WSR 11-03-068

PERMANENT RULES

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH


[ Filed January 18, 2011, 9:24 a.m. , effective February 18, 2011 ]


     Effective Date of Rule: Thirty-one days after filing.

     Purpose: Chapter 246-221 WAC, Radiation protection standards; chapter 246-231 WAC, Packaging and transportation of radioactive material; and chapter 246-240 WAC, Radiation protection -- Medical use of radioactive material.

     The International Atomic Energy Agency has coordinated international agreements that resulted in new transportation requirements for radioactive material. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) amended federal regulations as a result of these agreements and made minor amendments to medical use of radioactive material regulations. Under the formal agreement between the governor of the state of Washington and the chairman of the NRC, the Washington state radiation control program is required to remain compatible with NRC regulations. These rules eliminate conflicts, duplications, and gaps between the NRC and Washington state's radiation control programs.

     Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amending WAC 246-221-290 Appendix A -- Annual limits on intake (ALI) and derived air concentrations (DAC) of radionuclides for occupational exposure; effluent concentrations; concentrations for release to sanitary sewerage, 246-231-035 Deliberate misconduct, 246-231-200 Appendix A -- Determination of A1 and A2, 246-240-001 Purpose and scope, 246-240-010 Definitions, 246-240-069 Training for radiation safety officer, 246-240-072 Training for an authorized medical physicist, 246-240-075 Training for an authorized nuclear pharmacist, 246-240-078 Training for experienced radiation safety officer, teletherapy or medical physicist, authorized user, and nuclear pharmacist, 246-240-154 Training for uptake, dilution, and excretion studies, 246-240-163 Training for imaging and localization studies, 246-240-210 Training for use of unsealed radioactive material for which a written directive is required, 246-240-213 Training for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 requiring a written directive in quantities less than or equal to 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries), 246-240-216 Training for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 requiring a written directive in quantities greater than 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries), 246-240-219 Training for the parenteral administration of unsealed radioactive material requiring a written directive, 246-240-278 Training for use of manual brachytherapy sources, 246-240-281 Training for ophthalmic use of strontium-90, and 246-240-399 Training for use of remote afterloader units, teletherapy units, and gamma stereotactic radiosurgery units.

     Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 70.98.050.

      Adopted under notice filed as WSR 10-14-098 on July 6, 2010.

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 18, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.

     Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0;      Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 0, Amended 18, Repealed 0.

     Date Adopted: January 18, 2011.

Mary C. Selecky

Secretary

OTS-2735.1


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 09-06-003, filed 2/18/09, effective 3/21/09)

WAC 246-221-290   Appendix A -- Annual limits on intake (ALI) and derived air concentrations (DAC) of radionuclides for occupational exposure; effluent concentrations; concentrations for release to sanitary sewerage.   For each radionuclide, Table I indicates the chemical form which is to be used for selecting the appropriate ALI or DAC value. The ALIs and DACs for inhalation are given for an aerosol with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 1 µm (micron) and for three classes (D,W,Y) of radioactive material, which refer to their retention (approximately days, weeks or years) in the pulmonary region of the lung. This classification applies to a range of clearance half-times for D if less than ten days, for W from ten to one hundred days, and for Y greater than one hundred days. Table II provides concentration limits for airborne and liquid effluents released to the general environment. Table III provides concentration limits for discharges to sanitary sewerage.


Note: The values in Tables I, II, and III are presented in the computer "E" notation. In this notation a value of 6E-02 represents a value of 6 x 10-2 or 0.06, 6E+2 represents 6 x 102 or 600, and 6E+0 represents 6 x 100 or 6.

     Table I "Occupational Values"


     Note that the columns in Table I of this appendix captioned "Oral Ingestion ALI," "Inhalation ALI," and "DAC," are applicable to occupational exposure to radioactive material.


     The ALIs in this appendix are the annual intakes of given radionuclide by "Reference Man" which would result in either: A committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem), stochastic ALI; or a committed dose equivalent of 0.5 Sv (50 rem) to an organ or tissue, nonstochastic ALI. The stochastic ALIs were derived to result in a risk, due to irradiation of organs and tissues, comparable to the risk associated with deep dose equivalent to the whole body of 0.05 Sv (5 rem). The derivation includes multiplying the committed dose equivalent to an organ or tissue by a weighting factor, wT. This weighting factor is the proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resulting from irradiation of the organ or tissue, T, to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is irradiated uniformly. The values of wT are listed under the definition of weighting factor in WAC 246-221-005. The nonstochastic ALIs were derived to avoid nonstochastic effects, such as prompt damage to tissue or reduction in organ function.


     A value of wT = 0.06 is applicable to each of the five organs or tissues in the "remainder" category receiving the highest dose equivalents, and the dose equivalents of all other remaining tissues may be disregarded. The following portions of the GI tract -- stomach, small intestine, upper large intestine, and lower large intestine -- are to be treated as four separate organs.


     Note that the dose equivalents for an extremity, elbows, arms below the elbows, feet and lower legs, knees, and legs below the knees, skin, and lens of the eye are not considered in computing the committed effective dose equivalent, but are subject to limits that must be met separately.


     When an ALI is defined by the stochastic dose limit, this value alone is given. When an ALI is determined by the non-stochastic dose limit to an organ, the organ or tissue to which the limit applies is shown, and the ALI for the stochastic limit is shown in parentheses. Abbreviated organ or tissue designations are used:


LLI wall = lower large intestine wall;
St. wall = stomach wall;
Blad wall = bladder wall; and
Bone surf = bone surface.

     The use of the ALIs listed first, the more limiting of the stochastic and nonstochastic ALIs, will ensure that nonstochastic effects are avoided and that the risk of stochastic effects is limited to an acceptably low value. If, in a particular situation involving a radionuclide for which the nonstochastic ALI is limiting, use of that nonstochastic ALI is considered unduly conservative, the licensee may use the stochastic ALI to determine the committed effective dose equivalent. However, the licensee shall also ensure that the 0.5 Sv (50 rem) dose equivalent limit for any organ or tissue is not exceeded by the sum of the external deep dose equivalent plus the internal committed dose equivalent to that organ, not the effective dose. For the case where there is no external dose contribution, this would be demonstrated if the sum of the fractions of the nonstochastic ALIs (ALIns) that contribute to the committed dose equivalent to the organ receiving the highest dose does not exceed unity, that is, ∑ (intake (in µCi) of each radionuclide/ALIns) ≤ 1.0. If there is an external deep dose equivalent contribution of Hd, then this sum must be less than 1 - (Hd/50), instead of ≤ 1.0.


     The derived air concentration (DAC) values are derived limits intended to control chronic occupational exposures. The relationship between the DAC and the ALI is given by:


DAC = ALI (in µCi)/(2000 hours per working year x 60 minutes/hour x 2 x 104 ml per minute) = [ALI/2.4 x 109] µCi/ml,
where 2 x 104 ml per minute is the volume of air breathed per minute at work by Reference Man under working conditions of light work.


     The DAC values relate to one of two modes of exposure: Either external submersion or the internal committed dose equivalents resulting from inhalation of radioactive materials. DACs based upon submersion are for immersion in a semi-infinite cloud of uniform concentration and apply to each radionuclide separately.


     The ALI and DAC values include contributions to exposure by the single radionuclide named and any in-growth of daughter radionuclides produced in the body by decay of the parent. However, intakes that include both the parent and daughter radionuclides should be treated by the general method appropriate for mixtures.


     The values of ALI and DAC do not apply directly when the individual both ingests and inhales a radionuclide, when the individual is exposed to a mixture of radionuclides by either inhalation or ingestion or both, or when the individual is exposed to both internal and external irradiation. See WAC 246-221-015. When an individual is exposed to radioactive materials which fall under several of the translocation classifications of the same radionuclide, such as, Class D, Class W, or Class Y, the exposure may be evaluated as if it were a mixture of different radionuclides.


     It should be noted that the classification of a compound as Class D, W, or Y is based on the chemical form of the compound and does not take into account the radiological half-life of different radionuclides. For this reason, values are given for Class D, W, and Y compounds, even for very short-lived radionuclides.


     Table II "Effluent Concentrations"


     The columns in Table II of this appendix captioned "Effluents," "Air" and "Water" are applicable to the assessment and control of dose to the public, particularly in the implementation of the provisions of WAC 246-221-070. The concentration values given in Columns 1 and 2 of Table II are equivalent to the radionuclide concentrations which, if inhaled or ingested continuously over the course of a year, would produce a total effective dose equivalent of 0.50 mSv (0.05 rem).


     Consideration of nonstochastic limits has not been included in deriving the air and water effluent concentration limits because nonstochastic effects are presumed not to occur at or below the dose levels established for individual members of the public. For radionuclides, where the nonstochastic limit was governing in deriving the occupational DAC, the stochastic ALI was used in deriving the corresponding airborne effluent limit in Table II. For this reason, the DAC and airborne effluent limits are not always proportional as was the case in the previous Appendix A of this chapter.


     The air concentration values listed in Table II, Column 1 were derived by one of two methods. For those radionuclides for which the stochastic limit is governing, the occupational stochastic inhalation ALI was divided by 2.4 x 109, relating the inhalation ALI to the DAC, as explained above, and then divided by a factor of three hundred. The factor of three hundred includes the following components: A factor of fifty to relate the 0.05 Sv (5 rem) annual occupational dose limit to the 1 mSv (0.1 rem) limit for members of the public, a factor of three to adjust for the difference in exposure time and the inhalation rate for a worker and that for members of the public; and a factor of two to adjust the occupational values, derived for adults, so that they are applicable to other age groups.


     For those radionuclides for which submersion, that is external dose, is limiting, the occupational DAC in Table I, Column 3 was divided by two hundred nineteen. The factor of two hundred nineteen is composed of a factor of fifty, as described above, and a factor of 4.38 relating occupational exposure for two thousand hours per year to full-time exposure (eight thousand seven hundred sixty hours per year). Note that an additional factor of two for age considerations is not warranted in the submersion case.


     The water concentrations were derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 x 107. The factor of 7.3 x 107 (ml) includes the following components: The factors of fifty and two described above and a factor of 7.3 x 105 (ml) which is the annual water intake of Reference Man.


     Note 2 of this appendix provides groupings of radionuclides which are applicable to unknown mixtures of radionuclides. These groupings, including occupational inhalation ALIs and DACs, air and water effluent concentrations and releases to sewer, require demonstrating that the most limiting radionuclides in successive classes are absent. The limit for the unknown mixture is defined when the presence of one of the listed radionuclides cannot be definitely excluded as being present either from knowledge of the radionuclide composition of the source or from actual measurements.


     Table III "Releases to Sewers"


     The monthly average concentrations for release to sanitary sewerage are applicable to the provisions in WAC 246-221-190. The concentration values were derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 x 106 (ml). The factor of 7.3 x 106 (ml) is composed of a factor of 7.3 x 105 (ml), the annual water intake by Reference Man, and a factor of ten, such that the concentrations, if the sewage released by the licensee were the only source of water ingested by a Reference Man during a year, would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 mSv (0.5 rem).

LIST OF ELEMENTS
Name Symbol Atomic

Number

Name Symbol Atomic

Number

Actinium Ac 89 Molybdenum Mo 42
Aluminum Al 13 Neodymium Nd 60
Americium Am 95 Neptunium Np 93
Antimony Sb 51 Nickel Ni 28
Argon Ar 18 Nitrogen N 7
Arsenic As 33 Niobium Nb 41
Astatine At 85 Osmium Os 76
Barium Ba 56 Oxygen O 8
Berkelium Bk 97 Palladium Pd 46
Beryllium Be 4 Phosphorus P 15
Bismuth Bi 83 Platinum Pt 78
Bromine Br 35 Plutonium Pu 94
Cadmium Cd 48 Polonium Po 84
Calcium Ca 20 Potassium K 19
Californium Cf 98 Praseodymium Pr 59
Carbon C 6 Promethium Pm 61
Cerium Ce 58 Protactinium Pa 91
Cesium Cs 55 Radium Ra 88
Chlorine Cl 17 Radon Rn 86
Chromium Cr 24 Rhenium Re 75
Cobalt Co 27 Rhodium Rh 45
Copper Cu 29 Rubidium Rb 37
Curium Cm 96 Ruthenium Ru 44
Dysprosium Dy 66 Samarium Sm 62
Einsteinium Es 99 Scandium Sc 21
Erbium Er 68 Selenium Se 34
Europium Eu 63 Silicon Si 14
Fermium Fm 100 Silver Ag 47
Fluorine F 9 Sodium Na 11
Francium Fr 87 Strontium Sr 38
Gadolinium Gd 64 Sulfur S 16
Gallium Ga 31 Tantalum Ta 73
Germanium Ge 32 Technetium Tc 43
Gold Au 79 Tellurium Te 52
Hafnium Hf 72 Terbium Tb 65
Holmium Ho 67 Thallium Tl 81
Hydrogen H 1 Thorium Th 90
Indium In 49 Thulium Tm 69
Iodine I 53 Tin Sn 50
Iridium Ir 77 Titanium Ti 22
Iron Fe 26 Tungsten W 74
Krypton Kr 36 Uranium U 92
Lanthanum La 57 Vanadium V 23
Lead Pb 82 Xenon Xe 54
Lutetium Lu 71 Ytterbium Yb 70
Magnesium Mg 12 Yttrium Y 39
Manganese Mn 25 Zinc Zn 30
Mendelevium Md 101 Zirconium Zr 40
Mercury Hg 80


Table 1

Occupational Values


Table II

Effluent

Concentration

Table III

Releases to

Sewers

Col. 1 Col. 2 Col. 3 Col. 1 Col. 2 Monthly

Average

Concen-

tration

Oral

Ingestion

Inhalation
Atomic No. Radionuclide Class ALI

µCi

ALI

µCi

DAC

µCi/ml

Air

µCi/ml

Water

µCi/ml

µCi/ml

1 Hydrogen-3 Water, DAC includes

skin absorption

8E+4

8E+4

2E-5

1E-7

1E-3

1E-2

Gas (HT or T2) Submersion1: Use above values as HT and T2 oxidize in air and in the body to HTO.
4 Beryllium-7 W, all compounds except those given for Y 4E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 6E-4 6E-3
Y, oxides, halides, and nitrates - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
4 Beryllium-10 W, see 7Be 1E+3 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 7Be - 1E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -
6 Carbon-112 Monoxide - 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 - -
Dioxide - 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 - -
Compounds 4E+5 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 6E-3 6E-2
6 Carbon-14 Monoxide - 2E+6 7E-4 2E-6 - -
Dioxide - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
Compounds 2E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 3E-5 3E-4
7 Nitrogen-132 Submersion1 - - 4E-6 2E-8 - -
8 Oxygen-152 Submersion1 - - 4E-6 2E-8 - -
9 Fluorine-182 D, fluorides of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr 5E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(5E+4)

- - - 7E-4 7E-3
W, fluorides of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl, As, Sb, Bi, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Tc, and Re

Y, lanthanum fluoride

-

-

9E+4

8E+4

4E-5

3E-5

1E-7

1E-7

-

-

-

-

11 Sodium-22 D, all compounds 4E+2 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 6E-6 6E-5
11 Sodium-24 D, all compounds 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 5E-5 5E-4
12 Magnesium-28 D, all compounds except those given for W 7E+2 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 9E-6 9E-5
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
13 Aluminum-26 D, all compounds except those given for W 4E+2 6E+1 3E-8 9E-11 6E-6 6E-5
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates - 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -
14 Silicon-31 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and nitrates

Y, aluminosilicate glass

-

-

3E+4

3E+4

1E-5

1E-5

5E-8

4E-8

-

-

-

-

14 Silicon-32 D, see 31Si 2E+3 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 31Si - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -
Y, see 31Si - 5E+0 2E-9 7E-12 - -
15 Phosphorus-32 D, all compounds except phosphates given for W 6E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 9E-6 9E-5
W, phosphates of Zn2+, S3+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Bi3+, and lanthanides - 4E+2 2E-7 5E-10 - -
15 Phosphorus-33 D, see 32P 6E+3 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 8E-5 8E-4
W, see 32P - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
16 Sulfur-35 Vapor - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
D, sulfides and sulfates except those given for W 1E+4 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
LLI wall (8E+3) - - - 1E-4 1E-3
W, elemental sulfur, sulfides of Sr, Ba, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, W, and Mo. Sulfates of Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, As, Sb, and Bi 6E+3

-

2E+3

9E-7

3E-9

-

-

17 Chlorine-36 D, chlorides of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr 2E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, chlorides of lantha- nides, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, and Re - 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -
17 Chlorine-382 D, see 36Cl 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 36Cl - 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
17 Chlorine-392 D, see 36Cl 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 36Cl - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
18 Argon-37 Submersion1 - - 1E+0 6E-3 - -
18 Argon-39 Submersion1 - - 2E-4 8E-7 - -
18 Argon-41 Submersion1 - - 3E-6 1E-8 - -
19 Potassium-40 D, all compounds 3E+2 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 4E-6 4E-5
19 Potassium-42 D, all compounds 5E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 6E-5 6E-4
19 Potassium-43 D, all compounds 6E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 9E-5 9E-4
19 Potassium-442 D, all compounds 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 5E-4 5E-3
19 Potassium-452 D, all compounds 3E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(5E+4)

- - - 7E-4 7E-3
20 Calcium-41 W, all compounds 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 - - -
Bone surf (4E+3) Bone surf (4E+3) - 5E-9 6E-5 6E-4
20 Calcium-45 W, all compounds 2E+3 8E+2 4E-7 1E-9 2E-5 2E-4
20 Calcium-47 W, all compounds 8E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 1E-5 1E-4
21 Scandium-43 Y, all compounds 7E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
21 Scandium-44m Y, all compounds 5E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5
21 Scandium-44 Y, all compounds 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 5E-5 5E-4
21 Scandium-46 Y, all compounds 9E+2 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 1E-5 1E-4
21 Scandium-47 Y, all compounds 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
21 Scandium-48 Y, all compounds 8E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
21 Scandium-492 Y, all compounds 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3
22 Titanium-44 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 3E+2 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 4E-6 4E-5
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates - 3E+1 1E-8 4E-11 - -
Y, SrTi0 - 6E+0 2E-9 8E-12 - -
22 Titanium-45 D, see 44Ti 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 44Ti - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
Y, see 44Ti - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
23 Vanadium-472 D, all compounds except those given for W 3E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and halides - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
23 Vanadium-48 D, see 47V 6E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 47V - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
23 Vanadium-49 D, see 47V 7E+4 3E+4 1E-5 - - -
LLI wall (9E+4) Bone surf (3E+4) - 5E-8 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 47V - 2E+4 8E-6 2E-8 - -
24 Chromium-48 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 6E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4
W, halides and nitrates - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
24 Chromium-492 D, see 48Cr 3E+4 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 48Cr - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
Y, see 48Cr - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
24 Chromium-51 D, see 48Cr 4E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 48Cr - 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -
Y, see 48Cr - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
25 Manganese-512 D, all compounds except those given for W 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates - 6E+4 3E-5 8E-8 - -
25 Manganese-52m2 D, see 51Mn 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 51Mn - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
25 Manganese-52 D, see 51Mn 7E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 51Mn - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
25 Manganese-53 D, see 51Mn 5E+4 1E+4 5E-6 - 7E-4 7E-3
- Bone surf (2E+4) - 3E-8 - -
W, see 51Mn - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
25 Manganese-54 D, see 51Mn 2E+3 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 51Mn - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
25 Manganese-56 D, see 51Mn 5E+3 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 51Mn - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
26 Iron-52 D, all compounds except those given for W 9E+2 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, oxides, hydroxides, and halides - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
26 Iron-55 D, see 52Fe 9E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 52Fe - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
26 Iron-59 D, see 52Fe 8E+2 3E+2 1E-7 5E-10 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 52Fe - 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -
26 Iron-60 D, see 52Fe 3E+1 6E+0 3E-9 9E-12 4E-7 4E-6
W, see 52Fe - 2E+1 8E-9 3E-11 - -
27 Cobalt-55 W, all compounds except those given for Y 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
27 Cobalt-56 W, see 55Co 5E+2 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 6E-6 6E-5
Y, see 55Co 4E+2 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 - -
27 Cobalt-57 W, see 55Co 8E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 6E-5 6E-4
Y, see 55Co 4E+3 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
27 Cobalt-58m W, see 55Co 6E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 8E-4 8E-3
Y, see 55Co - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
27 Cobalt-58 W, see 55Co 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 55Co 1E+3 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
27 Cobalt-60m2 W, see 55Co 1E+6 4E+6 2E-3 6E-6 - -
St wall

(1E+6)

- - - 2E-2 2E-1
Y, see 55Co - 3E+6 1E-3 4E-6 - -
27 Cobalt-60 W, see 55Co 5E+2 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 3E-6 3E-5
Y, see 55Co 2E+2 3E+1 1E-8 5E-11 - -
27 Cobalt-612 W, see 55Co 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
Y, see 55Co 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
27 Cobalt-62m2 W, see 55Co 4E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(5E+4)

- - - 7E-4 7E-3
Y, see 55Co - 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
28 Nickel-56 D, all compounds except those given for W 1E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, oxides, hydroxides, and carbides - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
Vapor - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
28 Nickel-57 D, see 56Ni 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 56Ni - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
Vapor - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
28 Nickel-59 D, see 56Ni 2E+4 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 56Ni - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
Vapor - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
28 Nickel-63 D, see 56Ni 9E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 56Ni - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
Vapor - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
28 Nickel-65 D, see 56Ni 8E+3 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 56Ni - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
Vapor - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
28 Nickel-66 D, see 56Ni 4E+2 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 6E-6 6E-5
W, see 56Ni - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
Vapor - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
29 Copper-602 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
W, sulfides, halides, and nitrates

-

1E+5

5E-5

2E-7

-

-

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
29 Copper-61 D, see 60Cu 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 60Cu - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
Y, see 60Cu - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
29 Copper-64 D, see 60Cu 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 60Cu - 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -
Y, see 60Cu - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
29 Copper-67 D, see 60Cu 5E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 6E-5 6E-4
W, see 60Cu - 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
Y, see 60Cu - 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
30 Zinc-62 Y, all compounds 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4
30 Zinc-632 Y, all compounds 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 3E-4 3E-3
30 Zinc-65 Y, all compounds 4E+2 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 5E-6 5E-5
30 Zinc-69m Y, all compounds 4E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 6E-5 6E-4
30 Zinc-692 Y, all compounds 6E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 8E-4 8E-3
30 Zinc-71m Y, all compounds 6E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4
30 Zinc-72 Y, all compounds 1E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
31 Gallium-652 D, all compounds excep those given for W 5E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 9E-4 9E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
31 Gallium-66 D, see 65Ga 1E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 65Ga - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
31 Gallium-67 D, see 65Ga 7E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 65Ga - 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 - -
31 Gallium-682 D, see 65Ga 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 65Ga - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
31 Gallium-702 D, see 65Ga 5E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(7E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 65Ga - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
31 Gallium-72 D, see 65Ga 1E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 65Ga - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
31 Gallium-73 D, see 65Ga 5E+3 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 65Ga - 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
32 Germanium-66 D, all compounds except those given for W 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, oxides, sulfides, and halides - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
32 Germanium-672 D, see 66Ge 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 6E-4 6E-3
W, see 66Ge - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
32 Germanium-68 D, see 66Ge 5E+3 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 6E-5 6E-4
W, see 66Ge - 1E+2 4E-8 1E-10 - -
32 Germanium-69 D, see 66Ge 1E+4 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 66Ge - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
32 Germanium-71 D, see 66Ge 5E+5 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 7E-3 7E-2
W, see 66Ge - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
32 Germanium-752 D, see 66Ge 4E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(7E+4)

- - - 9E-4 9E-3
W, see 66Ge - 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
32 Germanium-77 D, see 66Ge 9E+3 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 66Ge - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
32 Germanium-782 D, see 66Ge 2E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
St wall

(2E+4)

- - - 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 66Ge - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
33 Arsenic-692 W, all compounds 3E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 6E-4 6E-3
33 Arsenic-702 W, all compounds 1E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 2E-4 2E-3
33 Arsenic-71 W, all compounds 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 5E-5 5E-4
33 Arsenic-72 W, all compounds 9E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
33 Arsenic-73 W, all compounds 8E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 1E-4 1E-3
33 Arsenic-74 W, all compounds 1E+3 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 2E-5 2E-4
33 Arsenic-76 W, all compounds 1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
33 Arsenic-77 W, all compounds 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
LLI wall (5E+3) - - - 6E-5 6E-4
33 Arsenic-782 W, all compounds 8E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
34 Selenium-702 D, all compounds except those given for W 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and elemental Se 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
34 Selenium-73m2 D, see 70Se 6E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 70Se 3E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
34 Selenium-73 D, see 70Se 3E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 70Se - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
34 Selenium-75 D, see 70Se 5E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5
W, see 70Se - 6E+2 3E-7 8E-10 - -
34 Selenium-79 D, see 70Se 6E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 8E-6 8E-5
W, see 70Se - 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
34 Selenium-81m2 D, see 70Se 4E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 70Se 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
34 Selenium-812 D, see 70Se 6E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(8E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 70Se - 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
34 Selenium-832 D, see 70Se 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 70Se 3E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
35 Bromine-74m2 D, bromides of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -
St wall

