WSR 20-12-103
EXPEDITED RULES
BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
[Filed June 3, 2020, 8:52 a.m.]
Title of Rule and Other Identifying Information: Chapter 51-11C WAC, 2018 Washington State Energy Code, Commercial.
Purpose of the Proposal and Its Anticipated Effects, Including Any Changes in Existing Rules: This filing corrects various internal code references and typographical errors.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: Upon review of the filed copy for the adoption of the 2018 Energy Code under WSR 19-24-040, there were a number of section references that were not updated to correlate with the revisions to the code text. There are also areas where the grammar is corrected and terms are revised for consistency between figures and text.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045.
Statute Being Implemented: Chapter 19.27A RCW.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Name of Proponent: Governmental.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Krista Braaksma, 1500 Jefferson Street S.E., Olympia, 360-407-9278; and Enforcement: Local jurisdictions.
This notice meets the following criteria to use the expedited adoption process for these rules:
Corrects typographical errors, make address or name changes, or clarify language of a rule without changing its effect.
NOTICE
THIS RULE IS BEING PROPOSED UNDER AN EXPEDITED RULE-MAKING PROCESS THAT WILL ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR THE AGENCY TO HOLD PUBLIC HEARINGS, PREPARE A SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT, OR PROVIDE RESPONSES TO THE CRITERIA FOR A SIGNIFICANT LEGISLATIVE RULE. IF YOU OBJECT TO THIS USE OF THE EXPEDITED RULE-MAKING PROCESS, YOU MUST EXPRESS YOUR OBJECTIONS IN WRITING AND THEY MUST BE SENT TO Diane Glenn, Chair, Washington State Building Code Council, P.O. Box 41449, Olympia, WA 98504-1449, phone 360-407-9255, email sbcc@des.wa.gov, AND RECEIVED BY August 18, 2020.
June 2, 2020
Diane Glenn
Council Chair
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40211Section C402.1.1Low energy buildings.
C402.1.1Low energy buildings, semi-heated buildings and greenhouses. Low energy buildings shall comply with Section C402.1.1.1. Semi-heated buildings and spaces shall comply with Section C402.1.1.2. Greenhouses shall comply with Section C402.1.1.3.
C402.1.1.1 Low energy buildings. The following buildings, or portions thereof, separated from the remainder of the building by building thermal envelope assemblies complying with this code shall be exempt from all thermal envelope provision of this code:
1. Those that are heated and/or cooled with a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/h × ft2 (10.7 W/m2) or 1.0 watt/ft2 (10.7 W/m2) of floor area for space conditioning purposes.
2. Those that do not contain conditioned space.
3. Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets used solely for personal wireless service facilities.
C402.1.1.2 Semi-heated buildings and spaces. The building envelope of semi-heated buildings, or portions thereof, shall comply with the same requirements as that for conditioned spaces in Section C402, except as modified by this section. The total installed output capacity of mechanical space conditioning systems serving a semi-heated building or space shall comply with Section C202. Building envelope assemblies separating conditioned space from semi-heated space shall comply with exterior envelope insulation requirements. Semi-heated spaces heated by mechanical systems that do not include electric resistance heating equipment are not required to comply with the opaque wall insulation provisions of Section C402.2.3 for walls that separate semi-heated spaces from the exterior or low energy spaces. Semi-heated spaces shall be calculated separately from other conditioned spaces for compliance purposes. Opaque walls in semi-heated spaces shall be calculated as fully code compliant opaque walls for both the target and proposed for the Target UA calculations for Component Performance compliance per Section C402.1.5, and for the Standard Reference Design for Total Building Performance compliance per Section C407. The capacity of heat trace temperature maintenance systems complying with Section C404.7.2 that are provided for freeze protection of piping and equipment only shall not be included in the total installed output capacity of mechanical space conditioning systems.
EXCEPTION:
Building or space may comply as semi-heated when served by one or more of the following system alternatives:
 
1. Electric infrared heating equipment for localized heating applications.
 
2. Heat pumps with cooling capacity permanently disabled, as preapproved by the jurisdiction.
C402.1.1.3 Greenhouses.Greenhouse structures or areas that comply with all of the following shall be exempt from the building envelope requirements of this code:
1. Exterior opaque envelope assemblies ((comply))complying with Sections C402.2 and C402.4.4.
EXCEPTION:
Low energy greenhouses that comply with Section C402.1.1.1.
2. Interior partition building thermal envelope assemblies that separate the greenhouse from conditioned space complying with Sections C402.2, C402.4.3 and C402.4.4.
3. Nonopaque envelope assemblies complying with the thermal envelope requirements in Table C402.1.1.3. The U-factor for the nonopaque roof shall be for the roof assembly or a roof that includes the assembly and an internal curtain system.
EXCEPTION:
Unheated greenhouses.
4. No mechanical cooling is provided.
5. For heated greenhouses, heating is provided by a radiant heating system, a condensing natural gas-fired or condensing propane-fired heating system, or a heat pump with cooling capacity permanently disabled as preapproved by the jurisdiction.
Table C402.1.1.3
Non-Opaque Thermal Envelope Maximum Requirements
Component U-Factor
BTU/h-ft2-°F
Climate Zone 5 and Marine 4
Non-opaque roof
0.5
Non-opaque SEW wall
0.7
Non-opaque N wall
0.6
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40215Section C402.1.5Component performance alternative.
C402.1.5 Component performance alternative. Building envelope values and fenestration areas determined in accordance with Equation 4-2 shall be permitted in lieu of compliance with the U-factors and F-factors in Table C402.1.4 and C402.4 and the maximum allowable fenestration areas in Section C402.4.1.
For buildings with more than one space conditioning category, component performance compliance shall be demonstrated separately for each space conditioning category. Interior partition ceilings, walls, fenestration and floors that separate space conditioning areas shall be applied to the component performance calculations for the space conditioning category with the highest level of space conditioning.
Equation 4-2
Proposed Total UA Allowable Total UA
Where:
 
 
Proposed Total UA
=
UA-glaz-prop + UA sky-prop + UA-opaque-prop + FL-slab-prop
Allowable Total UA
=
UA-glaz-allow + UA-glaz-excess + UA sky-allow + UA-sky-excess + UA-opaque-allow + FL-slab-allow
UA-glaz-prop
=
Sum of (proposed U-value x proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type, up to code maximum area
UA-sky-prop
=
Sum of (proposed U-value x proposed area) for each distinct skylight type, up to the code maximum area
UA-opaque-prop
=
Sum of (proposed U-value x proposed area) for each distinct opaque thermal envelope type
FL-slab-prop
=
Sum of (proposed F-value x proposed length) for each distinct slab on grade perimeter assembly
UA-glaz-allow
=
Sum of (code maximum vertical fenestration U-value from Table C402.4, or Section C402.4.1.1.2 if applicable, x proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type, not to exceed the code maximum area1
UA-glaz-excess
=
U-value for the proposed wall type from Table C402.42 x vertical fenestration area in excess of the code maximum area
UA-sky-allow
=
Sum of (code maximum skylight U-value from Table C402.4 x proposed area) for each distinct skylight type proposed, not to exceed the code maximum area
UA-sky-excess
=
U-value for the proposed roof type from Table C402.43 x skylight area in excess of the code maximum area
UA-opaque-allow
=
Code maximum opaque envelope U-value from Table C402.1.4 for each opaque door, wall, roof, and floor assembly x proposed area
FL-slab-allow
=
Code maximum F-value for each slab-on-grade perimeter assembly x proposed length
Notes:
1 Where multiple vertical fenestration types are proposed and the code maximum area is exceeded, the U-value shall be the average Table C402.1.4 U-value weighted by the proposed vertical fenestration area of each type.
 
2 Where multiple wall types are proposed the U-value shall be the average Table C402.1.4 U-value weighted by the proposed above grade wall area of each type.
 
