
Your responsibility:
To provide adequate assistance to employees using respirators in conditions immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).
[]
IMPORTANT:
WISHA currently uses the IDLH values in the 1990 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards to determine the existence of IDLH conditions. You may use more recent editions of this guide. Visit www.cdc.gov/niosh for more information.
You must:
Provide at least two standby employees outside the IDLH area.
| Note: | You need only one standby employee if the IDLH condition is well characterized, will remain stable AND you can show one employee can adequately do ALL of the following: |
| Monitor employees in the IDLH area | |
| Implement communication | |
| Initiate rescue duties. |
A pressure-demand SCBA or a pressure-demand air-line respirator with an auxiliary SCBA, for each standby employee
Appropriate retrieval equipment, when it would help with the effective rescue of the entrant, or an equivalent means of rescue
Make sure standby employees maintain visual, voice, or signal line communication with employees in the IDLH area
Make sure that in the event of an emergency:
Standby employees notify you or your designee before they enter the IDLH area to provide emergency rescue
You provide necessary assistance when notified.
[]
Your responsibility:
To provide employees who use SCBAs or air-line respirators with an acceptable air supply.
You must:
Make sure breathing air and oxygen meet established specifications
Prevent conditions that could create a hazardous breathing air supply
Make sure compressors do not create a hazardous breathing air supply
[]
You must:
Make sure that all SCBAs and air-line respirators are provided with safe breathing air and oxygen according to the following:
Compressed breathing air must meet the following specifications for Grade D air:
▪ Oxygen (volume/volume) within 19.5-23.5%
▪ Hydrocarbon (condensed): NO MORE than five milligrams per cubic meter of air
▪ Carbon monoxide (CO): NO MORE than ten parts per million (ppm)
▪ Carbon dioxide (CO2): NO MORE than 1,000 ppm
▪ No noticeable odor
| Reference: | See the American National Standards Institute - Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for Air (G-7.1.1989) for more information. Contact your local library to access a copy. |
Make sure the moisture content of the air supplied meets the following:
Air supplied to respirators from cylinders must NOT exceed a dew point of -50°F (or -45.6°C) at 1 atmospheric pressure.
Compressor supplied air must NOT exceed a dew point of 10°F (or 5.56°C) BELOW the use temperature at 1 atmospheric pressure.
Cylinders obtained from a supplier of breathing air must have a certificate of analysis that verifies each cylinder's contents meet Grade D and dew point standards.
Compressed and liquid oxygen must meet the United States Pharmacopoeia requirements for medical or breathing oxygen.
[]
You must:
Use SCBA and air-line respirators safely:
Do NOT supply compressed oxygen to SCBAs or air-line respirators that previously used compressed air.
| Note: | Compressed air leaves residues containing hydrocarbons such as oil or grease. Fire or explosion can occur if compressed oxygen makes contact with these residues. |
Use breathing air couplings on air-line respirators that are NOT compatible with couplings for nonrespirable air or other gas systems, for example, utility air used for manufacturing purposes.
Do NOT allow asphyxiating substances to enter breathing air lines; for example, do not flush nitrogen through worksite air lines also used for breathing air.
Use equipment specifically designed for oxygen service or distribution IF oxygen concentrations greater than 23.5% are used.
| Note: | Respiratory equipment NOT designed for oxygen service or distribution can create fire or explosion hazards in oxygen concentrations higher than 23.5%. |
Make sure cylinders used to supply breathing air for SCBAs or air-line respirators are tested and maintained as described in the federal Department of Transportation's (DOT) Shipping Container Specification Regulations, Title 49 CFR Parts 173 and 178.
| Note: | Use only cylinders marked (with serial number, cylinder pressure, DOT exemption number, and test dates) according to these DOT regulations |
| To find any Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) visit: www.access.gpo.gov. |
[]
IMPORTANT:
Ambient-air movers (or pumps) used to supply air to respirators must be used according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Respirators used with ambient-air movers must be approved by NIOSH to operate within the pressure ranges of the air mover.
You must:
(1) Locate or modify compressor intakes so they will not pick up contaminated air OR exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide from:
Fuel-powered vehicles
OR
The internal combustion motor of the compressor
OR
Other contaminant sources in the area, for example, a ventilation system discharge.
| Note: | You may need to reposition or extend the compressor's intake or engine exhaust pipe or outlet, especially if they are located near each other. |
| Be aware that exhaust gases may not adequately disperse when the compressor is operated in: | |
| An enclosed space such as a small room, a corner, or near a wall | |
| OR | |
| In turbulent wind conditions. |
(2) Equip compressors with suitable air-purifying filters, water traps, and sorbents (such as charcoal beds) and maintain them as follows:
Periodically change or clean them according to the manufacturer or supplier's instructions
Keep a tag at the compressor with the following information:
When the sorbent and filters were last replaced or cleaned
The date of the most recent changes or cleaning
The signature of the person authorized by the employer to perform changes or cleaning.
| Note: | To be sure you are providing the recommended operating pressure for respirators, you may need to install a delivery pressure gauge at the point where the manifold respirator hose is attached. |
(3) Make sure the carbon monoxide (CO) level in breathing air from compressors does NOT exceed ten parts per million (ppm).
| Note: | If you do not have a reliable CO-free area available for locating your compressor intake, consider these examples of methods to prevent CO contamination of the air supply: |
| Use of continuous and effective carbon monoxide alarms and filters | |
| Conduct frequent monitoring of air quality | |
| Use a CO converter (converts CO to carbon dioxide). |
Maintain CO levels in oil lubricated compressors by using at least one of the following:
An effective CO alarm
An effective high temperature alarm AND testing the air supply often enough to see if CO levels exceed ten ppm.
| Note: | How often to test depends on a number of considerations, for example: |
| Compressor age | |
| Maintenance history of the compressor | |
| Stability of CO readings | |
| If the CO or high temperature alarm cannot be heard by the employee, a flashing light or other effective alternative to an audio alarm needs to be used | |
| Safeguards, such as alarms, are necessary to prevent CO contamination resulting from compressor overheating | |
| Any type of oil-lubricated compressor, such as screw or piston types, may produce dangerous levels of CO if overheating occurs | |
| Old compressors are known to leak oil due to worn parts, increasing the possibility for overheating. Newer compressors may also overheat if maintenance practices are poor. For example, poor maintenance practices may lead to disconnected or incorrectly set alarms, inoperative shut-offs, or an impaired cooling system | |
| You need to instruct employees to move to a safe area when the alarm sounds AND to stop using respirators. |
[]
Your responsibility:
To make sure employees, their supervisors, and program administrators can easily check for the correct air-purifying filters, cartridges, and canisters on respirators.
| Exemption: | This section does NOT apply to filtering-facepiece respirators when used voluntarily. See WAC 296-307-598 for voluntary use requirements. |
[]
You must:
Make sure the NIOSH certification labeling and color-coding on air-purifying respirator filters, cartridges, and canisters remains readable and intact during use.
[]
Your responsibility:
To use the procedures and questionnaire provided in this section when implementing your respiratory protection program. You must:
Use this medical questionnaire for medical evaluations
Follow these fit-testing procedures for tight-fitting respirators
Follow procedures established for cleaning and disinfecting respirators
Follow procedures established for seal checking respirators
[]
You must:
Use the medical questionnaire in Table 10 when conducting medical evaluations.
| Note: | You may use a physical exam instead of this questionnaire if the exam covers the same information as the questionnaire. |
| You may use on-line questionnaires if the questions are the same and the requirements in WAC 296-307-604 of this part are met. | |
| You may choose to send the questionnaire to the LCHP ahead of time, giving time to review it and add any necessary questions. | |
| The LHCP determines what questions to add to the questionnaire, if any; however, questions in Parts 1-3 may not be deleted or substantially altered. |
Table 10
| WISHA Medical Evaluation Questionnaire | |
| Employer instructions: | |
| You may use on-line questionnaires if the requirements in WAC 296-307-60405 are met. | |
| You must tell your employee how to deliver or send the completed questionnaire to the healthcare provider you have selected. | |
| You must NOT review employees' questionnaires. | |
| Healthcare provider's instructions: | |
| Review the information in this questionnaire and any additional information provided to you by the employer. | |
| You may add questions to this questionnaire at your discretion; HOWEVER, questions in Parts 1-3 may not be deleted or substantially altered. | |
| Follow-up evaluation is required for any positive response to questions 1-8 in Part 2, or questions 1-6 in Part 3. This might include: Phone consultations to evaluate positive responses, medical tests, and diagnostic procedures. | |
| When your evaluation is complete, send a copy of your written recommendation to the employer AND employee. | |
| Employee information and instructions: | |
| Your employer must allow you to answer this questionnaire during normal working hours, or at a time and place that's convenient to you. | |
| Your employer or supervisor must not look at or review your answers at any time. | |
| Part 1 - Employee Background Information | |||
| ALL employees must complete this part | |||
| Please print | |||
| 1. Today's date: | |||
| 2. Your name: | |||
| 3. Your age (to nearest year): | |||
| 4. Sex (circle one): Male / Female | |||
| 5. Your height: ft. in. | |||
| 6. Your weight: lbs. | |||
| 7. Your job title: | |||
| 8. A phone number where you can be reached by the healthcare professional who reviews this questionnaire (include Area Code): | |||
| 9. The best time to call you at this number: | |||
| 10. Has your employer told you how to contact the healthcare professional who will review this questionnaire? | Yes | / | No |
| 11. Check the type of respirator(s) you will be using: | |||
| a. N, R, or P filtering-facepiece respirator (for example, a dust mask, OR an N95 filtering-facepiece respirator). | |||
| b. Check all that apply. | |||
| Half mask Full facepiece mask Helmet hood Escape | |||
| Nonpowered cartridge or canister Powered air-purifying cartridge respirator (PAPR) | |||
| Supplied-air or Air-line | |||
| Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA): Demand or Pressure demand | |||
| Other: | |||
| 12. Have you previously worn a respirator? | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," describe what type(s): | |||
| Part 2 - General Health Information | |||
| ALL employees must complete this part | |||
| Please circle "Yes" or "No" | |||
| 1. Do you currently smoke tobacco, or have you smoked tobacco in the last month? | Yes | / | No |
| 2. Have you ever had any of the following conditions? | |||
| a. Seizures (fits): | Yes | / | No |
| b. Diabetes (sugar disease): | Yes | / | No |
| c. Allergic reactions that interfere with your breathing: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Claustrophobia (fear of closed-in places): | Yes | / | No |
| e. Trouble smelling odors: | Yes | / | No |
| 3. Have you ever had any of the following pulmonary or lung problems? | |||
| a. Asbestosis: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Asthma: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Chronic bronchitis: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Emphysema: | Yes | / | No |
| e. Pneumonia: | Yes | / | No |
| f. Tuberculosis: | Yes | / | No |
| g. Silicosis: | Yes | / | No |
| h. Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): | Yes | / | No |
| i. Lung cancer: | Yes | / | No |
| j. Broken ribs: | Yes | / | No |
| k. Any chest injuries or surgeries: | Yes | / | No |
| l. Any other lung problem that you have been told about: | Yes | / | No |
| 4. Do you currently have any of the following symptoms of pulmonary or lung illness? | |||
| a. Shortness of breath: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Shortness of breath when walking fast on level ground or walking up a slight hill or incline: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Shortness of breath when walking with other people at an ordinary pace on level ground: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Have to stop for breath when walking at your own pace on level ground: | Yes | / | No |
| e. Shortness of breath when washing or dressing yourself: | Yes | / | No |
| f. Shortness of breath that interferes with your job: | Yes | / | No |
| g. Coughing that produces phlegm (thick sputum): | Yes | / | No |
| h. Coughing that wakes you early in the morning: | Yes | / | No |
| i. Coughing that occurs mostly when you are lying down: | Yes | / | No |
| j. Coughing up blood in the last month: | Yes | / | No |
| k. Wheezing: | Yes | / | No |
| l. Wheezing that interferes with your job: | Yes | / | No |
| m. Chest pain when you breathe deeply: | Yes | / | No |
| n. Any other symptoms that you think may be related to lung problems: | Yes | / | No |
| 5. Have you ever had any of the following cardiovascular or heart problems? | Yes | / | No |
| a. Heart attack: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Stroke: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Angina: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Heart failure: | Yes | / | No |
| e. Swelling in your legs or feet (not caused by walking): | Yes | / | No |
| f. Heart arrhythmia (heart beating irregularly): | Yes | / | No |
| g. High blood pressure: | Yes | / | No |
| h. Any other heart problem that you have been told about: | Yes | / | No |
| 6. Have you ever had any of the following cardiovascular or heart symptoms? | |||
| a. Frequent pain or tightness in your chest: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Pain or tightness in your chest during physical activity: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Pain or tightness in your chest that interferes with your job: | Yes | / | No |
| d. In the past 2 years, have you noticed your heart skipping or missing a beat: | Yes | / | No |
| e. Heartburn or indigestion that's not related to eating: | Yes | / | No |
| f. Any other symptoms that you think may be related to heart or circulation problems: | Yes | / | No |
| 7. Do you currently take medication for any of the following problems? | Yes | / | No |
| a. Breathing or lung problems: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Heart trouble: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Blood pressure: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Seizures (fits): | Yes | / | No |
| 8. If you have used a respirator, have you ever had any of the following problems? (If you have never used a respirator, check the following space and go to question 9): | |||
| a. Eye irritation: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Skin allergies or rashes: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Anxiety: | Yes | / | No |
| d. General weakness or fatigue: | Yes | / | No |
| e. Any other problem that interferes with your use of a respirator? | Yes | / | No |
| 9. Would you like to talk to the healthcare professional who will review this questionnaire about your answers? | Yes | / | No |
| Part 3 - Additional Questions for Users of Full-Facepiece Respirators or SCBAs | |||
| Please circle "Yes" or "No" | |||
| 1. Have you ever lost vision in either eye (temporarily or permanently)? | Yes | / | No |
| 2. Do you currently have any of these vision problems? | |||
| a. Need to wear contact lenses: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Need to wear glasses: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Color blindness: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Any other eye or vision problem: | Yes | / | No |
| 3. Have you ever had an injury to your ears, including a broken ear drum? | Yes | / | No |
| 4. Do you currently have any of these hearing problems? | |||
| a. Difficulty hearing: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Need to wear a hearing aid: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Any other hearing or ear problem: | Yes | / | No |
| 5. Have you ever had a back injury? | Yes | / | No |
| 6. Do you currently have any of the following musculoskeletal problems? | |||
| a. Weakness in any of your arms, hands, legs, or feet: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Back pain: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Difficulty fully moving your arms and legs: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Pain or stiffness when you lean forward or backward at the waist: | Yes | / | No |
| e. Difficulty fully moving your head up or down: | Yes | / | No |
| f. Difficulty fully moving your head side to side: | Yes | / | No |
| g. Difficulty bending at your knees: | Yes | / | No |
| h. Difficulty squatting to the ground: | Yes | / | No |
| i. Climbing a flight of stairs or a ladder carrying more than 25 lbs: | Yes | / | No |
| j. Any other muscle or skeletal problem that interferes with using a respirator: | Yes | / | No |
| Part 4 - Discretionary Questions | |||
| Complete questions in this part ONLY IF your employer's healthcare provider says they are necessary | |||
| 1. In your present job, are you working at high altitudes (over 5,000 feet) or in a place that has lower than normal amounts of oxygen? | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," do you have feelings of dizziness, shortness of breath, pounding in your chest, or other symptoms when you are working under these conditions: | Yes | / | No |
| 2. Have you ever been exposed (at work or home) to hazardous solvents, hazardous airborne chemicals (such as gases, fumes, or dust), OR have you come into skin contact with hazardous chemicals? | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," name the chemicals, if you know them: | |||
| 3. Have you ever worked with any of the materials, or under any of the conditions, listed below: | |||
| a. Asbestos? | Yes | / | No |
| b. Silica (for example, in sandblasting)? | Yes | / | No |
| c. Tungsten/cobalt (for example, grinding or welding this material)? | Yes | / | No |
| d. Beryllium? | Yes | / | No |
| e. Aluminum? | Yes | / | No |
| f. Coal (for example, mining)? | Yes | / | No |
| g. Iron? | Yes | / | No |
| h. Tin? | Yes | / | No |
| i. Dusty environments? | Yes | / | No |
| j. Any other hazardous exposures? | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," describe these exposures: | |||
| 4. List any second jobs or side businesses you have: | |||
| 5. List your previous occupations: | |||
| 6. List your current and previous hobbies: | |||
| 7. Have you been in the military services? | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," were you exposed to biological or chemical agents (either in training or combat)? | Yes | / | No |
| 8. Have you ever worked on a HAZMAT team? | Yes | / | No |
| 9. Other than medications for breathing and lung problems, heart trouble, blood pressure, and seizures mentioned earlier in this questionnaire, are you taking any other medications for any reason (including over-the-counter medications)? | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," name the medications if you know them: | |||
| 10. Will you be using any of the following items with your respirator(s)? | |||
| a. HEPA filters: | Yes | / | No |
| b. Canisters (for example, gas masks): | Yes | / | No |
| c. Cartridges: | Yes | / | No |
| 11. How often are you expected to use the respirator(s)? | |||
| a. Escape-only (no rescue): | Yes | / | No |
| b. Emergency rescue only: | Yes | / | No |
| c. Less than 5 hours per week: | Yes | / | No |
| d. Less than 2 hours per day: | Yes | / | No |
| e. 2 to 4 hours per day: | Yes | / | No |
| f. Over 4 hours per day: | |||
| 12. During the period you are using the respirator(s), is your work effort: | |||
| a. Light (less than 200 kcal per hour): | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," how long does this period last during the average shift: hrs. mins. |
|||
| Examples of a light work effort are sitting while writing, typing, drafting, or performing light assembly work; or standing while operating a drill press (1-3 lbs.) or controlling machines. | |||
| b. Moderate (200 to 350 kcal per hour): | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," how long does this period last during the average shift: hrs. mins. |
|||
| Examples of moderate work effort are sitting while nailing or filing; driving a truck or bus in urban traffic; standing while drilling, nailing, performing assembly work, or transferring a moderate load (about 35 lbs.) at trunk level; walking on a level surface about 2 mph or down a 5-degree grade about 3 mph; or pushing a wheelbarrow with a heavy load (about 100 lbs.) on a level surface. | |||
| c. Heavy (above 350 kcal per hour): | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," how long does this period last during the average shift: hrs. mins. |
|||
| Examples of heavy work are lifting a heavy load (about 50 lbs.) from the floor to your waist or shoulder; working on a loading dock; shoveling; standing while bricklaying or chipping castings; walking up an 8-degree grade about 2 mph; climbing stairs with a heavy load (about 50 lbs.). | |||
| 13. Will you be wearing protective clothing and/or equipment (other than the respirator) when you are using your respirator? | Yes | / | No |
| If "yes," describe this protective clothing and/or equipment: | |||
| 14. Will you be working under hot conditions (temperature exceeding 77°F): | Yes | / | No |
| 15. Will you be working under humid conditions: | Yes | / | No |
| 16. Describe the work you will be doing while using your respirator(s): | |||
| 17. Describe any special or hazardous conditions you might encounter when you are using your respirator(s) (for example, confined spaces, life-threatening gases): | |||
| 18. Provide the following information, if you know it, for each toxic substance that you will be exposed to when you are using your respirator(s): | |||
| Name of the first toxic substance: | |||
| Estimated maximum exposure level per shift: | |||
| Duration of exposure per shift: | |||
| Name of the second toxic substance: | |||
| Estimated maximum exposure level per shift: | |||
| Duration of exposure per shift: | |||
| Name of the third toxic substance: | |||
| Estimated maximum exposure level per shift: | |||
| Duration of exposure per shift: | |||
| The name of any other toxic substances that you will be exposed to while using your respirator: | |||
| 19. Describe any special responsibilities you will have while using your respirator(s) that may affect the safety and well-being of others (for example, rescue, security). | |||
[]
IMPORTANT:
This section contains procedural requirements that apply during actual fit testing.
See WAC 296-307-606 of this part for fit-testing requirements that apply to your overall program.
| Exemptions: | This section does NOT apply to employees who: |
| Voluntarily use respirators | |
| OR | |
| Are required to use mouthpiece respirators. |
Conduct fit testing according to all of the following:
Follow the procedure in Table 11 to choose a respirator for fit testing:
▪ Prior to conducting fit tests
AND
▪ Any time your employee must select a different respirator such as when a previously selected respirator fails a test
Select and follow at least one of the following fit test procedures:
▪ Qualitative fit-test procedures:
♦ Isoamyl acetate vapor (IAA, banana oil) in Table 12
♦ Saccharine aerosol in Table 13
♦ Bitrex aerosol in Table 14
♦ Irritant smoke in Table 15
▪ Quantitative fit-test procedures:
♦ Ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter such as the Portacount, in Table 16
♦ Controlled negative pressure (CNP) such as the FitTester 3000, in Table 17
♦ Generated aerosol in Table 18
Make sure employees perform the appropriate fit-test exercises listed in Table 19.
Clean and maintain equipment according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Make sure during fit testing employees wear any safety equipment that could:
▪ Interfere with respirator fit
AND
▪ Be worn in the workplace. For example, chemical splash goggles.
Check, prior to fit testing, for conditions that may interfere with the respirator seal or valve functions. If you find such conditions, do NOT conduct fit testing for that individual.