(2E+4)

- - - 3E-4 3E-3
W, bromides of lantha- nides, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Tc, and Re - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
35 Bromine-742 D, see 74mBr 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 5E-45E-3 -
W, see 74mBr - 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
35 Bromine-752 D, see 74mBr 3E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 74mBr - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
35 Bromine-76 D, see 74mBr 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 5E-5 5E-4
W, see 74mBr - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
35 Bromine-77 D, see 74mBr 2E+4 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 74mBr - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
35 Bromine-80m D, see 74mBr 2E+4 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 74mBr - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
35 Bromine-802 D, see 74mBr 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(9E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 74mBr - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
35 Bromine-82 D, see 74mBr 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 74mBr - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -
35 Bromine-83 D, see 74mBr 5E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
St wall

(7E+4)

- - - 9E-4 9E-3
W, see 74mBr - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
35 Bromine-842 D, see 74mBr 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 74mBr - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
36 Krypton-742 Submersion1 - - 3E-6 1E-8 - -
36 Krypton-76 Submersion1 - - 9E-6 4E-8 - -
36 Krypton-772 Submersion1 - - 4E-6 2E-8 - -
36 Krypton-79 Submersion1 - - 2E-5 7E-8 - -
36 Krypton-81 Submersion1 - - 7E-4 3E-6 - -
36 Krypton-83m2 Submersion1 - - 1E-2 5E-5 - -
36 Krypton-85m Submersion1 - - 2E-5 1E-7 - -
36 Krypton-85 Submersion1 - - 1E-4 7E-7 - -
36 Krypton-872 Submersion1 - - 5E-6 2E-8 - -
36 Krypton-88 Submersion1 - - 2E-6 9E-9 - -
37 Rubidium-792 D, all compounds 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 8E-4 8E-3
37 Rubidium-81m2 D, all compounds 2E+5 3E+5 1E-4 5E-7 - -
St wall

(3E+5)

- - - 4E-3 4E-2
37 Rubidium-81 D, all compounds 4E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 5E-4 5E-3
37 Rubidium-82m D, all compounds 1E+4 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 2E-4 2E-3
37 Rubidium-83 D, all compounds 6E+2 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 9E-6 9E-5
37 Rubidium-84 D, all compounds 5E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5
37 Rubidium-86 D, all compounds 5E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5
37 Rubidium-87 D, all compounds 1E+3 2E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
37 Rubidium-882 D, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
37 Rubidium-892 D, all compounds 4E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 9E-4 9E-3
38 Strontium-802 D, all soluble compound except SrTiO 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4
Y, all insoluble compounds and SrTi0 - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
38 Strontium-812 D, see 80Sr 3E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
Y, see 80Sr 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
38 Strontium-82 D, see 80Sr 3E+2 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -
LLI wall (2E+2) - - - 3E-6 3E-5
Y, see 80Sr 2E+2 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -
38 Strontium-83 D, see 80Sr 3E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 80Sr 2E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
38 Strontium-85m2 D, see 80Sr 2E+5 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 3E-3 3E-2
Y, see 80Sr - 8E+5 4E-4 1E-6 - -
38 Strontium-85 D, see 80Sr 3E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 4E-5 4E-4
Y, see 80Sr - 2E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
38 Strontium-87m D, see 80Sr 5E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 6E-4 6E-3
Y, see 80Sr 4E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
38 Strontium-89 D, see 80Sr 6E+2 8E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 8E-6 8E-5
Y, see 80Sr 5E+2 1E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
38 Strontium-90 D, see 80Sr 3E+1 2E+1 8E-9 - - -
Bone surf (4E+1) Bone surf (2E+1) - 3E-11 5E-7 5E-6
Y, see 80Sr - 4E+0 2E-9 6E-12 - -
38 Strontium-91 D, see 80Sr 2E+3 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 80Sr - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
38 Strontium-92 D, see 80Sr 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
Y, see 80Sr - 7E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
39 Yttrium-86m2 W, all compounds except those given for Y 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
39 Yttrium-86 W, see 86mY 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 86mY - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
39 Yttrium-87 W, see 86mY 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 86mY - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
39 Yttrium-88 W, see 86mY 1E+3 3E+2 1E-7 3E-10 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 86mY - 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -
39 Yttrium-90m W, see 86mY 8E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3
Y, see 86mY - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
39 Yttrium-90 W, see 86mY 4E+2 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 7E-6 7E-5
Y, see 86mY - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
39 Yttrium-91m2 W, see 86mY 1E+5 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 2E-3 2E-2
Y, see 86mY - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
39 Yttrium-91 W, see 86mY 5E+2 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -
LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 8E-6 8E-5
Y, see 86mY - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -
39 Yttrium-92 W, see 86mY 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
Y, see 86mY - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
39 Yttrium-93 W, see 86mY 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 86mY - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
39 Yttrium-942 W, see 86mY 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
Y, see 86mY - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
39 Yttrium-952 W, see 86mY 4E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(5E+4)

- - - 7E-4 7E-3
Y, see 86mY - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
40 Zirconium-86 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 1E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
Y, carbide - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
40 Zirconium-88 D, see 86Zr 4E+3 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 5E-5 5E-4
W, see 86Zr - 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -
Y, see 86Zr - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
40 Zirconium-89 D, see 86Zr 2E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 86Zr - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
Y, see 86Zr - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
40 Zirconium-93 D, see 86Zr 1E+3 6E+0 3E-9 - - -
Bone surf (3E+3) Bone surf (2E+1) - 2E-11 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 86Zr - 2E+1 1E-8 - - -
- Bone surf (6E+1) - 9E-11 - -
Y, see 86Zr - 6E+1 2E-8 - - -
- Bone surf (7E+1) - 9E-11 - -
40 Zirconium-95 D, see 86Zr 1E+3 1E+2 5E-8 - 2E-5 2E-4
- Bone surf (3E+2) - 4E-10 - -
W, see 86Zr - 4E+2 2E-7 5E-10 - -
Y, see 86Zr - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
40 Zirconium-97 D, see 86Zr 6E+2 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 86Zr - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, see 86Zr - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
41 Niobium-882 W, all compounds except those given for Y 5E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(7E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
41 Niobium-892

(66 min)

W, see 88Nb 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 1E-4 1E-3
Y, see 88Nb - 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -
41 Niobium-89

(122 min)

W, see 88Nb 5E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 7E-5 7E-4
Y, see 88Nb - 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
41 Niobium-90 W, see 88Nb 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 88Nb - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
41 Niobium-93m W, see 88Nb 9E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+4) - - - 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 88Nb - 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -
41 Niobium-94 W, see 88Nb 9E+2 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 88Nb - 2E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -
41 Niobium-95m W, see 88Nb 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 88Nb - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
41 Niobium-95 W, see 88Nb 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 88Nb - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
41 Niobium-96 W, see 88Nb 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 88Nb - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
41 Niobium-972 W, see 88Nb 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
Y, see 88Nb - 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
41 Niobium-982 W, see 88Nb 1E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 88Nb - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
42 Molybdenum-90 D, all compounds except those given for Y 4E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and MoS

2E+3

5E+3

2E-6

6E-9

-

-

42 Molybdenum-93m D, see 90Mo 9E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4
Y, see 90Mo 4E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
42 Molybdenum-93 D, see 90Mo 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 5E-5 5E-4
Y, see 90Mo 2E+4 2E+2 8E-8 2E-10 - -
42 Molybdenum-99 D, see 90Mo 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 90Mo 1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
42 Molybdenum-1012 D, see 90Mo 4E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(5E+4)

- - - 7E-4 7E-3
Y, see 90Mo - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
43 Technetium-93m2 D, all compounds except those given for W 7E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 1E-3 1E-2
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
43 Technetium-93 D, see 93mTc 3E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 93mTc - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
43 Technetium-94m2 D, see 93mTc 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 93mTc - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
43 Technetium-94 D, see 93mTc 9E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 93mTc - 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -
43 Technetium-95m D, see 93mTc 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 5E-5 5E-4
W, see 93mTc - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
43 Technetium-95 D, see 93mTc 1E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 93mTc - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
43 Technetium-96m2 D, see 93mTc 2E+5 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 2E-3 2E-2
W, see 93mTc - 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
43 Technetium-96 D, see 93mTc 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 93mTc - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
43 Technetium-97m D, see 93mTc 5E+3 7E+3 3E-6 - 6E-5 6E-4
- St wall

(7E+3)

- 1E-8 - -
W, see 93mTc - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
43 Technetium-97 D, see 93mTc 4E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 93mTc - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
43 Technetium-98 D, see 93mTc 1E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 93mTc - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
43 Technetium-99m D, see 93mTc 8E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 93mTc - 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
43 Technetium-99 D, see 93mTc 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 - 6E-5 6E-4
- St wall

(6E+3)

- 8E-9 - -
W, see 93mTc - 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
43 Technetium-1012 D, see 93mTc 9E+4 3E+5 1E-4 5E-7 - -
St wall

(1E+5)

- - - 2E-3 2E-2
W, see 93mTc - 4E+5 2E-4 5E-7 - -
43 Technetium-1042 D, see 93mTc 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 93mTc - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
44 Ruthenium-942 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, halides - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
44 Ruthenium-97 D, see 94Ru 8E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 94Ru - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
Y, see 94Ru - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
44 Ruthenium-103 D, see 94Ru 2E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 94Ru - 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 - -
Y, see 94Ru - 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
44 Ruthenium-105 D, see 94Ru 5E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 94Ru - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
Y, see 94Ru - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
44 Ruthenium-106 D, see 94Ru 2E+2 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -
LLI wall (2E+2) - - - 3E-6 3E-5
W, see 94Ru - 5E+1 2E-8 8E-11 - -
Y, see 94Ru - 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 - -
45 Rhodium-99m D, all compounds except those given for W and Y

2E+4

6E+4

2E-5

8E-8

2E-4

2E-3

W, halides - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
45 Rhodium-99 D, see 99mRh 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 99mRh - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
45 Rhodium-100 D, see 99mRh 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 99mRh - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -
45 Rhodium-101m D, see 99mRh 6E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4
W, see 99mRh - 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
45 Rhodium-101 D, see 99mRh 2E+3 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 99mRh - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
45 Rhodium-102m D, see 99mRh 1E+3 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 99mRh - 4E+2 2E-7 5E-10 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -
45 Rhodium-102 D, see 99mRh 6E+2 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 8E-6 8E-5
W, see 99mRh - 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 6E+1 2E-8 8E-11 - -
45 Rhodium-103m2 D, see 99mRh 4E+5 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 6E-3 6E-2
W, see 99mRh - 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 1E+6 5E-4 2E-6 - -
45 Rhodium-105 D, see 99mRh 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 5E-5 5E-4
W, see 99mRh - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
45 Rhodium-106m D, see 99mRh 8E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 99mRh - 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
45 Rhodium-1072 D, see 99mRh 7E+4 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
St wall

(9E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 99mRh - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
Y, see 99mRh - 3E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
46 Palladium-100 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, nitrates - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
46 Palladium-101 D, see 100Pd 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 100Pd - 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
Y, see 100Pd - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
46 Palladium-103 D, see 100Pd 6E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
LLI wall (7E+3) - - - 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 100Pd - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
Y, see 100Pd - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
46 Palladium-107 D, see 100Pd 3E+4 2E+4 9E-6 - - -
LLI wall (4E+4) Kidneys (2E+4) - 3E-8 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 100Pd - 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
Y, see 100Pd - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -
46 Palladium-109 D, see 100Pd 2E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 100Pd - 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
Y, see 100Pd - 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
47 Silver-1022 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 9E-4 9E-3
W, nitrates and sulfides - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
47 Silver-1032 D, see 102Ag 4E+4 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 102Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
47 Silver-104m2 D, see 102Ag 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 102Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
47 Silver-1042 D, see 102Ag 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 102Ag - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
47 Silver-105 D, see 102Ag 3E+3 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 102Ag - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
47 Silver-106m D, see 102Ag 8E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 102Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
47 Silver-1062 D, see 102Ag 6E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St. wall

(6E+4)

- - - 9E-4 9E-3
W, see 102Ag - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
47 Silver-108m D, see 102Ag 6E+2 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 102Ag - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 2E+1 1E-8 3E-11 - -
47 Silver-110m D, see 102Ag 5E+2 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 6E-6 6E-5
W, see 102Ag - 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 - -
47 Silver-111 D, see 102Ag 9E+2 2E+3 6E-7 - - -
LLI wall (1E+3) Liver

(2E+3)

- 2E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 102Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
47 Silver-112 D, see 102Ag 3E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 102Ag - 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
47 Silver-1152 D, see 102Ag 3E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 102Ag - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
Y, see 102Ag - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
48 Cadmium-1042 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, sulfides, halides, and nitrates

-

1E+5

5E-5

2E-7

-

-

Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
48 Cadmium-107 D, see 104Cd 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 104Cd - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
48 Cadmium-109 D, see 104Cd 3E+2 4E+1 1E-8 - - -
Kidneys (4E+2) Kidneys (5E+1) - 7E-11 6E-6 6E-5
W, see 104Cd - 1E+2 5E-8 - - -
- Kidneys (1E+2) - 2E-10 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -
48 Cadmium-113m D, see 104Cd 2E+1 2E+0 1E-9 - - -
Kidneys (4E+1) Kidneys (4E+0) - 5E-12 5E-7 5E-6
W, see 104Cd - 8E+0 4E-9 - - -
- Kidneys (1E+1) - 2E-11 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 - -
48 Cadmium-113 D, see 104Cd 2E+1 2E+0 9E-10 - - -
Kidneys (3E+1) Kidneys (3E+0) - 5E-12 4E-7 4E-6
W, see 104Cd - 8E+0 3E-9 - - -
- Kidneys (1E+1) - 2E-11 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 1E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -
48 Cadmium-115m D, see 104Cd 3E+2 5E+1 2E-8 - 4E-6 4E-5

-

Kidneys (8E+1)

-

1E-10

-

-

W, see 104Cd - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 1E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
48 Cadmium-115 D, see 104Cd 9E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 104Cd - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
48 Cadmium-117m D, see 104Cd 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4
W, see 104Cd - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
48 Cadmium-117 D, see 104Cd 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4
W, see 104Cd - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
Y, see 104Cd - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
49 Indium-109 D, all compounds except those given for W 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
49 Indium-1102 D, see 109In 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
(69.1 min) W, see 109In - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
49 Indium-110 D, see 109In 5E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
(4.9 h) W, see 109In - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
49 Indium-111 D, see 109In 4E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 6E-5 6E-4
W, see 109In - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
49 Indium-1122 D, see 109In 2E+5 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 2E-3 2E-2
W, see 109In - 7E+5 3E-4 1E-6 - -
49 Indium-113m2 D, see 109In 5E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 7E-4 7E-3
W, see 109In - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
49 Indium-114m D, see 109In 3E+2 6E+1 3E-8 9E-11 - -
LLI wall (4E+2) - - - 5E-6 5E-5
W, see 109In - 1E+2 4E-8 1E-10 - -
49 Indium-115m D, see 109In 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 109In - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
49 Indium-115 D, see 109In 4E+1 1E+0 6E-10 2E-12 5E-7 5E-6
W, see 109In - 5E+0 2E-9 8E-12 - -
49 Indium-116m2 D, see 109In 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 109In - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
49 Indium-117m2 D, see 109In 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 109In - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
49 Indium-1172 D, see 109In 6E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 8E-4 8E-3
W, see 109In - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
49 Indium-119m2 D, see 109In 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(5E+4)

- - - 7E-4 7E-3
W, see 109In - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
50 Tin-110 D, all compounds except those given for W 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 5E-5 5E-4
W, sulfides, oxides, hydroxides, halides, nitrates, and stannic phosphate - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
50 Tin-1112 D, see 110Sn 7E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 110Sn - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
50 Tin-113 D, see 110Sn 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 110Sn - 5E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
50 Tin-117m D, see 110Sn 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 - - -
LLI wall (2E+3) Bone surf (2E+3) - 3E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 110Sn - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
50 Tin-119m D, see 110Sn 3E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 6E-5 6E-4
W, see 110Sn - 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 - -
50 Tin-121m D, see 110Sn 3E+3 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 5E-5 5E-4
W, see 110Sn - 5E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
50 Tin-121 D, see 110Sn 6E+3 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
LLI wall (6E+3) - - - 8E-5 8E-4
W, see 110Sn - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
50 Tin-123m2 D, see 110Sn 5E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 7E-4 7E-3
W, see 110Sn - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
50 Tin-123 D, see 110Sn 5E+2 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 110Sn - 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -
50 Tin-125 D, see 110Sn 4E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 6E-6 6E-5
W, see 110Sn - 4E+2 1E-7 5E-10 - -
50 Tin-126 D, see 110Sn 3E+2 6E+1 2E-8 8E-11 4E-6 4E-5
W, see 110Sn - 7E+1 3E-8 9E-11 - -
50 Tin-127 D, see 110Sn 7E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 9E-5 9E-4
W, see 110Sn - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
50 Tin-1282 D, see 110Sn 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 110Sn - 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
51 Antimony-1152 D, all compounds except those given for W

8E+4

2E+5

1E-4

3E-7

1E-3

1E-2

W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, sulfides, sulfates, and nitrates

-

3E+5

1E-4

4E-7

-

-

51 Antimony-116m2 D, see 115Sb 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 115Sb - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
51 Antimony-1162 D, see 115Sb 7E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
St wall

(9E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 115Sb - 3E+5 1E-4 5E-7 - -
51 Antimony-117 D, see 115Sb 7E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 9E-4 9E-3
W, see 115Sb - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
51 Antimony-118m D, see 115Sb 6E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 115Sb 5E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
51 Antimony-119 D, see 115Sb 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 115Sb 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
51 Antimony-1202 D, see 115Sb 1E+5 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 - -
(16 min) St wall (2E+5) - - - 2E-3 2E-2
W, see 115Sb - 5E+5 2E-4 7E-7 - -
51 Antimony-120

(5.76 d)

D, see 115Sb 1E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 115Sb 9E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
51 Antimony-122 D, see 115Sb 8E+2 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (8E+2) - - - 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 115Sb 7E+2 1E+3 4E-7 2E-9 - -
51 Antimony-124m2 D, see 115Sb 3E+5 8E+5 4E-4 1E-6 3E-3 3E-2
W, see 115Sb 2E+5 6E+5 2E-4 8E-7 - -
51 Antimony-124 D, see 115Sb 6E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5
W, see 115Sb 5E+2 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -
51 Antimony-125 D, see 115Sb 2E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 115Sb - 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -
51 Antimony-126m2 D, see 115Sb 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(7E+4)

- - - 9E-4 9E-3
W, see 115Sb - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
51 Antimony-126 D, see 115Sb 6E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 7E-6 7E-5
W, see 115Sb 5E+2 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -
51 Antimony-127 D, see 115Sb 8E+2 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (8E+2) - - - 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 115Sb 7E+2 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
51 Antimony-1282 D, see 115Sb 8E+4 4E+5 2E-4 5E-7 - -
(10.4 min) St wall

(1E+5)

-

-

-

1E-3

1E-2

W, see 115Sb - 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 - -
51 Antimony-128 D, see 115Sb 1E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 2E-5 2E-4
(9.01 h) W, see 115Sb - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
51 Antimony-129 D, see 115Sb 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 115Sb - 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
51 Antimony-1302 D, see 115Sb 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 115Sb - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
51 Antimony-1312 D, see 115Sb 1E+4 2E+4 1E-5 - - -
Thyroid (2E+4) Thyroid (4E+4) - 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 115Sb - 2E+4 1E-5 - -
- Thyroid (4E+4) - 6E-8 - -
52 Tellurium-116 D, all compounds except those given for W 8E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, and nitrates - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
52 Tellurium-121m D, see 116Te 5E+2 2E+2 8E-8 - - -
Bone surf (7E+2) Bone surf (4E+2) - 5E-10 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 116Te - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -
52 Tellurium-121 D, see 116Te 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 116Te - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
52 Tellurium-123m D, see 116Te 6E+2 2E+2 9E-8 - - -
Bone surf (1E+3) Bone surf (5E+2) - 8E-10 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 116Te - 5E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
52 Tellurium-123 D, see 116Te 5E+2 2E+2 8E-8 - - -
Bone surf (1E+3) Bone surf (5E+2) - 7E-10 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 116Te - 4E+2 2E-7 - - -
- Bone surf (1E+3) - 2E-9 - -
52 Tellurium-125m D, see 116Te 1E+3 4E+2 2E-7 - - -
Bone surf (1E+3) Bone surf (1E+3) - 1E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 116Te - 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
52 Tellurium-127m D, see 116Te 6E+2 3E+2 1E-7 - 9E-6 9E-5
- Bone surf (4E+2) - 6E-10 - -
W, see 116Te - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
52 Tellurium-127 D, see 116Te 7E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 116Te - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
52 Tellurium-129m D, see 116Te 5E+2 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 7E-6 7E-5
W, see 116Te - 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 - -
52 Tellurium-1292 D, see 116Te 3E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 116Te - 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
52 Tellurium-131m D, see 116Te 3E+2 4E+2 2E-7 - - -
Thyroid (6E+2) Thyroid (1E+3) - 2E-9 8E-6 8E-5
W, see 116Te - 4E+2 2E-7 - - -
- Thyroid (9E+2) - 1E-9 - -
52 Tellurium-1312 D, see 116Te 3E+3 5E+3 2E-6 - - -
Thyroid (6E+3) Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4
W, see 116Te - 5E+3 2E-6 - - -
- Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 - -
52 Tellurium-132 D, see 116Te 2E+2 2E+2 9E-8 - - -
Thyroid (7E+2) Thyroid (8E+2) - 1E-9 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 116Te - 2E+2 9E-8 - - -
- Thyroid (6E+2) - 9E-10 - -
52 Tellurium-133m2 D, see 116Te 3E+3 5E+3 2E-6 - - -
Thyroid (6E+3) Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 9E-5 9E-4
W, see 116Te - 5E+3 2E-6 - - -
- Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 - -
52 Tellurium-1332 D, see 116Te 1E+4 2E+4 9E-6 - - -
Thyroid (3E+4) Thyroid (6E+4) - 8E-8 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 116Te - 2E+4 9E-6 - - -
- Thyroid (6E+4) - 8E-8 - -
52 Tellurium-1342 D, see 116Te 2E+4 2E+4 1E-5 - - -
Thyroid (2E+4) Thyroid (5E+4) - 7E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 116Te - 2E+4 1E-5 - - -
Thyroid
- (5E+4) - 7E-8 - -
53 Iodine-120m2 D, all compounds 1E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
Thyroid (1E+4) - - - 2E-4 2E-3
53 Iodine-1202 D, all compounds 4E+3 9E+3 4E-6 - - -
Thyroid (8E+3) Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3
53 Iodine-121 D, all compounds 1E+4 2E+4 8E-6 - - -
Thyroid (3E+4) Thyroid (5E+4) - 7E-8 4E-4 4E-3
53 Iodine-123 D, all compounds 3E+3 6E+3 3E-6 - - -
Thyroid (1E+4) Thyroid (2E+4) - 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3
53 Iodine-124 D, all compounds 5E+1 8E+1 3E-8 - - -
Thyroid (2E+2) Thyroid (3E+2) - 4E-10 2E-6 2E-5
53 Iodine-125 D, all compounds 4E+1 6E+1 3E-8 - - -
Thyroid (1E+2) Thyroid

(2E+2)