3 Where multiple roof types are proposed the U-value shall be the average Table C402.1.4 U-value weighted by the proposed roof area of each type.
C402.1.5.1 Component U-factors. The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are included in Chapter 3 and Appendix A. These values shall be used for all calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not represented in Chapter 3 or Appendix A, values shall be calculated in accordance with the ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals, using the framing factors listed in Appendix A.
For envelope assemblies containing metal framing, the U-factor shall be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Results of laboratory measurements according to acceptable methods of test.
2. ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals where the metal framing is bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or covering.
3. The zone method as provided in ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals.
4. Effective framing/cavity R-values as provided in Appendix A.
When return air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof/ceiling assembly shall:
a. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly; and
b. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior face of the upper plenum surface.
5. Tables in ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A.
6. Calculation method for steel-framed walls in accordance with Section C402.1.4.1 and Table C402.1.4.1.
C402.1.5.2 SHGC rate calculations. Fenestration SHGC values for individual components and/or fenestration are permitted to exceed the SHGC values in Table C402.4 and/or the maximum allowable fenestration areas in Section C402.4.1 where the proposed ((values result in SHGCAp))total SHGCxA less than ((SHGCAt))the allowable total SHGCxA as determined by Equation((s)) 4-3 ((and 4-4)).
Equation 4-3SHGC Rate Calculations
Proposed Total SHGCxAAllowable Total SHGCxA
Where:
 
 
Proposed Total SHGCxA
=
SHGCxA-glaz-prop + SHGCxA-sky-prop
Allowable Total SHGCxA
=
SHGCxA-glaz-allow + SHGCxA-sky-allow
SHGCxA-glaz-prop
=
Sum of (proposed SHGCx proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type
SHGCxA-sky-prop
=
Sum of (proposed SHGCx proposed area) for each distinct skylight type
SHGCxA-glaz-allow
=
Sum of (code maximum vertical fenestration SHGC from Table C402.4, or Section C402.4.1.3 if applicable, x proposed area) for each distinct vertical fenestration type, not to exceed the code maximum area
SHGCxA-sky-allow
=
Sum of (code maximum skylight SHGC from Table C402.4x proposed area) for each distinct skylight type, not to exceed the code maximum area
If the proposed vertical fenestration area does not exceed the Vertical Fenestration Area allowed, the target area for each vertical fenestration type shall equal the proposed area. If the proposed vertical fenestration area exceeds the Vertical Fenestration Area allowed, the target area of each vertical fenestration element shall be reduced in the base envelope design by the same percentage and the net area of each above-grade wall type increased proportionately by the same percentage so that the total vertical fenestration area is exactly equal to the Vertical Fenestration Area allowed.
If the proposed skylight area does not exceed the Allowable Skylight Area from Section C402.4.1, the target area shall equal the proposed area. If the proposed skylight area exceeds the Allowable Skylight Area from Section C402.4.1, the area of each skylight element shall be reduced in the base envelope design by the same percentage and the net area of each roof type increased proportionately by the same percentage so that the total skylight area is exactly equal to the allowed percentage per Section C402.3.1 of the gross roof area.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40310Section C403.1General.
C403.1 General. Mechanical systems and equipment serving heating, cooling, ventilating, and other needs shall comply with this section.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Energy using equipment used by a manufacturing, industrial or commercial process other than for conditioning spaces or maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants and not otherwise regulated by Section C403.3.2, Tables C403.3.2 (1) through (12) inclusive, Sections ((C403.7.8, C403.9.5))C403.7.7, C403.9.2.1, C403.10.3, C403.11.2, C403.11.3, C404.2, Table C404.2, C405.8 and C410. Data center and computer room HVAC equipment is not covered by this exception.
 
2. Data center systems are exempt from Sections C403.4 and C403.5.
C403.1.1 HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR). For systems serving office, retail, library, and education occupancies and buildings, which are subject to the requirements of Section C403.3.5 without exceptions, the HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR) of the proposed design HVAC system shall be more than or equal to the HVAC TSPR of the standard reference design as calculated according to Appendix D, Calculation of HVAC Total System Performance Ratio.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Buildings with conditioned floor area less than 5,000 square feet.
 
2. HVAC systems using district heating water, chilled water or steam.
 
3. HVAC systems not included in Table D601.11.1.
 
4. HVAC systems with chilled water supplied by absorption chillers, heat recovery chillers, water to water heat pumps, air to water heat pumps, or a combination of air and water cooled chillers on the same chilled water loop.
 
5. HVAC systems served by heating water plants that include air to water or water to water heat pumps.
 
6. Underfloor air distribution HVAC systems.
 
7. Space conditioning systems that do not include mechanical cooling.
 
8. Alterations to existing buildings that do not substantially replace the entire HVAC system.
 
9. HVAC systems meeting all the requirements of the standard reference design HVAC system in Table D602.11, Standard Reference Design HVAC Systems.
C403.1.2 Calculation of heating and cooling loads. Design loads associated with heating, ventilating and air conditioning of the building shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183 or by an approved equivalent computational procedure, using the design parameters specified in Chapter 3. Heating and cooling loads shall be adjusted to account for load reductions that are achieved where energy recovery systems are utilized in the HVAC system in accordance with the ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook by an approved equivalent computational procedure.
C403.1.3 Data centers.Data center systems shall comply with Sections 6 and 8 of ASHRAE Standard 90.4 with the following changes:
1. Replace design MLC in ASHRAE Standard 90.4 Table 6.2.1.1 "Maximum Design Mechanical Load Component (Design MLC)" with the following per the applicable climate zone:
Zone 4C Design MLC = 0.22     Zone 5B Design MLC = 0.24
2. Replace annualized MLC values of Table 6.2.1.2 "Maximum Annualized Mechanical Load Component (Annualized MLC)" in ASHRAE Standard 90.4 with the following per applicable climate zone:
Zone 4C Annual MLC = 0.18     Zone 5B Annual MLC = 0.17
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-403237Table C403.3.2(7)Minimum efficiency requirementsWater chilling packages.
Table C403.3.2(7)
Minimum Efficiency RequirementsWater Chilling Packagesa,b
Equipment Type
Size Category
Units
Path A
Path B
Test Procedurec
Full Load
IPLV
Full Load
IPLV
Air-cooled chillers
< 150 tons
EER
≥ 10.100
≥ 13.700
≥ 9.700
≥ 15.800
 
≥ 150 tons
EER
≥ 10.100
≥ 14.000
≥ 9.700
≥ 16.100
 
Air cooled without condenser, electrically operated
All capacities
EER
Air-cooled chillers without condensers shall be rated with matching condensers and comply with the air-cooled chiller efficiency requirements
 
Water cooled, electrically operated, positive displacement
< 75 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.750
≤ 0.600
≤ 0.780
≤ 0.500
 
≥ 75 tons and
< 150 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.720
≤ 0.560
≤ 0.750
≤ 0.490
AHRI 550/590
≥ 150 tons and
< 300 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.660
≤ 0.540
≤ 0.680
≤ 0.440
 
≥ 300 tons and
< 600 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.610
≤ 0.520
≤ 0.625
≤ 0.410
 
 
≥ 600 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.560
≤ 0.500
≤ 0.585
≤ 0.380
 
Water cooled, electrically operated, centrifugal
< 150 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.610
≤ 0.550
≤ 0.695
≤ 0.440
 
≥ 150 tons and
< 300 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.610
≤ 0.550
≤ 0.695
≤ 0.400
 
≥ 300 tons and
< 400 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.560
≤ 0.520
≤ 0.595
≤ 0.390
 
≥ 400 tons
kW/ton
≤ 0.560
≤ 0.500
≤ 0.585
≤ 0.380
 
Air cooled, absorption single effect
All capacities
COP
≥ 0.600
NR
NA
NA
 
Water cooled, absorption single effect
All capacities
COP
≥ 0.700
NR
NA
NA
AHRI 560
Absorption double effect, indirect fired
All capacities
COP
≥ 1.000
≥ 1.050
NA
NA
Absorption double effect, direct fired
All capacities
COP
≥ 1.000
≥ 1.000
NA
NA
 
For SI:
1 ton = 3517 W, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8.
 