| Note: | Examples of conditions that may interfere with the respirator seal or valve functions include: |
| Moustache, stubble, sideburns, bangs, hairline, and other types of facial hair in areas where the respirator facepiece seals or that interfere with valve function | |
| Temple bars of corrective eyewear or headgear that extend through the face seal area. |
Table 11
| Procedure for Choosing a Respirator for Fit Testing | |||
| 1. Inform the employee: | |||
| To choose the most comfortable respirator that provides an adequate fit | |||
| That each respirator sample represents a different size and, if more than one model is supplied, a different shape | |||
| That if fitted and used properly, the respirator chosen will provide adequate protection | |||
| 2. Provide a mirror and show the employee how to: | |||
| Put on the respirator | |||
| Position the respirator on the face | |||
| Set strap tension. | |||
| Note: This instruction does NOT take the place of the employee's formal training since it is only a review. |
|||
| 3. Review with the employee how to check for a comfortable fit around the nose, cheeks and other areas on the face. | |||
| Tell the employee the respirator should be comfortable while talking or wearing eye protection. | |||
| 4. Have the employee hold each facepiece against the face, taking enough time to compare the fit of each. The employee can then either: | |||
| Reject any facepiece that clearly does not feel comfortable or fit adequately | |||
| OR | |||
| Choose which facepiece is most acceptable and which is less acceptable, if any. | |||
| Note: Supply as many respirator models and sizes as needed to make sure the employee finds a respirator that's acceptable and fits correctly To save time later, during this step note the more acceptable facepieces in case the one chosen fails the fit test or proves unacceptable later. |
|||
| 5. Have the employee wear the most acceptable respirator for AT LEAST 5 minutes to evaluate comfort and fit. Do ALL of the following during this time: | |||
| Ask the employee to observe and comment about the comfort and fit: | |||
| Around the nose, cheeks, and other areas on the face | |||
| When talking or wearing eye protection | |||
| Have the employee put on the respirator and adjust the straps until they show proficiency | |||
| Evaluate the respirator's general fit by checking: | |||
| Proper chin placement | |||
| Properly tightened straps (do NOT over tighten) | |||
| Acceptable fit across the nose bridge | |||
| Respirator size; it must span the distance from nose to chin | |||
| To see if the respirator stays in position | |||
| Have the employee complete a successful seal check as specified in WAC 296-307-62020 of this chapter | |||
| Prior to the seal check they must settle the respirator on their face by taking a few slow deep breaths WHILE SLOWLY: | |||
| ▪ Moving their head from side-to-side | |||
| AND | |||
| ▪ Up and down. | |||
| 6. If the employee finds the respirator unacceptable, allow the employee to select another one and return to Step 5. Otherwise, proceed to Step 7. | |||
| 7. Before starting the fit test, you must: | |||
| Describe the fit test including screening procedures, employee responsibilities, and test exercises | |||
| AND | |||
| Make sure the employee wears the respirator AT LEAST five minutes. | |||
Table 12
| Isoamyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Vapor Test Procedure | ||||
| Important: | ||||
| This is a qualitative fit-test (QLFT) procedure | ||||
| The success of this test depends on preserving the employee's odor sensitivity to isoamyl acetate (IAA) vapor | ||||
| Vapor accumulations in ambient air can decrease odor sensitivity. To prevent this: | ||||
| ▪ Prepare ALL solutions in a location separate from screening and test areas | ||||
| ▪ Conduct screening and tests in separate well-ventilated rooms. For example, use an exhaust fan or laboratory hood to prevent IAA vapor from accumulating in the room air | ||||
| Always use odor-free water, for example, distilled or spring water that's 25°C (77°F). | ||||
| Isoamyl acetate is also known as isopentyl acetate. | ||||
| Screening Preparations | ||||
| Important: | ||||
| Odor threshold screening determines if the employee can detect weak concentrations of IAA vapor. | ||||
| 1. Choose an appropriate location to conduct screening. | ||||
| Conduct screening and tests in separate well-ventilated rooms. | ||||
| 2. Prepare a stock solution AT LEAST weekly as follows: | ||||
| Add one milliliter (ml) of pure IAA to 800 ml of odor-free water in a one-liter glass jar with a metal lid using a measuring dropper or pipette | ||||
| Seal the jar with the lid and shake it for 30 seconds | ||||
| Clean the dropper or pipette. | ||||
| 3. Prepare the odor test solution daily as follows: | ||||
| Add 0.4 ml from the stock solution to 500 ml of water in a one liter glass jar with a metal lid using a clean pipette or dropper | ||||
| Seal the jar with the lid and shake it for 30 seconds | ||||
| Let this solution stand for 2-3 minutes so the IAA concentration above the liquid reaches equilibrium | ||||
| Label this jar so you know the contents but the employee cannot know its contents, for example, "1." | ||||
| Note: To maintain the integrity of the test, use labels that peel off easily AND periodically switch the labels. |
||||
| 4. Prepare a "test blank" solution as follows: | ||||
| Add 500 ml of odor-free water to a one liter glass jar with a metal lid | ||||
| Seal the jar | ||||
| Label the jar so you know the contents but the employee cannot know its contents. | ||||
| 5. Type or neatly print the following instructions on a card and place it on the table in front of the two test jars: | ||||
| "The purpose of this test is to find out if you can smell banana oil at a low concentration. While both jars contain water, one ALSO contains a small amount of banana oil. | ||||
| Make sure the lid is secure then pick up a jar and shake it for two seconds. Open the jar and sniff at the opening. Repeat this for the second jar. | ||||
| Tell the individual conducting the fit test which jar contains banana oil." | ||||
| Test Preparations | ||||
| 6. Choose an appropriate location to conduct fit testing. | ||||
| Conduct screening and tests in separate well-ventilated rooms. | ||||
| 7. Assemble the fit test enclosure in the room. | ||||
| Invert a clear 55-gallon drum liner over a circular 2-foot diameter frame made of plywood or other lightweight rigid material OR construct a similar enclosure using plastic sheeting | ||||
| Hang the frame with the plastic covering so the top of the enclosure is about six inches above the employee's head | ||||
| Attach a small hook inside top center of the enclosure | ||||
| Tape a copy of the test exercises (see Table 28) to the inside of the test enclosure where the employee can read it. | ||||
| 8. Have organic vapor cartridges or equivalent on hand for each employee's chosen respirator. | ||||
| 9. Have ready a 6 x 5-inch piece of paper towel or other porous absorbent single-ply material AND 0.75 ml of pure IAA. Do NOT apply IAA yet. | ||||
| Note: As an alternative to using the paper towel, you may use an IAA test swab OR ampoule if it has been demonstrated to generate an equivalent test concentration. |
||||
| Screening | ||||
| 10. Have the employee, while NOT wearing a respirator, follow the instructions on the card provided. | ||||
| If the employee correctly identifies the jar containing IAA, proceed to conduct testing (Step 11) | ||||
| If the employee is NOT able to correctly identify the jar containing IAA, you must STOP and use a different fit test protocol. | ||||
| Test | ||||
| 11. BEFORE entering the fit test room, have the employee attach cartridges, put on, properly adjust, and seal check the respirator. Have the employee enter the test enclosure. | ||||
| 12. Wet the paper towel with 0.75 ml of pure IAA AND fold it in half. | ||||
| 13. Pass the paper towel to the employee inside the enclosure AND instruct the employee to hang it on the hook at the top of the enclosure. | ||||
| 14. Wait two minutes for the IAA vapor to fill the enclosure. | ||||
| While waiting, explain the fit test, including the purpose of the test exercises, the importance of cooperation, and that you must be informed if a banana-like odor is detected during the test | ||||
| You may also demonstrate the test exercises. | ||||
| 15. Have the employee perform the appropriate fit-test exercises in Table 19. | ||||
| If the employee does NOT detect IAA while performing test exercises, the fit test has been PASSED. Proceed as follows: | ||||
| BEFORE leaving the enclosure, have the employee break the respirator seal and inhale. If they detect IAA, the test is valid | ||||
| When exiting the employee must remove the paper towel and give it to the individual conducting the fit test. This prevents IAA vapor from building up in the enclosure during subsequent tests | ||||
| The individual conducting the fit test must keep used paper towels in a self-sealing plastic bag to prevent area contamination | ||||
| If the employee detects IAA during any test exercise, the fit test has FAILED. STOP and have the employee do the following: | ||||
| Quickly return to the selection room to remove the respirator. This avoids decreasing the employee's odor sensitivity | ||||
| Select another respirator | ||||
| Repeat screening and testing | ||||
| ▪ At this stage, if the employee fails the screening part of this procedure, the employee can repeat it AFTER waiting at least five minutes for odor sensitivity to return. | ||||
Table 13
| Saccharin Aerosol Test Procedure | ||||
| Screening Preparations | ||||
| Important: | ||||
| This is a qualitative fit-test (QLFT) procedure | ||||
| Taste threshold screening determines whether the employee being tested can detect the taste of saccharin | ||||
| The employee must NOT eat, smoke, chew gum or drink anything but plain water for at least fifteen minutes BEFORE the fit test. Sweet foods or drink consumed before the test may make the employee unable to detect saccharin during screening | ||||
| Nebulizers must be thoroughly rinsed in water and shaken dry: | ||||
| ▪ Each morning and afternoon | ||||
| OR | ||||
| ▪ At least every four hours. | ||||
| You may use commercially prepared solutions if they meet the requirements in this procedure. | ||||
| 1. Obtain a test enclosure (hood) that meets the following specifications: | ||||
| Twelve inches in diameter by fourteen inches tall | ||||
| A clear front portion | ||||
| Enough space inside to allow free movement of the head when a respirator is worn | ||||
| A 3/4 inch (or 1.9 centimeter) hole to accommodate the nebulizer nozzle. The hole must line up in front of the wearer's nose and mouth. | ||||
| Note: An enclosure similar to the 3M hood assembly, parts #FT 14 and #FT 15 combined, meets these specifications This enclosure can also be used for testing. |
||||
| 2. Obtain and assemble two clean DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizers OR equivalent. | ||||
| 3. Prepare the screening solution as follows: | ||||
| Dissolve 83.0 milligrams of sodium saccharin USP in 100 ml of warm distilled water | ||||
| OR | ||||
| IF you have already prepared the fit-test solution, you can make the screening solution by adding 1 ml of this solution to 100 ml of distilled water. | ||||
| 4. Add about 1 ml of the screening solution to one of the nebulizers. | ||||
| Mark this nebulizer to distinguish it from the one to be used for fit testing. | ||||
| Test Preparations | ||||
| 5. Prepare the fit-test solution as follows: | ||||
| Add 83.0 grams of sodium saccharin to 100 ml of warm water. | ||||
| 6. Add about 1 ml of the test solution to the second nebulizer. | ||||
| Mark this nebulizer to distinguish it from the one used for screening | ||||
| 7. Have particulate filters ready for the employee's chosen respirator or have filtering-facepiece respirators ready. | ||||
| Screening | ||||
| 8. Have the employee, while NOT wearing a respirator, put on the test enclosure. | ||||
| 9. Instruct the employee to: | ||||
| Breath through a slightly open mouth with tongue extended during screening AND testing | ||||
| Immediately report when a sweet taste is detected. | ||||
| 10. Insert the nebulizer into the front hole of the test enclosure AND administer saccharin as follows: | ||||
| Direct the nozzle away from the employee's nose and mouth | ||||
| Complete 10 squeezes in rapid succession | ||||
| Each time firmly squeeze the bulb so it collapses completely, then release and allow it to fully expand. | ||||
| 11. Ask the employee if a sweet taste is detected. | ||||
| If YES, screening is completed. Proceed to conduct testing, Step 14, AFTER you: | ||||
| Ask the employee to remember the taste for reference during the fit test | ||||
| Note the employee's taste threshold as "10" regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed | ||||
| If NO, screening must continue. Proceed to Step 12. | ||||
| 12. Repeat with 10 more squeezes. Then follow Step 11 again; EXCEPT this time note the employee's taste threshold as "20" IF a sweet taste is reported. | ||||
| If a sweet taste is still NOT detected, repeat with 10 more squeezes and follow Step 11 one last time; EXCEPT this time note "30" for the taste threshold IF a sweet taste is reported. | ||||
| 13. If NO sweet taste is reported after 30 squeezes, you must STOP and choose a different fit-test protocol for the employee. | ||||
| Test | ||||
| Important! | ||||
| Periodically check nebulizers to make sure they do not clog during use. A test is NOT valid if the nebulizer is clogged at the end of the test. | ||||
| 14. Have the employee attach particulate filters, put on, properly adjust, and seal check the respirator. Have the employee put on the test enclosure (hood). | ||||
| 15. Instruct the employee to immediately report if a sweet taste is detected. | ||||
| 16. Insert the nebulizer into the front hole of the test enclosure AND administer the same number of squeezes, either 10, 20, or 30, as noted during screening. | ||||
| 17. Have the employee perform the appropriate fit-test exercises as described in Table 19. During this step: | ||||
| Replenish the aerosol in the hood EVERY 30 seconds using 1/2 the number of squeezes used in Step 16, either 5, 10, or 15 | ||||
| The employee must report if a sweet taste is detected: | ||||
| If NO saccharin is tasted, the test has been PASSED | ||||
| ▪ If saccharin is tasted the test has FAILED, have the employee select another respirator | ||||
| AND | ||||
| ▪ Repeat screening and testing. | ||||
Table 14
| Bitrex Aerosol Test Procedure | |||
| Important! | |||
| This is a qualitative fit-test (QLFT) procedure | |||
| Bitrex (denatonium benzoate) is routinely used as a taste aversion agent in household liquids that children shouldn't drink and is endorsed by the American Medical Association, the National Safety Council, and the American Association of Poison Control Centers | |||
| The employee must NOT eat, smoke, chew gum or drink anything but plain water for at least fifteen minutes BEFORE the fit test. | |||
| Screening Preparations | |||
| Important! | |||
| Taste threshold screening determines whether the employee being tested can detect the taste of Bitrex | |||
| Nebulizers must be thoroughly rinsed in water and shaken dry: | |||
| Each morning and afternoon | |||
| OR | |||
| At least every four hours. | |||
| You may use commercially prepared solutions if they meet the requirements in this procedure. | |||
| 1. Obtain a test enclosure that meets the following specifications: | |||
| Twelve inches in diameter by fourteen inches tall | |||
| A clear front portion | |||
| Enough space inside the front to allow free movement of the head when a respirator is worn | |||
| 3/4 inch (or 1.9 centimeter) hole to accommodate the nebulizer nozzle. The hole must line up in front of the wearer's nose and mouth. | |||
| Note: An enclosure similar to the 3M hood assembly, parts #FT 14 and #FT 15 combined, meets these specifications This enclosure can also be used for testing. |
|||
| 2. Obtain and assemble two clean DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizers OR equivalent: | |||
| 3. Prepare the screening solution as follows: | |||
| Make up a 5% salt solution by dissolving 5.0 grams of salt (sodium chloride) into 100 ml of distilled water | |||
| Dissolve 13.5 milligrams of Bitrex in the salt solution. | |||
| 4. Add about 1 ml of the screening solution to one of the nebulizers. | |||
| Mark this nebulizer to distinguish it from the one to be used for fit testing. | |||
| Test Preparations | |||
| 5. Prepare the fit test solution. | |||
| Dissolve 10.0 grams of salt (sodium chloride) into 200 ml of distilled water | |||
| Add 337.5 milligrams of Bitrex to the warmed salt solution. | |||
| 6. Add about 1 ml of the test solution to the second nebulizer. | |||
| Mark this nebulizer to distinguish it from the one used for screening. | |||
| 7. Have particulate filters ready for the employee's chosen respirator or have filtering-facepiece respirators ready. | |||
| Screening | |||
| Important: The employee must NOT eat, smoke, chew gum or drink anything but plain water for at least fifteen minutes BEFORE the screening and test |
|||
| 8. Have the employee, while NOT wearing a respirator, put on the test enclosure. | |||
| 9. Instruct the employee to: | |||
| Breath through a slightly opened mouth with tongue extended during screening AND testing | |||
| Immediately report when a bitter taste is detected. | |||
| 10. Insert the nebulizer into the front hole of the test enclosure AND administer Bitrex as follows: | |||
| Direct the nozzle away from the employee's nose and mouth | |||
| Complete 10 squeezes in rapid succession | |||
| Each time firmly squeeze the bulb so it collapses completely, then release and allow it to fully expand. | |||
| 11. Ask the employee whether a bitter taste is detected. | |||
| If YES, screening is completed. Proceed to conduct testing, Step 14, AFTER you: | |||
| Ask the employee to remember the taste for reference during the fit test | |||
| Note the employee's taste threshold as "10," regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed | |||
| If NO, screening must continue. Proceed to Step 12. | |||
| 12. Repeat with 10 more squeezes. Then follow Step 11 again; EXCEPT this time note the employee's taste threshold as "20" IF a bitter taste is reported. | |||
| If a bitter taste is still NOT detected repeat with 10 more squeezes and follow Step 11 one last time; EXCEPT this time note "30" for the taste threshold IF a bitter taste is reported. | |||
| 13. If NO bitter taste is reported after 30 squeezes, you must STOP and choose a different fit-test protocol for the employee. | |||
| Test | |||
| 14. Have the employee attach particulate filters, put on, properly adjust, and seal check the respirator. Have the employee put on the test enclosure. | |||
| 15. Instruct the employee to: | |||
| Breathe through a slightly opened mouth with tongue extended during screening AND testing | |||
| Immediately report when a bitter taste is detected. | |||
| 16. Insert the nebulizer into the front hole of the test enclosure AND administer the same number of squeezes, either 10, 20, or 30, as noted during screening. | |||
| 17. Have the employee perform the appropriate fit-test exercises as described in Table 19. During this step: | |||
| Replenish the aerosol in the hood EVERY 30 seconds using 1/2 the number of squeezes used in Step 16, either 5, 10, or 15 | |||
| The employee must report if a bitter taste is detected: | |||
| If NO Bitrex is tasted, the test has been PASSED | |||
| If Bitrex is tasted the test has FAILED. Have the employee: | |||
| ▪ Select another respirator | |||
| AND | |||
| ▪ Repeat all screening and testing steps. | |||
Table 15
| Irritant Smoke (Stannic Chloride) Test Procedure | ||
| Important: | ||
| DO NOT USE A TEST ENCLOSURE OR HOOD FOR THIS FIT TEST! | ||
| This is a qualitative fit-test (QLFT) procedure | ||
| During this test an employee is exposed to irritating smoke containing hydrochloric acid produced by a stannic chloride ventilation smoke tube to detect leakage. The smoke will irritate eyes, lungs, and nasal passages | ||
| Employee sensitivity varies, and certain employees may respond more intensely than others exposed to irritant smoke. The individual conducting the fit test must take precautions to minimize the employees' exposure to irritant smoke | ||
| Conduct fit testing in an area with adequate ventilation to prevent exposure of the individual conducting the fit test and build-up of irritant smoke in the ambient air. | ||
| Screening AND Test Preparations | ||
| Important: | ||
| Sensitivity screening is necessary to determine whether the employee can detect a weak concentration of irritant smoke AND whether any gross facepiece leakage is detected. | ||
| 1. Obtain only stannic chloride (ventilation) smoke tubes, AND an aspirator squeeze bulb OR use a low-flow air pump set to deliver 200 milliliters of air flow per minute. | ||
| 2. Equip the employee's chosen respirator with P100 series filters if a negative pressure air-purifying respirator will be tested. If a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) will be tested equip the respirator with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. | ||
| Screening | ||
| Important! | ||
| When performing sensitivity screening checks use only the MINIMUM amount of smoke necessary to elicit a response from the employee. | ||
| 3. Advise the employee that the smoke can be irritating to eyes, lungs, and nasal passages AND instruct the employee to keep eyes closed while exposed. | ||
| 4. Break both ends of the ventilation smoke tube AND fit a short piece of plastic tubing, for example, two-to-six inches of tygon tubing, over one end to prevent exposure to the sharp end of the tube. Connect the other end to an aspirator bulb or a low-flow air pump set to deliver a flow of 200 ml per minute. | ||
| 5. While the employee is NOT wearing a respirator, have the employee smell a weak concentration of irritant smoke to become familiar with its irritating properties. | ||
| Carefully direct a small amount of irritant smoke toward the employee. | ||
| Test | ||
| Test 6. Have the employee attach respirator filters, put on, adjust, and seal check the respirator without assistance. The employee must be proficient at these tasks. | ||
| 7. Remind the employee to keep eyes closed during testing. | ||
| 8. Direct a stream of irritant smoke toward the respirator's face seal area as follows: | ||
| Begin at least 12 inches from the facepiece AND move the smoke around the whole perimeter of the mask | ||
| Gradually make two more passes around the perimeter of the facepiece, moving to within 6 inches of the respirator | ||
| STOP at any time the employee detects smoke in the facepiece. If this occurs a different respirator will need to be chosen and tested, beginning with sensitivity screening. | ||
| 9. Have the employee perform appropriate fit-test exercises in Table 19 IF the employee has NOT had an involuntary response such as evidence of coughing, flinching, or other response, OR detected smoke in the facepiece. | ||
| Continue to direct smoke from a distance of 6 inches around the facepiece perimeter | ||
| If smoke is detected at any time the test has FAILED. A different respirator must be chosen and tested, starting with sensitivity screening | ||
| If NO smoke is detected proceed to Step 10. | ||
| 10. Have the employee remove the respirator AND perform another sensitivity screening check as follows: | ||
| Continue to use the smoke tube used for fit testing | ||
| Carefully direct a SMALL amount of irritant smoke toward the employee | ||
| The test has been PASSED IF the employee responds to the smoke | ||
| The fit test is VOIDED IF the employee does NOT respond to the smoke. | ||
Table 16
| Ambient Aerosol Condensation Nuclei Counter (Portacount) Test Procedure | |||
| Important: | |||
| This is a quantitative (QNFT) fit-test procedure | |||
| This method uses a particle counting instrument that measures and compares the particle concentration both inside and outside the respirator facepiece while the employee performs a series of test exercises | |||
| Particles in the ambient air are used as the test aerosol. | |||
| Test Preparations | |||
| 1. Obtain a test instrument such as a Portacount. | |||
| 2. Have probed respirators available for each respirator model and size the employer uses, OR have a sampling adapter available if the employee's actual or chosen respirator will be tested. | |||
| Note: A probed respirator has a special fitting installed on the facepiece designed to connect with the end of the test instrument's plastic sampling tube so that air samples can be taken inside the facepiece. Probed respirators can be obtained from the respirator manufacturer, or distributor, AND can only be used for fit-testing purposes Contact TSI Inc., OR the respirator's manufacturer to obtain probed respirators or facepiece sampling adapters. |
|||
| 3. Follow the test instrument manufacturer's instructions for test preparation, including particle, zero, and system checks. Make sure the instrument's pass OR fail criterion is programmed to the following MINIMUM performance levels: | |||
| For half-facepiece respirators, an overall minimum fit factor of 100 as a passing level | |||
| For full-facepiece respirators, an overall minimum fit factor of 500 as a passing level | |||
| 4. Have high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, OR other respirator filters available that are capable of preventing significant penetration by particles generated by the test instrument such as, P100 or N95 series filters. | |||
| If you'll use a sampling adapter instead of probed respirators be sure to have the correct type for the respirators chosen. | |||
| Test | |||
| 5. Properly attach the sampling line to the facepiece probe or sampling adapter. | |||
| 6. Have the employee attach respirator filters, put on, properly adjust, and wear the respirator five minutes BEFORE the fit test. During this time you and the employee must evaluate the respirator's general fit by checking: | |||
| Proper chin placement | |||
| Properly tightened straps (do NOT over tighten) | |||
| Acceptable fit across the nose bridge | |||
| Respirator size. It must span the distance from nose to chin | |||
| To see if the respirator stays in position. | |||
| Note: Wearing the respirator for five minutes permits the employee to make certain the respirator is comfortable AND allows for purging of ambient particles trapped inside the facepiece. |
|||
| 7. Have the employee perform a seal check. Make sure the sampling line is crimped to avoid leakage during the seal check. If NO leakage is detected, proceed to Step 8. If leakage is detected: | |||
| Determine the cause | |||
| AND | |||
| If leakage is due to a poorly fitting facepiece, have the employee: | |||
| Choose another respirator size or model | |||
| AND | |||
| Start again at Step 6. | |||
| 8. Start the fit test cycle. | |||
| Follow the manufacturer's instructions for operating the test instrument | |||
| Have the employee perform the appropriate fit-test exercises in Table 19 | |||
| The test instrument will automatically stop and calculate the overall fit factor. Use this result to determine whether or not the test is passed | |||
| ▪ The test has been PASSED if the overall fit factor is at least 100 for a half facepiece, OR 500 for a full facepiece | |||
| ▪ The test has FAILED if the overall fit factor is below 100 for a half facepiece or 500 for a full facepiece. | |||
| Note: If the test has failed, have the employee select another respirator model or size following Table 11 AND repeat this procedure. |
|||
Table 17
| Controlled Negative Pressure (CNP) Test Procedure | ||
| Important! | ||
| This is a quantitative fit-test (QNFT) procedure | ||
| This method determines respirator fit by measuring how much the facepiece leaks when it is subject to a slight negative pressure AFTER various premeasurement activities | ||
| Measurements occur while employees remain still AND hold their breath for 10 seconds | ||
| No test aerosols are used. Respirator cartridges aren't needed for this test. | ||
| Test Preparations | ||
| 1. Make sure the individual conducting the fit test is thoroughly trained to perform this test. | ||
| 2. Obtain a CNP test instrument such as a FitTester 3000. Make sure: | ||
| Defaults are set at: | ||
| -15mm (-0.58 inches) of water test pressure | ||
| AND | ||
| A modeled inspiratory flow rate of 53.8 liters per minute | ||
| It has an effective audio warning device that signals when employees fail to hold their breath. | ||
| Note: You are not required to obtain test recording and printing equipment such as computers OR printers. Hand recording results is acceptable To see default settings, check the instrument's "REDON protocol." |
||
| 3. Obtain facepiece adapters appropriate for each test respirator. | ||
| Note: Adapters are either a one-piece (for SCBA facepieces), OR two-piece (for dual cartridge facepieces) device providing a manifold and breathing valve system. For positive pressure respirators, you will need to obtain an additional fitting, available from the respirator manufacturer, to convert the facepiece to negative pressure To obtain adapters, contact the CNP instrument's distributor, Occupational Health Dynamics, OR the respirator manufacturer. |
||
| Test | ||
| Important! | ||
| After the test, you must ask the employee about the comfort of the respirator AND if the respirator has become unacceptable, another size or model must be chosen and tested. | ||
| 4. Explain the test procedure to the employee. | ||
| 5. Train the employee on how to hold a breath for at least 20 seconds. | ||
| 6. Prepare the respirator for the fit test as follows: | ||
| Remove or prop open the inhalation valves. If a breathing tube is present, disconnect it | ||
| Replace cartridges, if present, with the manifold and breathing valve adapter | ||
| For positive pressure facepieces, mount the manufacturer's additional fitting followed by the manifold-breathing valve adapter | ||
| Connect the respirator to the CNP device according to the CNP instrument manufacturer's directions. | ||
| 7. Have the employee put on, adjust, and seal check the respirator. | ||
| 8. Turn on the instrument AND have the employee stand and perform the fit-test exercises in Table 19. | ||
| 9. Interpret the test results: | ||
| The test is PASSED IF the overall fit factor obtained is at least 100 for a half facepiece, or at least 500 for a full facepiece | ||
| The test has FAILED IF the fit factor is less than 100 for a half facepiece; 500 for a full facepiece | ||
| If the test has FAILED you must have the employee select another respirator model or size following the steps in Table 11 AND repeat this procedure, starting at Step 6. | ||
Table 18
| Generated Aerosol Test Procedure | ||||||||
| Important: | ||||||||
| This is a quantitative (QNFT) fit-test procedure | ||||||||
| In this method, a test aerosol is used to challenge the facepiece seal while aerosol concentrations inside and outside the facepiece are measured during test exercises | ||||||||
| Special equipment is needed to generate, disperse, detect, and measure test aerosols. | ||||||||
| Test Preparations | ||||||||
| 1. Test aerosol. | ||||||||
| Use a particulate, for example, corn oil, polyethylene glycol 400, di-2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, or sodium chloride. | ||||||||
| 2. Instrumentation. | ||||||||
| Do ALL the following: | ||||||||
| Obtain and use aerosol generation, dilution, and measurement systems appropriate for particulates | ||||||||
| Use an aerosol-generating instrument that will maintain test concentrations within a 10% variation | ||||||||
| Select a sampling instrument that allows for a computer record or strip chart record to be created | ||||||||
| ▪ The record must show the rise and fall of test agent concentration during each inhalation and exhalation at fit factors of at least 2000. | ||||||||
| Note: Integrators, or computers that integrate the amount of test agent penetration leakage into the respirator for each exercise, may be used if a record of the readings is made. | ||||||||
| Minimize the time interval between the activity and the recording of the activity so you can clearly connect what you see to what is being recorded. For example, use a small diameter and length of sampling line. | ||||||||
| 3. Test enclosure. | ||||||||
| Do ALL the following: | ||||||||
| Make sure the enclosure is equipped and constructed to effectively: | ||||||||
| ▪ Maintain a uniform concentration of the test agent inside the enclosure. For example, the enclosure must be large enough to allow ALL employees freedom of movement during testing WITHOUT disturbing the test concentration or measurement instrument | ||||||||
| ▪ Keep the test agent from contaminating the air outside the enclosure. For example, use a HEPA filter to purify exhausted air | ||||||||
| ▪ Allow the individual conducting the fit test to view the employee during the test | ||||||||
| Make sure the tubing used to collect samples from the enclosure AND respirator is the same material, diameter, AND length. This makes the effect of aerosol loss caused by deposition in each sample line equal | ||||||||
| If sodium chloride is used, relative humidity inside the enclosure must be kept below 50%. | ||||||||
| 4. Prepare test respirators. | ||||||||
| Do ALL the following: | ||||||||
| Inspect test respirators regularly for missing parts AND damage | ||||||||
| Keep test respirators in proper working order | ||||||||
| Make sure in-mask sampling probes are: | ||||||||
| ▪ Designed and installed so the air sample will be drawn from the employee's breathing zone; midway between the nose and mouth | ||||||||
| AND | ||||||||
| ▪ The probe extends inside the facepiece at least 1/4 inch | ||||||||
| Make sure sampling ports such as probes, or adapters on respirators are constructed and installed so they do NOT: | ||||||||
| ▪ Block air flow into the sampling line | ||||||||
| ▪ Leak | ||||||||
| ▪ Interfere with the respirator's fit or performance | ||||||||
| Have high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters OR P100 series filter available | ||||||||
| Replace filters when increased breathing resistance is detected OR when the test agent has altered the filter material's integrity. | ||||||||
| Test | ||||||||
| Important! | ||||||||
| Throughout the test, maintain the employee's exposure to any test agent below the established exposure limit. Exposures allowed must be based on exposure time and exposure limit duration | ||||||||
| If a single peak penetration exceeds 5% for half facepieces OR 1% for full facepieces: | ||||||||
| STOP the test | ||||||||
| AND | ||||||||
| Have the employee select another respirator for testing. | ||||||||
| 5. Have the employee attach filters, put on, adjust, and seal check the respirator. | ||||||||
| Be sure to crimp the sampling line to avoid pressure leaks during the seal check | ||||||||
| AND | ||||||||
| Have the employee adjust the respirator straps, without assistance, so the fit is comfortable. Do NOT over tighten. | ||||||||
| 6. OPTIONAL Step. To save time conduct a screening test to quickly identify poorly fitting respirators. | ||||||||
| Note: You may use a qualitative screening test OR an ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter instrument in the count mode. | ||||||||
| 7. Make sure test aerosol concentration is reasonably stable. | ||||||||
| If a canopy or shower curtain enclosure is used, determine stability of the test aerosol concentration AFTER the employee enters the enclosure. | ||||||||
| 8. Have the employee enter the test enclosure and connect the respirator to the sample lines. | ||||||||
| 9. Immediately after entering the enclosure measure test aerosol concentration inside the respirator. | ||||||||
| Make sure the peak penetration does NOT exceed 5% for half facepieces, OR 1% for full facepieces. | ||||||||
| 10. Have employee perform the appropriate fit-test exercises in Table 19. | ||||||||
| Do NOT adjust the respirator once exercises begin. | ||||||||
| 11. Calculate the overall fit factor as specified in Steps 12-13. The fit test is: | ||||||||
| PASSED IF the minimum fit factor of 100 for half facepieces OR 500 for full facepieces is obtained | ||||||||
| OR | ||||||||
| IF a passing fit factor is NOT obtained, the test has FAILED and you must have the employee select and test another respirator. | ||||||||
| Calculations | ||||||||
| Important! | ||||||||
| Do NOT count the grimace exercise measurements during these calculations | ||||||||
| Take into account the limitations of instrument detection when determining fit factors. | ||||||||
| 12. Calculate individual fit factors for EACH exercise by applying the following: | ||||||||
| Exercise fit factor (ffE) = Average test enclosure concentration | ||||||||
| Test aerosol concentration inside the respirator | ||||||||
| To determine the average test enclosure concentration use one of the following methods: | ||||||||
| Arithmetic average of the concentration before and after each test (an average of two values per entire test) | ||||||||
| Arithmetic average of concentration before and after each exercise (an average of two values per exercise) | ||||||||
| True average measured continuously during the respirator sample | ||||||||
| Determine the test aerosol concentration inside the respirator in one of the following ways: | ||||||||
| Average peak penetration values. Determine aerosol penetration for each exercise by: | ||||||||
| ▪ Using integrators or computers that calculate the actual test agent penetration | ||||||||
| OR | ||||||||
| ▪ Average the peak heights shown on the strip chart recording, graph, or by computer integration | ||||||||
| Maximum peak penetration. Use strip chart recordings to determine the highest peak penetration for each exercise and use this value | ||||||||
| Area under the peaks. Use computerized integration or other appropriate calculations to integrate the area under individual peaks for each exercise. | ||||||||
| 13. Using individual exercise fit factors (ffE) calculate the overall fit factor by doing ALL of the following: | ||||||||
| Convert each exercise fit factor to a penetration value | ||||||||
| Determine the average penetration value | ||||||||
| Convert the average penetration value back to a fit factor | ||||||||
| OR | ||||||||
| Use this equation to calculate the overall fit factor: | ||||||||
| Overall fit factor = | n | |||||||
| 1/ffE1 + 1/ffE2 + 1/ffE3. . . + 1/ffEn | ||||||||
Table 19
| Fit-Test Exercises | |||||
| Important: | |||||
| This list applies when you use any fit test | |||||
| Employees tested must perform ALL exercises marked with an "X" as described for the fit-test procedure used | |||||
| Once exercises begin, any adjustments made void the test AND you must begin again | |||||
| After test exercises are completed, you must ask the employee about the comfort of the respirator. If it has become unacceptable, have the employee choose another one for testing | |||||
| When the controlled negative pressure procedure is used, STOP and repeat the test if the employee adjusts the respirator OR takes a breath and fails to hold it for 10 seconds | |||||
| Controlled negative pressure tests conducted according to the method published in 29 CFR 1910.134, Appendix A are an acceptable alternative to the method outlined below. | |||||
| Description of Required Fit-Test Exercises | Fit-Test Procedures | ||||
| Qualitative Procedures | Quantitative Procedures; EXCEPT the CNPP | Controlled Negative Pressure Procedure (CNPP) | |||
| Normal breathing | |||||
| Breathe normally, while standing for one minute | X | X | |||
| Deep breathing | |||||
| Breathe slowly and deeply while standing for one minute | X | X | |||
| Take caution to avoid hyperventilating | |||||
| Head side to side | |||||
| Slowly turn head from side to side while standing for one minute, pausing at each extreme position to inhale | X | X | |||
| Be careful to NOT bump the respirator | |||||
| Head up and down | |||||
| Slowly move head up and down while standing for one minute, inhaling in the up position | X | X | |||
| Be careful to NOT bump the respirator | |||||
| Talking | |||||
| Talk slowly and loud enough to be heard clearly by the individual conducting fit testing for one minute. Choose ONE of the following: | |||||
| ▪ Read from a prepared text such as the Rainbow Passage1 | X | X | |||
| ▪ Count backward from 100 | |||||
| ▪ Recite a memorized poem or song. | |||||
| Grimace | |||||
| Smile or frown for fifteen seconds. | X | ||||
| Bending over | |||||
| Bend over to touch toes while standing. Repeat at a comfortable pace for one minute | |||||
| OR | X | X | |||
| Jog in place for one minute if the test enclosure, such as a hood, does not permit bending over | |||||
| Normal breathing | |||||
| Breathe normally while standing for one minute | X | X | |||
| Face forward | |||||
| Premeasurement activity: Stand and breath normally, without talking | X | ||||
| Measurement position: Face forward while holding breath for 10 seconds | |||||
| Bending over | |||||
| Premeasurement activity: While standing, bend over to touch toes | X | ||||
| Measurement position: Hold the bending position with face parallel to the floor while holding breath for 10 seconds | |||||
| Head shaking | |||||
| Premeasurement activity: Vigorously shake head from side to side for 3 seconds while shouting or making the sound of "BRRRR" loudly | X | ||||
| Measurement position: Face forward, while holding breath for 10 seconds | |||||
| Redon-1 | |||||
| Premeasurement activity: Remove the respirator completely and put it back on | X | ||||
| Measurement position: Face forward while holding breath for 10 seconds | |||||
| Redon-2 | |||||
| Repeat the premeasurement activity and measurement position described in Redon-1 | X | ||||
| 1The Rainbow Passage: | |
| "When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act like a prism and form a rainbow. The rainbow is a division of white light into many beautiful colors. These take the shape of a long round arch, with its path high above, and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon. There is, according to legend, a boiling pot of gold at one end. People look, but no one ever finds it. When a man looks for something beyond reach, his friends say he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow." |
[]
You must:
Follow the procedure in Table 20 for cleaning and disinfecting respirators.