- 3E-10 2E-6 2E-5
53 Iodine-126 D, all compounds 2E+1 4E+1 1E-8 - - -
Thyroid (7E+1) Thyroid (1E+2) - 2E-10 1E-6 1E-5
53 Iodine-1282 D, all compounds 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 8E-4 8E-3
53 Iodine-129 D, all compounds 5E+0 9E+0 4E-9 - - -
Thyroid (2E+1) Thyroid (3E+1) - 4E-11 2E-7 2E-6
53 Iodine-130 D, all compounds 4E+2 7E+2 3E-7 - - -
Thyroid (1E+3) Thyroid (2E+3) - 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
53 Iodine-131 D, all compounds 3E+1 5E+1 2E-8 - - -
Thyroid (9E+1) Thyroid (2E+2) - 2E-10 1E-6 1E-5
53 Iodine-132m2 D, all compounds 4E+3 8E+3 4E-6 - - -
Thyroid (1E+4) Thyroid (2E+4) - 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
53 Iodine-132 D, all compounds 4E+3 8E+3 3E-6 - - -
Thyroid (9E+3) Thyroid (1E+4) - 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3
53 Iodine-133 D, all compounds 1E+2 3E+2 1E-7 - - -
Thyroid (5E+2) Thyroid (9E+2) - 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5
53 Iodine-1342 D, all compounds 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
Thyroid (3E+4) - - - 4E-4 4E-3
53 Iodine-135 D, all compounds 8E+2 2E+3 7E-7 - - -
Thyroid (3E+3) Thyroid (4E+3) - 6E-9 3E-5 3E-4
54 Xenon-1202 Submersion1 - - 1E-5 4E-8 - -
54 Xenon-1212 Submersion1 - - 2E-6 1E-8 - -
54 Xenon-122 Submersion1 - - 7E-5 3E-7 - -
54 Xenon-123 Submersion1 - - 6E-6 3E-8 - -
54 Xenon-125 Submersion1 - - 2E-5 7E-8 - -
54 Xenon-127 Submersion1 - - 1E-5 6E-8 - -
54 Xenon-129m Submersion1 - - 2E-4 9E-7 - -
54 Xenon-131m Submersion1 - - 4E-4 2E-6 - -
54 Xenon-133m Submersion1 - - 1E-4 6E-7 - -
54 Xenon-133 Submersion1 - - 1E-4 5E-7 - -
54 Xenon-135m2 Submersion1 - - 9E-6 4E-8 - -
54 Xenon-135 Submersion1 - - 1E-5 7E-8 - -
54 Xenon-1382 Submersion1 - - 4E-6 2E-8 - -
55 Cesium-1252 D, all compounds 5E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(9E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
55 Cesium-127 D, all compounds 6E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 9E-4 9E-3
55 Cesium-129 D, all compounds 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 3E-4 3E-3
55 Cesium-1302 D, all compounds 6E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(1E+5)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
55 Cesium-131 D, all compounds 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 3E-4 3E-3
55 Cesium-132 D, all compounds 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 4E-5 4E-4
55 Cesium-134m D, all compounds 1E+5 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(1E+5)

- - - 2E-3 2E-2
55 Cesium-134 D, all compounds 7E+1 1E+2 4E-8 2E-10 9E-7 9E-6
55 Cesium-135m2 D, all compounds 1E+5 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 1E-3 1E-2
55 Cesium-135 D, all compounds 7E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
55 Cesium-136 D, all compounds 4E+2 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 6E-6 6E-5
55 Cesium-137 D, all compounds 1E+2 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 1E-6 1E-5
55 Cesium-1382 D, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
56 Barium-1262 D, all compounds 6E+3 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4
56 Barium-128 D, all compounds 5E+2 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 7E-6 7E-5
56 Barium-131m2 D, all compounds 4E+5 1E+6 6E-4 2E-6 - -
St wall

(5E+5)

- - - 7E-3 7E-2
56 Barium-131 D, all compounds 3E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
56 Barium-133m D, all compounds 2E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
56 Barium-133 D, all compounds 2E+3 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 2E-5 2E-4
56 Barium-135m D, all compounds 3E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 4E-5 4E-4
56 Barium-1392 D, all compounds 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3
56 Barium-140 D, all compounds 5E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 8E-6 8E-5
56 Barium-1412 D, all compounds 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
56 Barium-1422 D, all compounds 5E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 7E-4 7E-3
57 Lanthanum-1312 D, all compounds except those given for W 5E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 6E-4 6E-3
W, oxides and hydroxides - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
57 Lanthanum-132 D, see 131La 3E+3 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 131La - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
57 Lanthanum-135 D, see 131La 4E+4 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 131La - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
57 Lanthanum-137 D, see 131La 1E+4 6E+1 3E-8 - 2E-4 2E-3
- Liver

(7E+1)

- 1E-10 - -
W, see 131La - 3E+2 1E-7 - - -
- Liver

(3E+2)

- 4E-10 - -
57 Lanthanum-138 D, see 131La 9E+2 4E+0 1E-9 5E-12 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 131La - 1E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -
57 Lanthanum-140 D, see 131La 6E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 131La - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
57 Lanthanum-141 D, see 131La 4E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 5E-5 5E-4
W, see 131La - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
57 Lanthanum-1422 D, see 131La 8E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 131La - 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
57 Lanthanum-1432 D, see 131La 4E+4 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 131La - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
58 Cerium-134 W, all compounds except those given for Y 5E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 8E-6 8E-5
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides - 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
58 Cerium-135 W, see 134Ce 2E+3 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 134Ce - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
58 Cerium-137m W, see 134Ce 2E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 134Ce - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -
58 Cerium-137 W, see 134Ce 5E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 7E-4 7E-3
Y, see 134Ce - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
58 Cerium-139 W, see 134Ce 5E+3 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-5 7E-4
Y, see 134Ce - 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
58 Cerium-141 W, see 134Ce 2E+3 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 134Ce - 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
58 Cerium-143 W, see 134Ce 1E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 134Ce - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
58 Cerium-144 W, see 134Ce 2E+2 3E+1 1E-8 4E-11 - -
LLI wall (3E+2) - - - 3E-6 3E-5
Y, see 134Ce - 1E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -
59 Praseodymium-1362 W, all compounds except those given for Y 5E+4 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
St wall
(7E+4) - - - 1E-3 1E-2
Y, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and fluorides - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
59 Praseodymium-1372 W, see 136Pr 4E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 5E-4 5E-3
Y, see 136Pr - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
59 Praseodymium-138m W, see 136Pr 1E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 1E-4 1E-3
Y, see 136Pr - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
59 Praseodymium-139 W, see 136Pr 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 6E-4 6E-3
Y, see 136Pr - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
59 Praseodymium-142m2 W, see 136Pr 8E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 1E-3 1E-2
Y, see 136Pr - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
59 Praseodymium-142 W, see 136Pr 1E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 136Pr - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
59 Praseodymium-143 W, see 136Pr 9E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 136Pr - 7E+2 3E-7 9E-10 - -
59 Praseodymium-1442 W, see 136Pr 3E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 6E-4 6E-3
Y, see 136Pr - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
59 Praseodymium-145 W, see 136Pr 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
Y, see 136Pr - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
59 Praseodymium-1472 W, see 136Pr 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(8E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
Y, see 136Pr - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
60 Neodymium-1362 W, all compounds except those given for Y 1E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 2E-4 2E-3
Y, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and fluorides - 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
60 Neodymium-138 W, see 136Nd 2E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 136Nd - 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
60 Neodymium-139m W, see 136Nd 5E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
Y, see 136Nd - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
60 Neodymium-1392 W, see 136Nd 9E+4 3E+5 1E-4 5E-7 1E-3 1E-2
Y, see 136Nd - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
60 Neodymium-141 W, see 136Nd 2E+5 7E+5 3E-4 1E-6 2E-3 2E-2
Y, see 136Nd - 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 - -
60 Neodymium-147 W, see 136Nd 1E+3 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 136Nd - 8E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
60 Neodymium-1492 W, see 136Nd 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
Y, see 136Nd - 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -
60 Neodymium-1512 W, see 136Nd 7E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 9E-4 9E-3
Y, see 136Nd - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
61 Promethium-1412 W, all compounds except those given for Y 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 8E-4 8E-3
Y, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and fluorides - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
61 Promethium-143 W, see 141Pm 5E+3 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 7E-5 7E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
61 Promethium-144 W, see 141Pm 1E+3 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -
61 Promethium-145 W, see 141Pm 1E+4 2E+2 7E-8 - 1E-4 1E-3
- Bone surf (2E+2) - 3E-10 - -
Y, see 141Pm - 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 - -
61 Promethium-146 W, see 141Pm 2E+3 5E+1 2E-8 7E-11 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 4E+1 2E-8 6E-11 - -
61 Promethium-147 W, see 141Pm 4E+3 1E+2 5E-8 - - -
LLI wall (5E+3) Bone surf (2E+2) - 3E-10 7E-5 7E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 1E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
61 Promethium-148m W, see 141Pm 7E+2 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 3E+2 1E-7 5E-10 - -
61 Promethium-148 W, see 141Pm 4E+2 5E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 7E-6 7E-5
Y, see 141Pm - 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 - -
61 Promethium-149 W, see 141Pm 1E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 2E+3 8E-7 2E-9 - -
61 Promethium-150 W, see 141Pm 5E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 7E-5 7E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
61 Promethium-151 W, see 141Pm 2E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 141Pm - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
62 Samarium-141m2 W, all compounds 3E+4 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
62 Samarium-1412 W, all compounds 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 8E-4 8E-3
62 Samarium-1422 W, all compounds 8E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
62 Samarium-145 W, all compounds 6E+3 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 8E-5 8E-4
62 Samarium-146 W, all compounds 1E+1 4E-2 1E-11 - - -
Bone surf (3E+1) Bone surf (6E-2) - 9E-14 3E-7 3E-6
62 Samarium-147 W, all compounds 2E+1 4E-2 2E-11 - - -
Bone surf (3E+1) Bone surf (7E-2) - 1E-13 4E-7 4E-6
62 Samarium-151 W, all compounds 1E+4 1E+2 4E-8 - - -
LLI wall (1E+4) Bone surf (2E+2) - 2E-10 2E-4 2E-3
62 Samarium-153 W, all compounds 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
62 Samarium-1552 W, all compounds 6E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(8E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
62 Samarium-156 W, all compounds 5E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 7E-5 7E-4
63 Europium-145 W, all compounds 2E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
63 Europium-146 W, all compounds 1E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
63 Europium-147 W, all compounds 3E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 4E-5 4E-4
63 Europium-148 W, all compounds 1E+3 4E+2 1E-7 5E-10 1E-5 1E-4
63 Europium-149 W, all compounds 1E+4 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-4 2E-3
63 Europium-150

(12.62h)

W, all compounds 3E+3 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
63 Europium-150

(34.2 y)

W, all compounds 8E+2 2E+1 8E-9 3E-11 1E-5 1E-4
63 Europium-152m W, all compounds 3E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 4E-5 4E-4
63 Europium-152 W, all compounds 8E+2 2E+1 1E-8 3E-11 1E-5 1E-4
63 Europium-154 W, all compounds 5E+2 2E+1 8E-9 3E-11 7E-6 7E-5
63 Europium-155 W, all compounds 4E+3 9E+1 4E-8 - 5E-5 5E-4
- Bone surf (1E+2) - 2E-10 - -
63 Europium-156 W, all compounds 6E+2 5E+2 2E-7 6E-10 8E-6 8E-5
63 Europium-157 W, all compounds 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 3E-5 3E-4
63 Europium-1582 W, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3
64 Gadolinium-1452 D, all compounds except those given for W 5E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall
(5E+4) - - - 6E-4 6E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
64 Gadolinium-146 D, see 145Gd 1E+3 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 145Gd - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
64 Gadolinium-147 D, see 145Gd 2E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 145Gd - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
64 Gadolinium-148 D, see 145Gd 1E+1 8E+3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf (2E+1) Bone surf (2E+2) - 2E-14 3E-7 3E-6
W, see 145Gd - 3E-2 1E-11 - - -
- Bone surf (6E-2) - 8E-14 - -
64 Gadolinium-149 D, see 145Gd 3E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 145Gd - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
64 Gadolinium-151 D, see 145Gd 6E+3 4E+2 2E-7 - 9E-5 9E-4
- Bone surf (6E+2) - 9E-10 - -
W, see 145Gd - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
64 Gadolinium-152 D, see 145Gd 2E+1 1E-2 4E-12 - - -
Bone surf (3E+1) Bone surf (2E-2) - 3E-14 4E-7 4E-6
W, see 145Gd - 4E-2 2E-11 - - -
- Bone surf (8E-2) - 1E-13 - -
64 Gadolinium-153 D, see 145Gd 5E+3 1E+2 6E-8 - 6E-5 6E-4
- Bone surf (2E+2) - 3E-10 - -
W, see 145Gd - 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
64 Gadolinium-159 D, see 145Gd 3E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 145Gd - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
65 Terbium-1472 W, all compounds 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 1E-4 1E-3
65 Terbium-149 W, all compounds 5E+3 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-5 7E-4
65 Terbium-150 W, all compounds 5E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 7E-5 7E-4
65 Terbium-151 W, all compounds 4E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 5E-5 5E-4
65 Terbium-153 W, all compounds 5E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 7E-5 7E-4
65 Terbium-154 W, all compounds 2E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 2E-5 2E-4
65 Terbium-155 W, all compounds 6E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 8E-5 8E-4
65 Terbium-156m

(5.0 h)

W, all compounds 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3
65 Terbium-156m

(24.4 h)

W, all compounds 7E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 1E-4 1E-3
65 Terbium-156 W, all compounds 1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
65 Terbium-157 W, all compounds 5E+4 3E+2 1E-7 - - -
LLI wall (5E+4) Bone surf (6E+2) - 8E-10 7E-4 7E-3
65 Terbium-158 W, all compounds 1E+3 2E+1 8E-9 3E-11 2E-5 2E-4
65 Terbium-160 W, all compounds 8E+2 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 1E-5 1E-4
65 Terbium-161 W, all compounds 2E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
66 Dysprosium-155 W, all compounds 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
66 Dysprosium-157 W, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
66 Dysprosium-159 W, all compounds 1E+4 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 2E-4 2E-3
66 Dysprosium-165 W, all compounds 1E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
66 Dysprosium-166 W, all compounds 6E+2 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (8E+2) - - - 1E-5 1E-4
67 Holmium-1552 W, all compounds 4E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 6E-4 6E-3
67 Holmium-1572 W, all compounds 3E+5 1E+6 6E-4 2E-6 4E-3 4E-2
67 Holmium-1592 W, all compounds 2E+5 1E+6 4E-4 1E-6 3E-3 3E-2
67 Holmium-161 W, all compounds 1E+5 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 1E-3 1E-2
67 Holmium-162m2 W, all compounds 5E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 7E-4 7E-3
67 Holmium-1622 W, all compounds 5E+5 2E+6 1E-3 3E-6 - -
St wall

(8E+5)

- - - 1E-2 1E-1
67 Holmium-164m2 W, all compounds 1E+5 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 1E-3 1E-2
67 Holmium-1642 W, all compounds 2E+5 6E+5 3E-4 9E-7 - -
St wall

(2E+5)

- - - 3E-3 3E-2
67 Holmium-166m W, all compounds 6E+2 7E+0 3E-9 9E-12 9E-6 9E-5
67 Holmium-166 W, all compounds 9E+2 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (9E+2) - - - 1E-5 1E-4
67 Holmium-167 W, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 2E-4 2E-3
68 Erbium-161 W, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 2E-4 2E-3
68 Erbium-165 W, all compounds 6E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 9E-4 9E-3
68 Erbium-169 W, all compounds 3E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 5E-5 5E-4
68 Erbium-171 W, all compounds 4E+3 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 5E-5 5E-4
68 Erbium-172 W, all compounds 1E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
69 Thulium-1622 W, all compounds 7E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
St wall

(7E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
69 Thulium-166 W, all compounds 4E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4
69 Thulium-167 W, all compounds 2E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
69 Thulium-170 W, all compounds 8E+2 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 1E-5 1E-4
69 Thulium-171 W, all compounds 1E+4 3E+2 1E-7 - - -
LLI wall (1E+4) Bone surf (6E+2)

-

8E-10

2E-4

2E-3

69 Thulium-172 W, all compounds 7E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (8E+2) - - - 1E-5 1E-4
69 Thulium-173 W, all compounds 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4
69 Thulium-1752 W, all compounds 7E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
St wall

(9E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
70 Ytterbium-1622 W, all compounds except those given for Y 7E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 1E-3 1E-2
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
70 Ytterbium-166 W, see 162Yb 1E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 162Yb - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
70 Ytterbium-1672 W, see 162Yb 3E+5 8E+5 3E-4 1E-6 4E-3 4E-2
Y, see 162Yb - 7E+5 3E-4 1E-6 - -
70 Ytterbium-169 W, see 162Yb 2E+3 8E+2 4E-7 1E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 162Yb - 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
70 Ytterbium-175 W, see 162Yb 3E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
Y, see 162Yb - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
70 Ytterbium-1772 W, see 162Yb 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 162Yb - 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
70 Ytterbium-1782 W, see 162Yb 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 162Yb - 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -
71 Lutetium-169 W, all compounds except those given for Y 3E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 3E-5 3E-4
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
71 Lutetium-170 W, see 169Lu 1E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
71 Lutetium-171 W, see 169Lu 2E+3 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
71 Lutetium-172 W, see 169Lu 1E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 169Lu - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
71 Lutetium-173 W, see 169Lu 5E+3 3E+2 1E-7 - 7E-5 7E-4
- Bone surf (5E+2) - 6E-10 - -
Y, see 169Lu - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
71 Lutetium-174m W, see 169Lu 2E+3 2E+2 1E-7 - - -
LLI wall (3E+3) Bone surf (3E+2) - 5E-10 4E-5 4E-4
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 - -
71 Lutetium-174 W, see 169Lu 5E+3 1E+2 5E-8 - 7E-5 7E-4
- Bone surf (2E+2) - 3E-10 - -
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
71 Lutetium-176m W, see 169Lu 8E+3 3E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
71 Lutetium-176 W, see 169Lu 7E+2 5E+0 2E-9 - 1E-5 1E-4
- Bone surf (1E+1) - 2E-11 - -
Y, see 169Lu - 8E+0 3E-9 1E-11 - -
71 Lutetium-177m W, see 169Lu 7E+2 1E+2 5E-8 - 1E-5 1E-4
- Bone surf (1E+2) - 2E-10 - -
Y, see 169Lu - 8E+1 3E-8 1E-10 - -
71 Lutetium-177 W, see 169Lu 2E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
71 Lutetium-178m2 W, see 169Lu 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St. wall

(6E+4)

- - - 8E-4 8E-3
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
71 Lutetium-1782 W, see 169Lu 4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 6E-4 6E-3
Y, see 169Lu - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
71 Lutetium-179 W, see 169Lu 6E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 9E-5 9E-4
Y, see 169Lu - 2E+4 6E-6 3E-8 - -
72 Hafnium-170 D, all compounds except those given for W 3E+3 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 4E-5 4E-4
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and nitrates - 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
72 Hafnium-172 D, see 170Hf 1E+3 9E+0 4E-9 - 2E-5 2E-4
- Bone surf (2E+1) - 3E-11 - -
W, see 170Hf - 4E+1 2E-8 - - -
- Bone surf (6E+1) - 8E-11 - -
72 Hafnium-173 D, see 170Hf 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 170Hf - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
72 Hafnium-175 D, see 170Hf 3E+3 9E+2 4E-7 - 4E-5 4E-4
- Bone surf (1E+3) - 1E-9 - -
W, see 170Hf - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
72 Hafnium-177m2 D, see 170Hf 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 170Hf - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
72 Hafnium-178m D, see 170Hf 3E+2 1E+0 5E-10 - 3E-6 3E-5
- Bone surf (2E+0) - 3E-12 - -
W, see 170Hf - 5E+0 2E-9 - - -
- Bone surf (9E+0) - 1E-11 - -
72 Hafnium-179m D, see 170Hf 1E+3 3E+2 1E-7 - 1E-5 1E-4
- Bone surf (6E+2) - 8E-10 - -
W, see 170Hf - 6E+2 3E-7 8E-10 - -
72 Hafnium-180m D, see 170Hf 7E+3 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 170Hf - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
72 Hafnium-181 D, see 170Hf 1E+3 2E+2 7E-8 - 2E-5 2E-4
- Bone surf (4E+2) - 6E-10 - -
W, see 170Hf - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -
72 Hafnium-182m2 D, see 170Hf 4E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 5E-4 5E-3
W, see 170Hf - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
72 Hafnium-182 D, see 170Hf 2E+2 8E-1 3E-10 - - -
Bone surf (4E+2) Bone surf (2E+0) - 2E-12 5E-6 5E-5
W, see 170Hf - 3E+0 1E-9 - - -
- Bone surf (7E+0) - 1E-11 - -
72 Hafnium-1832 D, see 170Hf 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 170Hf - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
72 Hafnium-184 D, see 170Hf 2E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 170Hf - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
73 Tantalum-1722 W, all compounds except

those given for Y

4E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 5E-4 5E-3
Y, elemental Ta, oxides,

hydroxides, halides,

carbides, nitrates,

and nitrides

- 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
73 Tantalum-173 W, see 172Ta 7E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 9E-5 9E-4
Y, see 172Ta - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
73 Tantalum-1742 W, see 172Ta 3E+4 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
Y, see 172Ta - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
73 Tantalum-175 W, see 172Ta 6E+3 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4
Y, see 172Ta - 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
73 Tantalum-176 W, see 172Ta 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 5E-5 5E-4
Y, see 172Ta - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
73 Tantalum-177 W, see 172Ta 1E+4 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 172Ta - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
73 Tantalum-178 W, see 172Ta 2E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 172Ta - 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
73 Tantalum-179 W, see 172Ta 2E+4 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 3E-4 3E-3
Y, see 172Ta - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
73 Tantalum-180m W, see 172Ta 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
Y, see 172Ta - 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 - -
73 Tantalum-180 W, see 172Ta 1E+3 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 172Ta - 2E+1 1E-8 3E-11 - -
73 Tantalum-182m2 W, see 172Ta 2E+5 5E+5 2E-4 8E-7 - -
St wall

(2E+5)

- - - 3E-3 3E-2
Y, see 172Ta - 4E+5 2E-4 6E-7 - -
73 Tantalum-182 W, see 172Ta 8E+2 3E+2 1E-7 5E-10 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 172Ta - 1E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
73 Tantalum-183 W, see 172Ta 9E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (1E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 172Ta - 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 - -
73 Tantalum-184 W, see 172Ta 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 172Ta - 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
73 Tantalum-1852 W, see 172Ta 3E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
Y, see 172Ta - 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 - -
73 Tantalum-1862 W, see 172Ta 5E+4 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
St wall (7E+4) - - - 1E-3 1E-2
Y, see 172Ta - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
74 Tungsten-176 D, all compounds 1E+4 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 1E-4 1E-3
74 Tungsten-177 D, all compounds 2E+4 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
74 Tungsten-178 D, all compounds 5E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 7E-5 7E-4
74 Tungsten-1792 D, all compounds 5E+5 2E+6 7E-4 2E-6 7E-3 7E-2
74 Tungsten-181 D, all compounds 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3
74 Tungsten-185 D, all compounds 2E+3 7E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
74 Tungsten-187 D, all compounds 2E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4
74 Tungsten-188 D, all compounds 4E+2 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
LLI wall (5E+2) - - - 7E-6 7E-5
75 Rhenium-1772 D, all compounds except those given for W 9E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
St wall

(1E+5)

- - - 2E-3 2E-2
W, oxides, hydroxides, and nitrates - 4E+5 1E-4 5E-7 - -
75 Rhenium-1782 D, see 177Re 7E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
St wall

(1E+5)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 177Re - 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 - -
75 Rhenium-181 D, see 177Re 5E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 177Re - 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
75 Rhenium-182 D, see 177Re 7E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 9E-5 9E-4
(12.7 h) W, see 177Re - 2E+4 6E-6 2E-8 - -
75 Rhenium-182 D, see 177Re 1E+3 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
(64.0 h) W, see 177Re - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
75 Rhenium-184m D, see 177Re 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 177Re - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -
75 Rhenium-184 D, see 177Re 2E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 177Re - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
75 Rhenium-186m D, see 177Re 1E+3 2E+3 7E-7 - - -
St wall

(2E+3)

St wall

(2E+3)

- 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 177Re - 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
75 Rhenium-186 D, see 177Re 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 177Re - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
75 Rhenium-187 D, see 177Re 6E+5 8E+5 4E-4 - 8E-3 8E-2
- St wall

(9E+5)

- 1E-6 - -
W, see 177Re - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
75 Rhenium-188m2 D, see 177Re 8E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 177Re - 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
75 Rhenium-188 D, see 177Re 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 177Re - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
75 Rhenium-189 D, see 177Re 3E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 177Re - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
76 Osmium-1802 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 1E+5 4E+5 2E-4 5E-7 1E-3 1E-2
W, halides and nitrates - 5E+5 2E-4 7E-7 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 5E+5 2E-4 6E-7 - -
76 Osmium-1812 D, see 180Os 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 180Os - 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
Y, see 180Os - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
76 Osmium-182 D, see 180Os 2E+3 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 180Os - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
Y, see 180Os - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
76 Osmium-185 D, see 180Os 2E+3 5E+2 2E-7 7E-10 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 180Os - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
Y, see 180Os - 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
76 Osmium-189m D, see 180Os 8E+4 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 180Os - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
Y, see 180Os - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
76 Osmium-191m D, see 180Os 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 180Os - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
Y, see 180Os - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
76 Osmium-191 D, see 180Os 2E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 180Os - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, see 180Os - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
76 Osmium-193 D, see 180Os 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 180Os - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
Y, see 180Os - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
76 Osmium-194 D, see 180Os 4E+2 4E+1 2E-8 6E-11 - -
LLI wall (6E+2) - - - 8E-6 8E-5
W, see 180Os - 6E+1 2E-8 8E-11 - -
Y, see 180Os - 8E+0 3E-9 1E-11 - -
77 Iridium-1822 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 4E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(4E+4)