NA = Not applicable, not to be used for compliance;
 
NR = No requirement.
a
The centrifugal chiller equipment requirements, after adjustment in accordance with Section C403.3.2.2 or Section C403.3.2.3, do not apply to chillers used in low-temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is less than 36ºF. The requirements do not apply to positive displacement chillers with leaving fluid temperatures less than or equal to 32ºF. The requirements do not apply to absorption chillers with design leaving fluid temperatures less than 40ºF.
b
Compliance with this standard can be obtained by meeting the minimum requirements of Path A or B. However, both the full load and IPLV shall be met to fulfill the requirements of Path A or B.
c
Chapter 12 of the referenced standard contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40333Section C403.3.3Hot gas bypass.
C403.3.3 Hot gas bypass limitation. Cooling systems shall not use hot gas bypass or other evaporator pressure control systems unless the system is designed with multiple steps of unloading or continuous capacity modulation. The capacity of the hot gas bypass shall be limited as indicated in Table C403.3.3, as limited by Section C403.5.1.
Table C403.3.3
Maximum Hot Gas Bypass Capacity
Rated Capacity
Maximum Hot Gas Bypass Capacity (% of total capacity)
≤ 240,000 Btu/h
50
(())˃ 240,000 Btu/h
25
For SI:
1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40335Section C403.3.5Dedicated outdoor air systems.
C403.3.5 Dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS). For buildings with occupancies as shown in Table C403.3.5, outdoor air shall be provided to each occupied space by a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) which delivers 100 percent outdoor air without requiring operation of the heating and cooling system fans for ventilation air delivery.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Occupied spaces that are not ventilated by a mechanical ventilation system and are only ventilated by a natural ventilation system ((per))in accordance with Section 402 of the International Mechanical Code.
 
2. High efficiency variable air volume (VAV) systems complying with Section C403.6.10 for occupancy classifications other than Groups A-1, A-2 and A-3 as specified in Table C403.3.5, and high efficiency VAV systems ((comply))complying with Section C403.12 for occupancy classification Groups A-1, A-2 and A-3 as specified in Table C403.3.5. This exception shall not be used as a substitution for a DOAS per Section C406.6.
Table C403.3.5
Occupancy Classifications Requiring DOAS
Occupancy Classificationa
Inclusions
Exempted
A-1
All occupancies not specifically exempted
Television and radio studios
A-2
Casinos (gaming area)
All other A-2 occupancies
A-3
Lecture halls, community halls, exhibition halls, gymnasiums, courtrooms, libraries, places of religious worship
All other A-3 occupancies
A-4, A-5
 
All occupancies excluded
B
All occupancies not specifically exempted
Food processing establishments including commercial kitchens, restaurants, cafeterias; laboratories for testing and research; data processing facilities and telephone exchanges; air traffic control towers; animal hospitals, kennels, pounds; ambulatory care facilities
F, H, I, R, S, U
 
All occupancies excluded
E, M
All occupancies included
 
a.
Occupancy classification from the International Building Code Chapter 3.
C403.3.5.1 Energy recovery ventilation with DOAS. The DOAS shall include energy recovery ventilation. The energy recovery system shall have a 60 percent minimum sensible recovery effectiveness or have 50 percent enthalpy recovery effectiveness in accordance with Section ((C403.7.6.1))C403.7.6. For DOAS having a total fan system motor nameplate hp less than 5 hp, total combined fan power shall not exceed 1 W/cfm of outdoor air. For DOAS having a total fan system motor hp greater than or equal to 5 hp, refer to fan power limitations of Section C403.8.1. This fan power restriction applies to each dedicated outdoor air unit in the permitted project, but does not include the fan power associated with the zonal heating/cooling equipment. The airflow rate thresholds for energy recovery requirements in Tables ((C403.7.6.1))C403.7.6(1) and ((C403.7.6.1))C403.7.6(2) do not apply.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Occupied spaces with all of the following characteristics: Complying with Section ((C403.7.6.1))C403.7.6, served by equipment less than 5000 cfm, with an average occupant load greater than 25 people per 1000 square feet (93 m2) of floor area (as established in Table 403.3.1.1 of the International Mechanical Code) that include demand control ventilation configured to reduce outdoor air by at least 50 percent below design minimum ventilation rates when the actual occupancy of the space served by the system is less than the design occupancy.
 
2. Systems installed for the sole purpose of providing makeup air for systems exhausting toxic, flammable, paint, or corrosive fumes or dust, dryer exhaust, or commercial kitchen hoods used for collecting and removing grease vapors and smoke.
C403.3.5.2 Heating/cooling system fan controls. Heating and cooling equipment fans, heating and cooling circulation pumps, and terminal unit fans shall cycle off and terminal unit primary cooling air shall be shut off when there is no call for heating or cooling in the zone.
EXCEPTION:
Fans used for heating and cooling using less than 0.12 watts per cfm may operate when space temperatures are within the setpoint deadband (Section C403.4.1.2) to provide destratification and air mixing in the space.
C403.3.5.3 Decoupled DOAS supply air. The DOAS supply air shall be delivered directly to the occupied space or downstream of the terminal heating and/or cooling coils.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Active chilled beam systems.
 
2. Sensible only cooling terminal units with pressure independent variable airflow regulating devices limiting the DOAS supply air to the greater of latent load or minimum ventilation requirements.
 