Table 20
Respirator Cleaning Procedure
| Step | Task | |||
| 1. | Remove filters, cartridges, canisters, speaking diaphragms, demand and pressure valve assemblies, hoses, or any components recommended by the manufacturer. | |||
| Discard or repair any defective parts. | ||||
| 2. | Wash components in warm (43°C (110°F) maximum) water with a mild detergent or with a cleaner recommended by the manufacturer | |||
| A stiff bristle (not wire) brush may be used to help remove the dirt | ||||
| If the detergent or cleaner does not contain a disinfecting agent, respirator components should be immersed for two minutes in one of the following: | ||||
| A bleach solution (concentration of 50 parts per million of chlorine). Make this by adding approximately one milliliter of laundry bleach to one liter of water at 43°C (110°F) | ||||
| A solution of iodine (50 parts per million iodine). Make this in two steps: | ||||
| ▪ First, make a tincture of iodine by adding 6-8 grams of solid ammonium iodide and/or potassium iodide to 100 cc of 45% alcohol approximately | ||||
| ▪ Second, add 0.8 milliliters of the tincture to one liter of water at 43°C (110°F) to get the final solution | ||||
| Other commercially available cleansers of equivalent disinfectant quality when used as directed, if their use is recommended or approved by the respirator manufacturer. | ||||
| 3. | Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm (43°C (110°F) maximum), preferably, running water. | |||
| Note: The importance of thorough rinsing cannot be overemphasized. Detergents or disinfectants that dry on facepieces could cause dermatitis. In addition, some disinfectants may cause deterioration of rubber or corrosion of metal parts, if not completely removed. | ||||
| 4. | Drain components. | |||
| 5. | Air-dry components or hand dry components with a clean, lint-free cloth. | |||
| 6. | Reassemble the facepiece components. | |||
| Replace filters, cartridges, and canisters, if necessary (for testing). | ||||
| 7. | Test the respirator to make sure all components work properly. | |||
[]
IMPORTANT:
User seal checks are NOT a substitute for fit tests. See WAC 296-307-62010 for fit test procedures.
You may use a seal check procedure recommended by the respirator manufacturer INSTEAD of the procedure outlined in Table 21 if you can demonstrate the procedure is based on a scientific study that, for example, demonstrates the procedure effectively identifies respirators that fit poorly when put on or adjusted.
You must:
Make sure employees perform a user seal check as outlined in Table 21, EACH TIME the respirator is worn, to make sure the seal is adequate.
Table 21
| User Seal Check Procedure | ||
| Important information for employees: | ||
| You need to conduct a seal check each time you put your respirator on BEFORE you enter the respirator use area. The purpose of a seal check is to make sure your respirator (which has been previously fit tested by your employer) is properly positioned on your face to prevent leakage during use and to detect functional problems | ||
| The procedure below has two parts; a positive pressure check and a negative pressure check. You must complete both parts each time. It should only take a few seconds to perform, once you learn it | ||
| If you cannot pass both parts, your respirator is NOT functioning properly, see your supervisor for further instruction. | ||
| Positive pressure check: | ||
| 1. Remove exhalation valve cover, if removable. | ||
| 2. Cover the exhalation valve completely with the palm of your hand WHILE exhaling gently to inflate the facepiece slightly. | ||
| 3. The respirator facepiece should remain inflated (indicating a build-up of positive pressure and NO outward leakage). | ||
| If you detect NO leakage, replace the exhalation valve cover (if removed), and proceed to conduct the negative pressure check | ||
| If you detect evidence of leakage, reposition the respirator (after removing and inspecting it), and try the positive pressure check again. | ||
| Negative pressure check: | ||
| 4. Completely cover the inhalation opening(s) on the cartridges or canister with the palm(s) of your hands WHILE inhaling gently to collapse the facepiece slightly. | ||
| If you cannot use the palm(s) of your hands to effectively cover the inhalation openings on cartridges or canisters, you may use: | ||
| Filter seal(s) (if available) | ||
| OR | ||
| Thin rubber gloves. | ||
| 5. Once the facepiece is collapsed, hold your breath for 10 seconds WHILE keeping the inhalation openings covered. | ||
| 6. The facepiece should remain slightly collapsed (indicating negative pressure and NO inward leakage). | ||
| If you detect NO evidence of leakage, the tightness of the facepiece is considered adequate, the procedure is completed, and you may now use the respirator | ||
| If you detect leakage, reposition the respirator (after removing and inspecting it) and repeat BOTH the positive and negative fit checks. | ||
[]
Air-purifying respirator (APR)
A respirator equipped with an air-purifying element such as a filter, cartridge, or canister, OR having a filtering facepiece, for example, a dust mask.
The element or filtering facepiece is designed to remove specific contaminants, such as particles, vapors, or gases, from air that passes through it.
Air-line respirator
An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which breathing air is drawn from a source separate from and not worn by the user, such as:
A cylinder or a tank
A compressor
An uncontaminated environment.
Air supplied respirator (see air-line respirator)
Assigned protection factor (APF)
Indicates the expected level of workplace respiratory protection WHEN the respirator is:
Functioning properly
AND
Fitted to the user
AND
Worn by trained individuals
AND
Used with the limitations specified on the NIOSH approval label.
Atmosphere-supplying respirator
A respirator that supplies the user with breathing air from sources, such as:
A cylinder or a tank
A compressor
An uncontaminated environment.
Breathing air
Air supplied to an atmosphere-supplying respirator. This air meets the specifications found in WAC 296-307-616.
Canister or cartridge (air-purifying)
Part of an air-purifying respirator that consists of a container holding materials such as fiber, treated charcoal, or a combination of the two, that removes contaminants from the air passing through the cartridge or canister.
Cartridge respirator (see also air-purifying respirator)
An air-purifying respirator equipped with one or more cartridges. These respirators have a facepiece made from silicone, rubber OR other plastic-like materials.
Demand respirator
An atmosphere-supplying respirator that sends breathing air to the facepiece only when suction (negative pressure) is created inside the facepiece by inhalation. Demand respirators are "negative pressure" respirators.
Dust mask
A name used to refer to filtering-facepiece respirators. Dust masks may or may not be NIOSH certified. See filtering facepiece.
Emergency respirator
Respirators suitable for rescue, escape, or other activities during emergency situations.
Emergency situation
Any occurrence that could OR does result in a significant uncontrolled release of an airborne contaminant. Causes of emergency situations include, but are not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment.
End-of-service-life indicator (ESLI)
A system that warns the air-purifying respirator user that cartridges or canisters must be changed. An example of an ESLI is a dot on the respirator cartridge that changes color.
Escape-only respirator
A respirator that can only be used to exit during emergencies. Look for this use limitation on the respirator's NIOSH approval label.
Exposed, or exposure
The contact an employee has with a toxic substance, harmful physical agent, or oxygen deficient condition. Exposure can occur through various routes of entry, such as inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or skin absorption.
Filter
Fibrous material that removes dust, spray, mist, fume, fog, smoke particles, OR other aerosols from the air.
Filtering-facepiece respirator
A tight-fitting, half-facepiece, negative-pressure, particulate air-purifying respirator with the facepiece MAINLY composed of filter material. These respirators do not use cartridges or canisters and may have sealing surfaces composed of rubber, silicone or other plastic-like materials. They are sometimes referred to as "dust masks."
Fit factor
A number providing an estimate of fit for a particular respiratory inlet covering to a specific individual during quantitative fit testing.
Fit test (see also qualitative fit test and quantitative fit test)
Fit testing is an activity where the facepiece seal of a respirator is challenged, using a WISHA accepted procedure, to determine if the respirator provides an adequate seal.
Full-facepiece respirator
A tight-fitting respirator that covers the wearer's nose, mouth, and eyes.
Gas mask
An air-purifying respirator equipped with one or more canisters. These respirators have a facepiece made from silicone, rubber OR other plastic-like materials.
Half-facepiece respirator
A tight-fitting respirator that only covers the wearer's nose and mouth.
Helmet
The rigid part of a respirator that covers the wearer's head AND also provides head protection against impact or penetration.
High-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA)
A powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) filter that removes at least 99.97% of monodisperse dioctyl phthalate (DOP) particles with a mean particle diameter of 0.3 micrometer from contaminated air.
| Note: | Filters designated, under 42 CFR Part 84, as an "N100," "R100," or "P100" provide the same filter efficiency (99.97%) as HEPA filters. |
The part of a respirator that completely covers the wearer's head and neck AND may also cover some or all of the shoulders and torso.
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)
An atmospheric condition that would:
Cause an immediate threat to life
OR
Cause permanent or delayed adverse health effects
OR
Interfere with an employee's ability to escape.
Licensed healthcare professional (LHCP)
An individual whose legally permitted scope of medical practice allows him or her to provide SOME OR ALL of the healthcare services required for respirator users' medical evaluations.
Loose-fitting facepiece
A respiratory inlet covering that is designed to form a partial seal with the face.
Negative-pressure respirator
Any tight-fitting respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is less than the air pressure outside the respirator during inhalation.
NIOSH
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH is the federal agency that certifies respirators for occupational use.
Oxygen deficient
An atmosphere with an oxygen content below 19.5% by volume.
Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
Permissible exposure limits (PELs) are employee exposures to toxic substances or harmful agents that must not be exceeded. PELs are specified in applicable WISHA chapters.
Positive-pressure respirator
A respirator in which the air pressure inside the respiratory-inlet covering is greater than the air pressure outside the respirator.
Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs)
An air-purifying respirator equipped with a blower that draws ambient air through cartridges or canisters. These respirators, as a group, are NOT classified as positive pressure respirators and must not be used as such.
Pressure-demand respirator
A positive-pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that sends breathing air to the respiratory inlet covering when the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation or leakage.
Qualitative fit test (QLFT)
A test that determines the adequacy of respirator fit for an individual. The test relies on the employee's ability to detect a test substance. Test results are either "pass" or "fail."
Quantitative fit test (QNFT)
A test that determines the adequacy of respirator fit for an individual. The test relies on specialized equipment that performs numeric measurements of leakage into the respiratory inlet covering. Test results are used to calculate a "fit factor."
Respiratory hazard
Harmful airborne hazards and oxygen deficiency that are addressed in WAC 296-307-624, Identifying and controlling airborne hazards and oxygen deficiency.
Required use
Respirator use:
That is necessary to protect employees from respiratory hazards
OR
That the employer decides to require for his or her own reasons. For example, the employer decides to follow more rigorous exposure limits
The employer for his or her own reasons. For example, the employer decides to follow more rigorous exposure limits, OR the employer is required to follow a medical recommendation.
Respirator
A type of personal protective equipment designed to protect the wearer from harmful airborne hazards, oxygen deficiency, or both.
Respiratory inlet covering
The part of a respirator that forms the protective barrier between the user's respiratory tract and an air-purifying device or breathing air source or both. The respiratory inlet covering may be a facepiece, helmet, hood, suit, or mouthpiece respirator with nose clamp.
Seal check
Actions conducted by the respirator user each time the respirator is put on, to determine if the respirator is properly seated on the face.
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
An atmosphere-supplying respirator designed for the breathing air source, to be carried by the user.
Service-life
The period of time that a respirator, filter or sorbent, or other respiratory equipment provides adequate protection to the wearer. For example, the period of time that sorbent cartridge is effective for removing a harmful substance from the air.
Sorbent
Rigid, porous material, such as charcoal, used to remove vapor or gas from the air.
Supplied-air respirator (see air-line respirator)
Tight-fitting facepiece
A respiratory inlet covering forming a complete seal with the face OR neck. Mouthpiece respirators aren't tight-fitting facepieces.
Voluntary use
Respirator use that is requested by the employee AND permitted by the employer when NO respiratory hazard exists.
[]
OTS-7359.1
Part Y-6
Respiratory Hazards
NEW SECTION
WAC 296-307-624
Scope.
This part applies only if your employees:
Are exposed to a respiratory hazard
OR
Could be exposed to one of the specific hazards listed below.
This part applies to any workplace with potential or actual employee exposure to respiratory hazards. It requires you to protect employees from respiratory hazards by applying this protection strategy:
Evaluate employee exposures to determine if controls are needed
Use feasible controls. For example, enclose or confine the operation, use ventilation systems, or substitute with less toxic material
Use respirators if controls are not feasible or if they cannot completely remove the hazard.
Definition:
Exposed or exposure:
The contact an employee has with a toxic substance, harmful physical agent or oxygen deficient condition, whether or not protection is provided by respirators or other personal protective equipment (PPE). Exposure can occur through various routes of entry, such as inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or skin absorption.
| Note: | Examples of substances that may be respiratory hazards when airborne include: |
| Chemicals listed in Table 3 | |
| Any substance | |
| Listed in the latest edition of the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | |
| For which positive evidence of an acute or chronic health hazard exists through tests conducted by, or known to, the employer | |
| That may pose a hazard to human health as stated on a material safety data sheet kept by, or known to, the employer | |
| Atmospheres considered oxygen deficient | |
| Biological agents such as harmful bacteria, viruses or fungi | |
| Examples include airborne TB aerosols and anthrax | |
| Pesticides with a label requirement for respirator use | |
| Chemicals used as crowd control agents such as pepper spray | |
| Chemicals present at clandestine drug labs. | |
| These substances can be airborne as dusts, fibers, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smoke, sprays, vapors, or aerosols. |
| Reference: | Substances in Table 3 that are marked with an X in the "skin" column may require personal protective equipment (PPE). See WAC 296-307-100, Personal protective equipment, for additional information and requirements. |
| If any of the following hazards are present in your workplace, you will need both this part and any of the following specific rules that apply: |
| Hazard | Rule that applies |
| Acrylonitrile | WAC 296-62-07336 |
| Arsenic (inorganic) | WAC 296-62-07347 |
| Asbestos | WAC 296-62-077 |
| Benzene | WAC 296-62-07523 |
| Butadiene | WAC 296-62-07460 |
| Cadmium | WAC 296-62-074 through 296-62-07449 or 296-155-174 |
| Carcinogens | Chapter 296-62 WAC, Part F |
| Coke ovens | Chapter 296-62 WAC, Part O |
| Cotton dust | Chapter 296-62 WAC, Part N |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane |
WAC 296-62-07342 |
| Ethylene oxide | WAC 296-62-07355 |
| Formaldehyde | WAC 296-62-07540 |
| Lead | WAC 296-62-07521 or 296-155-176 |
| Methylene chloride | WAC 296-62-07470 |
| Methylenedianiline | WAC 296-62-076 or 296-155-173 |
| Thiram | WAC 296-62-07519 |
| Vinyl chloride | WAC 296-62-07329 |
[]
Summary:
Your responsibility:
To protect your employees from exposure to respiratory hazards in the workplace by identifying and controlling the hazards.
You must:
Identify and evaluate employee exposures
Control employee exposures
Use respirators
Notify employees
Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants
[]
You must:
Make sure employees are protected from potentially hazardous exposure while you perform your evaluation
Perform your evaluation without considering the protection provided to employees by a respirator
Determine the form of the hazard, such as dust, mist, gas, oxygen deficiency, or biological agent
Make sure you consider:
Potential emergency and rescue situations that may occur, such as equipment or power failures, uncontrolled chemical reactions, fire, explosion, or human error
Workplace conditions such as work processes, types of material, control methods, work practices and environmental conditions.
Determine or reasonably estimate whether any employee is or could be exposed to any of the following:
Any airborne substance above a permissible exposure limit (PEL) listed in Table 3
A substance at or above the action level (AL) specified in the rule for that substance
Any other respiratory hazard.
Use any of the following to determine employee exposure:
Information that would allow an estimate of the level of employee exposure, such as MSDSs or pesticide labels, observations, measurements or calculations
Data demonstrating that a particular product, material or activity cannot result in employee exposure at or above the AL or PEL
Personal air samples that represent an employee's usual or worst case exposure for the entire shift.
| Note: | Rules for specific substances may contain additional requirements for determining employee exposure. |
| Use methods of sampling and analysis that have been validated by the laboratory performing the analysis. | |
| Samples from a representative group of employees may be used for other employees performing the same work activities when the duration and level of exposure are similar. |
Consider the atmosphere to be immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) when you cannot determine or reasonably estimate employee exposure
Make sure employee exposure, to 2 or more substances with additive health effects, is evaluated using this formula:
| Em | = | C1 L1 |
+ | C2 L2 |
+ | ... | + | Cn Ln |
| The symbol | Is the . . . |
| E | Equivalent exposure for the mixture. When the value of E is greater than 1, a respiratory hazard is present. |
| C | Concentration of a particular substance. |
| L | TWA, STEL, or ceiling for that substance from Table 3. |
[]
You must:
Use feasible controls to protect employees from exposure to respiratory hazards by:
Reducing employee exposure to a level that removes the respiratory hazard, such as to a level below the permissible exposure limit (PEL) in Table 3;
OR
Reducing the exposure to the lowest achievable level, when the respiratory hazard cannot be removed.
| Note: | The following table gives you examples of control methods. |
Table 1
Examples of Possible Controls
| Control: | For example: |
| Using a different chemical (substitution) | Choose a chemical with a lower evaporation rate or vapor pressure. |
| Choose a chemical without hazardous ingredients. | |
| Changing a process to lessen emissions | Use hand rolling or paint dipping instead of paint spraying. |
| Bolt items instead of welding them. | |
| Separating employees from emissions areas and sources | Use control rooms. |
| Build an enclosure around process machinery or other emissions sources. | |
| Automate a process. | |
| Removing emissions at or near the source (local exhaust ventilation) | Install exhaust hoods or slots to capture emissions. |
| Use an exhausted enclosure (like a blasting cabinet or laboratory hood). | |
| Diluting and removing emissions in the work area (general exhaust ventilation) | Allow natural air movement to create an adequate airflow through an area. |
| Use mechanical fans. | |
| Modify work practices | Change the position of the worker relative to the work so fumes, vapors, or smoke do not go into their face. |
| Rotate employees Some specific rules prohibit the use of this control method |
Move employees to another job that is without exposure, on a schedule to keep their total exposure below the permissible exposure limit. |
[]
You must:
Require employees to use respiratory protection when respiratory hazards have not been removed using feasible controls. For example, use respirators at any of the following times:
While controls are being evaluated or put in place
When the respiratory hazard is not completely removed
When controls are not feasible.
| Reference: | See WAC 296-307-594, Respirators, for respirator program requirements. |
[]
You must:
Notify employees who are or may be exposed to respiratory hazards, as specified in Table 2.
| Note: | The notification may be provided either individually, to a group, or by posting of results in an appropriate location that's accessible to affected employees. |
Table 2
Notification Requirements
| Notify employees of: | As follows: |
| Any exposure result above a permissible exposure limit (PEL) | Within five business days, after the employee's exposure result is known to the employer |
| The corrective action being taken to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL | Within fifteen business days, after the employee's exposure result is known to the employer |
| AND | |
| The schedule for completion of the corrective action and any reasons why exposures cannot be lowered to below the PEL | |
| An exposure to these substances: | In writing, as specified in the rule specific to the substance |
| Acrylonitrile | |
| Arsenic (inorganic) | |
| Asbestos | |
| Benzene | |
| Butadiene | |
| Cadmium | |
| Coke oven emissions | |
| Cotton dust | |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane | |
| Ethylene oxide | |
| Formaldehyde | |
| Lead | |
| Methylene chloride | |
| Methylenedianiline | |
| Vinyl chloride |
[]
IMPORTANT:
The following information applies to Table 3, Permissible Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants.
Exposure needs to be determined from personal air samples taken in the breathing zone or from monitoring representative of the employee's breathing zone.
Ppm refers to parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume, at 25 degrees C and 760 mm Hg pressure.
Mg/m3 refers to milligrams of substance per cubic meter of air.
For a metal that is measured as the metal itself, only the CAS number for the metal is given. The CAS numbers for individual compounds of the metal are not provided. For more information about CAS registry numbers see the website: http://www.cas.org.
Time weighted averages (TWA8) represent the maximum allowed average exposure for any 8-hour time period. For work periods longer than 8 hours the TWA8 needs to be determined using the 8 continuous hours with the highest average concentration.
Short-term exposure limits (STEL) represent maximum allowed average exposure for any fifteen-minute period, unless another time period is noted in Table 3.
The ceiling represents the maximum allowed exposure for the shortest time period that can feasibly be measured.
An "X" in the "skin" column indicates the substance can be absorbed through the skin, either by airborne or direct contact.
Requirements for the use of gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other personal protective equipment can be found in WAC 296-307-100.