- - - 6E-4 6E-3
W, halides, nitrates, and metallic iridium - 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 - -
77 Iridium-184 D, see 182Ir 8E+3 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 182Ir - 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
77 Iridium-185 D, see 182Ir 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 182Ir - 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 - -
77 Iridium-186 D, see 182Ir 2E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 182Ir - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
77 Iridium-187 D, see 182Ir 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 182Ir - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
77 Iridium-188 D, see 182Ir 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 182Ir - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
77 Iridium-189 D, see 182Ir 5E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
LLI wall (5E+3) - - - 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 182Ir - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 - -
77 Iridium-190m2 D, see 182Ir 2E+5 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 2E-3 2E-2
W, see 182Ir - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
77 Iridium-190 D, see 182Ir 1E+3 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 182Ir - 1E+3 4E-7 1E-9 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
77 Iridium-192m D, see 182Ir 3E+3 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 182Ir - 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 2E+1 6E-9 2E-11 - -
77 Iridium-192 D, see 182Ir 9E+2 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 182Ir - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 - -
77 Iridium-194m D, see 182Ir 6E+2 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 182Ir - 2E+2 7E-8 2E-10 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 1E+2 4E-8 1E-10 - -
77 Iridium-194 D, see 182Ir 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 182Ir - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
77 Iridium-195m D, see 182Ir 8E+3 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 182Ir - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
77 Iridium-195 D, see 182Ir 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 182Ir - 5E+4 2E-5 7E-8 - -
Y, see 182Ir - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
78 Platinum-186 D, all compounds 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3
78 Platinum-188 D, all compounds 2E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 2E-5 2E-4
78 Platinum-189 D, all compounds 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
78 Platinum-191 D, all compounds 4E+3 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 5E-5 5E-4
78 Platinum-193m D, all compounds 3E+3 6E+3 3E-6 8E-9 - -
LLI wall (3E+4) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
78 Platinum-193 D, all compounds 4E+4 2E+4 1E-5 3E-8 - -
LLI wall (5E+4) - - - 6E-4 6E-3
78 Platinum-195m D, all compounds 2E+3 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
78 Platinum-197m2 D, all compounds 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
78 Platinum-197 D, all compounds 3E+3 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
78 Platinum-1992 D, all compounds 5E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 7E-4 7E-3
78 Platinum-200 D, all compounds 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
79 Gold-193 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, halides and nitrates - 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 - -
79 Gold-194 D, see 193Au 3E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 193Au - 5E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
Y, see 193Au - 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
79 Gold-195 D, see 193Au 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 193Au - 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, see 193Au - 4E+2 2E-7 6E-10 - -
79 Gold-198m D, see 193Au 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 193Au - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, see 193Au - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
79 Gold-198 D, see 193Au 1E+3 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 193Au - 2E+3 8E-7 3E-9 - -
Y, see 193Au - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
79 Gold-199 D, see 193Au 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
LLI wall (3E+3) - - - 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 193Au - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
Y, see 193Au - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -
79 Gold-200m D, see 193Au 1E+3 4E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 193Au - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
Y, see 193Au - 2E+4 1E-6 3E-9 - -
79 Gold-2002 D, see 193Au 3E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 4E-4 4E-3
W, see 193Au - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
Y, see 193Au - 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
79 Gold-2012 D, see 193Au 7E+4 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(9E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
W, see 193Au - 2E+5 1E-4 3E-7 - -
Y, see 193Au - 2E+5 9E-5 3E-7 - -
80 Mercury-193m Vapor - 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
Organic D 4E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 6E-5 6E-4
D, sulfates 3E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, nitrates, and sulfides - 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
80 Mercury-193 Vapor - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
Organic D 2E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
D, see 193mHg 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 193mHg - 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 - -
80 Mercury-194 Vapor - 3E+1 1E-8 4E-11 - -
Organic D 2E+1 3E+1 1E-8 4E-11 2E-7 2E-6
D, see 193mHg 8E+2 4E+1 2E-8 6E-11 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 193mHg - 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 - -
80 Mercury-195m Vapor - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
Organic D 3E+3 6E+3 3E-6 8E-9 4E-5 4E-4
D, see 193mHg 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 193mHg - 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 - -
80 Mercury-195 Vapor - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
Organic D 2E+4 5E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
D, see 193mHg 1E+4 4E+4 1E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 193mHg - 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 - -
80 Mercury-197m Vapor - 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
Organic D 4E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 5E-5 5E-4
D, see 193mHg 3E+3 7E+3 3E-6 1E-8 4E-5 4E-4
W, see 193mHg - 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 - -
80 Mercury-197 Vapor - 8E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
Organic D 7E+3 1E+4 6E-6 2E-8 9E-5 9E-4
D, see 193mHg 6E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 8E-5 8E-4
W, see 193mHg - 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 - -
80 Mercury-199m2 Vapor - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
Organic D 6E+4 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(1E+5)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
D, see 193mHg 6E+4 1E+5 6E-5 2E-7 8E-4 8E-3
W, see 193mHg - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
80 Mercury-203 Vapor - 8E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
Organic D 5E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 7E-6 7E-5
D, see 193mHg 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 193mHg - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
81 Thallium-194m2 D, all compounds 5E+4 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
St wall

(7E+4)

- - - 1E-3 1E-2
81 Thallium-1942 D, all compounds 3E+5 6E+5 2E-4 8E-7 - -
St wall

(3E+5)

- - - 4E-3 4E-2
81 Thallium-1952 D, all compounds 6E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 9E-4 9E-3
81 Thallium-197 D, all compounds 7E+4 1E+5 5E-5 2E-7 1E-3 1E-2
81 Thallium-198m2 D, all compounds 3E+4 5E+4 2E-5 8E-8 4E-4 4E-3
81 Thallium-198 D, all compounds 2E+4 3E+4 1E-5 5E-8 3E-4 3E-3
81 Thallium-199 D, all compounds 6E+4 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 9E-4 9E-3
81 Thallium-200 D, all compounds 8E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 1E-4 1E-3
81 Thallium-201 D, all compounds 2E+4 2E+4 9E-6 3E-8 2E-4 2E-3
81 Thallium-202 D, all compounds 4E+3 5E+3 2E-6 7E-9 5E-5 5E-4
81 Thallium-204 D, all compounds 2E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
82 Lead-195m2 D, all compounds 6E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 8E-4 8E-3
82 Lead-198 D, all compounds 3E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 4E-4 4E-3
82 Lead-1992 D, all compounds 2E+4 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
82 Lead-200 D, all compounds 3E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 4E-5 4E-4
82 Lead-201 D, all compounds 7E+3 2E+4 8E-6 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
82 Lead-202m D, all compounds 9E+3 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 1E-4 1E-3
82 Lead-202 D, all compounds 1E+2 5E+1 2E-8 7E-11 2E-6 2E-5
82 Lead-203 D, all compounds 5E+3 9E+3 4E-6 1E-8 7E-5 7E-4
82 Lead-205 D, all compounds 4E+3 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 5E-5 5E-4
82 Lead-209 D, all compounds 2E+4 6E+4 2E-5 8E-8 3E-4 3E-3
82 Lead-210 D, all compounds 6E-1 2E-1 1E-10 - - -
Bone surf (1E+0) Bone surf (4E-1) - 6E-13 1E-8 1E-7
82 Lead-2112 D, all compounds 1E+4 6E+2 3E-7 9E-10 2E-4 2E-3
82 Lead-212 D, all compounds 8E+1 3E+1 1E-8 5E-11 - -
Bone surf (1E+2) - - - 2E-6 2E-5
82 Lead-2142 D, all compounds 9E+3 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 1E-4 1E-3
83 Bismuth-2002 D, nitrates 3E+4 8E+4 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
W, all other compounds - 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 - -
83 Bismuth-2012 D, see 200Bi 1E+4 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 200Bi - 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -
83 Bismuth-2022 D, see 200Bi 1E+4 4E+4 2E-5 6E-8 2E-4 2E-3
W, see 200Bi - 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
83 Bismuth-203 D, see 200Bi 2E+3 7E+3 3E-6 9E-9 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 200Bi - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
83 Bismuth-205 D, see 200Bi 1E+3 3E+3 1E-6 3E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 200Bi - 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 - -
83 Bismuth-206 D, see 200Bi 6E+2 1E+3 6E-7 2E-9 9E-6 9E-5
W, see 200Bi - 9E+2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
83 Bismuth-207 D, see 200Bi 1E+3 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 1E-5 1E-4
W, see 200Bi - 4E+2 1E-7 5E-10 - -
83 Bismuth-210m D, see 200Bi 4E+1 5E+0 2E-9 - - -
Kidneys (6E+1) Kidneys (6E+0) - 9E-12 8E-7 8E-6
W, see 200Bi - 7E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
83 Bismuth-210 D, see 200Bi 8E+2 2E+2 1E-7 - 1E-5 1E-4
-

-

Kidneys (4E+2) - 5E-10 - -
W, see 200Bi - 3E+1 1E-8 4E-11 - -
83 Bismuth-2122 D, see 200Bi 5E+3 2E+2 1E-7 3E-10 7E-5 7E-4
W, see 200Bi - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
83 Bismuth-2132 D, see 200Bi 7E+3 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 200Bi - 4E+2 1E-7 5E-10 - -
83 Bismuth-2142 D, see 200Bi 2E+4 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
St wall

(2E+4)

- - - 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 200Bi - 9E-2 4E-7 1E-9 - -
84 Polonium-2032 D, all compounds except those given for W 3E+4 6E+4 3E-5 9E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, oxides, hydroxides, and nitrates - 9E+4 4E-5 1E-7 - -
84 Polonium-2052 D, see 203Po 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 3E-4 3E-3
W, see 203Po - 7E+4 3E-5 1E-7 - -
84 Polonium-207 D, see 203Po 8E+3 3E+4 1E-5 3E-8 1E-4 1E-3
W, see 203Po - 3E+4 1E-5 4E-8 - -
84 Polonium-210 D, see 203Po 3E+0 6E-1 3E-10 9E-13 4E-8 4E-7
W, see 203Po - 6E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
85 Astatine-2072 D, halides 6E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 8E-5 8E-4
W - 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
85 Astatine-211 D, halides 1E+2 8E+1 3E-8 1E-10 2E-6 2E-5
W - 5E+1 2E-8 8E-11 - -
86 Radon-220 With daughters removed - 2E+4 7E-6 2E-8 - -
With daughters present - 2E+1 9E-9 3E-11 - -
(or 12 working level months) (or 1.0 working level)
86 Radon-222 With daughters removed - 1E+4 4E-6 1E-8 - -
With daughters present - 1E+2 3E-8 1E-10 - -
(or 4 working level months) (or 0.33 working level)
87 Francium-2222 D, all compounds 2E+3 5E+2 2E-7 6E-10 3E-5 3E-4
87 Francium-2232 D, all compounds 6E+2 8E+2 3E-7 1E-9 8E-6 8E-5
88 Radium-223 W, all compounds 5E+0 7E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
Bone surf (9E+0) - - - 1E-7 1E-6
88 Radium-224 W, all compounds 8E+0 2E+0 7E-10 2E-12 - -
Bone surf (2E+1) - - - 2E-7 2E-6
88 Radium-225 W, all compounds 8E+0 7E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
Bone surf (2E+1) - - - 2E-7 2E-6
88 Radium-226 W, all compounds 2E+0 6E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
Bone surf (5E+0) - - - 6E-8 6E-7
88 Radium-2272 W, all compounds 2E+4 1E+4 6E-6 - - -
Bone surf (2E+4) Bone surf (2E+4) - 3E-8 3E-4 3E-3
88 Radium-228 W, all compounds 2E+0 1E+0 5E-10 2E-12 - -
Bone surf (4E+0) - - - 6E-8 6E-7
89 Actinium-224 D, all compounds except those given for W and Y 2E+3 3E+1 1E-8 - - -
LLI wall (2E+3) Bone surf (4E+1) - 5E-11 3E-5 3E-4
W, halides and nitrates - 5E+1 2E-8 7E-11 - -
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 5E+1 2E-8 6E-11 - -
89 Actinium-225 D, see 224Ac 5E+1 3E-1 1E-10 - - -
LLI wall (5E+1) Bone surf (5E-1) - 7E-13 7E-7 7E-6
W, see 224Ac - 6E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
Y, see 224Ac - 6E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
89 Actinium-226 D, see 224Ac 1E+2 3E+0 1E-9 - - -
LLI wall (1E+2) Bone surf (4E+0) - 5E-12 2E-6 2E-5
W, see 224Ac - 5E+0 2E-9 7E-12 - -
Y, see 224Ac - 5E+0 2E-9 6E-12 - -
89 Actinium-227 D, see 224Ac 2E-1 4E-4 2E-13 - - -
Bone surf (4E-1) Bone surf (8E-4) - 1E-15 5E-9 5E-8
W, see 224Ac - 2E-3 7E-13 - - -
- Bone surf (3E-3) - 4E-15 - -
Y, see 224Ac - 4E-3 2E-12 6E-15 - -
89 Actinium-228 D, see 224Ac 2E+3 9E+0 4E-9 - 3E-5 3E-4
- Bone surf (2E+1) - 2E-11 - -
W, see 224Ac - 4E+1 2E-8 - - -
Bone surf
- (6E+1) - 8E-11 - -
Y, see 224Ac - 4E+1 2E-8 6E-11 - -
90 Thorium-2262 W, all compounds except those given for Y 5E+3 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
St wall
(5E+3) - - - 7E-5 7E-4
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
90 Thorium-227 W, see 226Th 1E+2 3E-1 1E-10 5E-13 2E-6 2E-5
Y, see 226Th - 3E-1 1E-10 5E-13 - -
90 Thorium-228 W, see 226Th 6E+0 1E-2 4E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+1)

Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 3E-14 2E-7 2E-6
Y, see 226Th - 2E-2 7E-12 2E-14 - -
90 Thorium-229 W, see 226Th 6E-1 9E-4 4E-13 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(2E-3)

- 3E-15 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 226Th - 2E-3 1E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(3E-3)

- 4E-15 - -
90 Thorium-230 W, see 226Th 4E+0 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(9E+0)

Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 2E-14 1E-7 1E-6
Y, see 226Th - 2E-2 6E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 3E-14 - -
90 Thorium-231 W, see 226Th 4E+3 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 5E-5 5E-4
Y, see 226Th - 6E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
90 Thorium-232 W, see 226Th 7E-1 1E-3 5E-13 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+0)

Bone surf

(3E-3)

- 4E-15 3E-8 3E-7
Y, see 226Th - 3E-3 1E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(4E-3)

- 6E-15 - -
90 Thorium-234 W, see 226Th 3E+2 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 - -
LLI wall (4E+2) - - - 5E-6 5E-5
Y, see 226Th - 2E+2 6E-8 2E-10 - -
91 Protactinium-2272 W, all compounds except

those given for Y

4E+3 1E+2 5E-8 2E-10 5E-5 5E-4
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 1E+2 4E-8 1E-10 - -
91 Protactinium-228 W, see 227Pa 1E+3 1E+1 5E-9 - 2E-5 2E-4
- Bone surf

(2E+1)

- 3E-11 - -
Y, see 227Pa - 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 - -
91 Protactinium-230 W, see 227Pa 6E+2 5E+0 2E-9 7E-12 - -
Bone surf

(9E+2)

- - - 1E-5 1E-4
Y, see 227Pa - 4E+0 1E-9 5E-12 - -
91 Protactinium-231 W, see 227Pa 2E-1 2E-3 6E-13 - - -
Bone surf

(5E-1)

Bone surf

(4E-3)

- 6E-15 6E-9 6E-8
Y, see 227Pa - 4E-3 2E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(6E-3)

- 8E-15 - -
91 Protactinium-232 W, see 227Pa 1E+3 2E+1 9E-9 - 2E-5 2E-4
- Bone surf

(6E+1)

- 8E-11 - -
Y, see 227Pa - 6E+1 2E-8 - - -
- Bone surf

(7E+1)

- 1E-10 - -
91 Protactinium-233 W, see 227Pa 1E+3 7E+2 3E-7 1E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
Y, see 227Pa - 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
91 Protactinium-234 W, see 227Pa 2E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 227Pa - 7E+3 3E-6 9E-9 - -
92 Uranium-230 D, UF6, UO2F2, UO2(NO3)2 4E+0 4E-1 2E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(6E+0)

Bone surf

(6E-1)

- 8E-13 8E-8 8E-7
W, UO3, UF4, UCl4 - 4E-1 1E-10 5E-13 - -
Y, UO2, U3O8 - 3E-1 1E-10 4E-13 - -
92 Uranium-231 D, see 230U 5E+3 8E+3 3E-6 1E-8 - -
LLI wall (4E+3) - - - 6E-5 6E-4
W, see 230U - 6E+3 2E-6 8E-9 - -
Y, see 230U - 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
92 Uranium-232 D, see 230U 2E+0 2E-1 9E-11 - - -
Bone surf

(4E+0)

Bone surf

(4E-1)

- 6E-13 6E-8 6E-7
W, see 230U - 4E-1 2E-10 5E-13 - -
Y, see 230U - 8E-3 3E-12 1E-14 - -
92 Uranium-233 D, see 230U 1E+1 1E+0 5E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+1)

Bone surf

(2E+0)

- 3E-12 3E-7 3E-6
W, see 230U - 7E-1 3E-10 1E-12 - -
Y, see 230U - 4E-2 2E-11 5E-14 - -
92 Uranium-2343 D, see 230U 1E+1 1E+0 5E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+1)

Bone surf

(2E+0)

- 3E-12 3E-7 3E-6
W, see 230U - 7E-1 3E-10 1E-12 - -
Y, see 230U - 4E-2 2E-11 5E-14 - -
92 Uranium-2353 D, see 230U 1E+1 1E+0 6E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+1)

Bone surf (2E+0) - 3E-12 3E-7 3E-6
W, see 230U - 8E-1 3E-10 1E-12 - -
Y, see 230U - 4E-2 2E-11 6E-14 - -
92 Uranium-236 D, see 230U 1E+1 1E+0 5E-10 - - -
Bone surf (2E+1) Bone surf (2E+0) - 3E-12 3E-7 3E-6
W, see 230U - 8E-1 3E-10 1E-12 - -
Y, see 230U - 4E-2 2E-11 6E-14 - -
92 Uranium-237 D, see 230U 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 3E-5 3E-4
W, see 230U - 2E+3 7E-7 2E-9 - -
Y, see 230U - 2E+3 6E-7 2E-9 - -
92 Uranium-2383 D, see 230U 1E+1 1E+0 6E-10 - - -
Bone surf (2E+1) Bone surf

(2E+0)

- 3E-12 3E-7 3E-6
W, see 230U - 8E-1 3E-10 1E-12 - -
Y, see 230U - 4E-2 2E-11 6E-14 - -
92 Uranium-2392 D, see 230U 7E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 9E-4 9E-3
W, see 230U - 2E+5 7E-5 2E-7 - -
Y, see 230U - 2E+5 6E-5 2E-7 - -
92 Uranium-240 D, see 230U 1E+3 4E+3 2E-6 5E-9 2E-5 2E-4
W, see 230U - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
Y, see 230U - 2E+3 1E-6 3E-9 - -
92 Uranium-natural3 D, see 230U 1E+1 1E+0 5E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+1)

Bone surf

(2E+0)

- 3E-12 3E-7 3E-6
W, see 230U - 8E-1 3E-10 9E-13 - -
Y, see 230U - 5E-2 2E-11 9E-14 - -
93 Neptunium-2322 W, all compounds 1E+5 2E+3 7E-7 - 2E-3 2E-2
- Bone surf

(5E+2)

- 6E-9 - -
93 Neptunium-2332 W, all compounds 8E+5 3E+6 1E-3 4E-6 1E-2 1E-1
93 Neptunium-234 W, all compounds 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 3E-5 3E-4
93 Neptunium-235 W, all compounds 2E+4 8E+2 3E-7 - - -
LLI wall (2E+4) Bone surf

(1E+3)

- 2E-9 3E-4 3E-3
93 Neptunium-236 W, all compounds 3E+0 2E-2 9E-12 - - -
(1.15E+5 y) Bone surf

(6E+0)

Bone surf

(5E-2)

- 8E-14 9E-8 9E-7
93 Neptunium-236 W, all compounds 3E+3 3E+1 1E-8 - - -
(22.5 h) Bone surf

(4E+3)

Bone surf

(7E+1)

- 1E-10 5E-5 5E-4
93 Neptunium-237 W, all compounds 5E-1 4E-3 2E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 1E-14 2E-8 2E-7
93 Neptunium-238 W, all compounds 1E+3 6E+1 3E-8 - 2E-5 2E-4
- Bone surf

(2E+2)

- 2E-10 - -
93 Neptunium-239 W, all compounds 2E+3 2E+3 9E-7 3E-9 - -
LLI wall (2E+3) - - - 2E-5 2E-4
93 Neptunium-2402 W, all compounds 2E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 3E-4 3E-3
94 Plutonium-234 W, all compounds except PuO2 8E+3 2E+2 9E-8 3E-10 1E-4 1E-3
Y, PuO2 - 2E+2 8E-8 3E-10 - -
94 Plutonium-2352 W, see 234Pu 9E+5 3E+6 1E-3 4E-6 1E-2 1E-1
Y, see 234Pu - 3E+6 1E-3 3E-6 - -
94 Plutonium-236 W, see 234Pu 2E+0 2E-2 8E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(4E+0)

Bone surf

(4E-2)

- 5E-14 6E-8 6E-7
Y, see 234Pu - 4E-2 2E-11 6E-14 - -
94 Plutonium-237 W, see 234Pu 1E+4 3E+3 1E-6 5E-9 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 234Pu - 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 - -
94 Plutonium-238 W, see 234Pu 9E-1 7E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 234Pu - 2E-2 8E-12 2E-14 - -
94 Plutonium-239 W, see 234Pu 8E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 234Pu - 2E-2 7E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 2E-14 - -
94 Plutonium-240 W, see 234Pu 8E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 234Pu - 2E-2 7E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 2E-14 - -
94 Plutonium-241 W, see 234Pu 4E+1 3E-1 1E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(7E+1)

Bone surf

(6E-1)

-

8E-13

1E-6

1E-5

Y, see 234Pu - 8E-1 3E-10 - - -
- Bone surf

(1E+0)

- 1E-12 - -
94 Plutonium-242 W, see 234Pu 8E-1 7E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 234Pu - 2E-2 7E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 2E-14 - -
94 Plutonium-243 W, see 234Pu 2E+4 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 2E-4 2E-3
Y, see 234Pu - 4E+4 2E-5 5E-8 - -
94 Plutonium-244 W, see 234Pu 8E-1 7E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 234Pu - 2E-2 7E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 2E-14 - -
94 Plutonium-245 W, see 234Pu 2E+3 5E+3 2E-6 6E-9 3E-5 3E-4
Y, see 234Pu - 4E+3 2E-6 6E-9 - -
94 Plutonium-246 W, see 234Pu 4E+2 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
LLI wall (4E+2) - - - 6E-6 6E-5
Y, see 234Pu - 3E+2 1E-7 4E-10 - -
95 Americium-2372 W, all compounds 8E+4 3E+5 1E-4 4E-7 1E-3 1E-2
95 Americium-2382 W, all compounds 4E+4 3E+3 1E-6 - 5E-4 5E-3
- Bone surf

(6E+3)

- 9E-9 - -
95 Americium-239 W, all compounds 5E+3 1E+4 5E-6 2E-8 7E-5 7E-4
95 Americium-240 W, all compounds 2E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 3E-5 3E-4
95 Americium-241 W, all compounds 8E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
95 Americium-242m W, all compounds 8E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
95 Americium-242 W, all compounds 4E+3 8E+1 4E-8 - 5E-5 5E-4
- Bone surf

(9E+1)

- 1E-10 - -
95 Americium-243 W, all compounds 8E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
95 Americium-244m2 W, all compounds 6E+4 4E+3 2E-6 - - -
St wall

(8E+4)

Bone surf

(7E+3)

- 1E-8 1E-3 1E-2
95 Americium-244 W, all compounds 3E+3 2E+2 8E-8 - 4E-5 4E-4
- Bone surf

(3E+2)

- 4E-10 - -
95 Americium-245 W, all compounds 3E+4 8E+4 3E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
95 Americium-246m2 W, all compounds 5E+4 2E+5 8E-5 3E-7 - -
St wall

(6E+4)