3. Terminal heating and/or cooling units that comply with the low fan power allowance requirements in the exception of Section C403.3.5.2.
C403.3.5.4 Impracticality. Where the code official determines that full compliance with all the requirements of Sections C403.3.5.1 and C403.3.5.2 would be impractical, it is permissible to provide an approved alternate means of compliance that achieves a comparable level of energy efficiency. For the purposes of this section, impractical means that an HVAC system complying with Section C403.3.5 cannot effectively be utilized due to an unusual use or configuration of the building.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40346Section C403.4.6Variable flow controls.
C403.4.6 Variable flow controls. Individual pumps required by this code to have variable speed control shall be controlled in one of the following manners:
1. For systems having a combined pump motor horsepower less than or equal to 20 hp (15 kW) and without direct digital control of individual coils, pump speed shall be a function of either:
1.1. Required differential pressure; or
1.2. Reset directly based on zone hydronic demand, or other zone load indicators; or
1.3. Reset directly based on pump power and pump differential pressure((.)); or
1.4. Reset directly by an integral controller based on the relationship between variable speed controller frequency and power.
2. For systems having a combined pump motor horsepower that exceeds 20 hp (15 kW) or smaller systems with direct digital control, pump speed shall be a function of either:
2.1. The static pressure set point as reset based on the valve requiring the most pressure; or
2.2. Directly controlled based on zone hydronic demand((.)); or
2.3. Reset directly by an integral controller based on the relationship between variable speed controller frequency and power.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40353Section C403.5.3Air economizers.
C403.5.3 Air economizers. Air economizers shall comply with Sections C403.5.3.1 through C403.5.3.5.
C403.5.3.1 Design capacity. Air economizer systems shall be configured to modulate outdoor air and return air dampers to provide up to 100 percent of the design supply air quantity as outdoor air for cooling.
C403.5.3.2 Control signal. Economizer controls and dampers shall be configured to sequence the dampers with the mechanical cooling equipment and shall not be controlled by only mixed air temperature. Air economizers on systems with cooling capacity greater than 65,000 Btu/h shall be configured to provide partial cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the remainder of the cooling load.
EXCEPTION:
The use of mixed air temperature limit control shall be permitted for systems that are both controlled from space temperature (such as single zone systems) and having cooling capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h.
C403.5.3.3 High-limit shutoff. Air economizers shall be configured to automatically reduce outdoor air intake to the design minimum outdoor air quantity when outdoor air intake will no longer reduce cooling energy usage. High-limit shutoff control types ((for specific climates)) shall be chosen from Table C403.5.3.3. High-limit shutoff control settings for these control types shall be those specified in Table C403.5.3.3.
Table C403.5.3.3
High-Limit Shutoff Control Setting for Air Economizersb
Device Type
Required High Limit
(Economizer off when):
Required High Limit For Cycling Fansc
(Economizer off when):
Equation
Description
Equation
Description
Fixed dry-bulb
TOA ˃ 75°F
Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F
TOA ˃ 70°F
Outdoor air temperature exceeds 70°F
Differential dry-bulb
TOA ˃ TRA
Outdoor air temperature exceeds return air temperature
TOA ˃ (TRA- 5)
Outdoor air temperature exceeds return air temperature - 5
Fixed enthalpy with fixed dry-bulb temperatures
hOA ˃ 28 Btu/lba
or
TOA ˃ 75°F
Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds 28 Btu/lb of dry aira or outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F
hOA ˃ 26 Btu/lba
or
TOA ˃ 70°F
Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds 26 Btu/lb of dry aird or outdoor air temperature exceeds 70°F
Differential enthalpy with fixed dry-bulb temperature
hOA ˃ hRA
or
TOA ˃ 75°F
Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds return air enthalpy or outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F
hOA ˃ (hRA - 2)
or
TOA ˃ 70°F
Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds return air enthalpy or outdoor air temperature exceeds 70°F
For SI:
°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9, 1 Btu/lb = 2.33 kJ/kg.
a
At altitudes substantially different than sea level, the fixed enthalpy limit shall be set to the enthalpy value at 75°F and 50 percent relative humidity. As an example, at approximately 6,000 feet elevation the fixed enthalpy limit is approximately 30.7 Btu/lb.
b
Devices with selectable setpoints shall be capable of being set to within 2°F and 2 Btu/lb of the setpoint listed.
c
Where fans cycle on only to provide heating and cooling, limits are adjusted lower to compensate for fan energy use in economizer mode.
d
For cycling fans at altitudes substantially different than sea level, the fixed enthalpy limit shall be set to the enthalpy value at 70°F and 50 percent relative humidity.
C403.5.3.4 Relief of excess outdoor air. Systems shall be capable of relieving excess outdoor air during air economizer operation to prevent over-pressurizing the building. The relief air outlet shall be located to avoid recirculation into the building.
C403.5.3.5 Economizer dampers. Return, exhaust/relief and outdoor air dampers used in economizers shall comply with Section ((C403.7.9))C403.7.8.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40354Section C403.5.4Waterside economizers.
C403.5.4 Waterside economizers. Waterside economizers shall comply with Sections C403.5.4.1 and C403.5.4.2.
C403.5.4.1 Design capacity. Water economizer systems shall be ((capable of cooling))configured to cool supply air by indirect evaporation and providing up to 100 percent of the expected system cooling load at outdoor air temperatures of 50°F dry-bulb (10°C dry-bulb)/45°F wet-bulb (7.2°C wet-bulb) and below.
EXCEPTION:
Systems where dehumidification requirements cannot be met using outdoor air temperatures of 50°F dry-bulb (10°C dry-bulb)/45°F wet-bulb (7.2°C wet-bulb) and where 100 percent of the expected system cooling load at 45°F dry-bulb (7.2°C dry-bulb)/40°F wet-bulb (4.5°C wet-bulb) is met with evaporative water economizers.
C403.5.4.2 Maximum pressure drop. Precooling coils and water-to-water heat exchangers used as part of a water economizer system shall either have a waterside pressure drop of less than 15 feet (4572 mm) of water or a secondary loop shall be created so that the coil or heat exchanger pressure drop is not seen by the circulating pumps when the system is in the normal cooling (noneconomizer) mode.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40360Section C403.6Requirements for mechanical systems serving multiple zones.
C403.6 Requirements for mechanical systems serving multiple zones. Sections C403.6.1 through C403.6.10 shall apply to mechanical systems serving multiple zones.
C403.6.1 Variable air volume (VAV) and multiple zone systems. Supply air systems serving multiple zones shall be VAV systems that have zone controls configured to reduce the volume of air that is reheated, recooled or mixed in each zone to one of the following:
1. Twenty percent of the zone design peak supply for systems with DDC and 30 percent of the maximum supply air for other systems.
2. Systems with ((DDV))DDC where items 2.1 through 2.3 apply.
2.1. The airflow rate in the deadband between heating and cooling does not exceed 20 percent of the zone design peak supply rate or higher allowed rates under Items 3, 4, or 5 of this section.
2.2. The first stage of heating modulates the zone supply air temperature setpoint up to a maximum setpoint while the airflow is maintained at the deadband flow rate.
2.3. The second stage of heating modulates the airflow rate from the deadband flow rate up to the heating maximum flow rate that is less than 50 percent of the zone design peak supply rate.
3. The outdoor airflow rate required to meet the minimum ventilation requirements of Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code.
4. Any higher rate that can be demonstrated to reduce overall system annual energy use by offsetting reheat/recool energy losses through a reduction in outdoor air intake for the system, as approved by the code official.
5. The airflow rates to comply with applicable codes or accreditation standards such as pressure relationships or minimum air change rates.
EXCEPTION:
The following individual zones or entire air distribution systems are exempted from the requirement for VAV control:
 
1. Zones or supply air systems where not less than 75 percent of the energy for reheating or for providing warm air in mixing systems is provided from a site-recovered source, including condenser heat.
 
2. Systems that prevent reheating, recooling, mixing or simultaneous supply of air that has been previously cooled, either mechanically or through the use of economizer systems, and air that has been previously mechanically heated.
 
3. Ventilation systems ((comply))complying with Section C403.3.5, DOAS, with ventilation rates comply with Section C403.2.2.
C403.6.2 Single duct variable air volume (VAV) systems, terminal devices. Single duct VAV systems shall use terminal devices capable of and configured to reduce the supply of primary supply air before reheating or recooling takes place.
C403.6.3 Dual duct and mixing VAV systems, terminal devices. Systems that have one warm air duct and one cool air duct shall use terminal devices which are capable of and configured to reduce the flow from one duct to a minimum before mixing of air from the other duct takes place.
C403.6.4 Supply-air temperature reset controls. Multiple zone HVAC systems shall include controls that automatically reset the supply-air temperature in response to representative building loads, or to outdoor air temperature. The controls shall be configured to reset the supply air temperature at least 25 percent of the difference between the design supply-air temperature and the design room air temperature.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems that prevent reheating, recooling or mixing of heated and cooled supply air.
 
2. Seventy-five percent of the energy for reheating is from a site-recovered source.
 
3. Zones with peak supply air quantities of 300 cfm (142 L/s) or less.
C403.6.5 Multiple-zone VAV system ventilation optimization control. Multiple-zone VAV systems with direct digital control of individual zone boxes reporting to a central control panel shall have automatic controls configured to reduce outdoor air intake flow below design rates in response to changes in system ventilation efficiency (Ev) as defined by the International Mechanical Code.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. VAV systems with zonal transfer fans that recirculate air from other zones without directly mixing it with outdoor air, dual-duct dual-fan VAV systems, and VAV systems with fan-powered terminal units.
 