The respirable fraction of particulate is measured by sampling with a size-selector having the following characteristics:
| Mean aerodynamic diameter in micrometers | Percent passing the selector |
| 1 | 97 |
| 2 | 91 |
| 3 | 74 |
| 4 | 50 |
| 5 | 30 |
| 6 | 17 |
| 7 | 9 |
| 8 | 5 |
| 10 | 1 |
| Substance | CAS | TWA8 | STEL | Ceiling | Skin |
| Abate (Temephos) | 3383-96-8 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Acetic acid | 64-19-7 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Acetic anhydride | 108-24-7 | ---- | ---- | 5 ppm | ---- |
| Acetone | 67-64-1 | 750 ppm | 1,000 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Acetonitrile | 75-05-8 | 40 ppm | 60 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Acetylaminofluorene (see WAC 296-62-073) |
53-96-3 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Acetylene | 74-86-2 | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Acetylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethylene) |
540-59-0 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Acetylene tetrabromide | 79-27-6 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) |
50-78-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Acrylamide | 79-06-1 | 0.03 mg/m3 | 0.09 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Acrylic acid | 79-10-7 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| Acrylonitrile (Vinyl cyanide) (see WAC 296-62-07336) |
107-13-1 | 2 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Aldrin | 309-00-2 | 0.25 mg/m3 | 0.75 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Allyl alcohol | 107-18-6 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Allyl chloride | 107-05-1 | 1 ppm | 2 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) | 106-92-3 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Allyl propyl disulfide | 2179-59-1 | 2 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| alpha-Alumina (Aluminum oxide) |
1344-28-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Aluminum (as Al) | 7429-90-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Pyro powders | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Welding fumes | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Soluble salts | ---- | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Alkyls (NOC) | ---- | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Aluminum oxide (Alundum, Corundum) |
7429-90-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| 4-Aminodiphenyl (see WAC 296-62-073) |
92-67-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Aminoethanol (Ethanolamine) |
141-43-5 | 3 ppm | 6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Aminopyridine | 504-29-0 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Amitrole | 61-82-5 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Ammonia | 7664-41-7 | 25 ppm | 35 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ammonium chloride, fume | 12125-02-9 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Ammonium sulfamate (Ammate) | 7773-06-0 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5.0 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| n-Amyl acetate | 628-63-7 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| sec-Amyl acetate | 626-38-0 | 125 ppm | 156 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Aniline and homologues | 62-53-3 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Anisidine (o, p-isomers) | 29191-52-4 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Antimony and compounds (as Sb) | 7440-36-0 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| ANTU (alpha Naphthyl thiourea) |
86-88-4 | 0.3 mg/m3 | 0.9 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Argon | 7440-37-1 | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Arsenic, organic compounds (as As) |
7440-38-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Arsenic, inorganic compounds (as As) (when use is covered by WAC 296-62-07347) |
7440-38-2 | 0.01 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Arsenic, inorganic compounds (as As) (when use is not covered by WAC 296-62-07347) |
7440-38-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Arsine | 7784-42-1 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Asbestos (see WAC 296-62-077) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Asphalt (Petroleum fumes) | 8052-42-4 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Atrazine | 1912-24-9 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Azinphos methyl (Guthion) | 86-50-0 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Azodrin (Monocrotophos) | 6923-22-4 | 0.25 mg/m3 | 0.75 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Barium, soluble compounds (as Ba) |
7440-39-3 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Barium sulfate | 7727-43-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Baygon (Propoxur) | 114-26-1 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Benomyl | 17804-35-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Benzene (see WAC 296-62-07523) |
71-43-2 | 1 ppm | 5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Benzidine (see WAC 296-62-073) |
92-87-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| p-Benzoquinone (Quinone) |
106-51-4 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Benzo(a) pyrene (Coal tar pitch volatiles) |
65996-93-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Benzoyl peroxide | 94-36-0 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Benzyl chloride | 100-44-7 | 1ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be) |
7440-41-7 | 0.002 mg/m3 | 0.005 mg/m3 (30 min.) |
0.025 mg/m3 | ---- |
| Biphenyl (Diphenyl) | 92-52-4 | 0.2 ppm | 0.6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Bismuth telluride, undoped | 1304-82-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Bismuth telluride, Se-doped | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Borates, tetra, sodium salts | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Anhydrous | 1330-43-4 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Decahydrate | 1303-96-4 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Pentahydrate | 12179-04-3 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Boron oxide | 1303-86-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Boron tribromide | 10294-33-4 | ---- | ---- | 1 ppm | ---- |
| Boron trifluoride | 6737-07-2 | ---- | ---- | 1 ppm | ---- |
| Bromacil | 314-40-9 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Bromine | 7726-95-6 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Bromine pentafluoride | 7789-30-2 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Bromochloromethane (Chlorobromomthane) |
74-97-5 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Bromoform | 15-25-2 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | X |
| Butadiene (1,3-butadiene) |
106-99-0 | 1 ppm | 5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Butane | 106-97-8 | 800 ppm | 1,000 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Butanethiol (Butyl mercaptan) |
109-79-5 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone) |
78-93-3 | 200 ppm | 300 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Butoxy ethanol (Butyl cellosolve) |
111-76-2 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | X |
| n-Butyl acetate | 123-86-4 | 150 ppm | 200 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| sec-Butyl acetate | 105-46-4 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| tert-Butyl acetate | 540-88-5 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Butyl acrylate | 141-32-2 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| n-Butyl alcohol | 71-36-3 | ---- | ---- | 50 ppm | X |
| sec-Butyl alcohol | 78-92-2 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | -- -- | ---- |
| tert-Butyl alcohol | 75-65-0 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Butylamine | 109-73-9 | ---- | ---- | 5 ppm | X |
| Butyl cellosolve (2-Butoxy ethanol) | 111-76-2 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| tert-Butyl chromate (as CrOs) |
1189-85-1 | ---- | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | X |
| n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) | 2426-08-6 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| n-Butyl lactate | 138-22-7 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | --- | ---- |
| Butyl mercaptan | 109-79-5 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| o-sec-Butylphenol | 89-72-5 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| p-tert-Butyl-toluene | 98-51-1 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Cadmium oxide fume (as Cd) (see WAC 296-62-074) |
1306-19-0 | 0.005 mg/m3 | ---- | -- -- | ---- |
| Cadmium dust and salts (as Cd) (see WAC 296-62-074) |
7440-43-9 | 0.005 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Calcium arsenate (see WAC 296-62-07347) |
---- | 0.01 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Calcium carbonate | 1317-65-3 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Calcium cyanamide | 156-62-7 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Calcium hydroxide | 1305-62-0 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Calcium oxide | 1305-78-8 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Calcium silicate | 1344-95-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Calcium sulfate | 7778-18-9 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Camphor (synthetic) | 76-22-2 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Caprolactam | 105-60-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Dust | ---- | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Vapor | ---- | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Captafol (Difolatan) |
2425-06-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Captan | 133-06-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Carbaryl (Sevin) | 63-25-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Carbofuran (Furadon) | 1563-66-2 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Carbon black | 1333-86-4 | 3.5 mg/m3 | 7 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Carbon dioxide | 124-38-9 | 5,000 ppm | 30,000 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Carbon disulfide | 75-15-0 | 4 ppm | 12 ppm | ---- | X |
| Carbon monoxide | 630-08-0 | 35 ppm | 200 ppm (5 min.) | 1,500 ppm | ---- |
| Carbon tetrabromide | 558-13-4 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Carbon tetrachloride (Tetrachloromethane) |
56-23-5 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Carbonyl chloride (Phosgene) |
7803-51-2 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Carbonyl fluoride | 353-50-4 | 2 ppm | 5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Catechol (Pyrocatechol) | 120-80-9 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Cellosolve acetate (2-Ethoxyethylacetate) |
111-15-9 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Cellulose (paper fiber) | 9004-34-6 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cesium hydroxide | 21351-79-1 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Chlordane | 57-74-9 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Chlorinated camphene (Toxaphen) |
8001-35-2 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Chlorinated diphenyl oxide | 55720-99-5 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Chlorine | 7782-50-5 | 0.5 ppm | ---- | 1 ppm | ---- |
| Chlorine dioxide | 10049-04-4 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Chlorine trifluoride | 7790-91-2 | ---- | ---- | 0.1 ppm | ---- |
| Chloroacetaldehyde | 107-20-0 | ---- | ---- | 1 ppm | ---- |
| a-Chloroacetophenone (Phenacyl chloride) |
532-21-4 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Chloroacetyl chloride | 79-04-9 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Chlorobenzene (Monochlorobenzene) |
108-90-7 | 75 ppm | 113 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (OCBM) |
2698-41-1 | ---- | ---- | 0.05 ppm | X |
| Chlorobromomethane | 74-97-5 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Chloro-1, 3-butadiene (beta-Chloroprene) |
126-99-8 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| Chlorodifluoromethane | 75-45-6 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Chlorodiphenyl (42% Chlorine) (PCB) (Polychlorobiphenyls) |
53469-21-9 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) (Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB)) |
11097-69-1 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 1-Chloro-2, 3-epoxypropane (Epichlorhydrin) |
106-89-8 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| 2-Chloroethanol (Ethylene chlorohydrin) |
107-07-3 | ---- | ---- | 1 ppm | X |
| Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) (See WAC 296-62-07329) |
75-01-4 | 1 ppm | 5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Chloroform (Trichloromethane) | 67-66-3 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1-Chloro-1-nitropropane | 600-25-9 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| bis-Chloromethyl ether (see WAC 296-62-073) |
542-88-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Chloromethyl methyl ether (Methyl chloromethyl ether) (see WAC 296-62-073) |
107-30-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Chloropentafluoroethane | 76-15-3 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Chloropicrin (Nitrotrichloromethane) | 76-06-2 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| beta-Chloroprene (2-Chloro-1, 3-butadiene) |
126-99-8 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| o-Chlorostyrene | 2039-87-4 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| o-Chlorotoluene | 95-49-8 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine (Nitrapyrin) |
1929-82-4 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Chlorpyrifos | 2921-88-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Chromic acid and chromates (as CrO3) |
Varies with compound |
0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Chromium, soluble, chromic and chromous salts (as Cr) |
7440-47-3 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | -- -- |
| Chromium (VI) compounds (as Cr) |
---- | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Chromium metal and insoluble salts |
7440-47-3 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Chromyl chloride | 14977-61-8 | 0.025 ppm | 0.075 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Chrysene (Coal tar pitch volatiles) |
65996-93-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Clopidol | 2971-90-6 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Coal dust (less than 5% SiO2) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Coal dust (greater than or equal to 5% SiO2) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Coal tar pitch volatiles (benzene soluble fraction) (Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) |
65996-93-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cobalt, metal fume & dust (as Co) |
7440-48-4 | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cobalt carbonyl (as Co) | 10210-68-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cobalt hydrocarbonyl (as Co) | 16842-03-8 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Coke oven emissions (see WAC 296-62-200) |
---- | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Copper (as Cu) | 7440-50-8 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Fume | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Dusts and mists | ---- | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cotton dust (raw) (waste sorting, blending, cleaning, willowing and garetting) (see WAC 296-62-14533) | ---- | 1 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Corundum (Aluminum oxide) | 7429-90-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Crag herbicide (Sesone, Sodium-2, 4-dichloro-phenoxyethyl sulfate) |
136-78-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cresol (all isomers) | 1319-77-3 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Crotonaldehyde
|
123-73-9; 4170-30-3 |
2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Crufomate | 299-86-5 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cumene | 98-82-8 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | X |
| Cyanamide | 420-04-2 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Cyanide (as CN) | Varies with compound |
5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Cyanogen | 460-19-5 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Cyanogen chloride | 506-77-4 | ---- | ---- | 0.3 ppm | ---- |
| Cyclohexane | 110-82-7 | 300 ppm | 375 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Cyclohexanol | 108-93-0 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | X |
| Cyclohexanone | 108-94-1 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | X |
| Cyclohexene | 110-83-8 | 300 ppm | 375 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Cyclohexylamine | 108-91-8 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Cyclonite (RDX) | 121-82-4 | 1.5 mg/m3 | 3.0 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Cyclopentadiene | 542-92-7 | 75 ppm | 113 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Cyclopentane | 287-92-3 | 600 ppm | 750 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Cyhexatin (Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide) |
13121-70-5 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxy- acetic acid) |
94-75-7 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| DBCP (1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane) (See WAC 296-62-07342) |
96-12-8 | 0.001 ppm | ---- | 0.005 ppm | ---- |
| DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltri- chloroethane) |
50-29-3 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| DDVP, (Dichlorvos) | 62-73-7 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dasanit (Fensulfothion) |
115-90-2 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Decaborane | 17702-41-9 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | X |
| Demeton | 8065-48-3 | 0.01 ppm | 0.03 ppm | ---- | X |
| Diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy-4-methyl- 2-pentanone) |
123-42-2 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 2-Diaminoethane (Ethylenediamine) |
107-15-3 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diazinon | 333-41-5 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Diazomethane | 334-88-3 | 0.2 ppm | 0.6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diborane | 19287-45-7 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dibrom (see Naled) | 300-76-5 | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 1, 2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) (see WAC 296-62-07342) |
96-12-8 | 0.001 ppm | ---- | 0.005 ppm | ---- |
| 2-N-Dibutylamino ethanol | 102-81-8 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dibutyl phosphate | 107-66-4 | 1 ppm | 2 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dibutyl phthalate | 84-74-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Dichloroacetylene | 7572-29-4 | ---- | ----- | 0.1 ppm | ---- |
| o-Dichlorobenzene | 95-50-1 | ---- | ---- | 50 ppm | ---- |
| p-Dichlorobenzene | 106-46-7 | 75 ppm | 110 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 3, 3'-Dichlorobenzidine (see WAC 296-62-073) |
91-94-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Dichlorodiphenyltri- chloroethane (DDT) |
50-29-3 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Dichlorodifluoromethane | 75-71-8 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 3-Dichloro-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin |
118-52-5 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 1-Dichloroethane (Ethylidine chloride) |
75-34-3 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene dichloride) |
107-06-2 | 1 ppm | 2 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 1-Dichloroethylene (Vinylidene chloride) |
75-35-4 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 2-Dichloroethylene (Acetylene dichloride) |
540-59-0 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dichloroethyl ether | 111-44-4 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dichlorofluoromethane | 75-43-4 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) (See WAC 296-62-07470) |
75-09-2 | 25 ppm | 125 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane | 594-72-9 | 2 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) |
94-75-7 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 2-Dichloropropane (Propylene dichloride) |
78-87-5 | 75 ppm | 110 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dichloropropene | 542-75-6 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | X |
| 2, 2-Dichloropropionic acid | 75-99-0 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dichlorotetrafluoroethane | 76-14-2 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dichlorvos (DDVP) | 62-73-7 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dicrotophos | 141-66-2 | 0.25 mg/m3 | 0.75 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Dicyclopentadiene | 77-73-6 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dicyclopentadienyl iron | 102-54-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Dieldrin | 60-57-1 | 0.25 mg/m3 | 0.75 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Diethanolamine | 111-42-2 | 3 ppm | 6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diethylamine | 109-89-7 | 10 ppm | 25 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Diethylaminoethanol | 100-37-8 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| Diethylene triamine | 111-40-0 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Diethyl ether (Ethyl ether) | 60-29-7 | 400 ppm | 500 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diethyl ketone | 96-22-0 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diethyl phthalate | 84-66-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Difluorodibromomethane | 75-61-6 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Difolatan (Captafol) | 2425-06-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Diglycidyl ether (DGE) | 2238-07-5 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dihydroxybenzene (Hydroquinone) |
123-31-9 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | -- -- | ---- |
| Diisobutyl ketone (2, 6- Dimethylheptanone) |
108-83-8 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diisopropylamine | 108-18-9 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dimethoxymethane (Methylal) | 109-87-5 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dimethyl acetamide | 127-19-5 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dimethylamine | 124-40-3 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 4-Dimethylaminoazo benzene (see WAC 296-62-073) |
60-11-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Dimethylaminobenzene (Xylidene) |
1300-73-8 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dimethylaniline (N, N-Dimethylaniline) |
121-69-7 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dimethylbenzene (Xylene) | 1300-73-8 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Dimethyl-1, 2-dibromo-2, 2-dichloroethyl phosphate (Naled) |
300-76-5 | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Dimethylformamide | 68-12-2 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| 2, 6-Dimethylheptanone (Diisobutyl ketone) |
108-83-8 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 1-Dimethylhydrazine | 57-14-7 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dimethyl phthalate | 131-11-3 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Dimethyl sulfate | 77-78-1 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dinitolmide (3, 5-Dinitro-o-toluamide) |
148-01-6 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Dinitrobenzene (all isomers - alpha, meta and para) |
528-29-0; 99-65-0; 100-25-4 |
0.15 ppm | 0.45 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dinitro-o-cresol | 534-52-1 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 3, 5-Dinitro-o-toluamide (Dinitolmide) |
148-01-6 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Dinitrotoluene | 25321-14-6 | 1.5 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide) | 123-91-1 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dioxathion | 78-34-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Diphenyl (Biphenyl) | 92-52-4 | 0.2 ppm | 0.6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diphenylamine | 122-39-4 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI)) |
101-68-8 | ---- | ---- | 0.02 ppm | ---- |
| Dipropylene glycol methyl ether | 34590-94-8 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | X |
| Dipropyl ketone | 123-19-3 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Diquat | 85-00-7 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Di-sec, Octyl phthalate (Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate) |
117-81-7 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Disulfram | 97-77-8 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Disulfoton | 298-04-4 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 2, 6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol | 128-37-0 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Diuron | 330-54-1 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Divinyl benzene | 1321-74-0 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Emery | 12415-34-8 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Endosulfan (Thiodan) | 115-29-7 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Endrin | 72-20-8 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Epichlorhydrin (1-Chloro-2, 3-epoxypropane) |
106-89-8 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| EPN | 2104-64-5 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 1, 2-Epoxypropane (Propylene oxide) |
75-56-9 | 20 ppm | 30 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2, 3-Epoxy-1-propanol (Glycidol) |
556-52-5 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethane | ---- | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Ethanethiol (Ethyl mercaptan) |
75-08-1 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol) |
64-17-5 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethanolamine (2-Aminoethanol) | 141-43-5 | 3 ppm | 6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethion | 563-12-2 | 0.4 mg/m3 | 1.2 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 2-Ethoxyethanol (Glycol monoethyl ether) |
110-80-5 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate (Cellosolve acetate) |
111-15-9 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Ethyl acetate | 141-78-6 | 400 ppm | 500 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl acrylate | 140-88-5 | 5 ppm | 25 ppm | ---- | X |
| Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) | 64-17-5 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethylamine | 75-04-07 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl amyl ketone (5-Methyl-3-hepatone) |
541-85-5 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl benzene | 100-41-4 | 100 ppm | 125 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl bromide | 74-96-4 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl butyl ketone (3-Heptanone) |
106-35-4 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl chloride | 75-00-3 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Ethylene chlorohydrin (2-Chloroethanol) |
107-07-3 | ---- | ---- | 1 ppm | X |
| Ethylenediamine (1,2- Diaminoethane) |
107-15-3 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| Ethylene dibromide | 106-93-4 | 0.1 ppm | 0.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) |
107-06-2 | 1 ppm | 2 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethylene glycol | 107-21-1 | ---- | ---- | 50 ppm | ---- |
| Ethylene glycol dinitrate | 628-96-6 | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether acetate (Methyl cellosolve acetate) |
---- | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Ethyleneimine (see WAC 296-62-073) |
151-56-4 | ---- | ---- | ---- | X |
| Ethylene oxide (see WAC 296-62-07359) |
75-21-8 | 1 ppm | 5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl ether (Diethyl ether) | 60-29-7 | 400 ppm | 500 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl formate | 109-94-4 | 100 ppm | 125 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethylidine chloride (1, 1-Dichloroethane) |
107-06-2 | 1 ppm | 2 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethylidene norbornene | 16219-75-3 | ---- | ---- | 5.0 ppm | ---- |
| Ethyl mercaptan (Ethanethiol) | 75-08-1 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| n-Ethylmorpholine | 100-74-3 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Ethyl sec-amyl ketone (5-methyl-3-heptanone) |
541-85-5 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Ethyl silicate | 78-10-4 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Fenamiphos | 22224-92-6 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Fensulfothion (Dasanit) | 115-90-2 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Fenthion | 55-38-9 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Ferbam | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | 14484-64-1 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Ferrovanadium dust | 12604-58-9 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Fluorides (as F) | Varies with compound |
2.5 mg/m3 | 5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Fluorine | 7782-41-4 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Fluorotrichloromethane (see Trichlorofluoro methane) |
75-69-4 | ---- | ---- | 1,000 ppm | ---- |
| Fonofos | 944-22-9 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Formaldehyde (see WAC 296-62-07540) |
50-00-0 | 0.75 ppm | 2 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Formamide | 75-12-7 | 20 ppm | 30 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Formic acid | 64-18-6 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Furadon (carbofuran) |
1563-66-2 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Furfural | 98-01-1 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Furfuryl alcohol | 98-00-0 | 10 ppm | 15 ppm | ---- | X |
| Gasoline | 8006-61-9 | 300 ppm | 500 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Germanium tetrahydride | 7782-65-2 | 0.2 ppm | 0.6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Glass, fibrous or dust | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Gluteraldehyde | 111-30-8 | ---- | ---- | 0.2 ppm | ---- |
| Glycerin mist | 56-81-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Glycidol (2, 3-Epoxy-1-propanol) |
556-52-5 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Glycol monoethyl ether (2-Ethoxyethanol) |
110-80-5 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Grain dust (oat, wheat, barley) | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Graphite, natural | 7782-42-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable particulate | ---- | 2.5 mg/m3 | 5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Graphite, synthetic | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Guthion (Azinphosmethyl) |
86-50-0 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Gypsum | 13397-24-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Hafnium | 7440-58-6 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Helium | ---- | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Heptachlor | 76-44-8 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Heptane (n-heptane) | 142-82-5 | 400 ppm | 500 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Heptanone (Methyl n-amyl ketone) |
110-43-0 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 3-Heptanone (Ethyl butyl ketone) |
106-35-4 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hexachlorobutadiene | 87-68-3 | 0.02 ppm | 0.06 ppm | ---- | X |
| Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 77-47-4 | 0.01 ppm | 0.03 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hexachloroethane | 67-72-1 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Hexachloronaphthalene | 1335-87-1 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Hexafluoroacetone | 684-16-2 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Hexane | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| n-hexane | 110-54-3 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| other isomers | Varies with compound |
500 ppm | 1,000 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Hexanone (Methyl-n-butyl ketone) |
591-78-6 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hexone (Methyl isobutyl ketone) |
108-10-1 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| sec-Hexyl acetate | 108-84-9 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hexylene glycol | 107-41-5 | ---- | ---- | 25 ppm | ---- |
| Hydrazine | 302-01-2 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Hydrogen | ---- | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Hydrogenated terphenyls | 61788-32-7 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hydrogen bromide | 10035-10-6 | ---- | ---- | 3.0 ppm | ---- |
| Hydrogen chloride | 7647-01-0 | ---- | ---- | 5.0 ppm | ---- |
| Hydrogen cyanide | 74-90-8 | ---- | 4.7 ppm | ---- | X |
| Hydrogen fluoride | 7664-39-3 | ---- | ---- | 3 ppm | ---- |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 7722-84-1 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hydrogen selenide (as Se) | 7783-07-5 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hydrogen sulfide | 7783-06-4 | 10 ppm | 15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Hydroquinone (Dihydroxybenzene) |
123-31-9 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (Diacetone alcohol) |
123-42-2 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Hydroxypropyl acrylate | 99-61-1 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | X |
| Indene | 95-13-6 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Indium and compounds (as In) | 7440-74-6 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Iodine | 7553-56-2 | ---- | ---- | 0.1 ppm | ---- |
| Iodoform | 75-47-8 | 0.6 ppm | 1.8 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Iron oxide dust and fume (as Fe) | 1309-37-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Iron pentacarbonyl (as Fe) | 13463-40-6 | 0.1 ppm | 0.2 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Iron salts, soluble (as Fe) | Varies with compound |
1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Isoamyl acetate | 123-92-2 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isoamyl alcohol (primary and secondary) |
123-51-3 | 100 ppm | 125 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isobutyl acetate | 110-19-0 | 150 ppm | 188 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isobutyl alcohol | 78-83-1 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isooctyl alcohol | 26952-21-6 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | X |
| Isophorone | 78-59-1 | 4 ppm | ---- | 5 ppm | ---- |
| Isophorone diisocyanate | 4098-71-9 | 0.005 ppm | 0.02 ppm | ---- | X |
| Isopropoxyethanol | 109-59-1 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isopropyl acetate | 108-21-4 | 250 ppm | 310 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isopropyl alcohol | 67-63-0 | 400 ppm | 500 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isopropylamine | 75-31-0 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| N-Isopropylaniline | 768-52-5 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Isopropyl ether | 108-20-3 | 250 ppm | 313 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IGE) | 4016-14-2 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ----- | ---- |
| Kaolin | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Ketene | 463-51-4 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Lannate (Methomyl) |
16752-77-5 | 2.5 mg/m3 | 5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Lead, inorganic (as Pb) (see WAC 296-62-07521 and 296-155-176) |
7439-92-1 | 0.05 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Lead arsenate (as Pb) (see WAC 296-62-07347) |
3687-31-8 | 0.05 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Lead chromate (as Pb) | 7758-97-6 | 0.05 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Limestone | 1317-65-3 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Lindane | 58-89-9 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Lithium hydride | 7580-67-8 | 0.025 mg/m3 | 0.075 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| L.P.G. (liquified petroleum gas) |
68476-85-7 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Magnesite | 546-93-0 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Magnesium oxide fume | 1309-48-4 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Malathion | 121-75-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Maleic anhydride | 108-31-6 | 0.25 ppm | 0.75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Manganese and compounds (as Mn) | 7439-96-5 | ---- | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | ---- |
| Manganese cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl (as Mn) |
12079-65-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Manganese tetroxide and fume (as Mn) |
7439-96-5 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Marble | 1317-65-3 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| MBOCA (4, 4'-Methylene bis (2-chloro-aniline)) (see WAC 296-62-073) |
101-14-4 | ---- | ---- | ---- | X |
| MDA (4, 4-Methylene dianiline) (see WAC 296-62-076) |
101-77-9 | 0.01 ppm | 0.1 ppm | ---- | X |
| MDI (Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate) (Diphenylmethane diisocyanate) |
101-68-8 | ---- | ---- | 0.02 ppm | ---- |
| MEK (Methyl ethyl ketone) (2-Butanone) |
78-93-3 | 200 ppm | 300 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| MEKP (Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) |
1338-23-4 | ---- | ---- | 0.2 ppm | ---- |
| Mercury (as Hg) | 7439-97-6 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Aryl and inorganic | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Organo-alkyl compounds | ---- | 0.01 mg/m3 | 0.03 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Vapor | ---- | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Mesityl oxide | 141-79-7 | 15 ppm | 25 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methacrylic acid | 79-41-4 | 20 ppm | 30 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methane | ---- | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Methanethiol (Methyl mercaptan) |
74-93-1 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methanol (Methyl alcohol) |
67-56-1 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methomyl (lannate) | 16752-77-5 | 2.5 mg/m3 | 5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Methoxychlor | 72-43-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Methoxyethanol (Methyl cellosolve) |
109-86-4 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| 2-Methoxyethyl acetate (Methyl cellosolve acetate) |
110-49-6 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| 4-Methoxyphenol | 150-76-5 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl acetate | 79-20-9 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl acetylene (propyne) | 74-99-7 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture (MAPP) |
---- | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl acrylate | 96-33-3 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methylacrylonitrile | 126-98-7 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methylal (Dimethoxy-methane) | 109-87-5 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl alcohol (methanol) | 67-56-1 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methylamine | 74-89-5 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl amyl alcohol (Methyl isobutyl carbinol) |
108-11-2 | 25 ppm | 40 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl n-amyl ketone (2-Heptanone) |
110-43-0 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| N-Methyl aniline (Monomethyl aniline) |
100-61-8 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl bromide | 74-83-9 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl-n-butyl ketone (2-Hexanone) |
591-78-6 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl cellosolve (2-Methoxyethanol) |
109-86-4 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl cellosolve acetate (2-Methoxyethyl acetate) |
110-49-6 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl chloride | 74-87-3 | 50 ppm | 100 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl chloroform (1, 1, 1-trichlorethane) |
71-55-6 | 350 ppm | 450 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl chloromethyl ether (chloromethyl methyl ether) (see WAC 296-62-073) |
107-30-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate | 137-05-3 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methylcyclohexane | 108-87-2 | 400 ppm | 500 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methylcyclohexanol | 25639-42-3 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methylcyclohexanone | 583-60-8 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (as Mn) |
12108-13-3 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Methyl demeton | 8022-00-2 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI) (Diphenylmethane diisocyanate) |
101-68-8 | ---- | ---- | 0.02 ppm | ---- |
| 4, 4'-Methylene bis (2-chloro-aniline) (MBOCA) (see WAC 296-62-073) |
101-14-4 | ---- | ---- | ---- | X |
| Methylene bis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate) |
5124-30-1 | ---- | ---- | 0.01 ppm | ---- |
| Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) (see WAC 296-62-07470) |
75-09-2 | 25 ppm | 125 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 4, 4-Methylene dianiline (MDA) (see WAC 296-62-076) |
101-77-9 | 0.01 ppm | 0.1 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (2-Butanone) |
78-93-3 | 200 ppm | 300 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) |
1338-23-4 | ---- | ---- | 0.2 ppm | ---- |
| Methyl formate | 107-31-3 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 5-Methyl-3-heptanone (Ethyl amyl ketone) |
541-85-5 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl hydrazine (Monomethyl hydrazine) |
60-34-4 | ---- | ---- | 0.2 ppm | X |
| Methyl iodide | 74-88-4 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl isoamyl ketone | 110-12-3 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl isobutyl carbinol (Methyl amyl alcohol) |
108-11-2 | 25 ppm | 40 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone) |
108-10-1 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl isocyanate | 624-83-9 | 0.02 ppm | 0.06 ppm | ---- | X |
| Methyl isopropyl ketone | 563-80-4 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl mercaptan (Methanethiol) | 74-93-1 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl methacrylate | 80-62-6 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl parathion | 298-00-0 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Methyl propyl ketone (2-Pentanone) |
107-87-9 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Methyl silicate | 684-84-5 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| alpha-Methyl styrene | 98-83-9 | 50 ppm | 100 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Mevinphos (Phosdrin) | 7786-34-7 | 0.01 ppm | 0.03 ppm | ---- | X |
| Metribuzin | 21087-64-9 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Mica (Silicates) Respirable fraction |
12001-26-2 | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Molybdenum (as Mo) | 7439-98-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Soluble compounds | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Insoluble compounds | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Monochlorobenzene (Chlorobenzene) |
108-90-7 | 75 ppm | 113 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Monocrotophos (Azodrin) | 6923-22-4 | 0.25 mg/m3 | 0.75 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Monomethyl aniline (N-Methyl aniline) |
100-61-8 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | X |
| Monomethyl hydrazine | ---- | ---- | ---- | 0.2 ppm | ---- |
| Morpholine | 110-91-8 | 20 ppm | 30 ppm | ---- | X |
| Naled (Dibrom) | 300-76-5 | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Naphtha | 8030-30-6 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | X |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 10 ppm | 15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| alpha-Naphthylamine (see WAC 296-62-073) |
134-32-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| beta-Naphthylamine (see WAC 296-62-073) |
91-59-8 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Neon | 7440-01-9 | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Nickel carbonyl (as Ni) | 13463-39-3 | 0.001 ppm | 0.003 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nickel (as Ni) | 7440-02-0 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Metal and insoluble compounds |
---- | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Soluble compounds | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Nicotine | 54-11-5 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Nitrapyrin (2-Chloro-6 trichloromethyl pyridine) |
1929-82-4 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Nitric acid | 7697-37-2 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nitric oxide | 10102-43-9 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| p-Nitroaniline | 100-01-6 | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Nitrobenzene | 98-95-3 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | X |
| 4-Nitrobiphenyl (see WAC 296-62-073) |
92-93-3 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| p-Nitrochlorobenzene | 100-00-5 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 4-Nitrodiphenyl (see WAC 296-62-073) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Nitroethane | 79-24-3 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nitrogen | 7727-37-9 | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Nitrogen dioxide | 10102-44-0 | ---- | 1 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nitrogen oxide (Nitrous oxide) |
10024-97-2 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nitrogen trifluoride | 7783-54-2 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nitroglycerin | 55-63-0 | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Nitromethane | 75-52-5 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1-Nitropropane | 108-03-2 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Nitropropane | 79-46-9 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| N-Nitrosodimethylamine (see WAC 296-62-073) |
62-75-9 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Nitrotoluene | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| o-isomer | 88-72-2 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| m-isomer | 98-08-2 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| p-isomer | 99-99-0 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Nitrotrichloromethane (Chloropicrin) |
76-06-2 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nitrous oxide (Nitrogen oxide) |
10024-97-2 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Nonane | 111-84-2 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Octachloronaphthalene | 2234-13-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Octane | 111-65-9 | 300 ppm | 375 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Oil mist mineral (particulate) | 8012-95-1 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Osmium tetroxide (as Os) | 20816-12-0 | 0.0002 ppm | 0.0006 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Oxalic acid | 144-62-7 | 1 mg/m3 | 2 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Oxygen difluoride | 7783-41-7 | ---- | ---- | 0.05 ppm | ---- |
| Ozone | 10028-15-6 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Paper fiber (Cellulose) |
9004-34-6 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Paraffin wax fume | 8002-74-2 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Paraquat | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 4685-14-7 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 1910-42-5 | |||||
| 2074-50-2 | |||||
| Parathion | 56-38-2 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene soluble fraction) (coal tar pitch volatiles) |
65996-93-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Particulates not otherwise regulated |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Pentaborane | 19624-22-7 | 0.005 ppm | 0.015 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Pentachloronaphthalene | 1321-64-8 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Pentachlorophenol | 87-86-5 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Pentaerythritol | 115-77-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Pentane | 109-66-0 | 600 ppm | 750 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2-Pentanone (methyl propyl ketone) |
107-87-9 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene) |
127-18-4 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Perchloromethyl mercaptan | 594-42-3 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Perchloryl fluoride | 7616-94-6 | 3 ppm | 6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Perlite | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Petroleum distillates (Naptha, rubber solvent) |
---- | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phenacyl chloride (a-Chloroacetophenone) |
532-21-4 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phenol | 108-95-2 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Phenothiazine | 92-84-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| p-Phenylene diamine | 106-50-3 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Phenyl ether (vapor) | 101-84-8 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phenyl ether-diphenyl mixture (vapor) |
---- | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phenylethylene (Styrene) | 100-42-5 | 50 ppm | 100 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) | 122-60-1 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phenylhydrazine | 100-63-0 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Phenyl mercaptan | 108-98-5 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phenylphosphine | 638-21-1 | ---- | ---- | 0.05 ppm | ---- |
| Phorate | 298-02-2 | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.2 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Phosdrin (Mevinphos) | 7786-34-7 | 0.01 ppm | 0.03 ppm | ---- | X |
| Phosgene (carbonyl chloride) | 75-44-5 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phosphine | 7803-51-2 | 0.3 ppm | 1 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phosphoric acid | 7664-38-2 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Phosphorus (yellow) | 7723-14-0 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Phosphorous oxychloride | 10025-87-3 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phosphorus pentachloride | 10026-13-8 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phosphorus pentasulfide | 1314-80-3 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Phosphorus trichloride | 12-2-19 | 0.2 ppm | 0.5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Phthalic anhydride | 85-44-9 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| m-Phthalodinitrile | 626-17-5 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Picloram | 1918-02-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Picric acid (2, 4, 6- Trinitrophenol) |
88-89-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Pindone (2-Pivalyl-1, 3-indandione, Pival) |
83-26-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Piperazine dihydrochloride | 142-64-3 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Pival (Pindone) | 83-26-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Plaster of Paris | 26499-65-0 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Platinum (as Pt) | 7440-06-4 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Metal | ---- | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Soluble salts | ---- | 0.002 mg/m3 | 0.006 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Polychlorobiphenyls (Chlorodiphenyls) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 42% Chlorine (PCB) | 53469-21-9 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 54% Chlorine (PCB) | 11097-69-1 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Portland cement | 65997-15-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Potassium hydroxide | 1310-58-3 | ---- | ---- | 2 mg/m3 | ---- |
| Propane | 74-98-6 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Propargyl alcohol | 107-19-7 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | X |
| beta-Propiolactone (see WAC 296-62-073) |
57-57-8 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Propionic acid | 79-09-4 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Propoxur (Baygon) | 114-26-1 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| n-Propyl acetate | 109-60-4 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| n-Propyl alcohol | 71-23-8 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | X |
| n-Propyl nitrate | 627-13-4 | 25 ppm | 40 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Propylene | ---- | Simple asphyxiant | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Propylene dichloride (1, 2-Dichloropropane) |
78-87-5 | 75 ppm | 110 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Propylene glycol dinitrate | 6423-43-4 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | X |
| Propylene glycol monomethyl ether |
107-98-2 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Propylene imine | 75-55-8 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Propylene oxide (1,2- Epoxypropane) |
75-56-9 | 20 ppm | 30 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Propyne (Methyl acetylene) | 74-99-7 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Pyrethrum | 8003-34-7 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Pyridine | 110-86-1 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Pyrocatachol (Catechol) |
120-80-9 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | X |
| Quinone (p-Benzoquinone) | 106-51-4 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| RDX (Cyclonite) | ---- | 1.5 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Resorcinol | 108-46-3 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Rhodium (as Rh) | 7440-16-6 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Insoluble compounds, metal fumes and dusts |
---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Soluble compounds, salts | ---- | 0.001 mg/m3 | 0.003 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Ronnel | 299-84-3 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Rosin core solder, pyrolysis products (as formaldehyde) |
8050-09-7 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Rotenone | 83-79-4 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Rouge | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Rubber solvent (naphtha) | 8030-30-6 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Selenium compounds (as Se) | 7782-49-2 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Selenium hexafluoride (as Se) | 7783-79-1 | 0.05 ppm | 0.15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Sesone (Crag herbicide) | 136-78-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Sevin (Carbaryl) |
63-25-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silane (see Silicon tetrahydride) | 7803-62-5 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel |
112926-00-8 | 6 mg/m3 | 12 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silica, amorphous, diatomaceous earth, containing less than 1% crystalline silica |
61790-53-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 6 mg/m3 | 12 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silica, crystalline cristobalite | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 14464-46-1 | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silica, crystalline quartz | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 14808-60-7 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silica, crystalline tripoli (as quartz) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 1317-95-9 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silica, crystalline tridymite | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 15468-32-3 | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silica, fused | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 60676-86-0 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silicates (less than 1% crystalline silica ) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Mica | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 12001-26-2 | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Soapstone | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 6 mg/m3 | 12 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Talc (containing asbestos) (see WAC 296-62-07705) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Talc (containing no asbestos) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 14807-96-6 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Tremolite (see WAC 296-62-07705) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Silicon | 7440-21-3 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silicon carbide | 409-21-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Silicon tetrahydride (Silane) | 7803-62-5 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Silver, metal dust and soluble compounds (as Ag) |
7440-22-4 | 0.01 mg/m3 | 0.03 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Soapstone | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 6 mg/m3 | 12 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Sodium azide (as HN3 or NaN3) | 26628-22-8 | ---- | ---- | 0.1 ppm | X |
| Sodium bisulfite | 7631-90-5 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Sodium-2, 4-dichloro- phenoxyethyl sulfate (Crag herbicide) |
136-78-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Sodium fluoroacetate | 62-74-8 | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Sodium hydroxide | 1310-73-2 | ---- | ---- | 2 mg/m3 | ---- |
| Sodium metabisulfite | 7681-57-4 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Starch | 9005-25-8 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Stibine | 7803-52-3 | 0.1 ppm | 0.3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Stoddard solvent | 8052-41-3 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Strychnine | 57-24-9 | 0.15 mg/m3 | 0.45 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Styrene (Phenylethylene, Vinyl benzene) |
100-42-5 | 50 ppm | 100 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Subtilisins | 9014-01-1 | ---- | 0.00006 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| (60 min.) | |||||
| Sucrose | 57-50-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Sulfotep (TEDP) | 3689-24-5 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Sulfur dioxide | 7446-09-5 | 2 ppm | 5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Sulfur hexafluoride | 2551-62-4 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Sulfuric acid | 7664-93-9 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Sulfur monochloride | 10025-67-9 | ---- | ---- | 1 ppm | ---- |
| Sulfur pentafluoride | 5714-22-1 | ---- | ---- | 0.01 ppm | ---- |
| Sulfur tetrafluoride | 7783-60-0 | ---- | ---- | 0.1 ppm | ---- |
| Sulfuryl fluoride | 2699-79-8 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Sulprofos | 35400-43-2 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Systox (Demeton) | 8065-48-3 | 0.01 ppm | 0.03 ppm | ---- | X |
| 2, 4, 5-T | 93-76-5 | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Talc (containing asbestos) (see WAC 296-62-07705) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Talc (containing no asbestos) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 14807-96-6 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Tantalum | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Metal and oxide dusts | 7440-25-7 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| TDI (Toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate) |
584-84-9 | 0.005 ppm | 0.02 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| TEDP (Sulfotep) | 3689-24-5 | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Tellurium and compounds (as Te) | 13494-80-9 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Tellurium hexafluoride (as Te) | 7783-80-4 | 0.02 ppm | 0.06 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Temephos (Abate) | 3383-96-8 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| TEPP | 107-49-3 | 0.004 ppm | 0.012 ppm | ---- | X |
| Terphenyls | 26140-60-3 | ---- | ---- | 0.5 ppm | ---- |
| 1, 1, 1, 2-Tetrachloro-2, 2-difluoroethane |
76-11-0 | 500 ppm | 625 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 1, 2, 2-Tetrachloro-1, 2-difluoroethane |
76-12-0 | 500 ppm | 625 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane | 79-34-5 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | X |
| Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) |
127-18-4 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride) |
56-23-5 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Tetrachloronaphthalene | 1335-88-2 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Tetraethyl lead (as Pb) | 78-00-2 | 0.075 mg/m3 | 0.225 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Tetrahydrofuran | 109-99-9 | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Tetramethyl lead (as Pb) | 75-74-1 | 0.075 mg/m3 | 0.225 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Tetramethyl succinonitrile | 3333-52-6 | 0.5 ppm | 1.5 ppm | ---- | X |
| Tetranitromethane | 509-14-8 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Tetrasodium pyrophosphate | 7722-88-5 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Tetryl (2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl- methylnitramine) |
479-45-8 | 1.5 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Thallium (soluble compounds) (as Tl) |
7440-28-0 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 4, 4-Thiobis (6-tert-butyl-m-cresol) |
96-69-5 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Thiodan (Endosulfan) |
115-29-7 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Thioglycolic acid | 68-11-1 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ----- | X |
| Thionyl chloride | 7719-09-7 | ---- | ---- | 1 ppm | ---- |
| Thiram (see WAC 296-62-07519) |
137-26-8 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Tin (as Sn) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Inorganic compounds | 7440-31-5 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Tin (as Sn) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Organic compounds | 7440-31-5 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Tin oxide (as Sn) | 21651-19-4 | 2 mg/m3 | 4 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Titanium dioxide | 13463-67-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| TNT (2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene) |
118-96-7 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) | 584-84-9 | 0.005 ppm | 0.02 ppm | ----- | ---- |
| m-Toluidine | 108-44-1 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| o-Toluidine | 95-53-4 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| p-Toluidine | 106-49-0 | 2.0 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Toxaphene (Chlorinated camphene) |
8001-35-2 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Tremolite (see WAC 296-62-07705) |
---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Tributyl phosphate | 126-73-8 | 0.2 ppm | 0.6 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trichloroacetic acid | 76-03-9 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene | 120-82-1 | ---- | ---- | 5 ppm | ---- |
| 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane (Methyl chloroform) |
71-55-6 | 350 ppm | 450 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane | 79-00-5 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trichloroethylene | 79-01-6 | 50 ppm | 200 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trichlorofluoromethane (Fluorotrichloromethane) |
75-69-4 | ---- | ---- | 1,000 ppm | ---- |
| Trichloromethane (Chloroform) |
67-66-3 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trichloronaphthalene | 1321-65-9 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 1, 2, 3-Trichloropropane | 96-18-4 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| 1, 1, 2-Trichloro-1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane |
76-13-1 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (Cyhexatin) |
13121-70-5 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Triethylamine | 121-44-8 | 10 ppm | 15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trifluorobromomethane | 75-63-8 | 1,000 ppm | 1,250 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trimellitic anhydride | 552-30-7 | 0.005 ppm | 0.015 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trimethylamine | 75-50-3 | 10 ppm | 15 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trimethyl benzene | 25551-13-7 | 25 ppm | 38 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Trimethyl phosphite | 121-45-9 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol (Picric acid) |
88-89-1 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenyl- methylnitramine (Tetryl) |
479-45-8 | 1.5 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ----- | X |
| 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) | 118-96-7 | 0.5 mg/m3 | 1.5 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Triorthocresyl phosphate | 78-30-8 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | X |
| Triphenyl amine | 603-34-9 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Triphenyl phosphate | 115-86-6 | 3 mg/m3 | 6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Tungsten (as W) | 7440-33-7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Soluble compounds | ---- | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Insoluble compounds | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Turpentine | 8006-64-2 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Uranium (as U) | 7440-61-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Soluble compounds | ---- | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Insoluble compounds | ---- | 0.2 mg/m3 | 0.6 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| n-Valeraldehyde | 110-62-3 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Vanadium (as V2O5) | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | 1314-62-1 | 0.05 mg/m3 | 0.15 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Vegetable oil mist | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Vinyl acetate | 108-05-1 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Vinyl benzene (Styrene) | 100-42-5 | 50 ppm | 100 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Vinyl bromide | 593-60-2 | 5 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Vinyl chloride (Chloroethylene) (see WAC 296-62-07329) |
75-01-4 | 1 ppm | 5 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Vinyl cyanide (Acrylonitrile) (see WAC 296-62-07336) |
107-13-1 | 2 ppm | 10 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide | 106-87-6 | 10 ppm | 20 ppm | ---- | X |
| Vinyl toluene | 25013-15-4 | 50 ppm | 75 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Vinylidene chloride (1, 1-Dichloroethylene) |
75-35-4 | 1 ppm | 3 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| VM & P Naphtha | 8032-32-4 | 300 ppm | 400 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| Warfarin | 81-81-2 | 0.1 mg/m3 | 0.3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Welding fumes (total particulate) |
---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Wood dust | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Nonallergenic; (All woods except allergenics) |
---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Allergenics (e.g. cedar, mahogany and teak) |
---- | 2.5 mg/m3 | 5 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Xylenes (ortho, meta, and para isomers) (Dimethylbenzene) |
1330-20-7 | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | ---- | ---- |
| m-Xylene alpha, alpha-diamine | 1477-55-0 | ---- | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | X |
| Xylidine (Dimethylaminobenzene) |
1300-73-8 | 2 ppm | 4 ppm | ---- | X |
| Yttrium | 7440-65-5 | 1 mg/m3 | 3 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Zinc chloride fume | 7646-85-7 | 1 mg/m3 | 2 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Zinc chromate (as CrO3) | Varies with compound | 0.05 mg/m3 | ---- | 0.1 mg/m3 | ---- |
| Zinc oxide | 1314-13-2 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m | ---- | ---- |
| Zinc oxide fume | 1314-13-2 | 5 mg/g3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Zinc stearate | 557-05-1 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Total particulate | ---- | 10 mg/m3 | 20 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Respirable fraction | ---- | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
| Zirconium compounds (as Zr) | 7440-67-2 | 5 mg/m3 | 10 mg/m3 | ---- | ---- |
[]
Ceiling - An exposure limit, measured over the shortest time period feasible, that must not be exceeded during any part of the employee's workday.
Dust - Solid particles suspended in air. Dusts are generated by handling, drilling, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, detonation, or decrepitation of organic or inorganic materials such as rock, ore, metal, coal, wood, grain, etc.
Exposed or exposure - The contact an employee has with a toxic substance, harmful physical agent or oxygen deficient condition. Exposure can occur through various routes of entry, such as inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or skin absorption.
Fume - Solid particles suspended in air, generated by condensation from the gaseous state, generally after volatilization from molten metals, etc.
Gas - A normally formless fluid which can be changed to the liquid or solid state by the effect of increased pressure or decreased temperature or both.
Mist - Liquid droplets suspended in air, generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state, such as by splashing, foaming, spraying or atomizing.
Oxygen deficient - An atmosphere with an oxygen content below 19.5% by volume.
Permissible exposure limits (PEL) - Permissible exposure limits (PELs) are employee exposures to toxic substances or harmful agents that must not be exceeded. PELs are specified in applicable WISHA rules.
Short-term exposure limit (STEL) - An exposure limit averaged over a short time period (usually measured for 15 minutes) that must not be exceeded during any part of an employee's workday.
Time weighted average (TWA8) - An exposure limit averaged over 8 hours that must not be exceeded during an employee's workday.
Toxic substance - Any chemical substance or biological agent, such as bacteria, virus, and fungus, which is any of the following:
Listed in the latest edition of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
Shows positive evidence of an acute or chronic health hazard in testing conducted by, or known to, the employer.
The subject of a material safety data sheet kept by or known to the employer showing the material may pose a hazard to human health.
Vapor - The gaseous form of a substance that is normally in the solid or liquid state.
[]
OTS-7360.1
Part Y-7
Hearing Loss Prevention (Noise)
NEW SECTION
WAC 296-307-630
Scope.
The purpose of this part is to:
Prevent employee hearing loss by minimizing employee noise exposures
AND
Make sure employees exposed to noise are protected.
These goals are accomplished by:
Measuring and computing the employee noise exposure from all equipment and machinery in the workplace, as well as any other noise sources in the work area
Protecting employees from noise exposure by using feasible noise controls
Making sure employees use hearing protection, if you cannot feasibly control the noise
Training employees about hearing loss prevention
Evaluating your hearing loss prevention efforts by tracking employee hearing or periodically reviewing controls and protection
Making appropriate corrections to your program.
| Reference: | Table 1 will help you determine the hearing loss prevention requirements for your workplace. For the specific requirements associated with Noise Evaluation Criteria, see WAC 296-307-63410 of this part. |
Table 1
Noise Evaluation Criteria
| Criteria | Description | Requirements |
| 85 dBA TWA8 | Full-day employee noise exposure dose. If you have one or more employees whose exposure equals or exceeds this level, you must have a hearing loss prevention program | Hearing
protection Training Audiometric testing |
| 90 dBA TWA8 | Full-day employee noise exposure dose. If you have one or more employees whose exposure equals or exceeds this level, you must reduce employee noise exposures in the workplace | Noise controls AND Hearing protection Training Audiometric testing |
| 115 dBA measured using slow response | Extreme noise level (greater than one second in duration) | Hearing
protection Signs posted in work areas warning of exposure |
| 140 dBC measured using fast response | Extreme impulse or impact noise (less than one second in duration) | Hearing protection |
[]
HEARING LOSS PREVENTION PROGRAMYour responsibility:
To prevent employee hearing loss by minimizing, and providing protection from, noise exposures.
You must:
Conduct employee noise exposure monitoring
Control employee noise exposures that equal or exceed 90 dBA TWA8
Make sure employees use hearing protection when their noise exposure equals or exceed 85 dBA TWA8
Make sure exposed employees receive training about noise and hearing protection
Make sure warning signs are posted for areas with noise levels that equal or exceed 115 dBA
Arrange for oversight of audiometric testing
Identify and correct deficiencies in your hearing loss prevention program
Document your hearing loss prevention activities
[]
You must:
Conduct employee noise exposure monitoring to determine the employee's actual exposure when reasonable information indicates that any employee's exposure may equal or exceed 85 dBA TWA8.
| Note: | Representative monitoring may be used where several employees perform the same tasks in substantially similar conditions |
| Examples of information or situations that can indicate exposures which equal or exceed 85 dBA TWA8, include: | |
| Noise in the workplace that interferes with people speaking, even at close range | |
| Information from the manufacturer of equipment you use in the workplace that indicates high noise levels for machines in use | |
| Reports from employees of ringing in their ears or temporary hearing loss | |
| Warning signals or alarms that are difficult to hear | |
| Work near abrasive blasting or jack hammering operations | |
| Use of tools and equipment such as the following: | |
| ▪ Heavy equipment or machinery | |
| ▪ Fuel-powered hand tools | |
| ▪ Compressed air-driven tools or equipment in frequent use | |
| ▪ Power saws, grinders or chippers | |
| ▪ Powder-actuated tools. |
Follow applicable guidance in WAC 296-307-634 when conducting noise exposure monitoring
Make sure your sampling for noise exposure monitoring identifies:
All employees whose exposure equals or exceeds the following:
▪ 85 dBA TWA8 (noise dosimetry, providing an average exposure over an eight-hour time period)
▪ 115 dBA (slow response sound level meter, identifying short-term noise exposures)
▪ 140 dBC (fast response sound level meter, identifying almost instantaneous noise exposures).
Exposure levels for selection of hearing protection.
Provide exposed employees and their representatives with an opportunity to observe any measurements of employee noise exposure that are conducted
Notify each employee whose exposure equals or exceeds 85 dBA TWA8 of the monitoring results within five working days of when you receive the results
Conduct additional noise monitoring whenever a change in production, process, equipment or controls, may reasonably be expected to result in:
Additional employees whose exposure equals or exceeds 85 dBA TWA8
Employees exposed to higher level of noise requiring more effective hearing protection.
| Note: | Conditions that may be expected to increase exposure include: |
| Adding machinery to the work area | |
| Increasing production rates | |
| Removal or deterioration of noise control devices | |
| Increased use of noisy equipment | |
| Change in work schedule | |
| Change of job duties. |
[]
IMPORTANT:
Hearing protection provides a barrier to noise and protects employees but is not considered a control of the noise hazard. Separate requirements apply to hearing protection and are found in WAC 296-307-63215.
You must:
Reduce employee noise exposure, using feasible controls, wherever exposure equals or exceeds 90 dBA TWA8.
| Note: | Once noise exposures are brought below 90 dBA TWA8, no further reduction is required. However, further reduction of noise may reduce the need for other hearing loss prevention requirements |
| Controls that eliminate noise at the source or establish a permanent barrier to noise are typically more reliable. For example: | |
| Replacing noisy equipment with quiet equipment | |
| Using silencers and mufflers | |
| Installing enclosures | |
| Damping noisy equipment and parts. | |
| Other controls and work practices may also be useful for reducing noise exposures. Examples include: | |
| Employee rotation | |
| Limiting use of noisy equipment | |
| Rescheduling work. |
[]
You must:
Make sure employees wear hearing protectors that will provide sufficient protection when exposure equals or exceeds:
85 dBA TWA8 (noise dosimetry, providing an average exposure over an eight-hour time period)
115 dBA (slow response sound level meter, identifying short-term noise exposures)
140 dBC (fast response sound level meter, identifying almost instantaneous noise exposures).
Provide employees with an appropriate selection of hearing protectors:
The selection must include at least two distinct types (such as molded earplugs, foam earplugs, custom-molded earplugs, earcaps, or earmuffs) for each exposed employee and must be sufficient to cover:
▪ Different levels of hearing protection needed in order to reduce all employee exposures to a level below 85 dBA TWA8 ▪ Different sizes
▪ Different working conditions.
Consider requests of the employees regarding:
▪ Physical comfort
▪ Environmental conditions
▪ Medical needs
▪ Communication requirements.
| Note: | Hearing protector selection should include earplugs, earcaps and earmuffs. |
Provide hearing protection at no cost to employees
Supervise employees to make sure that hearing protection is used correctly
Make sure hearing protectors are:
Properly chosen for fit
Replaced as necessary.