- - - 8E-4 8E-3
95 Americium-2462 W, all compounds 3E+4 1E+5 4E-5 1E-7 4E-4 4E-3
96 Curium-238 W, all compounds 2E+4 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 2E-4 2E-3
96 Curium-240 W, all compounds 6E+1 6E-1 2E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(8E+1)

Bone surf

(6E-1)

- 9E-13 1E-6 1E-5
96 Curium-241 W, all compounds 1E+3 3E+1 1E-8 - 2E-5 2E-4
- Bone surf

(4E+1)

- 5E-11 - -
96 Curium-242 W, all compounds 3E+1 3E-1 1E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(5E+1)

Bone surf

(3E-1)

- 4E-13 7E-7 7E-6
96 Curium-243 W, all compounds 1E+0 9E-3 4E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+0)

Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 2E-14 3E-8 3E-7
96 Curium-244 W, all compounds 1E+0 1E-2 5E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(3E+0)

Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 3E-14 3E-8 3E-7
96 Curium-245 W, all compounds 7E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
96 Curium-246 W, all compounds 7E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
96 Curium-247 W, all compounds 8E-1 6E-3 3E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 2E-8 2E-7
96 Curium-248 W, all compounds 2E-1 2E-3 7E-13 - - -
Bone surf

(4E-1)

Bone surf

(3E-3)

- 4E-15 5E-9 5E-8
96 Curium-2492 W, all compounds 5E+4 2E+4 7E-6 - 7E-4 7E-3
- Bone surf

(3E+4)

- 4E-8 - -
96 Curium-250 W, all compounds 4E-2 3E-4 1E-13 - - -
Bone surf

(6E-2)

Bone surf

(5E-4)

- 8E-16 9E-10 9E-9
97 Berkelium-245 W, all compounds 2E+3 1E+3 5E-7 2E-9 3E-5 3E-4
97 Berkelium-246 W, all compounds 3E+3 3E+3 1E-6 4E-9 4E-5 4E-4
97 Berkelium-247 W, all compounds 5E-1 4E-3 2E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(9E-3)

- 1E-14 2E-8 2E-7
97 Berkelium-249 W, all compounds 2E+2 2E+0 7E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(5E+2)

Bone surf

(4E+0)

- 5E-12 6E-6 6E-5
97 Berkelium-250 W, all compounds 9E+3 3E+2 1E-7 - 1E-4 1E-3
- Bone surf

(7E+2)

- 1E-9 - -
98 Californium-2442 W, all compounds except those given for Y 3E+4 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
St wall

(3E+4)

- - - 4E-4 4E-3
Y, oxides and hydroxides - 6E+2 2E-7 8E-10 - -
98 Californium-246 W, see 244Cf 4E+2 9E+0 4E-9 1E-11 5E-6 5E-5
Y, see 244Cf - 9E+0 4E-9 1E-11 - -
98 Californium-248 W, see 244Cf 8E+0 6E-2 3E-11 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+1)

Bone surf

(1E-1)

- 2E-13 2E-7 2E-6
Y, see 244Cf - 1E-1 4E-11 1E-13 - -
98 Californium-249 W, see 244Cf 5E-1 4E-3 2E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(9E-3)

- 1E-14 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 244Cf - 1E-2 4E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 - -
98 Californium-250 W, see 244Cf 1E+0 9E-3 4E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+0)

Bone surf

(2E-2)

- 3E-14 3E-8 3E-7
Y, see 244Cf - 3E-2 1E-11 4E-14 - -
98 Californium-251 W, see 244Cf 5E-1 4E-3 2E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(1E+0)

Bone surf

(9E-3)

- 1E-14 2E-8 2E-7
Y, see 244Cf - 1E-2 4E-12 - - -
- Bone surf

(1E-2)

- 2E-14 - -
98 Californium-252 W, see 244Cf 2E+0 2E-2 8E-12 - - -
Bone surf

(5E+0)

Bone surf

(4E-2)

- 5E-14 7E-8 7E-7
Y, see 244Cf - 3E-2 1E-11 5E-14 - -
98 Californium-253 W, see 244Cf 2E+2 2E+0 8E-10 3E-12 - -
Bone surf

(4E+2)

- - - 5E-6 5E-5
Y, see 244Cf - 2E+0 7E-10 2E-12 - -
98 Californium-254 W, see 244Cf 2E+0 2E-2 9E-12 3E-14 3E-8 3E-7
Y, see 244Cf - 2E-2 7E-12 2E-14 - -
99 Einsteinium-250 W, all compounds 4E+4 5E+2 2E-7 - 6E-4 6E-3
- Bone surf

(1E+3)

- 2E-9 - -
99 Einsteinium-251 W, all compounds 7E+3 9E+2 4E-7 - 1E-4 1E-3
- Bone surf

(1E+3)

- 2E-9 - -
99 Einsteinium-253 W, all compounds 2E+2 1E+0 6E-10 2E-12 2E-6 2E-5
99 Einsteinium-254m W, all compounds 3E+2 1E+1 4E-9 1E-11 - -
LLI wall (3E+2) - - - 4E-6 4E-5
99 Einsteinium-254 W, all compounds 8E+0 7E-2 3E-11 - - -
Bone surf

(2E+1)

Bone surf

(1E-1)

- 2E-13 2E-7 2E-6
100 Fermium-252 W, all compounds 5E+2 1E+1 5E-9 2E-11 6E-6 6E-5
100 Fermium-253 W, all compounds 1E+3 1E+1 4E-9 1E-11 1E-5 1E-4
100 Fermium-254 W, all compounds 3E+3 9E+1 4E-8 1E-10 4E-5 4E-4
100 Fermium-255 W, all compounds 5E+2 2E+1 9E-9 3E-11 7E-6 7E-5
100 Fermium-257 W, all compounds 2E+1 2E-1 7E-11 - - -
Bone surf

(4E+1)

Bone surf

(2E-1)

- 3E-13 5E-7 5E-6
101 Mendelevium-257 W, all compounds 7E+3 8E+1 4E-8 - 1E-4 1E-3
- Bone surf

(9E+1)

- 1E-10 - -
101 Mendelevium-258 W, all compounds 3E+1 2E-1 1E-10 - - -
Bone surf

(5E+1)

Bone surf

(3E-1)

- 5E-13 6E-7 6E-6
- Any single radionuclide not listed above with decay mode other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission and with radioactive half-life less than 2 hours Submersion1 - 2E+2 1E-7 1E-9 - -
- Any single radionuclide not listed above with decay mode other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission and with radioactive half-life ((less)) greater than 2 hours . . . . - 2E-1 1E-10 1E-12 1E-8 1E-7
- Any single radionuclide not listed above that decays by alpha emission or spontaneous fission, or any mixture for which either the identity or the concentration of any radionuclide in the mixture is not known
. . . .
-
4E-4
2E-13
1E-15
2E-9
2E-8

FOOTNOTES:

1"Submersion" means that values given are for submersion in a hemispherical semi-infinite cloud of airborne material.


2These radionuclides have radiological half-lives of less than 2 hours. The total effective dose equivalent received during operations with these radionuclides might include a significant contribution from external exposure. The DAC values for all radionuclides, other than those designated Class "Submersion," are based upon the committed effective dose equivalent due to the intake of the radionuclide into the body and do NOT include potentially significant contributions to dose equivalent from external exposures. The licensee may substitute 1E-7 µCi/ml for the listed DAC to account for the submersion dose prospectively, but should use individual monitoring devices or other radiation measuring instruments that measure external exposure to demonstrate compliance with the limits. (See WAC 246-221-015(5).)


3For soluble mixtures of U-238, U-234, and U-235 in air, chemical toxicity may be the limiting factor (see WAC 246-221-010(5)). If the percent by weight (enrichment) of U-235 is not greater than 5, the concentration value for a 40-hour workweek is 0.2 milligrams uranium per cubic meter of air average. For any enrichment, the product of the average concentration and time of exposure during a 40-hour workweek shall not exceed 8E-3 (SA) µCi-hr/ml, where SA is the specific activity of the uranium inhaled. The specific activity for natural uranium is 6.77E-7 curies per gram U. The specific activity for other mixtures of U-238, U-235, and U-234, if not known, shall be:


     SA = 3.6E-7 curies/gram U, U-depleted


     SA = [0.4 + 0.38 (enrichment) + 0.0034 (enrichment)2] E-6, enrichment ≥ 0.72


where enrichment is the percentage by weight of U-235, expressed as percent.


NOTE:

1.     If the identity of each radionuclide in a mixture is known but the concentration of one or more of the radionuclides in the mixture is not

     known, the DAC for the mixture shall be the most restrictive DAC of any radionuclide in the mixture.


2.     If the identity of each radionuclide in the mixture is not known, but it is known that certain radionuclides specified in this appendix are

     not present in the mixture, the inhalation ALI, DAC, and effluent and sewage concentrations for the mixture are the lowest values

     specified in this appendix for any radionuclide that is not known to be absent from the mixture; or


If it is known that Ac-227-D and Cm-250-W are not present    
- 7E-4 3E-13 - - -
If, in addition, it is known that Ac-227-W,Y, Th-229-W,Y, Th-230-W, Th-232-W,Y, Pa-231-W,Y, Np-237-W, Pu-239-W, Pu-240-W, Pu-242-W, Am-241-W, Am-242m-W, Am-243-W, Cm-245-W, Cm-246-W, Cm-247-W, Cm-248-W, Bk-247-W, Cf-249-W, and Cf-251-W are not present - 7E-3 3E-12 - - -
If, in addition, it is known that Sm-146-W, Sm-147-W, Gd-148-D,W, Gd-152-D,W, Th-228-W,Y, Th-230-Y, U-232-Y, U-233-Y, U-234-Y, U-235-Y, U-236-Y, U-238-Y, Np-236-W, Pu-236-W,Y, Pu-238-W,Y, Pu-239-Y, Pu-240-Y, Pu-242-Y, Pu-244-W,Y, Cm-243-W, Cm-244-W, Cf-248-W, Cf-249-Y, Cf-250-W,Y, Cf-251-Y, Cf-252-W,Y, and Cf-254-W,Y are not present - 7E-2 3E-11 - - -
If, in addition, it is known that Pb-210-D, Bi-210m-W, Po-210-D,W, Ra-223-W, Ra-225-W, Ra-226-W, Ac-225-D,W,Y, Th-227-W,Y, U-230-D,W,Y, U-232-D,W, Pu-241-W, Cm-240-W, Cm-242-W, Cf-248-Y, Es-254-W, Fm-257-W, and Md-258-W are not present - 7E-1 3E-10 - - -
If, in addition, it is known that Si-32-Y, Ti-44-Y, Fe-60-D, Sr-90-Y, Zr-93-D, Cd-113m-D, Cd-113-D, In-115-D,W, La-138-D, Lu-176-W, Hf-178m-D,W, Hf-182-D,W, Bi-210m-D, Ra-224-W, Ra-228-W, Ac-226-D,W,Y, Pa-230-W,Y, U-233-D,W, U-234-D,W, U-235-D,W, U-236-D,W, U-238-D,W, Pu-241-Y, Bk-249-W, Cf-253-W,Y, and Es-253-W are not present - 7E+0 3E-9 - - -
If it is known that Ac-227-D,W,Y, Th-229-W,Y, Th-232-W,Y, Pa-231-W,Y, Cm-248-W, and Cm-250-W are not present - - - 1E-14 - -
If, in addition, it is known that Sm-146-W, Gd-148-D,W, Gd-152-D, Th-228-W,Y, Th-230-W,Y, U-232-Y, U-233-Y, U-234-Y, U-235-Y, U-236-Y, U-238-Y, U-Nat-Y, Np-236-W, Np-237-W, Pu-236-W,Y, Pu-238-W,Y, Pu-239-W,Y, Pu-240-W,Y, Pu-242-W,Y, Pu-244-W,Y, Am-241-W, Am-242m-W, Am-243-W, Cm-243-W, Cm-244-W, Cm-245-W, Cm-246-W, Cm-247-W, Bk-247-W, Cf-249-W,Y, Cf-250-W,Y, Cf-251-W,Y, Cf-252-W,Y, and Cf-254-W,Y are not present - - - 1E-13 - -
If, in addition, it is known that Sm-147-W, Gd-152-W, Pb-210-D, Bi-210m-W, Po-210-D,W, Ra-223-W, Ra-225-W, Ra-226-W, Ac-225-D,W,Y, Th-227-W,Y, U-230-D,W,Y, U-232-D,W, U-Nat-W, Pu-241-W, Cm-240-W, Cm-242-W, Cf-248-W,Y, Es-254-W, Fm-257-W, and Md-258-W are not present - - - - 1E-12 -
If, in addition, it is known that Fe-60, Sr-90, Cd-113m, Cd-113, In-115, I-129, Cs-134, Sm-145, Sm-147, Gd-148, Gd-152, Hg-194 (organic), Bi-210m, Ra-223, Ra-224, Ra-225, Ac-225, Th-228, Th-230, U-233, U-234, U-235, U-236, U-238, U-Nat, Cm-242, Cf-248, Es-254, Fm-257, and Md-258 are not present - - - - 1E-6 1E-5

3.     If a mixture of radionuclides consists of uranium and its daughters in ore dust (10 µm AMAD particle distribution assumed) prior to chemical separation of the uranium from the ore, the following values may be used for the DAC of the mixture: 6E-11 µCi of gross alpha activity from uranium-238, uranium-234, thorium-230, and radium-226 per milliliter of air; 3E-11 µCi of natural uranium per

     milliliter of air; or 45 micrograms of natural uranium per cubic meter of air.


4.     If the identity and concentration of each radionuclide in a mixture are known, the limiting values should be derived as follows:

     Determine, for each radionuclide in the mixture, the ratio between the concentration present in the mixture and the concentration

     otherwise established in this section for the specific radionuclide when not in a mixture. The sum of such ratios for all of the

     radionuclides in the mixture may not exceed "1" (i.e., "unity").


     Example: If radionuclides "A," "B," and "C" are present in concentrations CA, CB, and CC, and if the applicable DACs are DACA,

     DACB, and DACC, respectively, then the concentrations shall be limited so that the following relationship exists:

CA

+

CB

+

CC

≤1

DACA DACB DACC

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050 and 70.98.080. 09-06-003, § 246-221-290, filed 2/18/09, effective 3/21/09. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 94-01-073, § 246-221-290, filed 12/9/93, effective 1/9/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.70 040. 91-02-049 (Order 121), recodified as § 246-221-290, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 81-01-011 (Order 1570), § 402-24-220, filed 12/8/80; Order 1095, § 402-24-220, filed 2/6/76; Order 1, § 402-24-220, filed 1/8/69; Rules (part), filed 10/26/66.]

     Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.

OTS-2736.1


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 08-09-093, filed 4/18/08, effective 5/19/08)

WAC 246-231-035   Deliberate misconduct.   (1) For the purpose of this chapter, deliberate misconduct by a person means an intentional act or omission that the person knows:

     (a) Would constitute a violation of a requirement, procedure, instruction, contract, purchase order, or policy; or

     (b) Causes or would cause, if not detected, ((cause)) a violation of any rule, regulation, or order; or any term, condition, or limitation of any license or certificate issued by the department.

     (2) This section applies to any:

     (a) Licensee;

     (b) Certificate holder;

     (c) Quality assurance program approval holder;

     (d) Applicant for a license, certificate, or quality assurance program approval;

     (e) Contractor (including a supplier or consultant) or subcontractor, to any person identified in (d) of this subsection; or

     (f) Employee of any person identified in (a) through (e) of this subsection.

     (3) A person subject to this section who knowingly provides any components, materials, or other goods or services that relate to any activities subject to these regulations may not:

     (a) Engage in deliberate misconduct; or

     (b) Deliberately submit to the department or to a person subject to this section information that the person knows to be incomplete or inaccurate in some respect that matters to the department.

     (4) A person who violates subsection (3)(a) or (b) of this section may be subject to enforcement action in accordance with the procedures in 10 CFR 2 Subpart B.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 08-09-093, § 246-231-035, filed 4/18/08, effective 5/19/08.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 08-09-093, filed 4/18/08, effective 5/19/08)

WAC 246-231-200   Appendix A -- Determination of A1 and A2.   (1) Values of A1 and A2 for individual radionuclides, which are the basis for many activity limits elsewhere in these regulations, are given in this section, Table A-1. The curie (Ci) values specified are obtained by converting from the Terabecquerel (TBq) value. The Terabecquerel values are the regulatory standard. The curie values are for information only and are not intended to be the regulatory standard. Where values of A1 or A2 are unlimited, it is for radiation control purposes only. For nuclear criticality safety, some materials are subject to controls placed on fissile material.

     (2)(a) For individual radionuclides whose identities are known, but which are not listed in this section, Table A-1, the A1 and A2 values contained in this section, Table A-3 may be used. Otherwise, the licensee shall obtain prior USNRC approval of the A1 and A2 values for radionuclides not listed in this section, Table A-1, before shipping the material.

     (b) For individual radionuclides whose identities are known, but which are not listed in this section, Table A-2, the exempt material activity concentration and exempt consignment activity values contained in this section, Table A-3 may be used. Otherwise, the licensee shall obtain prior USNRC approval of the exempt material activity concentration and exempt consignment activity values for radionuclides not listed in this section, Table A-2, before shipping the material.

     (c) The licensee shall submit requests for prior approval, described under (a) and (b) of this subsection, to the USNRC in accordance with 10 CFR 71.1.

     (3) In the calculations of A1 and A2 for a radionuclide not in this section, Table A-1, a single radioactive decay chain, in which radionuclides are present in their naturally occurring proportions, and in which no daughter radionuclide has a half-life either longer than ten days, or longer than that of the parent radionuclide, shall be considered as a single radionuclide, and the activity to be taken into account, and the A1 or A2 value to be applied shall be those corresponding to the parent radionuclide of that chain. In the case of radioactive decay chains in which any daughter radionuclide has a half-life either longer than ten days, or greater than that of the parent radionuclide, the parent and those daughter radionuclides shall be considered as mixtures of different radionuclides.

     (4) For mixtures of radionuclides whose identities and respective activities are known, the following conditions apply:

     (a) For special form radioactive material, the maximum quantity transported in a Type A package:


Where B(i) is the activity of radionuclide I, and A1(i) is the A1 value for radionuclide I.

     (b) For normal form radioactive material, the maximum quantity transported in a Type A package:

Where B(i) is the activity of radionuclide I and A2(i) is the A2 value for radionuclide I.

     (c) Alternatively, the A1 value for mixtures of special form material may be determined as follows:

Where f(i) is the fraction of activity for radionuclide I in the mixture and A1(i) is the appropriate A1 value for radionuclide I.

     (d) Alternatively, the A2 value for mixtures of normal form material may be determined as follows:


Where f(i) is the fraction of activity for radionuclide I in the mixture and A2(i) is the appropriate A2 value for radionuclide I.

     (e) The exempt activity concentration for mixtures of nuclides may be determined as follows:



Where f(i) is the fraction of activity concentration of radionuclide I in the mixture, and A is the activity concentration f material containing radionuclide I.

     (f) The activity limit for an exempt consignment for mixtures of radionuclides may be determined as follows:



Where f(i) is the fraction of activity of radionuclide I in the mixture, and A is the activity limit for exempt consignments for radionuclide I.

     (5) When the identity of each radionuclide is known, but the individual activities of some of the radionuclides are not known, the radionuclides may be grouped and the lowest A1 or A2 value, as appropriate, for the radionuclides in each group may be used in applying the formulas in subsection (4) of this section. Groups may be based on the total alpha activity and the total beta/gamma activity when these are known, using the lowest A1 or A2 values for the alpha emitters and beta/gamma emitters.