2. Systems where total design exhaust airflow is more than 70 percent of total design outdoor air intake flow requirements.
C403.6.6 Parallel-flow fan-powered VAV air terminal control. Parallel-flow fan-powered VAV air terminals shall have automatic controls configured to:
1. Turn off the terminal fan except when space heating is required or where required for ventilation.
2. Turn on the terminal fan as the first stage of heating before the heating coil is activated.
3. During heating for warmup or setback temperature control, either:
3.1. Operate the terminal fan and heating coil without primary air.
3.2. Reverse the terminal damper logic and provide heating from the central air handler by primary air.
C403.6.7 Hydronic and multiple-zone HVAC system controls and equipment. Hydronic and multiple-zone HVAC system controls and equipment shall comply with this section.
For buildings with a total equipment cooling capacity of 300 tons and above, the equipment shall comply with one of the following:
1. No one unit shall have a cooling capacity of more than 2/3 of the total installed cooling equipment capacity;
2. The equipment shall have a variable speed drive; or
3. The equipment shall have multiple compressors.
C403.6.8 Set points for direct digital control. For systems with direct digital control of individual zones reporting to the central control panel, the static pressure setpoint shall be reset based on the zone requiring the most pressure. In such cases, the set point is reset lower until one zone damper is nearly wide open. The direct digital controls shall be capable of monitoring zone damper positions or shall have an alternative method of indicating the need for static pressure that is configured to provide all of the following:
1. Automatically detecting any zone that excessively drives the reset logic.
2. Generating an alarm to the system operational location.
3. Allowing an operator to readily remove one or more zones from the reset algorithm.
C403.6.9 Static pressure sensor location. Static pressure sensors used to control VAV fans shall be located such that the controller setpoint is no greater than 1.2 inches w.c. (((2099))299 Pa). Where this results in one or more sensors being located downstream of major duct splits, not less than one sensor shall be located on each major branch to ensure that static pressure can be maintained in each branch.
EXCEPTION:
Systems complying with Section C403.6.8.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-403610Section C403.6.10High efficiency VAV systems.
C403.6.10 High efficiency variable air volume (VAV) systems. For HVAC systems subject to the requirements of Section C403.3.5 but utilizing Exception 2 of that section, a high efficiency multiple-zone VAV system may be provided without a separate parallel DOAS when the system is designed, installed, and configured to comply with all of the following criteria (this exception shall not be used as a substitution for a DOAS per Section C406.6):
1. Each VAV system must serve a minimum of 3,000 square feet (278.7 m2) and have a minimum of five VAV zones.
2. The VAV systems are provided with airside economizer per Section C403.5 without exceptions.
3. A direct-digital control (DDC) system is provided to control the VAV air handling units and associated terminal units per Section C403.4.11 regardless of sizing thresholds of Table C403.4.11.1.
4. Multiple-zone VAV systems with a minimum outdoor air requirement of 2,500 cfm (1180 L/s) or greater shall be equipped with a device capable of measuring outdoor airflow intake under all load conditions. The system shall be capable of increasing or reducing the outdoor airflow intake based on feedback from the VAV terminal units as required by Section C403.6.5, without exceptions, and Section C403.7.1 demand controlled ventilation.
5. Multiple-zone VAV systems with a minimum outdoor air requirement of 2,500 cfm (1180 L/s) or greater shall be equipped with a device capable of measuring supply airflow to the VAV terminal units under all load conditions.
6. In addition to meeting the zone isolation requirements of C403.2.1 a single VAV air handling unit shall not serve more than 50,000 square feet (((2323))4645 m2) unless a single floor is greater than 50,000 square feet (((2323))4645 m2) in which case the air handler is permitted to serve the entire floor.
7. The primary maximum cooling air for the VAV terminal units serving interior cooling load driven zones shall be sized for a supply air temperature that is a minimum of 5°F greater than the supply air temperature for the exterior zones in cooling.
8. Air terminal units with a minimum primary airflow setpoint of 50 percent or greater of the maximum primary airflow setpoint shall be sized with an inlet velocity of no greater than 900 feet per minute.
9. Allowable fan motor horsepower shall not exceed 90 percent of the allowable HVAC fan system bhp (Option 2) as defined by Section C403.8.1.1.
10. All fan powered VAV terminal units (series or parallel) shall be provided with electronically commutated motors. The DDC system shall be configured to vary the speed of the motor as a function of the heating and cooling load in the space. Minimum speed shall not be greater than 66 percent of design airflow required for the greater of heating or cooling operation. Minimum speed shall be used during periods of low heating and cooling operation and ventilation-only operation.
EXCEPTION:
For series fan powered terminal units where the volume of primary air required to deliver the ventilation requirements at minimum speed exceeds the air that would be delivered at the speed defined above, the minimum speed setpoint shall be configured to exceed the value required to provide the required ventilation air.
11. Fan-powered VAV terminal units shall only be permitted at perimeter zones with an envelope heating load requirement. All other VAV terminal units shall be single duct terminal units.
EXCEPTION:
Fan powered VAV terminal units are allowed at interior spaces with an occupant load greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 square feet of floor area (as established in Table 403.3.1.1 of the International Mechanical Code) with demand control ventilation in accordance with Section C403.7.1.
12. When in occupied heating or in occupied deadband between heating and cooling all fan powered VAV terminal units shall be configured to reset the primary air supply setpoint, based on the VAV air handling unit outdoor air vent fraction, to the minimum ventilation airflow required per International Mechanical Code.
13. Spaces that are larger than 150 square feet (14 m2) and with an occupant load greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 square feet (93 m2) of floor area (as established in Table 403.3.1.1 of the International Mechanical Code) shall be provided with all of the following features:
13.1. A dedicated VAV terminal unit capable of controlling the space temperature and minimum ventilation shall be provided.
13.2. Demand control ventilation (DCV) shall be provided that utilizes a carbon dioxide sensor to reset the ventilation setpoint of the VAV terminal unit from the design minimum to design maximum ventilation rate as required by Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code.
13.3. Occupancy sensors shall be provided that are configured to reduce the minimum ventilation rate to zero and setback room temperature setpoints by a minimum of 5°F, for both cooling and heating, when the space is unoccupied.
14. Dedicated data centers, computer rooms, electronic equipment rooms, telecom rooms, or other similar spaces with cooling loads greater than 5 watts/sf shall be provided with separate cooling systems to allow the VAV air handlers to turn off during unoccupied hours in the office space and to allow the supply air temperature reset to occur.
EXCEPTION:
The VAV air handling unit and VAV terminal units may be used for secondary backup cooling when there is a failure of the primary HVAC system.
Additionally, computer rooms, electronic equipment rooms, telecom rooms, or other similar spaces shall be provided with airside economizer in accordance with Section 403.5 without using the exceptions to Section C403.5.
EXCEPTION:
Heat recovery per Exception 9 of Section C403.5 may be in lieu of airside economizer for the separate, independent HVAC system.
15. HVAC system central heating or cooling plant will include a minimum of one of the following options:
15.1. VAV terminal units with hydronic heating coils connected to systems with hot water generation equipment limited to the following types of equipment: Gas-fired hydronic boilers with a thermal efficiency, Et, of not less than ((90))92 percent, air-to-water heat pumps or heat recovery chillers. Hydronic heating coils shall be sized for a maximum entering hot water temperature of 120°F (48.9°C) for peak anticipated heating load conditions.
15.2. Chilled water VAV air handing units connected to systems with chilled water generation equipment with IPLV values more than 25 percent higher than the minimum part load efficiencies listed in Table C403.3.2(7), in the appropriate size category, using the same test procedures. Equipment shall be listed in the appropriate certification program to qualify. The smallest chiller or compressor in the central plant shall not exceed 20 percent of the total central plant cooling capacity or the chilled water system shall include thermal storage sized for a minimum of 20 percent of the total central cooling plant capacity.
16. The DDC system shall include a fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) system complying with the following:
16.1. The following temperature sensors shall be permanently installed to monitor system operation:
16.1.1. Outside air.
16.1.2. Supply air.
16.1.3. Return air.
16.2. Temperature sensors shall have an accuracy of ±2°F (1.1°C) over the range of 40°F to 80°F (4°C to 26.7°C).
16.3. The VAV air handling unit controller shall be configured to provide system status by indicating the following:
16.3.1. Free cooling available.
16.3.2. Economizer enabled.
16.3.3. Compressor enabled.
16.3.4. Heating enabled.
16.3.5. Mixed air low limit cycle active.
16.3.6. The current value of each sensor.
16.4. The VAV air handling unit controller shall be capable of manually initiating each operating mode so that the operation of compressors, economizers, fans and the heating system can be independently tested and verified.
16.5. The VAV air handling unit shall be configured to report faults to a fault management application ((accessible))able to be accessed by day-to-day operating or service personnel or annunciated locally on zone thermostats.
16.6. The VAV terminal unit shall be configured to report if the VAV inlet valve has failed by performing the following diagnostic check at a maximum interval of once a month:
16.6.1. Command VAV terminal unit primary air inlet valve closed and verify that primary airflow goes to zero.
16.6.2. Command VAV terminal unit primary air inlet valve to design airflow and verify that unit is controlling to within 10 percent of design airflow.
16.7. The VAV terminal unit shall be configured to report and trend when the zone is driving the following VAV air handling unit reset sequences. The building operator shall have the capability to exclude zones used in the reset sequences from the DDC control system graphical user interface:
16.7.1. Supply air temperature setpoint reset to lowest supply air temperature setpoint for cooling operation.
16.7.2. Supply air duct static pressure setpoint reset for the highest duct static pressure setpoint allowable.
16.8. The FDD system shall be configured to detect the following faults:
16.8.1. Air temperature sensor failure/fault.
16.8.2. Not economizing when the unit should be economizing.
16.8.3. Economizing when the unit should not be economizing.
16.8.4. Outdoor air or return air damper not modulating.
16.8.5. Excess outdoor air.
16.8.6. VAV terminal unit primary air valve failure.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40374Section C403.7.4HVAC serving guestrooms.
C403.7.4 Automatic control of HVAC systems serving guestrooms. In Group R-1 buildings containing more than 50 guestrooms, each guestroom shall be provided with controls complying with the provisions of Sections C403.7.4.1 and C403.7.4.2. Card key controls comply with these requirements.
C403.7.4.1 Temperature setpoint controls. Controls shall be provided on each HVAC system that are capable of and configured to automatically raise the cooling setpoint and lower the heating setpoint by not less than 4°F (2°C) from the occupant setpoint within 30 minutes after the occupants have left the guestroom. The controls shall be capable of and configured to automatically raise the cooling setpoint to not lower than 80°F (27°C) and lower the heating setpoint to not higher than 60°F (16°C) when the guestroom is unrented or has been continuously unoccupied for over 16 hours or a ((networked guestroom control system))networked guestroom control system indicates that the guestroom is unrented and the guestroom is unoccupied for more than 30 minutes. A ((networked guestroom control system))networked guestroom control system that is capable of returning the thermostat setpoints to default occupied setpoints 60 minutes prior to the time a guestroom is scheduled to be occupied is not precluded by this section. Cooling that is capable of limiting relative humidity with a setpoint not lower than 65 percent relative humidity during unoccupied periods is not precluded by this section
C403.7.4.2 Ventilation controls. Controls shall be provided on each HVAC system that are capable of and configured to automatically turn off the ventilation and exhaust fans within 30 minutes of the occupants leaving the guestroom or isolation devices shall be provided to each guestroom that are capable of automatically shutting off the supply of outdoor air to and exhaust air from the guestroom.
EXCEPTION:
Guestroom ventilation systems are not precluded from having an automatic daily preoccupancy purge cycle that provides daily outdoor air ventilation during unrented periods at the design ventilation rate for 60 minutes, or at a rate and duration equivalent to one air change.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-4039Section C403.9Heat rejection and heat recovery equipment.
C403.9 Heat rejection and heat recovery equipment.
C403.9.1 Heat rejection equipment. Heat rejection equipment, including air-cooled condensers, dry coolers, open-circuit cooling towers, closed-circuit cooling towers and evaporative condensers, shall comply with this section.
EXCEPTION:
Heat rejection devices where energy usage is included in the equipment efficiency ratings listed in Tables C403.3.2(1)A, C403.3.2(1)B, C403.3.2(1)C, C403.3.2(2), C403.3.2(3), C403.3.2(7) and C403.3.2(9).
Heat rejection equipment shall have a minimum efficiency performance not less than values specified in Table C403.3.2(8).
C403.9.1.1 Fan speed control. Each fan powered by an individual motor or array of motors with a connected power, including the motor service factor, totaling 5 hp (3.7 kW) or more shall have controls and devices configured to automatically modulate the fan speed to control the leaving fluid temperature or condensing temperature and pressure of the heat rejection device. Fan motor power input shall be not more than 30 percent of design wattage at 50 percent of the design airflow.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Fans serving multiple refrigerant or fluid cooling circuits.
 