Make sure all hearing protection is sufficient to reduce the employee's equivalent eight-hour noise exposure to 85 dBA or less. When using the A-weighted exposure measurements, reported as "dBA TWA8," the reduction in noise exposure by hearing protectors is given by Table 2:
Table 2
Effective Protection of Hearing Protectors
| Type of hearing protection | Effective protection |
| Single hearing protection (earplugs, earcaps or earmuffs) | 7 dB less than the manufacturer assigned noise reduction rating (NRR); for example, earplugs with an NRR of 20 dB are considered to reduce employee exposures of 95 dBA TWA8 to 82 dBA TWA8 |
| Dual hearing protection (earplug and earmuff worn together) | 2 dB less than the higher NRR of the two protectors; for example, earplugs with an NRR of 20 dB and earmuffs with an NRR of 12 dB are considered to reduce employee exposures of 100 dBA TWA8 to 82 dBA TWA8 |
| Note: | You may also evaluate hearing protection by using the other methods given in the NIOSH Compendium of Hearing Protection (DHHS (NIOSH)) Publication No. 95-105 or online at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/hpcomp.html. These methods require additional monitoring and are more complex, but provide a more thorough evaluation of protection. This may be useful in cases where communication is critical or for evaluating hearing protection for employees with hearing impairment. |
[]
You must:
Train all employees whose noise exposure equals or exceeds 85 dBA TWA8 Provide training when an employee is first assigned to a position involving noise exposure that equals or exceeds 85 dBA TWA8 and at least annually after that
Update information provided in the training program to be consistent with changes in controls, hearing protectors and work processes
Make sure your noise and hearing protection training includes:
The effects of noise on hearing (including both occupational and nonoccupational exposures)
Noise controls used in your workplace
The purpose of hearing protectors: The advantages, disadvantages, and attenuation of various types
Instructions about selecting, fitting, using, and caring for hearing protection
The purpose and procedures for program evaluation including audiometric testing and hearing protection auditing when you choose to rely upon auditing (see WAC 296-307-638)
The employees' right to access records kept by the employer.
Maintain a written program describing initial and refresher training.
[]
You must:
Make sure warning signs are posted at the entrances or boundaries of all well-defined work areas where employees may be exposed to noise that equals or exceeds 115 dBA (measured using a sound level meter with slow response).
Warning signs must clearly indicate that the area is a high noise area and that hearing protectors are required.
[]
You must:
Make sure audiometric testing as described by WAC 296-307-636 is supervised and reviewed by one of the following licensed or certified individuals:
An audiologist
An otolaryngologist
Another qualified physician.
Make sure audiograms are conducted by one of the above individuals or by a technician certified by the Council of Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) and responsible to a qualified reviewer.
[]
You must:
Use audiometric testing to identify hearing loss, which may indicate program deficiencies
Take appropriate actions when deficiencies are found with your program.
A deficiency may be indicated when:
▪ Any employee experiences measurable hearing loss indicated by a standard threshold shift
OR
▪ Any employee isn't wearing appropriate hearing protection during an audit when auditing is used in place of baseline audiograms for short term employees (see WAC 296-307-638, Option to audiometric testing).
| Note: | A standard threshold shift or audit deficiency does not necessarily indicate that a significant hearing loss has occurred. These criteria are intended to help identify where there may be flaws in your hearing loss prevention program that can be fixed before permanent hearing loss occurs. |
| There are additional statistical tools and tests that may be used to improve the effectiveness of your program. Staff conducting audiometric testing and auditing may be able to suggest additional ways to improve your hearing loss prevention program and tailor it to your worksite. |
Evaluate the following, at a minimum, when responding to a standard threshold shift:
Employee noise exposure measurements
Noise controls in the work area
The selection of hearing protection available and refit employees as necessary
Employee training on noise and the use of hearing protection and conduct additional training as necessary.
| Reference: | You may use the option of auditing hearing protection (see WAC 296-307-638) for employees hired or transferred to jobs with noise exposure for less than one year. You may also use audiograms provided by a third-party hearing loss prevention program in some circumstances. Details of these program options are found in WAC 296-307-638, Options to audiometric testing. |
[]
You must:
Create and retain records documenting noise exposures. Include, at a minimum:
Exposure measurements required by this part for at least two years and for as long as you rely upon them to determine employee exposure
Audiometric test records for the duration of employment for the affected employees
Hearing protection audits, if you choose to rely upon them, for the duration of employment of the affected employees.
| Note: | You need to keep as complete a record as possible. Records developed under previous rules or in other jurisdictions need to be kept, even when they do not fulfill the full requirements of this part. Similarly, records found to have errors in collection or processing need to be kept if they provide an indication of employee exposure or medical condition not found in other records |
| You may want to consider your other business needs, such as worker's compensation claims management, before discarding these records. |
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NOISE MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTATIONYour responsibility:
Conduct noise monitoring or measurement to evaluate employee exposures in your workplace.
You must:
Make sure that noise-measuring equipment meets recognized standards
Measure employee noise exposure
Use these equations when estimating full-day noise exposure from sound level measurements
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You must:
Make sure that noise dosimetry equipment meets these specifications:
Dosimeters must be equipment class 2AS-90/80-5 of the American National Rule Specification for Personal Noise Dosimeters, ANSI S1.25-1991, such dosimeters are normally marked "Type 2."
| Note: | Make sure any dosimeter you use is Type 2 equipment that: |
| Uses slow integration and A-weighting of sound levels. | |
| Has the criterion level set to 90 dB, so the dosimeter will report a constant 8-hour exposure at 90 dBA as a 100% dose. | |
| Has the threshold level set at 80 dB, so the dosimeter will register all noise above 80 dB. | |
| Uses a 5 dB exchange rate for averaging of noise levels over the sample period. |
Make sure that sound level meters meet these specifications:
American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters, S1.4-1984, Type 2 requirements for sound level meters, such sound level meters are normally marked "Type 2."
▪ For continuous noise measurements, the meter must be capable of measuring A-weighted sound levels with slow response
▪ For impulse or impact noise measurements, the meter must be capable of indicating maximum C-weighted sound level measurements with fast response.
Calibrate dosimeters and sound level meters used to monitor employee noise exposure:
Before and after each day's use
AND
Following the instrument manufacturer's calibration instructions.
| Note: | You may conduct dosimetry using an exchange rate less than 5 dB and compare the results directly to the noise evaluation criteria in Table 1 |
| For measuring impulse and impact noise you may also use a sound level meter set to measure maximum impulse C-weighted sound levels or peak C-weighted sound levels. |
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IMPORTANT:
A noise dosimeter is the basis for determining total daily noise exposure for employees. However, where you have constant noise levels, you may estimate employee noise exposure using measurements from a sound level meter. Calculation of the employee noise exposure must be consistent with WAC 296-307-63415.
You must:
Include all:
Workplace noise from equipment and machinery in use
Other noise from sources necessary to perform the work
Noise outside the control of the exposed employees.
Use a noise dosimeter when necessary to measure employee noise dose
Use a sound level meter to evaluate continuous and impulse noise levels
Identify all employees whose exposures equal or exceed the Noise Evaluation Criteria as follows:
Noise Evaluation Criteria
| Criteria | Description | Requirements |
| 85 dBA TWA8 | Full-day employee noise exposure dose. If you have one or more employees whose exposure equals or exceeds this level, you must have a hearing loss prevention program | Hearing
protection Training Audiometric testing |
| 90 dBA TWA8 | Full-day employee noise exposure dose. If you have one or more employees whose exposure equals or exceeds this level, you must reduce employee noise exposures in the workplace | Noise controls (in addition to the requirements for 85 dBA TWA8) |
| 115 dBA measured using slow response | Extreme noise level (greater than one second in duration) | Hearing
protection Signs posted in work areas warning of exposure |
| 140 dBC measured using fast response | Extreme impulse or impact noise (less than one second in duration) | Hearing protection |
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You must:
Compute employee's full-day noise exposure by using the appropriate equations from Table 3 "Noise Dose Computation" when using a sound level meter to estimate noise dose.
Table 3
Noise Dose Computation
| Description | Equation |
| Compute the noise dose based on several time periods of constant noise during the shift | The total noise dose over the
work day, as a percentage, is
given by the following equation
where Cn indicates the total time
of exposure at a specific noise
level, and Tn indicates the
reference duration for that level. D = 100*((C1/T1) + (C2/T2) + (C3/T3) + ... + (Cn/Tn)) |
| The reference duration is equal to the time of exposure to continuous noise at a specific sound level that will result in a one hundred percent dose | The reference duration, T, for
sound level, L, is given in hours
by the equation: T = 8/(2^((L - 90)/5)) |
| Given a noise dose as a percentage, compute the equivalent eight-hour time weighted average noise level | The equivalent eight-hour time
weighted average, TWA8, is
computed from the dose, D, by
the equation: TWA8 = 16.61* Log10(D/100) + 90 |
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AUDIOMETRIC TESTINGYour responsibility:
To conduct audiometric testing of employees exposed to noise to make sure that their hearing protection is effective.
You must:
Provide audiometric testing at no cost to employees
Establish a baseline audiogram for each exposed employee
Conduct annual audiograms
Review audiograms that indicate a standard threshold shift
Keep the baseline audiogram without revision, unless annual audiograms indicate a persistent threshold shift or a significant improvement in hearing
Make sure a record is kept of audiometric tests
Make sure audiometric testing equipment meets these requirements
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You must:
Provide audiograms, including any required travel or necessary additional examinations or testing, at no cost to exposed employees.
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You must:
Conduct a baseline audiogram when an employee is first assigned to work involving noise exposures that equal or exceed 85 dBA TWA8.
Make sure this audiogram is completed no more than one hundred eighty days after the employee is first assigned
OR
Make sure employee is covered by a hearing protection audit program (as described by WAC 296-307-638 and available as an alternative only for employees hired for less than one year).
| Note: | Employers who utilize mobile test units are allowed up to one year to obtain a valid baseline audiogram for each exposed employee. The employees must still be given training and hearing protection as required by this part. |
Make sure employees are not exposed to workplace noise at least fourteen hours before testing to establish a baseline audiogram.
Hearing protectors may be used to accomplish this.
Notify employees of the need to avoid high levels of nonoccupational noise exposure (such as loud music, headphones, guns, power tools, motorcycles, etc.) during the fourteen-hour period immediately preceding the baseline audiometric examination.
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You must:
Conduct annual audiograms for employees as long as they continue to be exposed to noise that equals or exceeds 85 dBA TWA8.
| Note: | Annual audiometric testing may be conducted at any time during the work shift. By conducting the annual audiogram during the work shift with the employee exposed to typical noise for their job, the test may record a temporary threshold shift. This makes the test more sensitive to potential hearing loss and may help you improve employee protection before a permanent threshold shift occurs. A suspected temporary shift is one reason an employer may choose to retest employee hearing. |
Make sure each employee is informed of the results of his or her audiometric test.
Include whether or not there has been a hearing level decrease or improvement since their previous test.
Make sure each employee's annual audiogram is compared to his or her baseline audiogram by an audiologist, otolaryngologist, another qualified physician, or the technician conducting the test to determine if a standard threshold shift has occurred.
If the annual audiogram indicates that an employee has suffered a standard threshold shift, you may obtain a retest within thirty days and consider the results of the retest as the annual audiogram.
Make sure that an audiologist, otolaryngologist, or other qualified physician sees any annual audiogram that indicates a standard threshold shift.
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You must:
Make sure the healthcare professional supervising audiograms has:
A copy of this part
The baseline audiogram and most recent audiogram of the employee to be evaluated
Background noise level records for the testing room
Calibration records for the audiometer.
Obtain an opinion from the healthcare professional supervising audiograms as to whether the audiograms indicate possible occupational hearing loss and any recommendations for changes in hearing protection.
Pay for any clinical audiological evaluation or otological examination required by the reviewer, if:
Additional review is necessary to evaluate the cause of hearing loss
OR
If there is indication of a medical condition of the ear caused or aggravated by the wearing of hearing protectors.
Inform the employee in writing of the existence of a standard threshold shift within twenty-one calendar days of the determination.
Make arrangements for the reviewer to communicate to the employee any suspected medical conditions that are found unrelated to your workplace. This information is confidential and must be handled appropriately.
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You must:
Keep the baseline audiogram without revision, unless a qualified reviewer determines:
The standard threshold shift revealed by the audiogram is persistent
OR
The hearing threshold shown in the annual audiogram indicates significant improvement over the baseline audiogram.
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You must:
Retain a legible copy of all employee audiograms conducted under this part.
Make sure the record includes:
▪ Name and job classification of the employee
▪ Date of the audiogram
▪ The examiner's name
▪ Date of the last acoustic or exhaustive calibration of the audiometer
▪ Employee's most recent noise exposure assessment
▪ The background sound pressure levels in audiometric test rooms.
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You must:
Use pure tone, air conduction, hearing threshold examinations, with test frequencies including as a minimum 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz
Tests at each frequency must be taken separately for each ear
Supra-aural headphones must be used.
Conduct audiometric tests with audiometers (including microprocessor audiometers) that meet the specifications of, and are maintained and used according to, American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6-1996
Check the functional operation of the audiometer each day before use by doing all of the following:
Make sure the audiometer's output is free from distorted or unwanted sound
Test either a person with known, stable hearing thresholds or a bio-acoustic simulator
Perform acoustic calibration for deviations of 10 dB or greater.
Audiometer calibration must be checked acoustically at least annually to verify continued conformance with ANSI S3.6-1996. Test frequencies below 500 Hz and above 6000 Hz may be omitted from this check
An exhaustive calibration must be performed at least every two years according to the American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6-1996. Test frequencies below 500 Hz and above 6000 Hz may be omitted from the calibration
Provide audiometric test rooms that meet the requirements of ANSI S3.1-1999 American National Standard Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms using the following table of Maximum Ambient Sound Pressure Levels:
| Frequency (Hz) | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | 4000 | 8000 |
| Sound Pressure Level (dB) | 40 | 40 | 47 | 57 | 62 |
| Note: | The American Industrial Hygiene Association and National Hearing Conservation Association recommend conducting audiograms using the requirements of ANSI S3.1-1999 American National Standard Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms with adjustments at only 500 Hz and below. |
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OPTIONS TO AUDIOMETRIC TESTINGYour responsibility:
This section provides options to baseline audiometric testing for employees assigned to duties with noise exposures for less than one year. These program options may also be used to provide added assessment of longer-term employees in addition to audiometric testing.
The requirements of this section apply only if you decide to use auditing or a third-party hearing loss prevention program and do not conduct baseline audiometric testing for those employees.
Hearing Protection Audits
You must:
Conduct hearing protection audits at least quarterly
Make sure staff conducting audits are properly trained
Assess the hearing protection used by each employee during audits
Document your hearing protection audits
Third-Party Audiometric Testing
You must:
Make sure third-party hearing loss prevention programs meet the following requirements
IMPORTANT:
Hearing protection audits are a tool for use in evaluating your hearing loss prevention program in cases where audiometric testing does not provide a useful measure. For example, if most of your employees are hired on a temporary basis for a few months at a time, audiometric testing may not identify the small changes in hearing acuity that could occur. Auditing provides an alternative to audiometric testing in these cases.
Auditing is not required unless you use it in place of baseline audiometric testing for employees hired for a period of less than one year and is permitted as a substitute for audiometric testing only for these employees.
Third-party hearing loss prevention programs are full hearing loss prevention programs and are distinct from audiometric testing provided by third parties as part of your own hearing loss prevention program. These programs may be organized by labor groups, trade associations, labor-management cooperatives, or other organizations to:
Cover a specific group of employees
OR
Combine efforts for several employers with common employees.
Although you remain responsible for the program, third-party programs can have at least two benefits over running your own program:
The audiometric testing is portable between the participating employers so new testing will not be needed when an employee changes employers
Employees who only work for short periods for any one employer can be monitored under the group program over a longer period of time increasing the effectiveness of the audiometric testing in preventing hearing loss for these employees.
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You must:
Conduct audits at least quarterly to provide a representative assessment of your workplace
The assessment is representative if it:
▪ Covers all processes and work activities in your business at full production levels
AND
▪ Covers all employees present on the audit day.
If your business is mobile or involves variable processes, auditing may need to be repeated more often than quarterly
Auditing does not need to be repeated more than monthly as long as a reasonable effort is made to cover:
▪ The activities with greatest exposure
AND
▪ As many employees as possible.
Assess exposures and hearing protection for the full shift for each employee covered at the time of the audit.
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You must:
Make sure staff conducting hearing protection audits:
Can demonstrate competence in:
▪ Evaluating hearing protection attenuation
▪ Evaluating hearing protector choices
▪ Assessing the correct use of hearing protectors.
Are certified by the Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) or have training in the following areas:
▪ Noise and hearing loss prevention
▪ Washington state noise regulations
▪ Hearing protectors
▪ Fitting of hearing protectors
▪ Basic noise measurement
▪ Hearing loss prevention recordkeeping.
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You must:
Confirm that:
Current site conditions during audits are consistent with conditions existing during noise monitoring
The hearing protection used by the employee is sufficient and appropriate for the conditions
The hearing protection is worn properly
The employees are satisfied with the performance and comfort of the hearing protection.
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You must:
Keep a record of audit results for each employee assessed for the length of their employment and for the length of time you will rely upon the audit results
Include the following information in the record:
The make and model of the hearing protectors
The size of the protectors
Average noise exposure of the employee
Any problems found with use of the hearing protection
Any comments or complaints from the employee regarding the hearing protection.
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THIRD-PARTY AUDIOMETRIC TESTSIMPORTANT:
Third-party hearing loss prevention programs are intended:
For short-term employees hired or assigned to duties having noise exposures for less than one year
AND
For seasonal employees.
However, other employees may be included as long as you meet all requirements for hearing loss follow-ups and recordkeeping.
You must:
Make sure that the third-party program is:
Equivalent to an employer program as required by this part
AND
Uses audiometric testing to evaluate hearing loss.
Make sure a licensed or certified audiologist, otolaryngologist, or other qualified physician administers the third-party program
Make sure the third-party program has written procedures for:
Communicating with participating employers of program requirements
Follow-up procedures for detected hearing loss
Annual review of participating employer programs.
Make sure the following program elements are corrected by you or the third-party program when deficiencies are found:
Noise exposures
Hearing protection
Employee training
Noise controls.
Obtain a review of your hearing loss prevention program at least once per year, conducted by the third-party program administrator or their representative, in order to:
Identify any tasks needing a revised selection of hearing protection
AND
Provide an overall assessment of the employers' hearing loss prevention activities.
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A-weighted - An adjustment to sound level measurements that reflects the sensitivity of the human ear. Used for evaluating continuous or average noise levels.
Audiogram - A chart, graph, or table resulting from an audiometric test showing an individual's hearing threshold levels as a function of frequency.
Audiologist - A professional, specializing in the study and rehabilitation of hearing, who is certified by the American Speech, Hearing, and Language Association, or the American Academy of Audiology, and is licensed by the state board of examiners.
Baseline audiogram - The audiogram against which future audiograms are compared. The baseline audiogram is collected when an employee is first assigned to work with noise exposure. The baseline audiogram may be revised if persistent standard threshold shift (STS) of improvement is found.
Continuous noise - Noise with peaks spaced no more than one second apart. Continuous noise is measured using sound level meters and noise dosimeters with the slow response setting.
Criterion sound level - A sound level of ninety decibels. An eight-hour exposure to constant 90 dBA noise is a one hundred percent noise dose exposure.
C-weighted - An adjustment to sound level measurements that evenly represents frequencies within the range of human hearing. Used for evaluating impact or impulse noise.
Decibel (dB) - Unit of measurement of sound level. A-weighting, adjusting for the sensitivity of the human ear, is indicated as "dBA." C-weighting, an even reading across the frequencies of human hearing, is indicated as "dBC."
Fast response - A setting for a sound level meter that will allow the meter to respond to noise events of less than one second. Used for evaluating impulse and impact noise levels.
Hertz (Hz) - Unit of measurement of frequency, numerically equal to cycles per second.
Impulsive or impact noise - Noise levels which involve maxima at intervals greater than one second. Impulse and impact noise are measured using the fast response setting on a sound level meter.
Noise dose - The total noise exposure received by an employee during their shift. It can be expressed as a percentage indicating the ratio of exposure received to the noise exposure received in an eight-hour exposure to constant noise at 90 dBA. It may also be expressed as the sound level that would produce the equivalent exposure during an eight-hour period (TWA8).
Noise dosimeter - An instrument that integrates a function of sound pressure over a period of time in such a manner that it directly indicates a noise dose.
Occupational hearing loss - A reduction in the ability of an individual to hear either caused or contributed to by exposure in the work environment.
Otolaryngologist - A physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose and throat.
Permanent threshold shift - A hearing level change that has become persistent and is not expected to improve.
Qualified reviewer - An audiologist, otolaryngologist, or other qualified physician who has experience and training in evaluating occupational audiograms.
Slow response - A setting for sound level meters and dosimeters in which the meter does not register events of less than about one second. Used for evaluating continuous and average noise levels.
Sound level - The intensity of noise as indicated by a sound level meter.
Sound level meter - An instrument that measures sound levels.
Standard threshold shift (STS) - A hearing level change, relative to the baseline audiogram, of an average of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear.
Temporary threshold shift - A hearing level change that improves. A temporary threshold shift may occur with exposure to noise and hearing will return to normal within a few days. Temporary threshold shifts can be indicators of exposures that lead to permanent hearing loss.
TWA8 - Equivalent eight-hour time-weighted average sound level - That sound level, which if constant over an eight-hour period, would result in the same noise dose measured in an environment where the noise level varies.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-11-060, § 296-307-600, filed 5/19/03, effective 8/1/03.]
OTS-7361.1
Part Y-8
Confined Spaces
NEW SECTION
WAC 296-307-642
Scope.
This part applies to all
confined spaces and provides requirements to protect employees
from the hazards of entering and working in confined spaces.
This part applies in any of the following circumstances:
You have confined spaces in your workplace.
Your employees will enter another employer's confined spaces.
A contractor will enter your confined spaces.
You provide confined space rescue services.
You can use Table 1 to help you decide which requirements to follow for confined spaces.
| For confined spaces that are | The requirements in the following sections apply | ||||||
| 644 | 646 | 648 | 650 | 652 | 654 | ||
| Permit-required confined spaces | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
| Entered by a contractor | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
| Nonpermit confined spaces | X | X | |||||
| Never entered | X | ||||||
| If you only: | |||||||
| Use alternate entry procedures | X | X | X | X | |||
| Have a contractor enter your space | X | ||||||
| Are a rescue service provider | X | X | X | ||||
A confined space is a space that is ALL of the following:
Large enough and arranged so an employee could fully enter the space and work.
Has limited or restricted entry or exit. Examples of spaces with limited or restricted entry are tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, excavations, and pits.
Not primarily designed for human occupancy.
| Note: | Requirements in other chapters may apply to your work. You will find some safety and health requirements are addressed on a broad level in this part, while being addressed for a specific application in another rule. When this happens, both requirements apply and should not conflict. When a conflict does occur, you need to follow the more specific requirement. |
| If you are uncertain which requirements to follow, contact your local labor and industries (L&I) office. |
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Your responsibility:
To identify your permit-required confined spaces and control employee entry.
You must:
Identify permit-required confined spaces.
Inform employees and control entry to permit-required confined spaces.
Follow these requirements when you contract with another employer to enter your confined space.
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IMPORTANT:
If your workplace contains only nonpermit confined spaces and your employees do not enter another employer's confined space, you may follow only the requirements in:
WAC 296-307-644, Identifying and controlling permit-required confined spaces; and
WAC 296-307-654, Nonpermit confined space requirements.
You must:
Identify all permit-required confined spaces in your workplace.
Assume any confined space is a permit-required confined space, unless you determine the space to be a nonpermit confined space.
If you enter the space to determine the hazards, follow the requirements in WAC 296-307-650, Permit entry procedures.
If you evaluate the confined space and there are no potential or actual hazards, you can consider it to be a nonpermit confined space.
Document your determination that the space is nonpermit, as required by WAC 296-307-654.
Definitions:
A permit-required confined space or permit space is a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics capable of causing death or serious physical harm:
Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.
Contains a material with the potential for engulfing someone who enters the space.
Has an internal configuration that could allow someone entering to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor, which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section.
Contains any physical hazard. This includes any recognized health or safety hazards including engulfment in solid or liquid material, electrical shock, or moving parts.
Contains any other recognized safety or health hazard that could either:
Impair the ability to self rescue;
OR
Result in a situation that presents an immediate danger to life or health.
A nonpermit confined space is a confined space that does NOT contain actual hazards or potential hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.
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You must:
(1) Provide information about confined spaces as follows:
Make available to affected employees and their authorized representatives all information and documents required by this part.
Inform affected employees about the existence, location, and danger of any permit-required confined spaces in your workplace by:
Posting danger signs; or
Using any other equally effective means to inform employees.
| Note: | A sign reading "Danger-Permit Required Confined Space, DO NOT ENTER" or using pictures or other similar wording employees can understand would satisfy the requirement for a sign. |
(2) Take effective measures to prevent unauthorized employees from entering permit-required confined spaces.
| Note: | Examples of measures to prevent employee entry include padlocks, bolted covers, special tools to remove covers, and providing employee training. |
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IMPORTANT:
The contractor is responsible for following all confined space requirements in this part and in other rules that apply.
You must:
Do all of the following if you arrange to have another employer (contractor) perform work that involves entry into your permit-required confined space:
Inform the contractor:
▪ That the workplace contains permit-required confined spaces and entry is allowed only if the applicable requirements of this part are met.
▪ Of the identified hazards and your experience with each permit-required confined space.
▪ Of any precautions or procedures you require for the protection of employees in or near spaces where the contractor will be working.
Coordinate entry operations with the contractor, when either employees or employers from the different companies will be working in or near permit-required confined spaces.
Discuss entry operations with the contractor when they are complete. Include the following in your discussion:
▪ The program followed during confined space entry; and
▪ Any hazards confronted or created.
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PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PROGRAMYour responsibility:
To develop your permit-required confined space program and practices.
IMPORTANT:
This section applies if employees will enter a permit-required confined space.
You must:
Develop a written permit-required confined space program.
Meet these additional requirements if your employees enter another employer's confined space.
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IMPORTANT:
Identify and evaluate the hazards of permit-required confined spaces and the work performed, to assist you in developing your entry program.
You must:
Develop a written program, before employees enter, that describes the means, procedures, and practices you use for the safe entry of permit-required confined spaces as required by this part. Include the following when applicable to your confined space entry program:
Documentation of permit entry procedures.
Documentation used for alternate entry procedures.
How to reclassify permit-required confined spaces to nonpermit spaces.
Designation of employee roles, such as entrants, attendants, entry supervisors, rescuers, or those who test or monitor the atmosphere in a permit-required space.
Identification of designated employee duties.
Training employees on their designated roles.
How to identify and evaluate hazards.
Use and maintenance of equipment.
How to prevent unauthorized entry.
How to coordinate entry with another employer.
How to rescue entrants.
| Note: | For alternate entry, your written program only needs to meet the requirements of WAC 296-307-648, Employee training, and WAC 296-307-652, Alternate entry procedures, of this part. |
Consult with affected employees and their authorized representatives when developing and implementing all aspects of your permit-required confined space program.
Make the written program available to employees and their authorized representatives.
Update your written program as necessary.
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You must:
Obtain any available information about permit-required confined space hazards and entry operations from the host employer.
Coordinate entry operations with any other employers whose employees will be working in or near the permit-required confined space.
Inform the host employer, either through a debriefing or during entry operations, about:
The entry program you will follow; and
Any hazards you confronted or created in the space during entry operations.
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EMPLOYEE TRAININGYour responsibility:
To make sure employees are trained to perform their designated roles safely.