Table A-1.--A1 and A2 Values for Radionuclides


Symbol of radionuclide Element and atomic number A1 (TBq) A1 (Ci)b A2 (TBq) A2 (Ci)b Specific activity
(TBq/g) (Ci/g)
Ac-225 (a) Actinium (89) 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 6.0X10-3 1.6X10-1 2.1X103 5.8X104
Ac-227 (a) 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 9.0X10-5 2.4X10-3 2.7 7.2X101
Ac-228 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 8.4X104 2.2X106
Ag-105 Silver (47) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 1.1X103 3.0X104
Ag-108m (a) 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 9.7X10-1 2.6X101
Ag-110m (a) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.8X102 4.7X103
Ag-111 2.0 5.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 5.8X103 1.6X105
Al-26 Aluminum (13) 1.0X10-1 2.7 1.0X10-1 2.7 7.0X10-4 1.9X10-2
Am-241 Americium (95) 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 1.3X10-1 3.4
Am-242m (a) 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 3.6X10-1 1.0X101
Am-243 (a) 5.0 1.4X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 7.4X10-3 2.0X10-1
Ar-37 Argon (18) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.7X103 9.9X104
Ar-39 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X101 5.4X102 1.3 3.4X101
Ar-41 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 1.5X106 4.2X107
As-72 Arsenic (33) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 6.2X104 1.7X106
As-73 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 8.2X102 2.2X104
As-74 1.0 2.7X101 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 3.7X103 9.9X104
As-76 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 5.8X104 1.6X106
As-77 2.0X101 5.4X102 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 3.9X104 1.0X106
At-211 (a) Astatine (85) 2.0X101 5.4X102 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 7.6X104 2.1X106
Au-193 Gold (79) 7.0 1.9X102 2.0 5.4X101 3.4X104 9.2X105
Au-194 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 1.5X104 4.1X105
Au-195 1.0X101 2.7X102 6.0 1.6X102 1.4X102 3.7X103
Au-198 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 9.0X103 2.4X105
Au-199 1.0X101 2.7X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 7.7X103 2.1X105
Ba-131 (a) Barium (56) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 3.1X103 8.4X104
Ba-133 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 9.4 2.6X102
Ba-133m 2.0X101 5.4X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.2X104 6.1X105
Ba-140 (a) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 3.0X10-1 8.1 2.7X103 7.3X104
Be-7 Beryllium (4) 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X101 5.4X102 1.3X104 3.5X105
Be-10 4.0X101 1.1X103 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 8.3X10-4 2.2X10-2
Bi-205 Bismuth (83) 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 1.5X103 4.2X104
Bi-206 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.8X103 1.0X105
Bi-207 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 1.9 5.2X101
Bi-210 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 4.6X103 1.2X105
Bi-210m (a) 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 2.1X10-5 5.7X10-4
Bi-212 (a) 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 5.4X105 1.5X107
Bk-247 Berkelium (97) 8.0 2.2X102 8.0X10-4 2.2X10-2 3.8X10-2 1.0
Bk-249 (a) 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0X10-1 8.1 6.1X101 1.6X103
Br-76 Bromine (35) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 9.4X104 2.5X106
Br-77 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 2.6X104 7.1X105
Br-82 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X104 1.1X106
C-11 Carbon (6) 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.1X107 8.4X108
C-14 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0 8.1X101 1.6X10-1 4.5
Ca-41 Calcium (20) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 3.1X10-3 8.5X10-2
Ca-45 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0 2.7X101 6.6X102 1.8X104
Ca-47 (a) 3.0 8.1X101 3.0X10-1 8.1 2.3X104 6.1X105
Cd-109 Cadmium (48) 3.0X101 8.1X102 2.0 5.4X101 9.6X101 2.6X103
Cd-113m 4.0X101 1.1X103 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 8.3 2.2X102
Cd-115 (a) 3.0 8.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.9X104 5.1X105
Cd-115m 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 9.4X102 2.5X104
Ce-139 Cerium (58) 7.0 1.9X102 2.0 5.4X101 2.5X102 6.8X103
Ce-141 2.0X101 5.4X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.1X103 2.8X104
Ce-143 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.5X104 6.6X105
Ce-144 (a) 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 1.2X102 3.2X103
Cf-248 Californium (98) 4.0X101 1.1X103 6.0X10-3 1.6X10-1 5.8X101 1.6X103
Cf-249 3.0 8.1X101 8.0X10-4 2.2X10-2 1.5X10-1 4.1
Cf-250 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X10-3 5.4X10-2 4.0 1.1X102
Cf-251 7.0 1.9X102 7.0X10-4 1.9X10-2 5.9X10-2 1.6
Cf-252 (h) 5.0X10-2 1.4 3.0X10-3 8.1X10-2 2.0X101 5.4X102
Cf-253 (a) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X10-2 1.1 1.1X103 2.9X104
Cf-254 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 3.1X102 8.5X103
Cl-36 Chlorine (17) 1.0X101 2.7X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.2X10-3 3.3X10-2
Cl-38 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 4.9X106 1.3X108
Cm-240 Curium (96) 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 7.5X102 2.0X104
Cm-241 2.0 5.4X101 1.0 2.7X101 6.1X102 1.7X104
Cm-242 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0X10-2 2.7X10-1 1.2X102 3.3X103
Cm-243 9.0 2.4X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 1.9X10-3 5.2X101
Cm-244 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X10-3 5.4X10-2 3.0 8.1X101
Cm-245 9.0 2.4X102 9.0X10-4 2.4X10-2 6.4X10-3 1.7X10-1
Cm-246 9.0 2.4X102 9.0X10-4 2.4X10-2 1.1X10-2 3.1X10-1
Cm-247 (a) 3.0 8.1X101 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 3.4X10-6 9.3X10-5
Cm-248 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 3.0X10-4 8.1X10-3 1.6X10-4 4.2X10-3
Co-55 Cobalt (27) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 1.1X105 3.1X106
Co-56 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 1.1X103 3.0X104
Co-57 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 3.1X102 8.4X103
Co-58 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 1.2X103 3.2X104
Co-58m 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.2X105 5.9X106
Co-60 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.2X101 1.1X103
Cr-51 Chromium (24) 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.4X103 9.2X104
Cs-129 Cesium (55) 4.0 1.1X102 4.0 1.1X102 2.8X104 7.6X105
Cs-131 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.8X103 1.0X105
Cs-132 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 5.7X103 1.5X105
Cs-134 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 4.8X101 1.3X103
Cs-134m 4.0X101 1.1X103 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.0X105 8.0X106
Cs-135 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0 2.7X101 4.3X10-5 1.2X10-3
Cs-136 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 2.7X103 7.3X104
Cs-137 (a) 2.0 5.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.2 8.7X101
Cu-64 Copper (29) 6.0 1.6X102 1.0 2.7X101 1.4X105 3.9X106
Cu-67 1.0X101 2.7X102 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 2.8X104 7.6X105
Dy-159 Dysprosium (66) 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.1X102 5.7X103
Dy-165 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.0X105 8.2X106
Dy-166 (a) 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 3.0X10-1 8.1 8.6X103 2.3X105
Er-169 Erbium (68) 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0 2.7X101 3.1X103 8.3X104
Er-171 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 9.0X104 2.4X106
Eu-147 Europium (63) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 1.4X103 3.7X104
Eu-148 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 6.0X102 1.6X104
Eu-149 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X101 5.4X102 3.5X102 9.4X103
Eu-150 (short lived) 2.0 5.4X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 6.1X104 1.6X106
Eu-150 (long lived) 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 6.1X104 1.6X106
Eu-152 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 6.5 1.8X102
Eu-152m 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 8.2X104 2.2X106
Eu-154 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 9.8 2.6X102
Eu-155 2.0X101 5.4X102 3.0 8.1X101 1.8X101 4.9X102
Eu-156 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 2.0X103 5.5X104
F-18 Fluorine (9) 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.5X106 9.5X107
Fe-52 (a) Iron (26) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 2.7X105 7.3X106
Fe-55 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 8.8X101 2.4X103
Fe-59 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 1.8X103 5.0X104
Fe-60 (a) 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X10-1 5.4 7.4X10-4 2.0X10-2
Ga-67 Gallium (31) 7.0 1.9X102 3.0 8.1X101 2.2X104 6.0X105
Ga-68 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 1.5X106 4.1X107
Ga-72 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.1X105 3.1X106
Gd-146 (a) Gadolinium (64) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 6.9X102 1.9X104
Gd-148 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X10-3 5.4X10-2 1.2 3.2X101
Gd-153 1.0X101 2.7X102 9.0 2.4X102 1.3X102 3.5X103
Gd-159 3.0 8.1X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.9X104 1.1X106
Ge-68 (a) Germanium (32) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 2.6X102 7.1X103
Ge-71 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 5.8X103 1.6X105
Ge-77 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 1.3X105 3.6X106
Hf-172 (a) Hafnium (72) 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 4.1X101 1.1X103
Hf-175 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 3.9X102 1.1X104
Hf-181 2.0 5.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 6.3X102 1.7X104
Hf-182 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 8.1X10-6 2.2X10-4
Hg-194 (a) Mercury (80) 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 1.3X10-1 3.5
Hg-195m (a) 3.0 8.1X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 1.5X104 4.0X105
Hg-197 2.0X101 5.4X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 9.2X103 2.5X105
Hg-197m 1.0X101 2.7X102 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 2.5X104 6.7X105
Hg-203 5.0 1.4X102 1.0 2.7X101 5.1X102 1.4X104
Ho-166 Holmium (67) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 2.6X104 7.0X105
Ho-166m 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 6.6X10-2 1.8
I-123 Iodine (53) 6.0 1.6X102 3.0 8.1X101 7.1X104 1.9X106
I-124 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 9.3X103 2.5X105
I-125 2.0X101 5.4X102 3.0 8.1X101 6.4X102 1.7X104
I-126 2.0 5.4X101 1.0 2.7X101 2.9X103 8.0X104
I-129 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 6.5X10-6 1.8X10-4
I-131 3.0 8.1X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 4.6X103 1.2X105
I-132 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 3.8X105 1.0X107
I-133 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 4.2X104 1.1X106
I-134 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 9.9X105 2.7X107
I-135 (a) 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.3X105 3.5X106
In-111 Indium (49) 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 1.5X104 4.2X105
In-113m 4.0 1.1X102 2.0 5.4X101 6.2X105 1.7X107
In-114m (a) 1.0X101 2.7X102 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 8.6X102 2.3X104
In-115m 7.0 1.9X102 1.0 2.7X101 2.2X105 6.1X106
Ir-189 (a) Iridium (77) 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.9X103 5.2X104
Ir-190 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 2.3X103 6.2X104
Ir-192 (c) 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.4X102 9.2X103
Ir-194 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.1X104 8.4X105
K-40 Potassium (19) 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 2.4X10-7 6.4X10-6
K-42 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.2X105 6.0X106
K-43 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.2X105 3.3X106
Kr-81 Krypton (36) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 7.8X10-4 2.1X10-2
Kr-85 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.5X101 3.9X102
Kr-85m 8.0 2.2X102 3.0 8.1X101 3.0X105 8.2X106
Kr-87 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 1.0X106 2.8X107
La-137 Lanthanum (57) 3.0X101 8.1X102 6.0 1.6X102 1.6X10-3 4.4X10-2
La-140 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 2.1X104 5.6X105
Lu-172 Lutetium (71) 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 4.2X103 1.1X105
Lu-173 8.0 2.2X102 8.0 2.2X102 5.6X101 1.5X103
Lu-174 9.0 2.4X102 9.0 2.4X102 2.3X101 6.2X102
Lu-174m 2.0X101 5.4X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 2.0X102 5.3X103
Lu-177 3.0X101 8.1X102 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 4.1X103 1.1X105
Mg-28 (a) Magnesium (12) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 2.0X105 5.4X106
Mn-52 Manganese (25) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 1.6X104 4.4X105
Mn-53 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 6.8X10-5 1.8X10-3
Mn-54 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 2.9X102 7.7X103
Mn-56 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 8.0X105 2.2X107
Mo-93 Molybdenum (42) 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X101 5.4X102 4.1X10-2 1.1
Mo-99 (a) (i) 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.8X104 4.8X105
N-13 Nitrogen (7) 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 5.4X107 1.5X109
Na-22 Sodium (11) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 2.3X102 6.3X103
Na-24 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 3.2X105 8.7X106
Nb-93m Niobium (41) 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0X101 8.1X102 8.8 2.4X102
Nb-94 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 6.9X10-3 1.9X10-1
Nb-95 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 1.5X103 3.9X104
Nb-97 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 9.9X105 2.7X107
Nd-147 Neodymium (60) 6.0 1.6X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.0X103 8.1X104
Nd-149 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 4.5X105 1.2X107
Ni-59 Nickel (28) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 3.0X10-3 8.0X10-2
Ni-63 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0X101 8.1X102 2.1 5.7X101
Ni-65 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 7.1X105 1.9X107
Np-235 Neptunium (93) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 5.2X101 1.4X103
Np-236 (short-lived) 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0 5.4X101 4.7X10-4 1.3X10-2
Np-236 (long-lived) 9.0X100 2.4X102 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 4.7X10-4 1.3X10-2
Np-237 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X10-3 5.4X10-2 2.6X10-5 7.1X10-4
Np-239 7.0 1.9X102 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 8.6X103 2.3X105
Os-185 Osmium (76) 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 2.8X102 7.5X103
Os-191 1.0X101 2.7X102 2.0 5.4X101 1.6X103 4.4X104
Os-191m 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0X101 8.1X102 4.6X104 1.3X106
Os-193 2.0 5.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 b2.0X104 5.3X105
Os-194 (a) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 1.1X101 3.1X102
P-32 Phosphorus (15) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 1.1X104 2.9X105
P-33 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0 2.7X101 5.8X103 1.6X105
Pa-230 (a) Protactinium (91) 2.0 5.4X101 7.0X10-2 1.9 1.2X103 3.3X104
Pa-231 4.0 1.1X102 4.0X10-4 1.1X10-2 1.7X10-3 4.7X10-2
Pa-233 5.0 1.4X102 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.7X102 2.1X104
Pb-201 Lead (82) 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 6.2X104 1.7X106
Pb-202 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X101 5.4X102 1.2X10-4 3.4X10-3
Pb-203 4.0 1.1X102 3.0 8.1X101 1.1X104 3.0X105
Pb-205 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 4.5X10-6 1.2X10-4
Pb-210 (a) 1.0 2.7X101 5.0X10-2 1.4 2.8 7.6X101
Pb-212 (a) 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 2.0X10-1 5.4 5.1X104 1.4X106
Pd-103 (a) Palladium (46) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.8X103 7.5X104
Pd-107 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 1.9X10-5 5.1X10-4
Pd-109 2.0 5.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 7.9X104 2.1X106
Pm-143 Promethium (61) 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 1.3X102 3.4X103
Pm-144 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 9.2X101 2.5X103
Pm-145 3.0X101 8.1X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 5.2 1.4X102
Pm-147 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0 5.4X101 3.4X101 9.3X102
Pm-148m (a) 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 7.9X102 2.1X104
Pm-149 2.0 5.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.5X104 4.0X105
Pm-151 2.0 5.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.7X104 7.3X105
Po-210 Polonium (84) 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 1.7X102 4.5X103
Pr-142 Praseodymium (59) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.3X104 1.2X106
Pr-143 3.0 8.1X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.5X103 6.7X104
Pt-188 (a) Platinum (78) 1.0 2.7X101 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 2.5X103 6.8X104
Pt-191 4.0 1.1X102 3.0 8.1X101 8.7X103 2.4X105
Pt-193 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.4 3.7X101
Pt-193m 4.0X101 1.1X103 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.8X103 1.6X105
Pt-195m 1.0X101 2.7X102 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 6.2X103 1.7X105
Pt-197 2.0X101 5.4X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.2X104 8.7X105
Pt-197m 1.0X101 2.7X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.7X105 1.0X107
Pu-236 Plutonium (94) 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.0X10-3 8.1X10-2 2.0X101 5.3X102
Pu-237 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0X101 5.4X102 4.5X102 1.2X104
Pu-238 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 6.3X10-1 1.7X101
Pu-239 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 2.3X10-3 6.2X10-2
Pu-240 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 8.4X10-3 2.3X10-1
Pu-241 (a) 4.0X101 1.1X103 6.0X10-2 1.6 3.8 1.0X102
Pu-242 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 1.5X10-4 3.9X10-3
Pu-244 (a) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 6.7X10-7 1.8X10-5
Ra-223 (a) Radium (88) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 7.0X10-3 1.9X10-1 1.9X103 5.1X104
Ra-224 (a) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 5.9X103 1.6X105
Ra-225 (a) 2.0X10-1 5.4 4.0X10-3 1.1X10-1 1.5X103 3.9X104
Ra-226 (a) 2.0X10-1 5.4 3.0X10-3 8.1X10-2 3.7X10-2 1.0
Ra-228 (a) 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 1.0X101 2.7X102
Rb-81 Rubidium (37) 2.0 5.4X101 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 3.1X105 8.4X106
Rb-83 (a) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 6.8X102 1.8X104
Rb-84 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 1.8X103 4.7X104
Rb-86 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 3.0X103 8.1X104
Rb-87 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 3.2X10-9 8.6X10-8
Rb (nat) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 6.7X106 1.8X108
Re-184 Rhenium (75) 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 6.9X102 1.9X104
Re-184m 3.0 8.1X101 1.0 2.7X101 1.6X102 4.3X103
Re-186 2.0 5.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.9X103 1.9X105
Re-187 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 1.4X10-9 3.8X10-8
Re-188 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 3.6X104 9.8X105
Re-189 (a) 3.0 8.1X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.5X104 6.8X105
Re (nat) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 0.0 2.4X10-8
Rh-99 Rhodium (45) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 3.0X103 8.2X104
Rh-101 4.0 1.1X102 3.0 8.1X101 4.1X101 1.1X103
Rh-102 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 4.5X101 1.2X103
Rh-102m 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 2.3X102 6.2X103
Rh-103m 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.2X106 3.3X107
Rh-105 1.0X101 2.7X102 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 3.1X104 8.4X105
Rn-222 (a) Radon (86) 3.0X10-1 8.1 4.0X10-3 1.1X10-1 5.7X103 1.5X105
Ru-97 Ruthenium (44) 5.0 1.4X102 5.0 1.4X102 1.7X104 4.6X105
Ru-103 (a) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 1.2X103 3.2X104
Ru-105 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.5X105 6.7X106
Ru-106 (a) 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 1.2X102 3.3X103
S-35 Sulphur (16) 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0 8.1X101 1.6X103 4.3X104
Sb-122 Antimony (51) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.5X104 4.0X105
Sb-124 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.5X102 1.7X104
Sb-125 2.0 5.4X101 1.0 2.7X101 3.9X101 1.0X103
Sb-126 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 3.1X103 8.4X104
Sc-44 Scandium (21) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 6.7X105 1.8X107
Sc-46 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 1.3X103 3.4X104
Sc-47 1.0X101 2.7X102 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 3.1X104 8.3X105
Sc-48 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 5.5X104 1.5X106
Se-75 Selenium (34) 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 5.4X102 1.5X104
Se-79 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0 5.4X101 2.6X10-3 7.0X10-2
Si-31 Silicon (14) 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.4X106 3.9X107
Si-32 4.0X101 1.1X103 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 3.9 1.1X102
Sm-145 Samarium (62) 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 9.8X101 2.6X103
Sm-147 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 8.5X10-1 2.3X10-8
Sm-151 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0X101 2.7X102 9.7X10-1 2.6X101
Sm-153 9.0 2.4X102 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.6X104 4.4X105
Sn-113 (a) Tin (50) 4.0 1.1X102 2.0 5.4X101 3.7X102 1.0X104
Sn-117m 7.0 1.9X102 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 3.0X103 8.2X104
Sn-119m 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0X101 8.1X102 1.4X102 3.7X103
Sn-121m (a) 4.0X101 1.1X103 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 2.0 5.4X101
Sn-123 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 3.0X102 8.2X103
Sn-125 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X103 1.1X105
Sn-126 (a) 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.0X10-3 2.8X10-2
Sr-82 (a) Strontium (38) 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.3X103 6.2X104
Sr-85 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 8.8X102 2.4X104
Sr-85m 5.0 1.4X102 5.0 1.4X102 1.2X106 3.3X107
Sr-87m 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 4.8X105 1.3X107
Sr-89 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.1X103 2.9X104
Sr-90 (a) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 5.1 1.4X102
Sr-91 (a) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 1.3X105 3.6X106
Sr-92 (a) 1.0 2.7X101 3.0X10-1 8.1 4.7X105 1.3X107
T(H-3) Tritium (1) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.6X102 9.7X103
Ta-178 (long-lived) Tantalum (73) 1.0 2.7X101 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 4.2X106 1.1X108
Ta-179 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.0X101 8.1X102 4.1X101 1.1X103
Ta-182 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 2.3X102 6.2X103
Tb-157 Terbium (65) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 5.6X10-1 1.5X101
Tb-158 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 5.6X10-1 1.5X101
Tb-160 1.0 2.7X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 4.2X102 1.1X104
Tc-95m (a) Technetium (43) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 8.3X102 2.2X104
Tc-96 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.2X104 3.2X105
Tc-96m (a) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.4X106 3.8X107
Tc-97 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 5.2X10-5 1.4X10-3
Tc-97m 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0 2.7X101 5.6X102 1.5X104
Tc-98 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 3.2X10-5 8.7X10-4
Tc-99 4.0X101 1.1X103 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.3X10-4 1.7X10-2
Tc-99m 1.0X101 2.7X102 4.0 1.1X102 1.9X105 5.3X106
Te-121 Tellurium (52) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 2.4X103 6.4X104
Te-121m 5.0 1.4X102 3.0 8.1X101 2.6X102 7.0X103
Te-123m 8.0 2.2X102 1.0 2.7X101 3.3X102 8.9X103
Te-125m 2.0X101 5.4X102 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.7X102 1.8X104
Te-127 2.0X101 5.4X102 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 9.8X104 2.6X106
Te-127m (a) 2.0X101 5.4X102 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 3.5X102 9.4X103
Te-129 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 7.7X105 2.1X107
Te-129m (a) 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 1.1X103 3.0X104
Te-131m (a) 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 3.0X104 8.0X105
Te-132 (a) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 3.1X104 3.0X105
Th-227 Thorium (90) 1.0X101 2.7X102 5.0X10-3 1.4X10-1 1.1X103 3.1X104
Th-228 (a) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 3.0X101 8.2X102
Th-229 5.0 1.4X102 5.0X10-4 1.4X10-2 7.9X10-3 2.1X10-1
Th-230 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 7.6X10-4 2.1X10-2
Th-231 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 2.0X104 5.3X105
Th-232 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 4.0X10-9 1.1X10-7
Th-234 (a) 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 8.6X102 2.3X104
Th(nat) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 8.1X10-9 2.2X10-7
Ti-44 (a) Titanium (22) 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 6.4 1.7X102
Tl-200 Thallium (81) 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 2.2X104 6.0X105
Tl-201 1.0X101 2.7X102 4.0 1.1X102 7.9X103 2.1X105
Tl-202 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 2.0X103 5.3X104
Tl-204 1.0X101 2.7X102 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 1.7X101 4.6X102
Tm-167 Thulium (69) 7.0 1.9X102 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 3.1X103 8.5X104
Tm-170 3.0 8.1X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.2X102 6.0X103
Tm-171 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103
U-230 (fast lung absorption) (a)(d) Uranium (92) 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0X10-1 2.7 1.0X103 2.7X104
U-230 (medium lung absorption) (a)(e) 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X10-3 1.1X10-1 1.0X103 2.7X104
U-230 (slow lung absorption) (a)(f) 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.0X10-3 8.1X10-2 1.0X103 2.7X104
U-232 (fast lung absorption) (d) 4.0X101 1.1X103 1.0X10-2 2.7X10-1 8.3X10-1 2.2X101
U-232 (medium lung absorption) (e) 4.0X101 1.1X103 7.0X10-3 1.9X10-1 8.3X10-1 2.2X101
U-232 (slow lung absorption) (f) 1.0X101 2.7X102 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 8.3X10-1 2.2X101
U-233 (fast lung absorption) (d) 4.0X101 1.1X103 9.0X10-2 2.4 3.6X10-4 9.7X10-3
U-233 (medium lung absorption) (e) 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 3.6X10-4 9.7X10-3
U-233 (slow lung absorption) (f) 4.0X101 1.1X103 6.0X10-3 1.6X10-1 3.6X10-4 9.7X10-3
U-234 (fast lung absorption) (d) 4.0X101 1.1X103 9.0X10-2 2.4 2.3X10-4 6.2X10-3
U-234 (medium lung absorption) (e) 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 2.3X10-4 6.2X10-3
U-234 (slow lung absorption) (f) 4.0X101 1.1X103 6.0X10-3 1.6X10-1 2.3X10-4 6.2X10-3
U-235 (all lung absorption types) (a), (d), (e), (f) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 8.0X10-8 2.2X10-6
U-236 (fast lung absorption) (d) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 2.4X10-6 6.5X10-5
U-236 (medium lung absorption) (e) 4.0X101 1.1X103 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 2.4X10-6 6.5X10-5
U-236 (slow lung absorption) (f) 4.0X101 1.1X103 6.0X10-3 1.6X10-1 2.4X10-6 6.5X10-5
U-238 (all lung absorption types) (d), (e), (f) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 1.2X10-8 3.4X10-7
U (nat) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 2.6X10-8 7.1X10-7
U (enriched to 20% or less) (g) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited See Table A-4 See Table A-4
U (dep) Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited See Table A-4 See Table A-3
V-48 Vanadium (23) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 6.3X103 1.7X105
V-49 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0X102 8.1X103
W-178 (a) Tungsten (74) 9.0 2.4X102 5.0 1.4X102 1.3X103 3.4X104
W-181 3.0X101 8.1X102 3.0X101 8.1X102 2.2X102 6.0X103
W-185 4.0X101 1.1X103 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 3.5X102 9.4X103
W-187 2.0 5.4X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 2.6X104 7.0X105
W-188 (a) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.7X102 1.0X104
Xe-122 (a) Xenon (54) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.8X104 1.3X106
Xe-123 2.0 5.4X101 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 4.4X105 1.2X107
Xe-127 4.0 1.1X102 2.0 5.4X101 1.0X103 2.8X104
Xe-131m 4.0X101 1.1X103 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.1X103 8.4X104
Xe-133 2.0X101 5.4X102 1.0X101 2.7X102 6.9X103 1.9X105
Xe-135 3.0 8.1X101 2.0 5.4X101 9.5X104 2.6X106
Y-87 (a) Yttrium (39) 1.0 2.7X101 1.0 2.7X101 1.7X104 4.5X105
Y-88 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 5.2X102 1.4X104
Y-90 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 2.0X104 5.4X105
Y-91 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 9.1X102 2.5X104
Y-91m 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 1.5X106 4.2X107
Y-92 2.0X10-1 5.4 2.0X10-1 5.4 3.6X105 9.6X106
Y-93 3.0X10-1 8.1 3.0X10-1 8.1 1.2X105 3.3X106
Yb-169 Ytterbium (70) 4.0 1.1X102 1.0 2.7X101 8.9X102 2.4X104
Yb-175 3.0X101 8.1X102 9.0X10-1 2.4X101 6.6X103 1.8X105
Zn-65 Zinc (30) 2.0 5.4X101 2.0 5.4X101 3.0X102 8.2X103
Zn-69 3.0 8.1X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.8X106 4.9X107
Zn-69m (a) 3.0 8.1X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 1.2X105 3.3X106
Zr-88 Zirconium (40) 3.0 8.1X101 3.0 8.1X101 6.6X102 1.8X104
Zr-93 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 9.3X10-5 2.5X10-3
Zr-95 (a) 2.0 5.4X101 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 7.9X102 2.1X104
Zr-97 (a) 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 7.1X104 1.9X106

(a) A1 and/or A2 values include contributions from daughter nuclides with half-lives less than ten days.
(b) (Reserved.)
(c) The quantity may be determined from a measurement of the rate of decay or a measurement of the radiation level at a prescribed distance from the source.
(d) These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UF6, UO2F2 and UO2(NO3)2 in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
(e) These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UO3, UF4, UCI4 and hexavalent compounds in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
(f) These values apply to all compounds of uranium other than those specified in notes (d) and (e) of this table.
(g) These values apply to unirradiated uranium only.
(h) A1 = 0.1 TBq (2.7 Ci) and A2 = 0.001 TBq (0.027 Ci) for Cf-252 for domestic use.
(i) A2 = 0.74 TBq (20 Ci) for Mo-99 for domestic use.