2. Condenser fans serving flooded condensers.
C403.9.1.2 Multiple-cell heat rejection equipment. Multiple-cell heat rejection equipment with variable speed fan drives shall be controlled to operate the maximum number of fans allowed that comply with the manufacturer's requirements for all system components and so that all fans can operate at the same fan speed required for the instantaneous cooling duty, as opposed to staged (on/off) operation. The minimum fan speed shall be the minimum allowable speed of the fan drive system in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
C403.9.1.3 Limitation on centrifugal fan open-circuit cooling towers. Centrifugal fan open-circuit cooling towers with a combined rated capacity of 1,100 gpm (4164 L/m) or greater at 95°F (35°C) condenser water return, 85°F (29°C) condenser water supply, and 75°F (24°C) outdoor air wet-bulb temperature shall meet the energy efficiency requirement for axial fan open-circuit cooling towers listed in Table C403.3.2(8).
C403.9.1.4 Tower flow turndown. Open-circuit cooling towers used on water-cooled chiller systems that are configured with multiple- or variable-speed condenser water pumps shall be designed so that all open circuit cooling tower cells can be run in parallel with the larger of the flow that is produced by the smallest pump at its minimum expected flow rate or at 50 percent of the design flow for the cell.
C403.9.2 Heat recovery.
C403.9.2.1 Heat recovery for service water heating. Condenser heat recovery shall be installed for heating or reheating of service hot water provided the facility operates 24 hours a day, the total installed heat capacity of water cooled systems exceeds 1,500,000 Btu/hr of heat rejection, and the design service water heating load exceeds 250,000 Btu/hr.
The required heat recovery system shall have the capacity to provide the smaller of:
1. Sixty percent of the peak heat rejection load at design conditions; or
2. The preheating required to raise the peak service hot water draw to 85°F (29°C).
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Facilities that employ condenser heat recovery for space heating or reheat purposes with a heat recovery design exceeding 30 percent of the peak water-cooled condenser load at design conditions.
 
2. Facilities that provide 60 percent of their service water heating from ((site solar or)) site recovered energy ((or from other sources)).
C403.9.2.2 Steam condensate systems. On-site steam heating systems shall have condensate water heat recovery. On-site includes a system that is located within or adjacent to one or more buildings within the boundary of a contiguous area or campus under one ownership and which serves one or more of those buildings.
Buildings using steam generated off-site with steam heating systems which do not have condensate water recovery shall have condensate water recovery.
C403.9.2.3 Refrigeration condenser heat recovery. Facilities having food service, meat or deli departments and having 500,000 Btu/h or greater of remote refrigeration condensers shall have condenser waste heat recovery from freezers and coolers and shall use the waste heat for service water heating, space heating or for dehumidification reheat. Facilities having a gross conditioned floor area of 40,000 ft2 or greater and 1,000,000 Btu/h or greater of remote refrigeration shall have condenser waste heat recovery from freezers and coolers and shall use the waste heat for service water heating, and either for space heating or for dehumidification reheat for maintaining low space humidity.
C403.9.2.4 Heat recovery for space heating. A water-source condenser heat recovery system meeting the requirements of Sections C403.9.2.4.1 through C403.9.2.4.4 shall be installed to serve space and ventilation heating systems in new buildings and additions meeting the following criteria:
1. The facility operates greater than 70 hours per week.
2. The sum of all heat rejection equipment capacity serving the new building or addition exceeds 1,500,000 Btu/hr.
3. The sum of zone minimum airflows in all zones with zone reheat coils divided by the conditioned floor area served by those systems is at least 0.45 cfm per square foot.
EXCEPTION:
Systems complying with Section C403.3.5, Dedicated outdoor air systems.
C403.9.2.4.1 Water-to-water heat recovery. Ninety percent (90%) of the total building space and ventilation heating system design load shall be served by systems that include heat recovery chiller or water-to-water heat pump equipment capable of rejecting heat from the cooling loop to the space and ventilation heating loop as the first stage of heating.
C403.9.2.4.2 Exhaust heat recovery. Heat shall be recovered by the heat recovery system from 90 percent of the total building exhaust airflow. The maximum leaving air temperature of exhaust air after heat recovery shall be 55ºF dry-bulb when operating at full capacity in heat recovery mode.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where energy recovery systems are restricted by Section 514 of the International Mechanical Code to sensible energy, those systems shall not be included in the calculation of total building exhaust airflow.
 