You must:
Provide employee training.
Certify employee proficiency.
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You must:
Provide training to each employee involved in permit-required confined space activities, so they acquire the understanding, knowledge and skills necessary to safely perform assigned duties.
Establish employee proficiency in their confined space duties.
Introduce new or revised procedures as necessary.
| Note: | Employers can determine employee proficiency by: |
| Observing employee performance during training exercises that simulate actual confined space conditions. | |
| A comprehensive written examination; or | |
| Any other method that is effective for the employer. |
Provide training at the following times:
Before an employee is first assigned to duties covered by this part.
Before there is a change in an employee's assigned duties.
When there is a permit-required confined space hazard for which the employee has not already been trained.
If you have reason to believe that there are either:
▪ Deviations from your procedures for permit-required confined space entry; or
▪ Employee knowledge or use of your procedures is inadequate.
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You must:
Certify employee proficiency in their assigned duties.
Make sure the certification:
Contains each employee's name, the trainer's written or electronic signature or initials, and the dates of training.
Is available for inspection by employees and their authorized representatives.
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PERMIT ENTRY PROCEDURESYour responsibility:
To establish procedures for the safe permit-required entry of confined spaces.
Implement procedures for entry permits.
Use an entry permit that contains all required information.
Keep and review your entry permits.
Prevent unauthorized entry.
Provide, maintain, and use proper equipment.
Evaluate and control hazards for safe entry.
Make sure you have adequate rescue and emergency services available.
Use nonentry rescue systems or methods whenever possible.
Make sure entry supervisors perform their responsibilities and duties.
Provide an attendant outside the permit-required confined space.
Make sure entrants know the hazardous conditions and their duties.
Implement procedures for ending entry.
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You must:
Identify and evaluate, before employees enter, potential hazards from:
The permit-required confined space; and
The work to be performed.
Complete an entry permit before entry is authorized, documenting that you have completed the means, procedures and practices necessary for safe entry and work.
Make sure that entrants or their representatives have an opportunity to observe any monitoring or testing, or any actions to eliminate or control hazards, performed to complete the permit.
Identify the entry supervisor.
Make sure the entry supervisor signs the entry permit, authorizing entry, before the space is entered.
Make the completed permit available to entrants or their authorized representatives at the time of entry.
Do this by either posting the completed permit at the entry location, or by any other equally effective means.
Make sure the duration of the permit does not exceed the time required to complete the assigned task or job identified on the permit.
Note any problems encountered during an entry operation on the permit. Use the information to make appropriate revisions to your program, entry operations, means, systems, procedures and practices.
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You must:
Make sure your entry permit identifies all of the following that apply to your entry operation:
The space to be entered.
Purpose of the entry.
Date and the authorized duration of the entry permit.
Hazards of the space to be entered.
Acceptable entry conditions.
Results of initial and periodic tests performed to evaluate and identify the hazards and conditions of the space, accompanied by the names or initials of the testers and by an indication of when the tests were performed.
Appropriate measures used before entry to isolate the space, and eliminate or control hazards.
Examples of appropriate measures include the lockout or tagging of equipment and procedures for purging, inerting, ventilating, and flushing permit-required confined spaces.
Names of entrants and current attendants.
Other means include the use of rosters or tracking systems as long as the attendant can determine quickly and accurately, for the duration of the permit, which entrants are inside the space.
The current entry supervisor.
A space for the signature or initials of the original supervisor authorizing entry.
Communication procedures for entrants and attendants to maintain contact during the entry.
Equipment provided for safe entry, such as:
▪ Personal protective equipment (PPE).
▪ Testing equipment.
▪ Communications equipment.
▪ Alarm systems.
▪ Rescue equipment.
Rescue and emergency services available, and how to contact them. Include equipment to use, and names and contact information.
Other information needed for safety in the particular confined space.
Additional permits issued for work in the space, such as for hot work.
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You must:
Keep entry permits for at least one year.
Keep entry permits or other atmospheric monitoring records that show the actual atmosphere an employee entered or worked in, as employee exposure records.
Review your permit-required confined space entry program as follows:
Conduct a review when you have any reason to believe your entry program may not protect employees, and revise your program before allowing subsequent entries.
| Note: | Examples of circumstances requiring the review of your program include the following: |
| There is unauthorized entry of a permit space. | |
| A permit space hazard not covered by the permit is found. | |
| A condition prohibited by the permit occurs. | |
| An injury or near-miss occurs during entry. | |
| There is a change in the use or configuration of a permit space. | |
| An employee complains about the effectiveness of the program. |
Review canceled entry permits within one year following each entry to evaluate:
Your permit-required confined space program.
The protection provided to employees entering permit-required confined spaces.
Update your written permit-required confined space entry program as necessary.
| Note: | Employers may perform a single annual review covering all entries performed during a twelve-month period. If no entry is performed during a twelve-month period, no review is necessary. |
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You must:
Implement measures necessary to prevent unauthorized entry into permit-required confined spaces, when conducting authorized entry.
| Note: | When removing entrance covers to open the confined space, protect entrants and those outside the confined space from hazards. |
| Examples of measures to prevent unauthorized entry are signs, barricades, warning tape, and an attendant. |
[]
You must:
Provide the equipment in Table 2, when needed and at no cost to employees.
Make sure that employees use provided equipment properly.
Maintain the provided equipment.
| Type of equipment | For |
| Testing and monitoring equipment | Evaluating permit-required confined space conditions |
| Ventilating equipment | Obtaining and maintaining acceptable entry conditions |
| Communication equipment | Effective communication between the attendant and the entrants and to initiate rescue when required |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Protecting employees from hazards of the space or the work performed |
| Lighting equipment | Employees to see well enough to work safely and to exit the space quickly in an emergency |
| Barriers or shields, such as pedestrian, vehicle or other barriers | Protecting employees from hazards outside of the space |
| Ladders | Safe entry and exit by entrants |
| Rescue and emergency equipment, except for equipment provided by the rescue service provider | Safe and effective rescue |
| Any other equipment | Safe entry into and rescue from permit-required confined spaces |
[]
Evaluate and control hazards for safe entry into permit-required confined spaces by doing all the following:
Test for atmospheric hazards, in this order:
▪ Oxygen.
▪ Combustible gases and vapors.
▪ Toxic gases and vapors.
Provide each entrant or their authorized representative an opportunity to observe any of the following:
▪ Preentry testing.
▪ Subsequent testing.
▪ Monitoring of permit-required spaces.
Reevaluate the permit-required space in the presence of any entrant, or their authorized representative, who requests this to be done because they have reason to believe that the evaluation of that space may not have been adequate.
Upon request, immediately provide each entrant or their authorized representative, with the results of any testing required by this rule.
Continuously monitor conditions in areas where entrants are working, when isolation of the space is not feasible.
Examples would be a large space or space that is part of a continuous system, such as a sewer.
Evaluate space conditions during entry as follows:
| You must: | In order to |
| Test conditions before entry | Determine that acceptable entry conditions exist before entry is authorized by the entry supervisor |
| Test or evaluate space conditions during entry | Determine that acceptable entry conditions are being maintained during entry operations |
| Evaluate entry operations | Make sure entrants of more than one employer working at the same time in or around a permit-required confined space, do not endanger each other |
This section applies to both:
Employers whose employees use permit entry procedures; and
Employers who provide rescue services.
[]
You must:
(1) Make sure you have adequate rescue and emergency services available during your permit-required confined space entry operations.
Evaluate and select rescue teams or services who can:
Respond to a rescue call in a timely manner. Timeliness is based on the identified hazards. Rescuers must have the capability to reach potential victims within an appropriate time frame based on the identified permit space hazards.
Proficiently rescue employees from a permit-required confined space in your workplace. Rescuers must have the appropriate equipment for the type of rescue.
Make sure that at least one member of the rescue team or service holds a current certification in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Inform each rescue team or service about the hazards they may confront when called to perform rescue.
Provide the rescue team or service with access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary.
This will allow them to develop appropriate rescue plans and to practice rescue operations.
| Note: | What will be considered timely will vary according to the specific hazards involved in each entry. For example, WAC 296-307-594, Respirators, requires that employers provide a standby person or persons capable of immediate action to rescue employee(s) for work areas considered to contain an IDLH atmosphere. |
(2) Provide employees, assigned to provide permit-required confined space rescue and emergency services, with:
Personal protective equipment (PPE) needed for safe entry.
Other equipment required to conduct rescues safely.
Training so they are:
Proficient in the use of the PPE and other equipment.
Proficient as an entrant of permit-required confined spaces.
Able to safely perform assigned rescue and emergency duties.
Knowledgeable in basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Practice sessions for permit-required confined space rescues at least once every twelve months where dummies, manikins, or actual persons are removed from either:
The actual permit spaces; or
Representative permit spaces that simulate the opening size, configuration, and accessibility, of permit spaces where rescue will be performed.
(3) Establish procedures for:
Contacting rescue and emergency services.
Rescuing entrants from permit-required confined spaces.
Providing necessary emergency services to rescued entrants.
Preventing unauthorized persons from attempting a rescue.
[]
You must:
Use nonentry retrieval systems or methods to rescue entrants in a permit-required confined space unless this:
Would increase the overall risk of injury to entrants; or
Would not contribute to the rescue of the entrant.
Make sure each entrant uses a chest or full-body harness, with a retrieval line attached to the harness at one of the following locations:
At the center of the employee's back, near shoulder level.
Above the employee's head.
At another point which presents a profile small enough for the successful removal of the employee.
Attach the retrieval line to a mechanical device or fixed point outside the space, so rescue can begin as soon as necessary.
Make sure a mechanical device is available to retrieve entrants from vertical spaces more than five feet (1.52 m) deep.
| Note: | When you can demonstrate that the use of a chest or full-body harness is not feasible or creates a greater hazard, then you may use wristlets or another method shown to be the safest and most effective alternative. |
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You must:
Make sure that an entry supervisor:
Authorizes the entry into a permit-required confined space by signing the entry permit.
Oversees entry operations.
Knows about the hazards that may be faced during entry, including the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure.
Verifies and checks all of the following:
▪ The appropriate entries have been made on the permit.
▪ All tests specified by the permit have been conducted.
▪ All procedures and equipment specified by the permit are in place before approving the permit and allowing entry to the space.
Terminates the entry and cancels the permit when:
▪ The assigned task or job has been completed.
▪ A condition in the space that is not covered by the entry permit is discovered.
Verifies that rescue services are available and that there is a way to contact them.
Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or attempt to enter the permit-required confined space during entry operations.
Determines that entry operations remain consistent with the terms of the entry permit and acceptable entry conditions are maintained:
▪ Whenever responsibility for a permit-required space entry operation is transferred; and
▪ At regular intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space.
| Note: | Make sure entry supervisors have the required knowledge and proficiency to perform the job duties and responsibilities required by this part. |
| The entry supervisor may also perform other duties under this part, such as attendant or entrant, if they are trained and proficient in those duties. | |
| The responsibility of the entry supervisor may be passed from one supervisor to another during an entry operation. |
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IMPORTANT:
The number of attendants assigned should be tailored to the requirements of the space and the work performed.
You need to assess if it is appropriate or possible to have multiple permit spaces monitored by a single attendant, or have an attendant stationed at a location outside each space. Video cameras and radios are examples of tools that may assist an attendant monitoring more than one space.
Attendants may be stationed at any location outside the permit-required confined space if the duties described in this section can be effectively performed for each space that is monitored.
You must:
Provide at least one attendant outside the permit-required confined space during entry operations.
Make sure each permit-required confined space attendant:
Understands the hazards that may be faced during entry, including the mode, signs or symptoms, and results of exposure to the hazards.
Is aware of the behavioral effects of exposure to the hazard.
Continuously maintains an accurate count of entrants in the space.
Maintains an accurate record of who is in the permit-required confined space.
Communicates with entrants as necessary to monitor their status or alert them of the need to evacuate the space.
Monitors activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space.
Orders entrants to evacuate the space immediately if any of the following conditions occur:
▪ A prohibited condition.
▪ The behavioral effects of hazardous exposure on an entrant.
▪ A situation outside the space that could endanger entrants.
▪ The attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the duties required in this part.
Takes the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a space:
▪ Warns unauthorized persons to stay away from the space.
▪ Tells the unauthorized persons to exit immediately if they have entered the space.
▪ Informs entrants and the entry supervisor if unauthorized persons have entered the space.
Performs nonentry rescues as specified by your rescue procedure.
Has the means to respond to an emergency affecting one or more of the permit spaces being monitored without preventing performance of the attendant's duties to the other spaces being monitored.
Carries out no duties that might interfere with their primary duty to monitor and protect the entrants.
Calls for rescue and other emergency services as soon as entrants may need assistance to escape from the space.
Monitors entry operations until relieved by another attendant or all entrants are out of the space.
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You must:
Make sure that all entrants:
Know the hazards they may face during entry, including the mode, signs or symptoms, and results of exposure to the hazards.
Use equipment properly.
Communicate with the attendant as necessary so the attendant can:
▪ Monitor entrant status.
▪ Alert entrants of the need to evacuate.
Alert the attendant whenever either of these situations exist:
▪ A warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation such as, behavioral changes, euphoria, giddiness potentially from lack of oxygen or exposure to solvents.
▪ A prohibited condition.
Exit from the permit-required confined space as quickly as possible when one of the following occurs:
▪ The attendant or entry supervisor gives an order to evacuate.
▪ The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation.
▪ The entrant detects a prohibited condition.
▪ An evacuation alarm is activated.
[]
You must:
Make sure you terminate the entry when entry operations are completed, including securing an entrance cover and canceling the permit.
[]
Summary:
Your responsibility:
To choose alternate entry procedures for spaces where the only hazard is a hazardous atmosphere.
IMPORTANT:
In addition to this section, you also need to meet the requirements in the following sections of this part:
WAC 296-307-644, Identifying and controlling permit-required confined spaces.
WAC 296-307-646, Permit-required confined space program.
WAC 296-307-648, Employee training.
You must:
Make sure the following conditions are met if using alternate entry procedures.
Follow these alternate entry procedures for permit-required confined spaces.
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You must:
Make sure, when using alternate entry procedures, instead of permit entry procedures, that you have monitoring and inspection data that supports the following:
That the only hazard of the permit-required confined space is an actual or potentially hazardous atmosphere.
That continuous forced air ventilation alone is all that is needed to maintain the permit-required confined space for safe entry.
Make sure an entry to obtain monitoring and inspection data or to eliminate hazards is performed according to WAC 296-307-500, Permit entry procedures.
Make sure all documentation produced is available to each affected employee and their authorized representative.
[]
You must:
Use the following alternate entry procedures:
Eliminate any unsafe conditions before removing an entrance cover.
▪ When entrance covers are removed, promptly guard the opening with a railing, temporary cover, or other temporary barrier to prevent accidental falls through the opening and protect entrants from objects falling into the space.
▪ Certify that preentry measures have been taken (such as safe removal of the cover and having protection needed to gather preentry data), with the date, location of the space, and signature of the person certifying.
Make the preentry certification available before entry to each entrant.
Before an employee enters the confined space, test the internal atmosphere with a calibrated, direct-reading instrument for all of the following, in this order:
▪ Oxygen content.
▪ Flammable gases and vapors.
▪ Potential toxic air contaminants.
Provide entrants, or their authorized representatives, with an opportunity to observe the preentry and periodic testing.
Make sure the atmosphere within the space is not hazardous when entrants are present.
Use continuous forced air ventilation, as follows:
▪ Wait until the forced air ventilation has removed any hazardous atmosphere before allowing entrants into the space.
▪ Direct forced air ventilation toward the immediate areas where employees are, or will be, and continue ventilation until all employees have left the space.
Provide the air supply from a clean source and make sure it does not increase hazards in the space.
Test the atmosphere within the space as needed to make sure hazards do not accumulate.
If a hazardous atmosphere is detected during entry, do all of the following:
▪ Evacuate employees from the space immediately.
▪ Evaluate the space to determine how the hazardous atmosphere developed.
▪ Implement measures to protect employees from the hazardous atmosphere before continuing the entry operation.
▪ Verify the space is safe for entry before continuing the entry operation.
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Summary:
IMPORTANT:
A confined space may be classified as a nonpermit confined space for as long as the hazards remain eliminated. Once a hazard is present, you must follow all requirements of this part that apply.
Your responsibility:
To make sure any space you classify as nonpermit does not have the potential to contain serious health or safety hazards.
You must:
Follow these requirements when classifying a confined space as a nonpermit confined space.
Reevaluate nonpermit confined spaces if hazards develop.
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You must:
Make sure the confined space meets these conditions to be classified as nonpermit confined spaces:
The confined space does not contain an actual or potential hazardous atmosphere.
The confined space does not contain hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm. This includes any recognized health or safety hazards including engulfment in solid or liquid material, electrical shock, or moving parts.
If you must enter to remove hazards, the space must be treated as a permit-required confined space until hazards have been eliminated.
| Note: | Controlling atmospheric hazards through forced air ventilation does not eliminate the hazards. |
| You should evaluate the use of lockout-tagout, as covered in WAC 296-307-320, to determine if using it fully eliminates the hazard. | |
| You are allowed to use alternate entry procedures covered in WAC 296-307-652, if you can demonstrate that forced air ventilation alone will control all hazards in the space. |
Document how you determined the confined space contained no permit-required confined space hazards. Certify this documentation with the following:
Date.
Location of the space.
Signature of the person making the determination.
Make the certification available to each entrant, or their authorized representative.
| Note: | This certification must be completed every time a permit-required confined space is reclassified as a nonpermit space. |
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You must:
Reclassify a nonpermit confined space to a permit-required confined space, if necessary, when changes in the use or configuration of the space increase the hazards to entrants.
Make sure all employees exit the space if hazards develop. You must then reevaluate the space and determine whether it must be reclassified as a permit-required confined space.
[]
Acceptable entry conditions:
The conditions that must exist in a permit-required confined space to allow safe entry and work.
Attendant:
An individual stationed outside one or more permit-required confined spaces to monitor the entrants.
Blanking or blinding:
The absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by fastening a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the bore. It is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line, or duct with no leakage beyond the plate.
Confined space:
A space that is all of the following:
Large enough and arranged so an employee could fully enter the space and work.
Has limited or restricted entry or exit. Examples of spaces with limited or restricted entry are tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, excavations, and pits.
Not primarily designed for human occupancy.
Double block and bleed:
The closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves.
Emergency:
Any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal or external to the permit-required confined space that could endanger authorized entrants.
Engulfment:
The surrounding capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be inhaled to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing.
Enter (entry):
The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space and includes work activities in that space. Entry is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.
| Note: | If the opening is large enough for the worker to fully enter the space, a permit is required even for partial body entry. Permits are not required for partial body entry where the opening is not large enough for full entry, although other rules such as lockout-tagout, WAC 296-307-320 or respiratory hazards, WAC 296-307-624 may apply. |
An employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit-required confined space.
Entry permit (permit):
The written or printed document that is provided by you to allow and control entry into a permit-required confined space and that contains the information required in WAC 296-307-650, Permit entry procedures.
Entry supervisor:
The person (such as the employer, crew leader, or crew chief) responsible for:
Determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit-required confined space where entry is planned;
Authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations; and
Terminating entry as required.
Hazardous atmosphere:
An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit-required confined space), injury, or acute illness caused by one or more of the following:
Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of ten percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL).
Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL.
| Note: | This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of five feet (1.52 m) or less. |
Atmospheric concentration of any substance which may exceed a permissible exposure limit. For additional information about atmospheric concentration, see chapter 296-62 WAC, Parts F, G, and I, General occupational health standards and WAC 296-307-624, Respiratory hazards.
| Note: | An airborne concentration of a substance that is not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effects is not covered by this definition. |
| Note: | You can find guidance on establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions for air contaminants, which have no WISHA-determined doses or permissible exposure limits using other sources of information, such as: |
| Material safety data sheets required by WAC 296-307-550, Employer chemical hazard communication. | |
| Published information. | |
| Internal documents. |
A written authorization to perform operations, for example, riveting, welding, cutting, burning, and heating, that can provide a source of ignition.
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH):
Any of the following conditions:
An immediate or delayed threat to life.
Anything that would cause irreversible adverse health effects.
Anything that would interfere with an individual's ability to escape unaided from a permit-required confined space.
| Note: | Some materials - hydrogen fluoride gas and cadmium vapor, for example - may produce immediate transient effects that, even if severe, may pass without medical attention, but are followed by sudden, possibly fatal collapse twelve to seventy-two hours after exposure. The victim "feels normal" after recovery from transient effects until collapse. Such materials in hazardous quantities are considered to be "immediately" dangerous to life or health (IDLH). |
The displacement of the atmosphere in a permit-required confined space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible.
| Note: | This procedure produces an IDLH oxygen-deficient atmosphere. |
The process by which a permit-required confined space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space by such means as: Blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; a double block and bleed system; lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages.
Line breaking:
The intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.
Nonpermit confined space:
A confined space that does NOT contain actual hazards or potential hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.
Oxygen deficient atmosphere:
An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume.
Oxygen enriched atmosphere:
An atmosphere containing more than 23.5 percent oxygen by volume.
Permit-required confined space or permit space:
A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics capable of causing death or serious physical harm:
Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.
Contains a material with the potential for engulfing someone who enters.
Has an internal configuration that could allow someone entering to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor, which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section.
Contains any physical hazard. This includes any recognized health or safety hazards including engulfment in solid or liquid material, electrical shock, or moving parts.
Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard that could either:
Impair the ability to self-rescue; or
Result in a situation that presents an immediate danger to life or health.
Permit-required confined space program:
An overall program for:
Controlling and appropriately protecting employees from permit-required confined space hazards; and
Regulating employee entry into permit-required confined spaces.
Prohibited condition:
Any condition in a permit-required confined space that is not allowed by the permit during the authorized entry period.
Rescue service:
The personnel designated to rescue employees from permit-required confined spaces.
Retrieval system:
The equipment used for nonentry rescue of persons from permit-required confined spaces, such as a retrieval line, full-body harness or wristlets, and a lifting device or anchor.
Testing:
The process of identifying and evaluating the hazards that entrants may be exposed to in a permit-required confined space. Testing includes specifying the tests that are to be performed in the permit-required confined space.
| Note: | Testing allows employers to devise and implement adequate controls to protect entrants during entry, and to determine if acceptable entry conditions are present. |
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OTS-7363.2
Part Y-10
Emergency Response
NEW SECTION
WAC 296-307-704
Scope.
What is the purpose of WAC 296-307-704, Emergency response to hazardous substance
releases?
To state the minimum requirements that help you protect the safety and health of your employees during a response to hazardous substance releases in your workplace or any other location.
Do the requirements of this rule apply to your workplace?
This section applies if your employees are, or could become, involved in responding to uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances in your workplace or any other location. Use the scope flow chart, and definitions that follow, to determine if this section applies to your workplace(s). Defined words are italicized in the flow chart.
|
*The flow chart references other rules applicable to your workplace depending on conditions and hazards.
Examples include:
WAC 296-62-400, Hazardous chemicals in laboratories
WAC 296-307-594, Respiratory protection.
Definitions applicable to the flow chart (see WAC 296-307-70480 for additional definitions used in this section):
Danger area
Areas where conditions pose a serious danger to employees, such as areas where:
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) conditions could exist
OR
High levels of exposure to toxic substances could exist
OR
There is a potential for exceeding the lower explosive limit (LEL), also known as the lower flammability limit (LFL), of a substance.
Emergency response
A response to an anticipated release of a hazardous substance that is, or could become, an uncontrolled release.
Hazardous substance
Any biological, radiological, or chemical substance that can have adverse effects on humans. (See WAC 296-307-70480 for a more specific definition.)
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)
Any atmospheric condition that would:
Cause an immediate threat to life
Cause permanent or delayed adverse health effects
Interfere with an employee's ability to escape.
Incidental release
A release that can be safely controlled at the time of
the release and does not have the potential to become an
uncontrolled release.
A tanker truck is receiving a load of hazardous liquid when a leak occurs. The driver knows the only hazard from the liquid is minor skin irritation. The employer has trained the driver on procedures and provided equipment to use for a release of this quantity. The driver puts on skin protection and stops the leak. A spill kit is used to contain, absorb, and pick up the spilled material for disposal.
Limited action
Action necessary to:
Secure an operation during emergency responses,
OR
Prevent an incident from increasing in severity.
Examples include shutting down processes and closing emergency valves.
Release
A spill, leak, or other type of hazardous substance discharge.
Uncontrolled release
A release where significant safety and health risks could
be created. Releases of hazardous substances that are either
incidental or could not create a safety or health hazard
(i.e., fire, explosion or chemical exposure) are not
considered to be uncontrolled releases.
Large-quantity releases
Small-releases that could be highly toxic
Airborne exposures that could exceed a WISHA permissible exposure limit or a published exposure limit and employees are not adequately trained or equipped to control the release.
A forklift driver knocks over a container of a solvent-based liquid, releasing the contents onto the warehouse floor. The driver has been trained to recognize the vapor is flammable and moderately toxic when inhaled. The driver has not been trained or provided appropriate equipment to address this type of spill. In this situation, it is not safe for the driver to attempt a response. The driver needs to notify someone of the release so an emergency response can be initiated.
Workplace
A fixed facility
OR
A temporary location (such as a traffic corridor)
OR
Locations where employees respond to emergencies.
Summary:
Your responsibility:
To anticipate, plan for, and manage emergency response
operations so employees are protected from hazardous
substances and conditions.
| Note: | Other chapters may apply to your workplace, such as: |
| Chapter 296-62 WAC, General occupational health standards. |
If you are uncertain which requirements to follow, you must comply with the more protective requirement. Contact your local L&I office if you need assistance in making this determination.
You must:
WAC 296-307-70410 Planning
WAC 296-307-70415 Training
WAC 296-307-70420 Medical surveillance
WAC 296-307-70425 Keep records
WAC 296-307-70430 Incident requirements
WAC 296-307-70435 Implement and maintain an incident command system (ICS) (incident command system)
WAC 296-307-70440 Prepare skilled support personnel
WAC 296-307-70445 Make sure the incident commander oversees activities during the response
WAC 296-307-70450 Use the buddy system in danger areas
WAC 296-307-70455 Provide rescue and medical assistance
WAC 296-307-70460 Personal protective equipment
WAC 296-307-70465 Control hazards created by personal protective equipment (PPE)
WAC 296-307-70470 Use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly
WAC 296-307-70475 Postemergency response
WAC 296-307-70480 Definitions.
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| Note: | You may already have an emergency response plan, such as required by chapter 296-843 WAC, Hazardous waste operations or by state and locally coordinated response efforts (Section 303 of Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), Title III). You may use those plans to comply with this section, if they include the items listed below. |
| Before a written emergency response plan can be developed, you will need to anticipate the types of uncontrolled releases that employees could encounter in your workplace(s). |
(1) Make sure your plan is written and adequately addresses, as a minimum, all of the following:
Preemergency planning and coordination with additional responders (including personnel from other employers such as: Fire departments, law enforcement agencies, emergency medical services, and state or federal agencies).
Personnel roles, (see Table 1) and lines of authority and communications for all affected parties including responders.