Table A-2. -- Exempt Material Activity Concentrations and Exempt Consignment Activity Limits for Radionuclides

Symbol of radionuclide Element and atomic number Activity concentration for exempt material (Bq/g) Activity concentration for exempt material (Ci/g) Activity limit for exempt consignment (Bq) Activity limit for exempt consignment (Ci)
Ac-225 Actinium (89) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Ac-227 - 1.0X10-1 2.7X10-12 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Ac-228 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ag-105 Silver (47) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ag-108m (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ag-110m - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ag-111 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Al-26 Aluminum (13) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Am-241 Americium (95) 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Am-242m (b) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Am-243 (b) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Ar-37 Argon (18) 1.0X106 2.7X10-5 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Ar-39 - 1.0X107 2.7X10-4 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Ar-41 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
As-72 Arsenic (33) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
As-73 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
As-74 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
As-76 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
As-77 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
At-211 Astatine (85) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Au-193 Gold (79) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Au-194 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Au-195 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Au-198 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Au-199 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ba-131 Barium (56) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ba-133 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ba-133m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ba-140 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Be-7 Beryllium (4) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Be-10 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Bi-205 Bismuth (83) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Bi-206 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Bi-207 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Bi-210 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Bi-210m - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Bi-212 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Bk-247 Berkelium (97) 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Bk-249 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Br-76 Bromine (35) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Br-77 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Br-82 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
C-11 Carbon (6) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
C-14 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Ca-41 Calcium (20) 1.0X105 2.7X10-6 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Ca-45 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Ca-47 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cd-109 Cadmium (48) 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cd-113m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cd-115 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cd-115m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ce-139 Cerium (58) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ce-141 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Ce-143 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ce-144 (b) - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cf-248 Californium (98) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cf-249 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Cf-250 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cf-251 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Cf-252 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cf-253 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cf-254 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Cl-36 Chlorine (17) 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cl-38 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cm-240 Curium (96) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cm-241 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cm-242 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cm-243 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cm-244 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cm-245 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Cm-246 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Cm-247 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cm-248 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Co-55 Cobalt (27) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Co-56 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Co-57 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Co-58 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Co-58m - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Co-60 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cr-51 Chromium (24) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Cs-129 Cesium (55) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cs-131 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cs-132 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cs-134 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cs-134m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cs-135 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Cs-136 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Cs-137 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Cu-64 Copper (29) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Cu-67 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Dy-159 Dysprosium (66) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Dy-165 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Dy-166 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Er-169 Erbium (68) 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Er-171 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-147 Europium (63) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-148 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-149 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Eu-150 (short lived) - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-150 (long lived) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-152 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-152m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-154 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Eu-155 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Eu-156 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
F-18 Fluorine (9) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Fe-52 Iron (26) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Fe-55 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Fe-59 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Fe-60 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ga-67 Gallium (31) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ga-68 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ga-72 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Gd-146 Gadolinium (64) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Gd-148 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Gd-153 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Gd-159 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ge-68 Germanium (32) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ge-71 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Ge-77 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Hf-172 Hafnium (72) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Hf-175 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Hf-181 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Hf-182 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Hg-194 Mercury (80) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Hg-195m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Hg-197 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Hg-197m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Hg-203 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ho-166 Holmium (67) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ho-166m - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
I-123 Iodine (53) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
I-124 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
I-125 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
I-126 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
I-129 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
I-131 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
I-132 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
I-133 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
I-134 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
I-135 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
In-111 Indium (49) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
In-113m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
In-114m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
In-115m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ir-189 Iridium (77) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Ir-190 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ir-192 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Ir-194 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
K-40 Potassium (19) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
K-42 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
K-43 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Kr-81 Krypton (36) 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Kr-85 - 1.0X105 2.7X10-6 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Kr-85m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X1010 2.7X10-1
Kr-87 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
La-137 Lanthanum (57) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
La-140 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Lu-172 Lutetium (71) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Lu-173 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Lu-174 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Lu-174m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Lu-177 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Mg-28 Magnesium (12) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Mn-52 Manganese (25) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Mn-53 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
Mn-54 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Mn-56 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Mo-93 Molybdenum (42) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Mo-99 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
N-13 Nitrogen (7) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
Na-22 Sodium (11) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Na-24 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Nb-93m Niobium (41) 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Nb-94 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Nb-95 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Nb-97 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Nd-147 Neodymium (60) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Nd-149 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ni-59 Nickel (28) 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Ni-63 - 1.0X105 2.7X10-6 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Ni-65 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Np-235 Neptunium (93) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Np-236 (short-lived) - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Np-236 (long-lived) - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Np-237 (b) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Np-239 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Os-185 Osmium (76) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Os-191 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Os-191m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Os-193 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Os-194 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
P-32 Phosphorus (15) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
P-33 - 1.0X105 2.7X10-6 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Pa-230 Protactinium (91) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pa-231 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Pa-233 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Pb-201 Lead (82) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pb-202 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pb-203 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pb-205 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Pb-210 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Pb-212 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Pd-103 Palladium (46) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Pd-107 - 1.0X105 2.7X10-6 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Pd-109 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pm-143 Promethium (61) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pm-144 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pm-145 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Pm-147 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Pm-148m - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pm-149 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pm-151 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Po-210 Polonium (84) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Pr-142 Praseodymium (59) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Pr-143 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pt-188 Platinum (78) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pt-191 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pt-193 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Pt-193m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Pt-195m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pt-197 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pt-197m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Pu-236 Plutonium (94) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Pu-237 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Pu-238 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Pu-239 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Pu-240 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Pu-241 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Pu-242 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Pu-244 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Ra-223 (b) Radium (88) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ra-224 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ra-225 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Ra-226 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Ra-228 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Rb-81 Rubidium (37) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Rb-83 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Rb-84 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Rb-86 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Rb-87 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Rb (nat) - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Re-184 Rhenium (75) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Re-184m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Re-186 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Re-187 - 1.0X106 2.7X10-5 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
Re-188 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Re-189 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Re (nat) - 1.0X106 2.7X10-5 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
Rh-99 Rhodium (45) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Rh-101 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Rh-102 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Rh-102m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Rh-103m - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Rh-105 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Rn-222 (b) Radon (86) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Ru-97 Ruthenium (44) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Ru-103 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ru-105 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ru-106 (b) - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
S-35 Sulphur (16) 1.0X105 2.7X10-6 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Sb-122 Antimony (51) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Sb-124 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sb-125 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sb-126 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Sc-44 Scandium (21) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Sc-46 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sc-47 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sc-48 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Se-75 Selenium (34) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Se-79 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Si-31 Silicon (14) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Si-32 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sm-145 Samarium (62) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Sm-147 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Sm-151 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Sm-153 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sn-113 Tin (50) 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Sn-117m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sn-119m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Sn-121m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Sn-123 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sn-125 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Sn-126 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Sr-82 Strontium (38) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Sr-85 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sr-85m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Sr-87m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sr-89 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Sr-90 (b) - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Sr-91 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Sr-92 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
T(H-3) Tritium (1) 1.0X106 2.7X10-5 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
Ta-178 (long-lived) Tantalum (73) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Ta-179 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Ta-182 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Tb-157 Terbium (65) 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Tb-158 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tb-160 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tc-95m Technetium (43) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tc-96 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tc-96m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Tc-97 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
Tc-97m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Tc-98 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tc-99 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Tc-99m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Te-121 Tellurium (52) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Te-121m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Te-123m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Te-125m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Te-127 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Te-127m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Te-129 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Te-129m - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Te-131m - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Te-132 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Th-227 Thorium (90) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Th-228 (b) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Th-229 (b) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Th-230 - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Th-231 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Th-232 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Th-234 (b) - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Th (nat) (b) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
Ti-44 Titanium (22) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Tl-200 Thallium (81) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tl-201 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tl-202 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tl-204 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Tm-167 Thulium (69) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tm-170 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Tm-171 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X108 2.7X10-3
U-230

(fast lung absorption) (b), (d)

Uranium (92) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
U-230 (medium lung absorption) (e) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-230 (slow lung absorption) (f) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-232 (fast lung absorption) (b), (d) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
U-232 (medium lung absorption) (e) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-232 (slow lung absorption) (f) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-233 (fast lung absorption) (d) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-233 (medium lung absorption) (e) - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
U-233 (slow lung absorption) (f) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
U-234 (fast lung absorption) (d) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-234 (medium lung absorption) (e) - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
U-234 (slow lung absorption) (f) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
U-235 (all lung absorption types) (b), (d), (e), (f) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-236 (fast lung absorption) (d) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-236 (medium lung absorption) (e) - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
U-236 (slow lung absorption) (f) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U-238 (all lung absorption types) (b), (d), (e), (f) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
U (nat) (b) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
U (enriched to 20% or less) (g) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
U (dep) - 1.0 2.7X10-11 1.0X103 2.7X10-8
V-48 Vanadium (23) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
V-49 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
W-178 Tungsten (74) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
W-181 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
W-185 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
W-187 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
W-188 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Xe-122 Xenon (54) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
Xe-123 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X109 2.7X10-2
Xe-127 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Xe-131m - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Xe-133 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X104 2.7X10-7
Xe-135 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X1010 2.7X10-1
Y-87 Yttrium (39) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Y-88 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Y-90 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Y-91 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Y-91m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Y-92 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Y-93 - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X105 2.7X10-6
Yb-169 Ytterbium (70) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Yb-175 - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Zn-65 Zinc (30) 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Zn-69 - 1.0X104 2.7X10-7 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Zn-69m - 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Zr-88 Zirconium (40) 1.0X102 2.7X10-9 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Zr-93 (b) - 1.0X103 2.7X10-8 1.0X107 2.7X10-4
Zr-95 - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X106 2.7X10-5
Zr-97 (b) - 1.0X101 2.7X10-10 1.0X105 2.7X10-6

(a) (Reserved)
(b) Parent nuclides and their progeny included in secular equilibrium are listed in the following:
Sr-90 Y-90
Zr-93 Nb-93m
Zr-97 Nb-97
Ru-106 Rh-106
Cs-137 Ba-137m
Ce-134 La-134
Ce-144 Pr-144
Ba-140 La-140
Bi-212 Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Pb-210 Bi-210, Po-210
Pb-212 Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Rn-220 Po-216
Rn-222 Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214
Ra-223 Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211, Tl-207
Ra-224 Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Ra-226 Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210
Ra-228 Ac-228
Th-226 Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
Th-228 Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Th-229 Ra-225, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209
Th-nat Ra-228, Ac-228, Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
Th-234 Pa-234m
U-230 Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
U-232 Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)
U-235 Th-231
U-238 Th-234, Pa-234m
U-nat Th-234, Pa-234m, U-234, Th-230, Ra-226, Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210
U-240 Np-240m
Np-237 Pa-233
Am-242m Am-242
Am-243 Np-239

(c) (Reserved)
(d) These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UF6, UO2F2 and UO2(NO3)2 in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
(e) These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UO3, UF4, UCl4 and hexavalent compounds in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
(f) These values apply to all compounds of uranium other than those specified in notes (d) and (e) of this table.
(g) These values apply to unirradiated uranium only.

Table A-3. General Values for A1 and A2

A1 A2
Contents (TBq) (Ci) (TBq) (Ci) Activity concentration for exempt material

     (Bq/g)

Activity concentration for exempt material (Ci/g) Activity limits for exempt consignments (Bq) Activity limits for exempt consignments (Ci)
Only beta or gamma emitting radionuclides are known to be present 1 x 10-1 2.7 x 100 2 x 10-2 5.4 x 10-1 1 x 101 2.7 x 10-10 1 x 104 2.7 x 10-7
Only alpha emitting radionuclides are known to be present 2 x 10-1 5.4 x 100 9 x 10-5 2.4 x 10-3 1 x 10-1 2.7 x 10-12 1 x 103 2.7 x 10-8
No relevant data are available 1 x 10-3 2.7 x 10-2 9 x 10-5 2.4 x 10-3 1 x 10-1 2.7 x 10-12 1 x 103 2.7 x 10-8

Table A-4.
Activity-Mass Relationships for Uranium

Specific Activity
Uranium Enrichment1

wt % U-235 present

TBq/g Ci/g
0.45 1.8 x 10-8 5.0 x 10-7
0.72 2.6 x 10-8 7.1 x 10-7
1 2.8 x 10-8 7.6 x 10-7
1.5 3.7 x 10-8 1.0 x 10-6
5 1.0 x 10-7 2.7 x 10-6
10 1.8 x 10-7 4.8 x 10-6
20 3.7 x 10-7 1.0 x 10-5
35 7.4 x 10-7 2.0 x 10-5
50 9.3 x 10-7 2.5 x 10-5
90 2.2 x 10-6 5.8 x 10-5
93 2.6 x 10-6 7.0 x 10-5
95 3.4 x 10-6 9.1 x 10-5

1 The figures for uranium include representative values for the activity of the uranium-234 that is concentrated during the enrichment process.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 08-09-093, § 246-231-200, filed 4/18/08, effective 5/19/08; 99-15-105, § 246-231-200, filed 7/21/99, effective 8/21/99.]

OTS-2737.3


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 06-05-019, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06)

WAC 246-240-001   Purpose and scope.   This chapter contains the requirements and provisions for the medical use of radioactive material and for issuance of specific licenses authorizing the medical use of this material. These requirements and provisions provide for the radiation safety of workers, the general public, patients, and human research subjects. The requirements and provisions of chapters 246-220, 246-221, 246-222, 246-232, 246-235, and 246-254 WAC, apply to applicants and licensees subject to this chapter unless specifically exempted. ((When a requirement in this chapter differs from the requirement in an existing license condition, the requirement in this chapter shall govern.))

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 06-05-019, § 246-240-001, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.70.040. 91-02-049 (Order 121), recodified as § 246-240-001, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91; Order 1084, § 402-32-010, filed 1/14/76; Order 1, § 402-32-010, filed 1/8/69; Rules (part), filed 10/26/66.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 09-06-003, filed 2/18/09, effective 3/21/09)

WAC 246-240-010   Definitions.   Address of use means the building or buildings that are identified on the license and where radioactive material may be received, prepared, used, or stored.

     (1) Area of use means a portion of an address of use that has been set aside for the purpose of receiving, preparing, using, or storing radioactive material.

     (2) Authorized medical physicist means an individual who:

     (((1))) (a) Meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-072 and 246-240-081; or

     (((2))) (b) Is identified as an authorized medical physicist or teletherapy physicist on:

     (((a))) (i) A specific medical use license issued by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state;

     (((b))) (ii) A medical use permit issued by a U.S. NRC master material licensee;

     (((c))) (iii) A permit issued by a U.S. NRC or agreement state broad scope medical use licensee; or

     (((d))) (iv) A permit issued by a U.S. NRC master material license broad scope medical use permittee.

     (3) Authorized nuclear pharmacist means a pharmacist who:

     (((1))) (a) Meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-075 and 246-240-081; or

     (((2))) (b) Is identified as an authorized nuclear pharmacist on:

     (((a))) (i) A specific license issued by the department, the U.S. NRC or an agreement state, that authorizes medical use or the practice of nuclear pharmacy;

     (((b))) (ii) A permit issued by a U.S. NRC master material licensee that authorizes medical use or the practice of nuclear pharmacy;

     (((c))) (iii) A permit issued by a U.S. NRC or agreement state broad scope medical use licensee that authorizes medical use or the practice of nuclear pharmacy; or

     (((d))) (iv) A permit issued by a U.S. NRC master material license broad scope medical use permittee that authorizes medical use or the practice of nuclear pharmacy; or

     (((3))) (c) Is identified as an authorized nuclear pharmacist by a commercial nuclear pharmacy that has been authorized to identify authorized nuclear pharmacists; or

     (((4))) (d) Is designated as an authorized nuclear pharmacist in accordance with WAC 246-235-100(2).

     (4) Authorized user means a physician, dentist, or podiatrist who:

     (((1))) (a) Meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-081 and 246-240-154, 246-240-163, 246-240-210, 246-240-213, 246-240-216, 246-240-278, 246-240-301, or 246-240-399; or

     (((2))) (b) Is identified as an authorized user on:

     (((a))) (i) A department, U.S. NRC, or agreement state license that authorizes the medical use of radioactive material; or

     (((b))) (ii) A permit issued by a U.S. NRC master material licensee that is authorized to permit the medical use of radioactive material; or

     (((c))) (iii) A permit issued by a department, U.S. NRC, or agreement state specific licensee of broad scope that is authorized to permit the medical use of radioactive material; or

     (((d))) (iv) A permit issued by a U.S. NRC master material license broad scope permittee that is authorized to permit the medical use of radioactive material.

     (5) Brachytherapy means a method of radiation therapy in which sources are used to deliver a radiation dose at a distance of up to a few centimeters by surface, intracavitary, intraluminal, or interstitial application.

     (6) Brachytherapy source means a radioactive source or a manufacturer-assembled source train or a combination of these sources that is designed to deliver a therapeutic dose within a distance of a few centimeters.

     (7) Client's address means the area of use or a temporary job site for the purpose of providing mobile medical service in accordance with WAC 246-240-125.

     (8) Cyclotron means a particle accelerator in which the charged particles travel in an outward spiral or circular path. A cyclotron accelerates charged particles at energies usually in excess of 10 megaelectron volts and is commonly used for production of short half-life radionuclides for medical use.

     (9) Dedicated check source means a radioactive source that is used to assure the constant operation of a radiation detection or measurement device over several months or years.

     (10) Dentist means an individual licensed by a state or territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to practice dentistry.

     (11) High dose-rate remote afterloader, as used in this chapter, means a brachytherapy device that remotely delivers a dose rate in excess of 12 gray (1200 rads) per hour at the point or surface where the dose is prescribed.

     (12) Low dose-rate remote afterloader, as used in this chapter, means a brachytherapy device that remotely delivers a dose rate of less than or equal to 2 gray (200 rads) per hour at the point or surface where the dose is prescribed.

     (13) Management means the chief executive officer or other individual having the authority to manage, direct, or administer the licensee's activities, or that person's delegate or delegates.

     (14) Manual brachytherapy, as used in this chapter, means a type of brachytherapy in which the brachytherapy sources (e.g., seeds, ribbons) are manually placed topically on or inserted either into the body cavities that are in close proximity to a treatment site or directly into the tissue volume.

     (15) Medical event means an event that meets the criteria in WAC 246-240-651.

     (16) Medical institution means an organization in which more than one medical discipline is practiced.

     (17) Medical use means the intentional internal or external administration of radioactive material or the radiation from radioactive material to patients or human research subjects under the supervision of an authorized user.

     (18) Medium dose-rate remote afterloader, as used in this chapter, means a brachytherapy device that remotely delivers a dose rate of greater than 2 gray (200 rads), but less than or equal to 12 grays (1200 rads) per hour at the point or surface where the dose is prescribed.

     (19) Mobile medical service means the transportation of radioactive material to and its medical use at the client's address.

     (20) Output means the exposure rate, dose rate, or a quantity related in a known manner to these rates from a brachytherapy source or a teletherapy, remote afterloader, or gamma stereotactic radiosurgery unit for a specified set of exposure conditions.

     (21) Patient intervention means actions by the patient or human research subject, whether intentional or unintentional, such as dislodging or removing treatment devices or prematurely terminating the administration.

     (22) Podiatrist means an individual licensed by a state or territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to practice podiatry.

     (23) Positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide production facility means a facility operating an accelerator for the purpose of producing PET radionuclides.

     (24) Preceptor means an individual who provides, directs, or verifies training and experience required for an individual to become an authorized user, an authorized medical physicist, an authorized nuclear pharmacist, or a radiation safety officer.

     (25) Prescribed dosage means the specified activity or range of activity of unsealed radioactive material as documented:

     (((1))) (a) In a written directive; or

     (((2))) (b) In accordance with the directions of the authorized user for procedures performed under WAC 246-240-151 and 246-240-157.

     (26) Prescribed dose means:

     (((1))) (a) For gamma stereotactic radiosurgery, the total dose as documented in the written directive;

     (((2))) (b) For teletherapy, the total dose and dose per fraction as documented in the written directive;

     (((3))) (c) For manual brachytherapy, either the total source strength and exposure time or the total dose, as documented in the written directive; or

     (((4))) (d) For remote brachytherapy afterloaders, the total dose and dose per fraction as documented in the written directive.

     (27) Pulsed dose-rate remote afterloader, as used in this chapter, means a special type of remote afterloading brachytherapy device that uses a single source capable of delivering dose rates in the "high dose-rate" range, but:

     (((1))) (a) Is approximately one-tenth of the activity of typical high dose-rate remote afterloader sources; and

     (((2))) (b) Is used to simulate the radiobiology of a low dose-rate treatment by inserting the source for a given fraction of each hour.

     (28) Radiation safety officer means an individual who:

     (((1))) (a) Meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-069 and 246-240-081; or

     (((2))) (b) Is identified as a radiation safety officer on a specific medical use license issued by the department prior to October 5, 2005, the U.S. NRC or an agreement state; or

     (((3))) (c) A medical use permit issued by a commission master material licensee.

     (29) Sealed source and device registry means the national registry that contains all the registration certificates, generated by both the U.S. NRC and the agreement states, that summarize the radiation safety information for the sealed sources and devices and describe the licensing and use conditions approved for the product.

     (30) Stereotactic radiosurgery means the use of external radiation in conjunction with a stereotactic guidance device to very precisely deliver a therapeutic dose to a tissue volume.

     (31) Structured educational program means an educational program designed to impart particular knowledge and practical education through interrelated studies and supervised training.

     (32) Teletherapy, as used in this chapter, means a method of radiation therapy in which collimated gamma rays are delivered at a distance from the patient or human research subject.

     (33) Temporary job site means a location where mobile medical services are conducted other than those location(s) of use authorized on the license.

     (34) Therapeutic dosage means a dosage of unsealed radioactive material that is intended to deliver a radiation dose to a patient or human research subject for palliative or curative treatment.

     (35) Therapeutic dose means a radiation dose delivered from a source containing radioactive material to a patient or human research subject for palliative or curative treatment.

     (36) Treatment site means the anatomical description of the tissue intended to receive a radiation dose, as described in a written directive.

     (37) Type of use means use of radioactive material under WAC 246-240-151, 246-240-157, 246-240-201, 246-240-251, 246-240-301, 246-240-351, or 246-240-501.

     (38) Unit dosage means a dosage prepared for medical use for administration as a single dosage to a patient or human research subject without any further manipulation of the dosage after it is initially prepared.

     (39) Written directive means an authorized user's written order for the administration of radioactive material or radiation from radioactive material to a specific patient or human research subject, as specified in WAC 246-240-060.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050 and 70.98.080. 09-06-003, § 246-240-010, filed 2/18/09, effective 3/21/09. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-010, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-010, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06; 98-13-037, § 246-240-010, filed 6/8/98, effective 7/9/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050 and 70.98.080. 92-06-008 (Order 245), § 246-240-010, filed 2/21/92, effective 3/23/92.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-069   Training for radiation safety officer.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an individual fulfilling the responsibilities of the radiation safety officer under WAC 246-240-051 to be an individual who:

     (1) Is certified by a specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. NRC, or an agreement state, and who meets the requirements of subsections (4) and (5) of this section. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page, at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Hold a bachelor's or graduate degree from an accredited college or university in physical science or engineering or biological science with a minimum of twenty college credits in physical science;

     (b) Have five or more years of professional experience in health physics (graduate training may be substituted for no more than two years of the required experience) including at least three years in applied health physics; and

     (c) Pass an examination administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which evaluates knowledge and competence in radiation physics and instrumentation, radiation protection, mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity, radiation biology, and radiation dosimetry; or

     (i) Hold a master's or doctor's degree in physics, medical physics, other physical science, engineering, or applied mathematics from an accredited college or university;

     (ii) Have two years of full-time practical training and/or supervised experience in medical physics:

     (A) Under the supervision of a medical physicist who is certified in medical physics by a specialty board recognized by the commission or an agreement state; or

     (B) In clinical nuclear medicine facilities providing diagnostic and/or therapeutic services under the direction of physicians who meet the requirements for authorized users in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-163 or 246-240-210; and

     (iii) Pass an examination, administered by diplomates of the specialty board, that assesses knowledge and competence in clinical diagnostic radiological or nuclear medicine physics and in radiation safety; or

     (d) Obtain written certification under oath signed by a preceptor radiation safety officer that the individual has achieved a level of radiation safety knowledge sufficient to function independently as a radiation safety officer for a medical use licensee; or

     (2)(a) Has completed a structured educational program consisting of both:

     (i) Two hundred hours of classroom and laboratory training in the following areas:

     (A) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (B) Radiation protection;

     (C) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (D) Radiation biology; and

     (E) Radiation dosimetry; and

     (ii) One year of full-time radiation safety experience under the supervision of the individual identified as the radiation safety officer on a department or agreement state license or license issued by the U.S. NRC that authorizes similar type(s) of use(s) of radioactive material involving the following:

     (A) Shipping, receiving, and performing related radiation surveys;

     (B) Using and performing checks for proper operation of instruments used to determine the activity of dosages, survey meters, and instruments used to measure radionuclides;

     (C) Securing and controlling radioactive material;

     (D) Using administrative controls to avoid mistakes in the administration of radioactive material;

     (E) Using procedures to prevent or minimize radioactive contamination and using proper decontamination procedures;

     (F) Using emergency procedures to control radioactive material; and

     (G) Disposing of radioactive material; or

     (b) Is a medical physicist who has been certified by a specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. NRC, or an agreement state under WAC 246-240-072 and has experience in radiation safety for similar types of use of radioactive material for which the licensee is seeking the approval of the individual as radiation safety officer and who meets the requirements in subsections (4) and (5) of this section; or

     (3) Is an authorized user, authorized medical physicist, or authorized nuclear pharmacist identified on the licensee's license or a medical physicist who has been certified by a specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state under WAC 246-240-072 and has experience with the radiation safety aspects of similar types of use of radioactive material for which the individual has radiation safety officer responsibilities; and

     (4) Has obtained written certification under oath, signed by a preceptor radiation safety officer, that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsection (5) of this section, and in subsection (1)(a) and (b), or (c)(i) and (ii) of this section, or subsection (2)(a) or (b) of this section, or subsection (3) of this section and has achieved a level of radiation safety knowledge sufficient to function independently as a radiation safety officer for a medical use licensee; and