2. Exhaust air systems handling contaminated airstreams that are regulated by applicable codes or accreditation standards and pose a health risk to maintenance personnel to maintain heat recovery devices, those systems shall not be included in the calculation of total building exhaust airflow.
C403.9.2.4.3 Process heat recovery. Spaces with year-round cooling loads from lights and equipment of 5 watts and greater per square foot shall be served by water-cooled equipment. Cooling loops serving the water-cooled equipment shall be served by water source heat recovery systems meeting the requirements of Section C403.9.2.4.1. If such spaces are provided with an air or water economizer, the economizer controls shall be configured with an override signal from the building automation system to disable economizer operation during heat recovery mode.
C403.9.2.4.4 Water-to-water heat recovery sizing. The minimum total combined capacity of heat recovery chillers or water-to-water heat pumps shall match the total combined capacity of installed equipment sized to meet the requirements of Sections C403.9.2.4.2 and C403.9.2.4.3.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40391Section C403.10Construction of HVAC system elements.
C403.10 Construction of HVAC system elements. Ducts, plenums, piping and other elements that are part of an HVAC system shall be constructed and insulated in accordance with Sections C403.10.1 through C403.10.3.1.
C403.10.1 Duct and plenum insulation and sealing.
C403.10.1.1 Ducts conveying outdoor air. Ducts, shafts and plenums conveying outdoor air from the exterior of the building to the mechanical system shall meet all air leakage and building envelope insulation requirements of Section C402, plus building envelope vapor control requirements from the International Building Code, extending continuously from the building exterior to an automatic shutoff damper or heating or cooling equipment. For the purposes of building envelope insulation requirements, duct surfaces shall be insulated with the minimum insulation values in Table C403.10.1.1. Duct surfaces included as part of the building envelope shall not be used in the calculation of maximum glazing area as described in Section C402.4.1.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Outdoor air ducts serving individual supply air units with less than 2,800 cfm of total supply air capacity, provided these are insulated to the minimum insulation values in Table C403.10.1.1.
 
2. Unheated equipment rooms with combustion air louvers, provided they are isolated from conditioned space at sides, top and bottom of the room with R-11 nominal insulation.
Table C403.10.1.1
Outdoor Air Ductwork Insulation
Duct system
Duct Location
and Use
Climate Zone
Airflow
Minimum Installed
Duct Insulation
R-valuea,b
Notes
Outdoor Air
Inside conditioned space and upstream of automatic shutoff damper
4C and 5B
≥ 2800 CFM
R-16
See Section C403.10.1.1 for additional requirements
Outdoor Air
Inside conditioned space and downstream of automatic shutoff damper to HVAC unit or room
4C
≥ 2800 CFM
R-8
 
Outdoor Air
Inside conditioned space and downstream of automatic shutoff damper to HVAC unit or room
5B
≥ 2800 CFM
R-12
 
Outdoor Air
Inside conditioned space
4C and 5B
≤ 2800 CFM
R-7
See Exception 1 to Section C403.10.1.1 for additional details
a
Insulation R-values, measured in h·ft2·°F/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of 75°F at the installed thickness.
b
See International Mechanical Code Sections 603.12 and 604 for further details on duct insulation requirements.
C403.10.1.2 Other supply and return ducts. All other supply and return air ducts and plenums shall be insulated with a minimum of R-6 insulation where located in unconditioned spaces, and where located outside the building with a minimum of R-8 insulation in Climate Zone 4 and R-12 insulation in Climate Zone 5. Where located within a building envelope assembly, the duct or plenum shall be separated from the building exterior or unconditioned or exempt spaces by minimum insulation value as required for exterior walls by Section C402.1.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where located within equipment.
 
2. Supply and return ductwork located in unconditioned spaces where the design temperature difference between the interior and exterior of the duct or plenum does not exceed 15°F (8°C) and are insulated in accordance with Table C403.10.1.2.
Where located within conditioned space, supply ducts which convey supply air at temperatures less than 55°F or greater than 105°F shall be insulated with a minimum insulation R-value in accordance with Table C403.10.1.2.
EXCEPTION:
Ductwork exposed to view within a zone that serves that zone is not required to be insulated.
Where located within conditioned space, return or exhaust air ducts that convey return or exhaust air downstream of an energy recovery media shall be insulated with a minimum insulation R-value in accordance with Table C403.10.1.2.
All ducts, air handlers, and filter boxes shall be sealed. Joints and seams shall comply with Section 603.9 of the International Mechanical Code.
Table C403.10.1.2
Supply, Return, Exhaust and Relief Air Ductwork Insulation
Duct System
Duct Location
and Use
Climate Zone
Minimum Installed Duct Insulation
R-valuea,b
Notes
Supply air or return air
Outside the building (outdoors and exposed to weather)c
4C
R-8
See Section C403.10.1.2 for details
Supply air or return air
Outside the building (outdoors and exposed to weather)c
5B
R-12
See Section C403.10.1.2 for details
Supply air or return air
Unconditioned space (enclosed but not in the building conditioned envelope)
4C and 5B
R-6
See Section C403.10.1.2 for details
Supply air or return air
Unconditioned space where the duct conveys air that is within 15°F of the air temperature of the surrounding unconditioned space
4C and 5B
R-3.3
See IMC Section 603.12 for additional requirements for condensation control at ductwork
Supply air or return air
Where located in a building envelope assembly
4C and 5B
R-16
Duct or plenum is separated from building envelope assembly with the minimum insulation value
Supply air
Within conditioned space where the supply duct conveys air that is less than 55°F or greater than 105°F
4C and 5B
R-3.3
See Section C403.10.1.2 for details
Supply air
Within conditioned space that the duct directly serves where the supply duct conveys air that is less than 55°F or greater than 105°F
4C and 5B
None
See Section C403.10.1.2 for details
Supply air
Within conditioned space where the supply duct conveys air that is 55°F or greater and 105°F or less
4C and 5B
None
 
Return or exhaust air
Within conditioned space, downstream of an energy recovery media, upstream of an automatic shutoff damper
4C
R-8
 
Return or exhaust air
Within conditioned space, downstream of an energy recovery media, upstream of an automatic shutoff damper
5B
R-12
 
Relief or exhaust air
Conditioned space and downstream of an automatic shutoff damper
4C and 5B
R-16
 
a
Insulation R-values, measured in h·ft2·°F/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of 75°F at the installed thickness.
b
See International Mechanical Code Sections 603.12 and 604 for further details on duct insulation requirements.
c
Includes attics above insulated ceilings, parking garages and crawl spaces.
C403.10.2 Duct construction. Ductwork shall be constructed and erected in accordance with the International Mechanical Code.
C403.10.2.1 Low-pressure duct systems. Longitudinal and transverse joints, seams and connections of supply and return ducts operating at a static pressure less than or equal to 2 inches water gauge (w.g.) (500 Pa) shall be securely fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), mastic-plus embedded-fabric systems or tapes installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Pressure classifications specific to the duct system shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents in accordance with the International Mechanical Code.
EXCEPTION:
Continuously welded and locking-type longitudinal joints and seams on ducts operating at static pressures less than 2 inches water gauge (w.g.) (500 Pa) pressure classification.
C403.10.2.2 Medium-pressure duct systems. Ducts and plenums designed to operate at a static pressure greater than 2 inches water gauge (w.g.) (500 Pa) but less than 3 inches w.g. (750 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in accordance with Section C403.10.1. Pressure classifications specific to the duct system shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents in accordance with the International Mechanical Code.
C403.10.2.3 High-pressure duct systems. Ducts designed to operate at static pressures equal to or greater than 3 inches water gauge (w.g.) (750 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in accordance with Section C403.10.1. In addition, ducts and plenums shall be leak-tested in accordance with the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual and shown to have a rate of air leakage (CL) less than or equal to 4.0 as determined in accordance with Equation 4-9.
(Equation 4-9)
CL
 
F/P((0.65))0.65
Where:
 
 
F
 
The measured leakage rate in cfm per 100 square feet of duct surface.
P
 
The static pressure of the test.
Documentation shall be furnished by the designer demonstrating that representative sections totaling at least 25 percent of the duct area have been tested and that all tested sections meet the requirements of this section.
C403.10.3 Piping insulation. All piping serving as part of a heating or cooling system shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table C403.10.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Factory-installed piping within HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with a test procedure referenced by this code.
 