Employee training (see WAC 296-307-70415, train your employees), for more detail:
| Note: | Responders' level of training depends on the duties and roles the employer assigns. |
| Training for the employees' role should address the competencies specified in Tables 3 through 6. | |
| Training on specific substances may be appropriate depending on the number and characteristics of hazardous substances expected to be encountered. For example, if employees may only respond to one substance, you could provide training (covering the knowledge and skills specified in Tables 3 through 6) relevant to that single substance. If employees might respond to a range of hazardous substances, training may be required to cover categories of hazardous substances. |
Videos and automated training methods (for example: Interactive computer based programs) may be used in training; however, instructors must be readily available to:
Encourage and provide responses to questions for the benefit of the group
Evaluate employees' understanding of the material
Provide instructional interaction to the group.
Emergency recognition
Immediate emergency procedures including:
Methods of alerting employees (see WAC 296-307-345, Employee alarm systems) and outside responders
Procedures for limited action (emergency prevention).
| Note: | Limited action includes shutting down processes, closing emergency valves and other critical actions to
secure the operation, or prevent the incident from increasing in severity. |
| Limited Action and Employee Roles | |
| If. . . | Then employees involved would be: |
| Limited action could be conducted in the danger area | Considered emergency responders |
| Limited action will not be conducted in IDLH conditions | Considered evacuees, not emergency responders |
Evacuation routes and procedures
How to establish safe distances and places of refuge (for example, during emergency response the incident commander (IC) decides to make changes based on new developments, i.e., changes in the wind direction).
You must:
Methods of securing and controlling access to the site
Emergency medical treatment and first aid
A complete personal protective equipment (PPE) program that addresses:
Selection of PPE including selection criteria to be used and the identification, specified use and limitations of the PPE selected
Training on proper use of PPE (including maintenance)
Hazards created by wearing PPE including heat stress during temperature extremes, and/or other appropriate medical considerations
Criteria used for determining the proper fit of PPE
Procedures covering proper use of PPE including procedures for inspection, putting it on (donning) and removing it (doffing)
Maintenance of PPE including procedures for decontamination, disposal and storage
Methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of your PPE
program.
| Note: | If a manufacturer's printed information or WISHA rule adequately addresses procedural requirements (such as donning or doffing for PPE), it is not necessary to rewrite this into your program; simply attach the printed information. |
| You may use written procedures provided by the equipment manufacturer when they meet the requirements of other chapters, including chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5, Respirators. |
Emergency response procedures
Decontamination procedures determined by a hazardous materials specialist or other qualified individual
Methods to critically assess the response and conduct appropriate follow-up.
You must:
(2) Make your written emergency response plan available
to employees, their representatives, and WISHA personnel for
inspecting or copying.
| Note: | In situations where multiple employers could respond to an incident, all plans should consistently address: |
| Who will be designated as the incident commander (IC) | |
| AND | |
| If, when, and how transfer of the incident commander (IC) position will take place. |
| Table 1 Roles and Duties of Emergency Responders |
||
| If the employee's role is: | Then all the following apply. They: | |
| First responder at the awareness level | | Are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release |
| | Are trained to initiate an emergency response by notifying the proper authorities of the release | |
| | Take no further action beyond notifying the authorities | |
| First responder at the operations level | | Respond to actual or potential releases in order to protect nearby persons, property, and/or the environment from the effects of the release |
| | Are trained to respond defensively, without trying to stop the release | |
| | May try to: | |
| - Confine the release from a safe distance | ||
| - Keep it from spreading | ||
| - Protect others from hazardous exposures | ||
| Hazardous materials technician | | Respond to releases or potential releases, with the intent of stopping the release |
| | Are trained to approach the point of release offensively in order to, either: | |
| - Plug | ||
| - Patch | ||
| - Stop the release using other methods | ||
| Hazardous materials specialist | | Respond along with, and provide support to, hazardous materials technicians |
| | Are required to have more specific knowledge of hazardous substances than a hazardous materials technician | |
| | Act as the site activity liaison when federal, state, local, and other government authorities participate | |
| Incident commander | | Have ultimate responsibility for: |
| - Direction | ||
| - Control | ||
| - Coordination of the response effort | ||
| - Will assume control of the incident beyond the first responder awareness level | ||
| Specialist employee | | Are a technical, medical, environmental, or other type of expert |
| | May represent a hazardous substance manufacturer, shipper, or a government agency | |
| | May be present at the scene or may assist from an off-site location | |
| | Regularly work with specific hazardous substances | |
| | Are trained in the hazards of specific substances | |
| | Are expected to give technical advice or assistance to the incident commander or incident safety officer, when requested | |
| Skilled support personnel | | Are needed to perform an immediate, specific emergency support task at the site |
| | Are skilled in the operation of equipment including: | |
| Earth moving equipment | ||
| Cranes | ||
| Hoisting equipment | ||
| Incident safety officer | | Are designated by the incident commander |
| | Are knowledgeable in operations being implemented at the site | |
| | Have specific responsibility to | |
| Identify and evaluate hazards | ||
| Provide direction on employee safety matters | ||
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Train your employees
| Note: | Use Tables 3 through 6 to identify your employees' training competencies. |
| You may conduct training internally, or use outside training services to comply with this section. | |
| When outside trainers are hired, you are still responsible for making sure the requirements of this section are met. For example, employers may compare the course outline to the competencies listed in Tables 3 through 6. |
Make sure employees are appropriately trained for their
assigned roles and duties as follows:
| Exemption: | Skilled support employees are not covered by the training requirements of this section (see WAC 296-307-70440). |
Provide initial training before the employee is allowed
to participate in an actual emergency response operation.
| Note: | When first responders at the awareness or operations level have sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competencies specified in Table 3, you may accept experience instead of training. |
Certify that employees objectively demonstrate competencies specified in Tables 3 through 6 (except for employees trained as first responders at the awareness level).
You must:
Retraining (refresher) training:
Provide retraining annually.
Make sure retraining covers necessary content.
Document training or demonstrated competency.
| Note: | Retraining is not required when employees demonstrate competencies annually and a record is kept of the demonstration methodology used. |
Trainer qualifications:
Verify trainers have satisfactorily completed an instructors' training course for the subjects they teach. For example, courses offered by the United States National Academy, or equivalent courses are acceptable.
OR
Have the educational and instructional experience necessary for training.
Specialist employees:
Specialist employees who have been sent to the scene to
advise or assist must receive training or demonstrate
competency in their specialty, annually.
| Table 2 Minimum Training Durations for all Responders |
|
| If you are a: | Then: |
| First responder at the awareness level | Training duration needs to be sufficient to provide the required competencies |
| First responder at the operations level | You need a minimum of 8 hours training (see Table 3) |
| Hazardous materials technician | You need a minimum of 24 hours training (see Table 4) |
| Hazardous materials specialist | You need a minimum of 24 hours training (see Table 4) |
| Incident commander | You need a minimum of 24 hours training (see Table 5) |
| Table 3 Competencies for First Responders at the Awareness Level and Operations Level |
||
| Employees must be able to show they: | When they are designated as First Responders at the: | |
| Awareness Level | Operations Level | |
| Understand what hazardous substances are and their associated risks. | X | X |
| Recognize the presence of hazardous substances in an emergency. | X | X |
| Can identify the hazardous substances, when possible. | X | X |
| Understand the potential consequences of hazardous substances in an emergency. | X | X |
| Understand the role of a first responder at the awareness level
as described in: The employer's emergency response plan, including site security and control. The United States Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook. (Search at: http://www.dot.gov.) |
X | X |
| Can use The United States Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook. | X | X |
| Recognize the need for additional resources and the need to notify the incident's communication center accordingly. | X | X |
| Know basic hazard and risk assessment techniques. | X | |
| Can select and use personal protective equipment (PPE) appropriate for first responder operations level. | X | |
| Understand basic hazardous materials terms. | X | |
| Can perform basic control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and PPE available. | X | |
| Can implement decontamination procedures to their level of training. | X | |
| Understand relevant standard operating and termination procedures. | X | |
| Table 4 Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians and Hazardous Materials Specialist |
||
| Employees must be able to show they: | When they are designated as a Hazardous Materials: | |
| Technician | Specialist | |
| Have the competencies specified for the first responder operations level. (See Table 3) | X | X |
| Can implement an employer's emergency response plan. | X | X |
| Can function within their assigned role in the incident command system. | X | X |
| Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques. | X | X |
| Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and behavior. | X | X |
| Can use field survey instruments and equipment to classify, identify, and verify materials at the incident. | X | X |
| Can select and use personal protective equipment (PPE) appropriate for hazardous materials technicians. | X | X |
| Can perform advance control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and PPE available. | X | X |
| Can implement decontamination procedures to their level of training. | X | X |
| Understand termination procedures. | X | X |
| Can implement the local emergency response plan. | X | |
| Know of the state emergency response plan. | X | |
| Can develop a site safety and control plan. | X | |
| Understand chemical, radiological, and toxicological terminology and behavior. | X | |
| Understand in-depth hazard and risk techniques. | X | |
| Can use advanced survey instruments and equipment to classify, identify and verify materials at the incident. | X | |
| Can select and use proper specialized chemical PPE given to hazardous materials specialists. | X | |
| Can perform specialized control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and PPE available. | X | |
| Can determine decontamination procedures. | X | |
| Table 5 Competencies for Incident Commanders |
|
| Employees designated as Incident Commanders must be able to show they: | |
| | Have competencies specified for the First Responder Operations Level. (See Table 3.) |
| | Know of the state emergency response plan and the Federal Regional Response Team. |
| | Can implement the local emergency response plan. |
| | Can implement the employer's emergency response plan. |
| | Have knowledge of the incident command system (ICS) and understand how they relate to it. |
| | Can implement the employer's ICS. |
| | Understand the hazards and risks associated with employees working in chemical protective clothing. |
| | Understand the importance of decontamination procedures. |
| Note: | If the first employee arriving at the scene is not trained as an IC, they may take control of the incident within their designated role and training level. |
| Table 6 Competencies for Specialist Employees |
|
| Employees designated as Specialist Employees must be able to show they: | |
| | Have current knowledge in their field regarding safety and health practices relating to the specific hazardous substances. |
| | Have the knowledge of the ICS and understand how they relate to it. |
| | Understand the care and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). |
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You must:
(1) Provide medical surveillance for employees to comply with Tables 7 and 8, and the following:
Make medical surveillance available at:
Reasonable times and places.
No cost to employees, including travel associated costs such as mileage, gas or bus fare if the employee is required to travel off site
AND
Wages for additional time spent outside of employees' normal work hours.
Make sure a licensed physician performs or supervises exams and procedures.
Give complete information to the examining physician including:
A copy of this section.
A description of the employee's duties that relate to hazardous substance exposure.
The hazardous substance exposure levels anticipated for the employee.
A description of the personal protective equipment (PPE) the employee could use.
Information available from previous medical examinations.
The medical evaluation information required by chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5, Respirators.
Medical exams must include, at a minimum:
A medical history.
A work history (or updated history if on file).
A special emphasis on:
▪ Assessment of symptoms related to handling hazardous substances.
▪ Health hazards.
▪ Evaluation of fitness for duty (including the ability to wear any personal protective equipment (PPE) or other conditions that may be expected at the workplace).
Other content as determined by the examining physician.
| Note: | The physician should consult the Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities and the Medical Management Guidelines for Acute Chemical Exposure (search OSHA website: http://www.osha.gov). |
(2) Obtain the physician's written opinion and give a copy to the employee that includes:
A statement of whether or not medical conditions were found which would increase the employee's risk for impairment during emergency response work or respirator use.
Do not include specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposures.
Limitations recommended to the employee's assigned work, if any.
Exam and test results if the employee requests this information.
A statement that affirms the employee has been
confidentially informed of medical exam results (including
medical conditions requiring follow-up).
| Table 7 Medical Surveillance for Employee Categories |
|
| If the employee is covered by this section and is: | Then you must: |
| Exposed for at least 30 days a year to health hazards
or hazardous substances at or above the permissible
exposure limit or published exposure levels (even when
respirators are used), OR Required to wear a respirator for at least 30 days a year.* |
Offer standard medical surveillance as specified in Table 8.* |
| A hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team member. A hazardous materials specialist. |
Provide standard medical surveillance as specified in Table 8. |
| An emergency responder who shows immediate or delayed signs or symptoms possibly resulting from exposure to hazardous substances during an incident. | Provide incident-specific medical surveillance as specified in Table 8. |
| Not an emergency responder and: May be injured. Shows immediate or delayed signs or symptoms possibly resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. May have been exposed to hazardous substances at concentrations above the permissible exposure limits (PELs) or the published exposure levels without appropriate PPE. |
Offer incident-specific medical surveillance as specified in Table 8. |
| *Note: | A medical evaluation for respirator use is required by chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5, Respiratory protection, for those employees who have not been cleared for respirator use during medical surveillance activities. |
| Table 8 Frequency of Exams and Consultations |
|
| If the employee is covered by: | Then medical surveillance must include: |
| Standard medical surveillance | Exams and consultations: Before assignment. Note: If the employee is a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team member or a hazardous materials specialist, the employee must receive a baseline physical examination. At least once every 12 months after their initial assignment unless the physician believes a shorter, or longer interval (but no more than 24 months) is appropriate. Whenever employees are reassigned to an area where they will no longer be covered by medical surveillance and they have not been examined within the past 6 months. As soon as possible after an employee reports: Signs or symptoms of possible overexposure to hazardous substances or health hazards. Injury. Exposure above the permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels. At the termination of their employment unless they were examined within the past 6 months. |
| Incident-specific medical surveillance | Medical consultations and exams: As soon as possible following the incident or development of signs or symptoms. At additional times, if the physician determines follow-up is medically necessary. |
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You must:
Keep a record of:
Name and Social Security number of the employee receiving medical surveillance
Physicians' written opinions, recommended limitations, and results of examinations and tests
Any employee medical complaints regarding hazardous substance exposures
A copy of all information given to the examining physician (except a copy of this section).
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You must:
Make sure employees follow procedures in your emergency response plan to:
Recognize when an emergency response must be initiated
Notify employees, and others designated in your plan, of the release
Follow immediate emergency procedures
Prevent the incident from increasing in severity or to secure the operation.
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You must:
(1) Make sure a single individual, acting as the incident
commander (IC), is in charge of the site-specific incident
command system (ICS) and acts within their designated role and
training level.
| Note: | For multiemployer worksites: |
| The IC has responsibility for controlling emergency response operations at the site for all employers. | |
| Emergency response plans should be consistent in designating who assumes the IC position. | |
| ▪ If the first employee arriving at the scene is not trained as an IC (see Table 5, Training Requirements for Incident Commanders and Specialist Employees, WAC 296-307-70415), they may take control of the incident within their designated role and training level. |
(2) Make sure all employers' emergency responders and
their communications are coordinated and controlled by the IC.
| Note: | The IC may delegate tasks to subordinates (within their training level). |
(3) Make sure each employer at the scene has designated a representative to assist the IC.
(4) Establish security and control of the site as specified in your written emergency response plan.
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| Note: | The duties of skilled support personnel are described in Table 1, Roles and Duties of Emergency Responders. |
(1) Make sure that your skilled support personnel (including those employees who are not regularly employed by you) who could be exposed to on-scene hazards are given an initial briefing at the site before they participate in any emergency response. The initial briefing must include:
What chemical hazards are involved
What duties are to be performed
Instruction in the wearing of appropriate personal
protective equipment.
| Note: | Skilled support personnel do not need to comply with the other training requirements of this section. |
(2) Make sure the safety and health precautions given to your employees are also given to skilled support personnel.
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(1) Identify all hazardous substances and conditions present, within their training level, using site analysis and maximum exposure limits, when appropriate.
(2) Implement emergency response procedures appropriate to the hazardous substances and conditions present, such as:
Procedures that address the use of engineering controls, hazardous substance handling, and new technologies
Procedures that address decontamination
Procedures that address PPE
Procedures that limit the number of personnel to those who are actively performing emergency response operations, in areas where exposure could exist.
(3) Designate an incident safety officer (ISO).
Make sure the ISO demonstrates knowledge about operations being implemented at the emergency response site. They must:
Identify and evaluate hazards
Communicate with the IC about hazards, immediately informing the IC of corrective actions that must be taken when conditions are judged to be:
▪ An imminent danger
OR
▪ Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).
Provide direction about the safety of operations.
[]
You must:
Make sure operations and tasks (including limited actions) in danger areas are conducted using the buddy system in teams of two or more.
Definition:
Danger areas are areas where conditions pose a serious danger to employees, such as areas where:
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) conditions could exist.
OR
High levels of exposure to toxic substances could exist.
OR
There is a potential for exceeding the lower explosive limit (LEL), also known as the lower flammability limit (LFL) of a hazardous substance.
[]
You must:
(1) Provide stand-by employees equipped with the same
level of personal protective equipment (PPE) as the entrants,
for assistance or rescue.
| Note: | The buddy system applies to stand-by employees (WAC 296-307-70450). |
| One of the two stand-by employees can be assigned to another task provided it does not interfere with the performance of the stand-by role. | |
| Rescue equipment should be selected and provided based on the types of rescue situations that could occur. |
(2) Make sure employees trained in first aid are readily
available with necessary medical equipment and have a way to
transport the injured.
| Note: | Employers who require their employees to provide first aid must comply with the bloodborne pathogen rule, chapter 296-823 WAC. |
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| Note: | Only properly trained employees should select PPE. Hazardous materials technicians and hazardous materials specialists can select PPE within the competencies specified in Table 4. |
| Selection requirements in other PPE rules also apply, including: | |
| Chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5, Respirators. | |
| Chapter 296-305 WAC, Safety standards for fire fighting. |
Provide employees with appropriate PPE and make sure it is used if hazards could be present.
Select PPE (such as respirators, gloves, protective suits and other PPE) based on:
An evaluation of the performance characteristics (such as breakthrough time and hazardous substance-specificity of the material or item) relevant to the requirements and limitations of the site.
Task-specific conditions and durations.
The hazards and potential hazards of the site (see Table 9, Selecting PPE for Specific Hazards).
Select totally encapsulating chemical protective (TECP) suits, as specified in Table 9, that:
Maintain positive air pressure.
Prevent inward test gas leakage of more than 0.5
percent.
| Note: | Follow the manufacturer's recommended procedure for testing a TECP suit's ability to maintain positive air pressure and prevent inward gas leakage. Other established test protocols for these suits, for example NFPA 1991 and ASTM F1052-97, may also be used. |
| Table 9 Selecting PPE for Specific Hazards |
|
| If: | Then use: |
| Inhalation hazards could be present. | Positive-pressure (pressure-demand) self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA) OR A decreased level of respiratory protection only when the incident commander determines, from air monitoring results, that employees will be adequately protected. |
| Chemical exposure levels will create a substantial
possibility of: Immediate death. Immediate serious illness or injury. Reduced ability to escape. |
Either positive-pressure (pressure-demand): SCBA Air-line respirators equipped with an escape air supply. |
| Skin absorption of a hazardous substance may result in
a substantial possibility of: Immediate death. Immediate serious illness or injury. Reduced ability to escape. |
Protection equivalent to Level A including a totally encapsulating chemical protective (TECP) suit. |
[]
You must:
Control hazards created by the use of PPE, including:
Heat stress due to extremely high temperatures.
Any other employee health hazard and consideration.
[]
You must:
(1) Make sure employees inspect PPE before, during and after use, following your plan's procedures.
(2) Make sure employees put on (don) and remove (doff) PPE following your plan's procedures.
(3) Make sure employees do not interchange self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) air cylinders from different manufacturers, unless all of the following apply:
There is a life-saving emergency
You need a supplemental air supply
The cylinders are of the same capacity and pressure rating.
(4) Make sure compressed air cylinders used with SCBAs
meet the testing and service life requirements of the United
States Department of Transportation (USDOT). Search at:
http://www.dot.gov.
| Note: | You can also check with the cylinder manufacturers to obtain USDOT test and service life specifications. |
(5) Make sure PPE is maintained in a safe and reliable condition using your plan's procedures. PPE maintenance includes:
Decontamination
Cleaning
Inspection
Identification of damage or defects
Parts repair or replacement
Storage or disposal.
[]
IMPORTANT:
Postemergency response is the stage of the emergency response where the immediate threat from the release has been stabilized or eliminated, and cleanup of the site has started.
When cleanup is done by the employees who were part of the initial emergency response, the employees are not covered by this section (however, training, PPE and other requirements in WAC 296-307-70460 through 296-307-70470 apply to these employees).
You must:
(1) Follow Table 10 to determine which requirements apply to your postemergency response activities.
(2) Maintain clean-up equipment as specified in Table 10.
| Table 10 Rules that Apply to Postemergency Response Activities |
|
| When postemergency response cleanup is performed by employees who were not part of the initial emergency response and: | The following rules or requirements apply: |
| It is necessary to remove hazardous substances, health hazards and contaminated materials (example: Soil) from the site. | Chapter 296-843 WAC, Hazardous waste operations. |
| Cleanup is done on plant property using plant or
workplace employees AND It is not necessary to remove hazardous substances, health hazards and contaminated materials from the site. |
For training: WAC 296-307-35015 and 296-307-35018, Employee emergency action plans Chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-5, Respiratory protection WAC 296-307-550, Employer chemical hazard communication Other appropriate training requirements relevant to personal protective equipment (PPE) and decontamination For equipment: Make sure that all equipment used for clean-up work is serviced and inspected before use. |
[]
Annually
Any twelve-month cycle.
Buddy system
A system of organizing employees (who enter or stand by danger areas) into work groups, so each employee can be observed by at least one other member of the group. The purpose of this system is to provide rapid assistance to employees in an emergency.
Clean-up operation(s)
An operation where hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared up or, in any other manner, processed or handled with the goal of making the site safer for people or the environment.
Danger area
Areas where conditions pose a serious danger to employees, such as areas where:
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) conditions could exist
OR
High levels of exposure to toxic substances could exist
OR
There is a potential for exceeding the lower explosive limit (LEL), also known as the lower flammability limit (LFL), of a substance.
Decontamination
Removing hazardous substances from employees and their equipment so potential adverse health effects will not occur. Emergency response
An organized response to an anticipated release of a hazardous substance that is, or could become, an uncontrolled release.
Emergency response plan
A written plan that requires coordination between emergency response participants, and contains procedures, criteria, and other information that will be applied to emergency response operations. Each employer's plan should be compatible with local and state plans.
Engineering controls
Methods of controlling employee exposures by modifying the source or reducing the quantity of contaminants.
Hazardous materials team (HAZMAT team)
A group of employees who are expected to perform
responses to releases, or possible releases, of hazardous
substances for the purpose of control and stabilization. As a
result of their duties, HAZMAT team members may have close
contact with hazardous substances.
| Note: | A HAZMAT team may be a separate component of a fire brigade or fire department. |
Any of the following substances that could adversely affect an exposed employee's health or safety:
Substances defined under section 101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) or "Superfund" Act (visit: http://www.epa.gov)
Biological or other disease-causing agents released that could reasonably be expected to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations in a person or their offspring when the person:
Is directly exposed to the agent in the environment
Directly ingests, inhales, or assimilates the agent from the environment
Indirectly ingests the agent through a food chain
Substances listed by the United States Department of Transportation as hazardous materials under Title 49 (Transportation) in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 172, section 101 and appendices (visit: http://www.nara.gov and search for "List of CFR subjects")
Hazardous wastes as defined in this section.
Hazardous waste
A substance designated by chapter 173-303 WAC, Dangerous
waste regulations, department of ecology, as a dangerous waste
or an extremely hazardous waste and any waste fitting the
definition of "health hazard" in this section.
| Note: | For department of ecology regulations, visit: http://www.ecy.wa.gov. |
A chemical, a mixture of chemicals, or a pathogen for which there is statistically significant evidence, based on at least one study conducted according to established scientific principles, that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees.
The term "health hazard" includes stress due to temperature extremes and chemicals that are:
Carcinogens
Toxic or highly toxic agents
Reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, or neurotoxins
Agents acting on the hematopoietic system agents that damage lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. (Detailed definitions of these chemical terms can be found in the Safety and health core rules, WAC 296-307-550, chemical hazard communication.)
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)
Any atmospheric condition that would:
Cause an immediate threat to life
OR
Cause permanent or delayed adverse health effects
OR
Interfere with an employee's ability to escape.
Incident command system (ICS)
An organized approach to control and manage operations at an emergency response incident.
Incidental release
A release that can be safely controlled at the time of the release and does not have the potential to become an uncontrolled release.
| Note: | Example of a situation that results in an incidental release: |
| A tanker truck is receiving a load of hazardous liquid when a leak occurs. The driver knows the only hazard from the liquid is minor skin irritation. The employer has trained the driver on procedures and provided equipment to use for a release of this quantity. The driver puts on skin protection and stops the leak. A spill kit is used to contain, absorb, and pick up the spilled material for disposal. |
Action necessary to:
Secure an operation during emergency responses,
OR
Prevent an incident from increasing in severity.
Examples include shutting down processes and closing emergency valves.
Lines of authority
A preestablished ranking of individuals, qualified to assume a commanding role during an emergency response, noted in an emergency response plan and implemented during a response. This is most important when responders from multiple employers could participate in an emergency response.
Lower explosive limit (LEL)
See lower flammable limit (LFL).
Lower flammable limit (LFL)
The lowest concentration of a material that will propagate a flame. The LFL is usually expressed as a percent (by volume) of the material in air (or other oxidant).
Must
Must means mandatory.
Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
Means the established time-weighted-average (TWA) concentration or ceiling concentration of a contaminant that must not be exceeded.
The exposure, inhalation, or dermal permissible limit specified in chapter 296-307 WAC, Part Y-6, Respiratory hazards.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Protective items designed to be worn by the user to protect them against airborne, skin contact and other hazards. This includes items such as respiratory protection, protective suits, gloves, eye protection, etc.
Postemergency response
The stage of the emergency response where the immediate threat from the release has been stabilized or eliminated, and cleanup of the site has started.
Published exposure level
Exposure limits published in "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health" (DHHS publication #92-100, 1992).
If an exposure limit is not published by NIOSH, then
"published exposure level" means the exposure limits published
by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) in "TLVs and BEIs-Threshold Limit Values
for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents" (1999 edition).
| Note: | Additional exposure levels published by recognized organizations such as the American Industrial Hygiene Association are not required to be observed by this rule; however, they may be a useful resource when a hazardous substance is not covered by NIOSH and ACGIH publications. |
A spill, leak, or other type of hazardous substance discharge.
Uncontrolled release
A release where significant safety and health risks could be created. Releases of hazardous substances that are either incidental or could not create a safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion or chemical exposure) are not considered to be uncontrolled releases.
Examples of conditions that could create a significant safety
and health risk:
Large-quantity releases
Small releases that could be highly toxic
Airborne exposures that could exceed a WISHA permissible
exposure limit or a published exposure limit and employees are
not adequately trained or equipped to control the release.
Example of an uncontrolled release:
A forklift driver knocks over a container of a solvent-based liquid, releasing the contents onto the warehouse floor. The driver has been trained to recognize the vapor is flammable and moderately toxic when inhaled. The driver has not been trained or provided appropriate equipment to address this type of spill. In this situation, it is not safe for the driver to attempt a response. The driver needs to notify someone of the release so an emergency response can be initiated.
Workplace
A fixed facility
OR
A temporary location (such as a traffic corridor)
OR
Locations where employees respond to emergencies.
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