     (5) Has training in the radiation safety, regulatory issues, and emergency procedures for the types of use for which a licensee seeks approval. This training requirement may be satisfied by completing training that is supervised by an authorized medical physicist, authorized user, authorized nuclear pharmacist, or radiation safety officer, as appropriate, who is authorized for the type(s) of use for which the licensee is seeking approval.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-069, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-069, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-072   Training for an authorized medical physicist.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require the authorized medical physicist to be an individual who:

     (1) Is certified by a specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state and who meets the requirements in subsections (2)(b) and (3) of this section. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the commission or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Hold a master's or doctor's degree in physics, medical physics, other physical science, engineering, or applied mathematics from an accredited college or university;

     (b) Have two years of full-time practical training and/or supervised experience in medical physics:

     (i) Under the supervision of a medical physicist who is certified in medical physics by a specialty board recognized by the commission or an agreement state; or

     (ii) In clinical radiation facilities providing high energy, external beam therapy (photons and electrons with energies greater than or equal to one million electron volts) and brachytherapy services under the direction of physicians who meet the requirements for authorized users in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-278 or 246-240-399;

     (c) Pass an examination, administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which assesses knowledge and competence in clinical radiation therapy, radiation safety, calibration, quality assurance, and treatment planning for external beam therapy, brachytherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery; or

     (2)(a) Holds a master's or doctor's degree in physics, medical physics, other physical science, engineering, or applied mathematics from an accredited college or university; and has completed one year of full-time training in medical physics and an additional year of full-time work experience under the supervision of an individual who meets the requirements for an authorized medical physicist for the type(s) of use modalities for which the individual is seeking authorization. This training and work experience must be conducted in clinical radiation facilities that provide high energy, external beam therapy and brachytherapy services and must include:

     (i) Performing sealed source leak tests and inventories;

     (ii) Performing decay corrections;

     (iii) Performing full calibration and periodic spot checks of external beam treatment units, stereotactic radiosurgery units, and remote afterloading units as applicable; and

     (iv) Conducting radiation surveys around external beam treatment units, stereotactic radiosurgery units, and remote afterloading units as applicable; and

     (b) Has obtained written certification under oath that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsections (1)(a) and (b) and (3), or (2)(a) and (3) of this section, and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized medical physicist for each type of therapeutic medical unit for which the individual is requesting authorized medical physicist status. The written certification under oath must be signed by a preceptor authorized medical physicist who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-072, 246-240-078, or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements for an authorized medical physicist for each type of therapeutic medical unit for which the individual is requesting authorized medical physicist status; and

     (3) Has training for the type(s) of use in the modalities for which authorization is sought that includes hands-on device operation, safety procedures, clinical use, and the operation of a treatment planning system. This training requirement may be satisfied by satisfactorily completing either a training program provided by the vendor or by training supervised by an authorized medical physicist authorized for the type(s) of use for which the individual is seeking authorization.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-072, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-072, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 06-05-019, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06)

WAC 246-240-075   Training for an authorized nuclear pharmacist.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require the authorized nuclear pharmacist to be a pharmacist who:

     (1) Is certified by a specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state and who meets the requirements in subsection (2)(b) of this section. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the commission or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Have graduated from a pharmacy program accredited by the American Council On Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE) or have passed the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Examination Committee (FPGEC) examination;

     (b) Hold a current, active license to practice pharmacy;

     (c) Provide evidence of having acquired at least four thousand hours of training/experience in nuclear pharmacy practice. Academic training may be substituted for no more than two thousand hours of the required training and experience; and

     (d) Pass an examination in nuclear pharmacy administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which assesses knowledge and competency in procurement, compounding, quality assurance, dispensing, distribution, health and safety, radiation safety, provision of information and consultation, monitoring patient outcomes, research and development; or

     (2)(a) Has completed two hundred hours in a structured educational program consisting of both:

     (i) Didactic training in the following areas:

     (A) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (B) Radiation protection;

     (C) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (D) Chemistry of radioactive material for medical use; and

     (E) Radiation biology; and

     (ii) Supervised practical experience in a nuclear pharmacy involving:

     (A) Shipping, receiving, and performing related radiation surveys;

     (B) Using and performing checks for proper operation of instruments used to determine the activity of dosages, survey meters, and, if appropriate, instruments used to measure alpha-or beta-emitting radionuclides;

     (C) Calculating, assaying, and safely preparing dosages for patients or human research subjects;

     (D) Using administrative controls to avoid medical events in the administration of radioactive material; and

     (E) Using procedures to prevent or minimize radioactive contamination and using proper decontamination procedures; and

     (b) Has obtained written certification under oath, signed by a preceptor authorized nuclear pharmacist, that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsections (1)(a), (b), and (c) or (2)(a) of this section and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized nuclear pharmacist.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 06-05-019, § 246-240-075, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 06-05-019, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06)

WAC 246-240-078   Training for experienced radiation safety officer, teletherapy or medical physicist, authorized user, and nuclear pharmacist.   (1) An individual identified as a radiation safety officer, a teletherapy or medical physicist, or a nuclear pharmacist on a department, U.S. NRC, or agreement state license, or a permit issued by an agreement state or U.S. NRC broad scope licensee or master material license permit, or by a master material license permittee of broad scope before October 24, 2006, need not comply with the training requirements of WAC 246-240-278, 246-240-072, or 246-240-075, respectively.

     (2) Physicians, dentists, or podiatrists identified as authorized users for the medical use of radioactive material on a license issued by the department or agreement state, or U.S. NRC broad scope license, or license issued before October 24, 2006, who perform only those medical uses for which they were authorized on that date need not comply with the training requirements of WAC 246-240-151 and 246-240-399.

     (3) Individuals who need not comply with training requirements as described in this section may serve as preceptors for, and supervisors of, applicants seeking authorization on state of Washington radioactive materials licenses for the same uses for which these individuals are authorized.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 06-05-019, § 246-240-078, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-154   Training for uptake, dilution, and excretion studies.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user of unsealed radioactive material for the uses authorized under WAC 246-240-151 to be a physician who:

     (1) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state and who meets the requirements of subsection (3)(b) of this section. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. NRC or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Meet the requirements in subsection (3)(a) of this section; and

     (b) Pass an examination, administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which assesses knowledge and competence in radiation safety, radionuclide handling, and quality control; or

     (2) Is an authorized user under WAC 246-240-163 or 246-240-210 or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements; or subsection (3)(a) of this section; or

     (3)(a) Has completed sixty hours of training and experience, including a minimum of eight hours of classroom and laboratory training, in basic radionuclide handling techniques applicable to the medical use of unsealed radioactive material for uptake, dilution, and excretion studies. The training and experience must include:

     (i) Classroom and laboratory training in the following areas:

     (A) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (B) Radiation protection;

     (C) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (D) Chemistry of radioactive material for medical use; and

     (E) Radiation biology; and

     (ii) Work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-154, 246-240-163, or 246-240-210 or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements, involving:

     (A) Ordering, receiving, and unpacking radioactive materials safely and performing the related radiation surveys;

     (B) Performing quality control procedures on instruments used to determine the activity of dosages and performing checks for proper operation of survey meters;

     (C) Calculating, measuring, and safely preparing patient or human research subject dosages;

     (D) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of unsealed radioactive material;

     (E) Using procedures to contain spilled radioactive material safely and using proper decontamination procedures; and

     (F) Administering dosages of radioactive drugs to patients or human research subjects; and

     (b) Has obtained written certification under oath, signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-154, 246-240-163, or 246-240-210, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements, that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in (a) of this subsection and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user for the medical uses authorized under WAC 246-240-151.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-154, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-154, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-163   Training for imaging and localization studies.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user of unsealed radioactive material for the uses authorized under WAC 246-240-157 to be a physician who:

     (1) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state and who meets the requirements in subsection (3)(b) of this section. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the commission or an agreement state will be posted on the U.S. NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Satisfy the requirements in subsection (3)(a) of this section; and

     (b) Pass an examination, administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which assesses knowledge and competence in radiation safety, radionuclide handling, and quality control; or

     (2) Is an authorized user under WAC 246-240-210 and meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-163 (3)(a)(ii)(G) and 246-240-210 or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements; or

     (3)(a) Has completed seven hundred hours of training and experience, including a minimum of eighty hours of classroom and laboratory training, in basic radionuclide handling techniques applicable to the medical use of unsealed radioactive material for imaging and localization studies. The training and experience must include, at a minimum:

     (i) Classroom and laboratory training in the following areas:

     (A) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (B) Radiation protection;

     (C) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (D) Chemistry of radioactive material for medical use;

     (E) Radiation biology; and

     (ii) Work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user, who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-163, or 246-240-210 and 246-240-163 (3)(a)(ii)(G), or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements, involving:

     (A) Ordering, receiving, and unpacking radioactive materials safely and performing the related radiation surveys;

     (B) Performing quality control procedures on instruments used to determine the activity of dosages and performing checks for proper operation of survey meters;

     (C) Calculating, measuring, and safely preparing patient or human research subject dosages;

     (D) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of unsealed radioactive material;

     (E) Using procedures to safely contain spilled radioactive material and using proper decontamination procedures;

     (F) Administering dosages of radioactive drugs to patients or human research subjects; and

     (G) Eluting generator systems appropriate for preparation of radioactive drugs for imaging and localization studies, measuring and testing the eluate for radionuclidic purity, and processing the eluate with reagent kits to prepare labeled radioactive drugs; and

     (b) Has obtained written certification under oath, signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-163, or 246-240-210 and 246-240-163 (3)(a)(ii)(G) or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements, that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in (a) of this subsection and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user for the medical uses authorized under WAC 246-240-151 and 246-240-157.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-163, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-163, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-210   Training for use of unsealed radioactive material for which a written directive is required.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user of unsealed radioactive material for the uses authorized under WAC 246-240-201 to be a physician who:

     (1) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the commission or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Successfully complete a residency training in a radiation therapy or nuclear medicine training program or a program in a related medical specialty that includes seven hundred hours of training and experience as described in subsection (2) of this section. Eligible training programs must be approved by the Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Committee on Postgraduate Training of the American Osteopathic Association;

     (b) Pass an examination, administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which tests knowledge and competence in radiation safety, radionuclide handling, quality assurance, and clinical use of unsealed by-product material; and

     (c) Obtain written certification under oath that the individual has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user for the medical uses authorized under WAC 246-240-201. The written certification under oath must be signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-210, or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements. The preceptor authorized user, who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078 or 246-240-210 must have experience in administering dosages in the same dosage category or categories (i.e., this section) as the individual requesting authorized user status; or

     (2) Has completed seven hundred hours of training and experience, including a minimum of two hundred hours of classroom and laboratory training, in basic radionuclide handling techniques applicable to the medical use of unsealed radioactive material requiring a written directive. The training and experience must include:

     (a) Classroom and laboratory training in the following areas:

     (i) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (ii) Radiation protection;

     (iii) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (iv) Chemistry of radioactive material for medical use; and

     (v) Radiation biology; and

     (b) Work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user who meets the requirements in subsection (1) or (2) of this section, or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements. A supervising authorized user, who meets the requirements in this subsection, must also have experience in administering dosages in the same dosage category or categories (i.e., this section) as the individual requesting authorized user status. The work experience must involve:

     (i) Ordering, receiving, and unpacking radioactive materials safely and performing the related radiation surveys;

     (ii) Performing quality control procedures on instruments used to determine the activity of dosages and performing checks for proper operation of survey meters;

     (iii) Calculating, measuring, and safely preparing patient or human research subject dosages;

     (iv) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of unsealed radioactive material;

     (v) Using procedures to contain spilled radioactive material safely and using proper decontamination procedures;

     (vi) Eluting generator systems, measuring and testing the eluate for radionuclidic purity, and processing the eluate with reagent kits to prepare labeled radioactive drugs; and

     (vii) Administering dosages of radioactive drugs to patients or human research subjects involving a minimum of three cases in each of the following categories for which the individual is requesting authorized user status:

     (A) Oral administration of less than or equal to 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries) of sodium iodide I-131 for which a written directive is required;

     (B) Oral administration of greater than 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries) of sodium iodide I-131. Experience with at least three cases in this also satisfies the requirement in (b)(vii)(A) of this subsection;

     (C) Parenteral administration of any beta emitter, or a photon-emitting radionuclide with a photon energy less than 150 keV for which a written directive is required; and/or

     (D) Parenteral administration of any other radionuclide for which a written directive is required; and

     (E) Has obtained written certification under oath that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsection (1)(a) and (((b))) (2)(b)(vii) of this section, WAC 246-240-078, and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user for the medical uses authorized under WAC 246-240-201. The written certification under oath must be signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in this section, or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements. The preceptor authorized user, who meets the requirements in this subsection (2), must also have experience in administering dosages in the same dosage category or categories (i.e., this section) as the individual requesting authorized user status.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-210, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-210, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-213   Training for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 requiring a written directive in quantities less than or equal to 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries).   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 requiring a written directive in quantities less than or equal to 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries), to be a physician who:

     (1) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process includes all of the requirements in subsection (3) of this section and whose certification has been recognized by the department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an agreement state. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the commission or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.); or

     (2) Is an authorized user under WAC 246-240-210 for uses listed in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(A) and (B), 246-240-216, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements; or

     (3)(a) Has successfully completed eighty hours of classroom and laboratory training, applicable to the medical use of sodium iodide I-131 for procedures requiring a written directive. The training must include:

     (i) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (ii) Radiation protection;

     (iii) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (iv) Chemistry of radioactive material for medical use; and

     (v) Radiation biology; and

     (b) Has work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-210, 246-240-213, 246-240-216, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements. A supervising authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-210(2), must also have experience in administering dosages as specified in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(A) or (B). The work experience must involve:

     (i) Ordering, receiving, and unpacking radioactive materials safely and performing the related radiation surveys;

     (ii) Performing quality control procedures on instruments used to determine the activity of dosages and performing checks for proper operation of survey meters;

     (iii) Calculating, measuring, and safely preparing patient or human research subject dosages;

     (iv) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of radioactive material;

     (v) Using procedures to contain spilled radioactive material safely and using proper decontamination procedures; and

     (vi) Administering dosages to patients or human research subjects, that includes at least three cases involving the oral administration of less than or equal to 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries) of sodium iodide I-131; and

     (c) Has obtained written certification under oath that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in (a) and (b) of this subsection and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user for medical uses authorized under WAC 246-240-201. The written certification under oath must be signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-210, 246-240-213, 246-240-216, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements. A preceptor authorized user, who meets the requirement in WAC 246-240-210(2), must also have experience in administering dosages as specified in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(A) or (B).

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-213, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-213, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-216   Training for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 requiring a written directive in quantities greater than 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries).   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 requiring a written directive in quantities greater than 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries), to be a physician who:

     (1) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process includes all of the requirements in subsection (3) of this section and whose certification has been recognized by the department, the U.S. NRC or an agreement state. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the commission or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.); or

     (2) Is an authorized user under WAC 246-240-210 for uses listed in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(B), or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements; or

     (3)(a) Has successfully completed eighty hours of classroom and laboratory training, applicable to the medical use of sodium iodide I-131 for procedures requiring a written directive. The training must include:

     (i) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (ii) Radiation protection;

     (iii) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (iv) Chemistry of radioactive material for medical use; and

     (v) Radiation biology; and

     (b) Has work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-210, 246-240-216, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements. A supervising authorized user, who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-210(2), must also have experience in administering dosages as specified in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(B).

     The work experience must involve:

     (i) Ordering, receiving, and unpacking radioactive materials safely and performing the related radiation surveys;

     (ii) Performing quality control procedures on instruments used to determine the activity of dosages and performing checks for proper operation of survey meters;

     (iii) Calculating, measuring, and safely preparing patient or human research subject dosages;

     (iv) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of radioactive material;

     (v) Using procedures to contain spilled radioactive material safely and using proper decontamination procedures; and

     (vi) Administering dosages to patients or human research subjects, that includes at least three cases involving the oral administration of greater than 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries) of sodium iodide I-131; and

     (c) Has obtained written certification under oath that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in (a) and (b) of this subsection and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user for medical uses authorized under WAC 246-240-201. The written certification under oath must be signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-210, 246-240-216, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements. A preceptor authorized user, who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-210(2), must have experience in administering dosages as specified in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(B).

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-216, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-216, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-219   Training for the parenteral administration of unsealed radioactive material requiring a written directive.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user for the parenteral administration requiring a written directive, to be a physician who:

     (1) Is an authorized user under WAC 246-240-210 for uses listed in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(C) or (D), or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements; or

     (2) Is an authorized user under WAC 246-240-278 or 246-240-399, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements and who meets the requirements in subsection (4) of this section; or

     (3) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the U.S. NRC or an agreement state under WAC 246-240-278 or 246-240-399, and who meets the requirements in subsection (4) of this section.

     (4)(a) Has successfully completed eighty hours of classroom and laboratory training, applicable to parenteral administrations, for which a written directive is required, of any beta emitter or any photon-emitting radionuclide with a photon energy less than 150 keV, and/or parenteral administration of any other radionuclide for which a written directive is required. The training must include:

     (i) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (ii) Radiation protection;

     (iii) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity;

     (iv) Chemistry of radioactive material for medical use; and

     (v) Radiation biology; and

     (b) Has work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-210, 246-240-219, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements, in the parenteral administration, for which a written directive is required, of any beta emitter or any photon-emitting radionuclide with a photon energy less than 150 keV, and/or parenteral administration of any other radionuclide for which a written directive is required. A supervising authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-210 must have experience in administering dosages as specified in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(C) and/or (D). The work experience must involve:

     (i) Ordering, receiving, and unpacking radioactive materials safely, and performing the related radiation surveys;

     (ii) Performing quality control procedures on instruments used to determine the activity of dosages, and performing checks for proper operation of survey meters;

     (iii) Calculating, measuring, and safely preparing patient or human research subject dosages;

     (iv) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of unsealed radioactive material;

     (v) Using procedures to contain spilled radioactive material safely, and using proper decontamination procedures; and

     (vi) Administering dosages to patients or human research subjects, that include at least three cases involving the parenteral administration, for which a written directive is required, of any beta emitter, or any photon-emitting radionuclide with a photon energy less than 150 keV and/or at least three cases involving the parenteral administration of any other radionuclide, for which a written directive is required; and

     (5) Has obtained written certification under oath that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsection (2) or (3) of this section, and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user for the parenteral administration of unsealed radioactive material requiring a written directive. The written certification under oath must be signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-210, 246-240-219, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements. A preceptor authorized user, who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-210, must have experience in administering dosages as specified in WAC 246-240-210 (2)(b)(vii)(C) and/or (D).

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-219, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-219, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-278   Training for use of manual brachytherapy sources.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user of a manual brachytherapy source for the uses authorized under WAC 246-240-251 to be a physician who:

     (1) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. NRC, or an agreement state. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the commission or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Successfully complete a minimum of three years of residency training in a radiation oncology program approved by the Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Committee on Postgraduate Training of the American Osteopathic Association;

     (b) Pass an examination, administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which tests knowledge and competence in radiation safety, radionuclide handling, treatment planning, quality assurance, and clinical use of high and low dose-rate brachytherapy; and

     (c) Obtain written certification under oath, signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-278 or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements, that the individual has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user of manual brachytherapy sources for the medical uses authorized in WAC 246-240-251; or

     (2)(a) Has completed a structured educational program in basic radionuclide handling techniques applicable to the use of manual brachytherapy sources that includes:

     (i) Two hundred hours of classroom and laboratory training in the following areas:

     (A) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (B) Radiation protection;

     (C) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity; and

     (D) Radiation biology; and

     (ii) Five hundred hours of work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-278 or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements at a medical institution, involving:

     (A) Ordering, receiving, and unpacking radioactive materials safely and performing the related radiation surveys;

     (B) Checking survey meters for proper operation;

     (C) Preparing, implanting, and removing brachytherapy sources;

     (D) Maintaining running inventories of material on hand;

     (E) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of radioactive material;

     (F) Using emergency procedures to control radioactive material; and

     (b) Has completed three years of supervised clinical experience in radiation oncology, under an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-278 or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements, as part of a formal training program approved by the Residency Review Committee for Radiation Oncology of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Committee on Postdoctoral Training of the American Osteopathic Association. This experience may be obtained concurrently with the supervised work experience required by (a)(ii) of this subsection; and

     (c) Has obtained written certification under oath, signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-278 or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements, that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsection (1)(a) of this section, or (a) and (b) of this subsection and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user of manual brachytherapy sources for the medical uses authorized under WAC 246-240-251.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-278, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-278, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 06-05-019, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06)

WAC 246-240-281   Training for ophthalmic use of strontium-90.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require the authorized user of strontium-90 for ophthalmic radiotherapy to be a physician who:

     (1) Is an authorized user under WAC 246-240-278 or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements; or

     (2)(a) Has completed twenty-four hours of classroom and laboratory training applicable to the medical use of strontium-90 for ophthalmic radiotherapy. The training must include:

     (i) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (ii) Radiation protection;

     (iii) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity; and

     (iv) Radiation biology; and

     (b) Supervised clinical training in ophthalmic radiotherapy under the supervision of an authorized user at a medical institution that includes the use of strontium-90 for the ophthalmic treatment of five individuals.

     This supervised clinical training must involve:

     (i) Examination of each individual to be treated;

     (ii) Calculation of the dose to be administered;

     (iii) Administration of the dose; and

     (iv) Follow up and review of each individual's case history; and

     (c) Has obtained written certification under oath, signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-278, 246-240-281, or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements, that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsections (1) and (2) of this section and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user of strontium-90 for ophthalmic use.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 06-05-019, § 246-240-281, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]


AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-14-131, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07)

WAC 246-240-399   Training for use of remote afterloader units, teletherapy units, and gamma stereotactic radiosurgery units.   Except as provided in WAC 246-240-078, the licensee shall require an authorized user of a sealed source for a use authorized under WAC 246-240-351 to be a physician who:

     (1) Is certified by a medical specialty board whose certification process has been recognized by the department, the U.S. NRC, or an agreement state. (Specialty boards whose certification process has been recognized by the NRC or an agreement state will be posted on the NRC's web page at http://www.nrc.gov.) To be recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:

     (a) Successfully complete a minimum of three years of residency training in a radiation therapy program approved by the Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Committee on Postgraduate Training of the American Osteopathic Association; and

     (b) Pass an examination, administered by diplomates of the specialty board, which tests knowledge and competence in radiation safety, radionuclide handling, treatment planning, quality assurance, and clinical use of stereotactic radiosurgery, high and low dose-rate brachytherapy, and external beam therapy; or

     (2)(a) Has completed a structured educational program in basic radionuclide techniques applicable to the use of a sealed source in a therapeutic medical unit that includes:

     (i) Two hundred hours of classroom and laboratory training in the following areas:

     (A) Radiation physics and instrumentation;

     (B) Radiation protection;

     (C) Mathematics pertaining to the use and measurement of radioactivity; and

     (D) Radiation biology; and

     (ii) Five hundred hours of work experience, under the supervision of an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-399 or equivalent agreement state or U.S. NRC requirements at a medical institution, involving:

     (A) Reviewing full calibration measurements and periodic spot-checks;

     (B) Preparing treatment plans and calculating treatment doses and times;

     (C) Using administrative controls to prevent a medical event involving the use of radioactive material;

     (D) Implementing emergency procedures to be followed in the event of the abnormal operation of the medical unit or console;

     (E) Checking and using survey meters; and

     (F) Selecting the proper dose and how it is to be administered; and

     (b) Has completed three years of supervised clinical experience in radiation therapy, under an authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-399 or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements, as part of a formal training program approved by the Residency Review Committee for Radiation Oncology of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Committee on Postdoctoral Training of the American Osteopathic Association. This experience may be obtained concurrently with the supervised work experience required by (a)(ii) of this subsection; and

     (c) Has obtained written certification under oath that the individual has satisfactorily completed the requirements in subsection (1)(a) of this section, or (a) and (b), and (d) of this subsection and has achieved a level of competency sufficient to function independently as an authorized user of each type of therapeutic medical unit for which the individual is requesting authorized user status. The written certification under oath must be signed by a preceptor authorized user who meets the requirements in WAC 246-240-078, 246-240-399 or equivalent U.S. NRC or agreement state requirements for an authorized user for each type of therapeutic medical unit for which the individual is requesting authorized user status; and

     (d) Has received training in device operation, safety procedures, and clinical use for the type(s) of use for which authorization is sought. This training requirement may be satisfied by satisfactory completion of a training program provided by the vendor for new users or by receiving training supervised by an authorized user or authorized medical physicist, as appropriate, who is authorized for the type(s) of use for which the individual is seeking authorization.

[Statutory Authority: RCW 70.98.050. 07-14-131, § 246-240-399, filed 7/3/07, effective 8/3/07; 06-05-019, § 246-240-399, filed 2/6/06, effective 3/9/06.]

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