2. Factory-installed piping within room fan-coils and unit ventilators tested and rated according to AHRI 440 (except that the sampling and variation provisions of Section 6.5 shall not apply) and 840, respectively.
 
3. Piping that conveys fluids that have a design operating temperature range between 60°F (15°C) and 105°F (41°C).
 
4. Piping that conveys fluids that have not been heated or cooled through the use of fossil fuels or electric power.
 
5. Strainers, control valves, and balancing valves associated with piping 1 inch (25 mm) or less in diameter.
 
6. Direct buried piping that conveys fluids at or below 60°F (15°C).
Table C403.10.3
Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness (thickness in inches)a
Fluid Operating Temperature Range and Usage (°F)
Insulation Conductivity
Nominal Pipe or Tube Size (inches)
Conductivity
Btu • in. /(h • ft2 • °F)b
Mean
Rating
Temperature, °F
< 1
1 to < 1-1/2
1-1/2 to < 4
4 to < 8
≥ 8
˃ 350
0.32 - 0.34
250
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
251 - 350
0.29 - 0.32
200
3.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
201 - 250
0.27 - 0.30
150
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
141 - 200
0.25 - 0.29
125
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
105 - 140
0.21 - 0.28
100
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
40 - 60
0.21 - 0.27
75
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
< 40
0.20 - 0.26
75
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
a
For piping smaller than 1-1/2 inch (38 mm) and located in partitions within conditioned spaces, reduction of these thicknesses by 1 inch (25 mm) shall be permitted (before thickness adjustment required in footnote b) but not to a thickness less than 1 inch (25 mm).
b
For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined as follows:
T
 
r{(1 + t/r)K/k - 1}
Where:
 
 
T
=
Minimum insulation thickness.
r
=
Actual outside radius of pipe.
t
=
Insulation thickness listed in the table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size.
K
=
Conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu × in/h × ft2 × °F).
k
=
The upper value of the conductivity range listed in the table for the applicable fluid temperature.
c
For direct-buried heating and hot water system piping, reduction of these thicknesses by 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) shall be permitted (before thickness adjustment required in footnote b but not to thicknesses less than 1 inch (25 mm).
C403.10.3.1 Protection of piping insulation. Piping insulation exposed to weather shall be protected from damage, including that due to sunlight, moisture, equipment maintenance and wind, and shall provide shielding from solar radiation that can cause degradation of the material. Adhesives tape shall not be permitted.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40392Section C403.11Mechanical systems outside the building envelope.
C403.11 Mechanical systems located outside of the building thermal envelope. Mechanical systems providing heat outside of the thermal envelope of a building shall comply with Sections C403.11.1 through C403.11.3.
C403.11.1 Heating outside a building. Systems installed to provide heat outside a building shall be radiant systems.
Such heating systems shall be controlled by an occupancy sensing device or a timer switch, so that the system is automatically deenergized when no occupants are present.
C403.11.2 Snow- and ice-melt system controls. Snow- and ice-melting systems, supplied through energy service to the building, shall include automatic controls configured to shut off the system when the pavement temperature is above 50°F (10°C) and no precipitation is falling and an automatic control that is configured to ((shutoff))shut off when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F (4°C) so that the potential for snow or ice accumulation is negligible.
C403.11.3 Freeze protection system controls. Freeze protection systems, such as heat tracing of outdoor piping and heat exchangers, including self-regulating heat tracing, shall include automatic controls configured to shut off the systems when outdoor air temperatures are above 40°F (4°C) or when the conditions of the protected fluid will prevent freezing.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40393Section C403.12High efficiency single zone VAV systems.
C403.12 High efficiency single-zone variable air volume (VAV) systems. For HVAC systems subject to the requirements of Section C403.3.5 but utilizing Exception 2 of that section, a high efficiency single-zone VAV system may be provided without a separate parallel DOAS when the system is designed, installed, and configured to comply with all of the following criteria (this exception shall not be used as a substitution for a DOAS per Section C406.6 or as a modification to the requirements for the Standard Reference Design in accordance with Section C407):
1. The single-zone VAV system is provided with airside economizer in accordance with Section C403.3 without exceptions.
2. A direct-digital control (DDC) system is provided to control the system as a single zone in accordance with Section C403.4.11 regardless of sizing thresholds of Table C403.4.11.1.
3. Single-zone VAV systems with a minimum outdoor air requirement of 1,000 cfm (472 L/s) or greater shall be equipped with a device capable of measuring outdoor airflow intake under all load conditions. The system shall be capable of increasing or reducing the outdoor airflow intake based on Section C403.7.1, Demand controlled ventilation.
4. Allowable fan motor horsepower shall not exceed 90 percent of the allowable HVAC fan system bhp (Option 2) as defined by Section C403.8.1.1.
5. Each single-zone VAV system shall be designed to vary the supply fan airflow as a function of heating and cooling load and minimum fan speed shall not be more than the greater of:
5.1. 30 percent of peak design airflow; or
5.2. The required ventilation flow assuming no occupants.
6. Spaces that are larger than 150 square feet (14 m2) and with an occupant load greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 square feet (93 m2) of floor area (as established in Table 403.3.1.1 of the International Mechanical Code) shall be provided with all of the following features:
6.1. Demand control ventilation (DCV) shall be provided that utilizes a carbon dioxide sensor to reset the ventilation setpoint of the single-zone VAV system from the design minimum to design maximum ventilation rate as required by Chapter 4 of the International Mechanical Code.
6.2. Occupancy sensors shall be provided that are configured to reduce the minimum ventilation rate to zero and setback room temperature setpoints by a minimum of 5°F, for both cooling and heating, when the space is unoccupied.
7. Single-zone VAV systems shall comply with one of the following options:
7.1. Single-zone VAV air handling units with a hydronic heating coil connected to systems with hot water generation equipment limited to the following types of equipment: Gas-fired hydronic boilers with a thermal efficiency, Et, of not less than 92 percent, air-to-water heat pumps or heat recovery chillers. Hydronic heating coils shall be sized for a maximum entering hot water temperature of 120°F for peak anticipated heating load conditions.
7.2. Single-zone VAV air handing units with a chilled water coil connected to systems with chilled water generation equipment with IPLV values more than 25 percent higher than the minimum part load efficiencies listed in Table C403.3.2(7), in the appropriate size category, using the same test procedures. Equipment shall be listed in the appropriate certification program to qualify. The smallest chiller or compressor in the central plant shall not exceed 20 percent of the total central plant cooling capacity or the chilled water system shall include thermal storage sized for a minimum of 20 percent of the total central cooling plant capacity.
7.3. Single-zone VAV air handling units with DX cooling, heat pump heating or gas-fired furnace shall comply with the following requirements as applicable:
7.3.1. Have a DX cooling coil with cooling part load efficiency that is a minimum of 15 percent higher than the minimum SEER or IEER listed in Tables C403.3.2(1) and C403.3.2(2).
7.3.2. Have a gas-fired furnace with a thermal efficiency, Et, of not less than 90 percent or heat pump with a minimum heating HSPF or COP efficiency that are a minimum of 10 percent higher than the minimum heating efficiency in Tables C403.3.2(1) and C403.3.2(2).
7.3.3. Heating coils or burner output shall be modulating or have a minimum of 2 stages with the first stage being less than 50 percent of total heating capacity. Cooling coils shall be modulating or have a minimum of 2 stages with the first stage being less than 50 percent of the total cooling capacity.
8. The DDC system shall include a fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) system complying with the following:
8.1. The following temperature sensors shall be permanently installed to monitor system operation:
8.1.1. Outside air.
8.1.2. Supply air.
8.1.3. Return air.
8.2. Temperature sensors shall have an accuracy of ±2°F (1.1°C) over the range of 40°F to 80°F (4°C to 26.7°C).
8.3. The single-zone VAV air handling unit controller shall be configured to provide system status by indicating the following:
8.3.1. Free cooling available.
8.3.2. Economizer enabled.
8.3.3. Compressor enabled.
8.3.4. Heating enabled.
8.3.5. Mixed air low limit cycle active.
8.3.6. The current value of each sensor.
8.4. The single-zone VAV air handling unit controller shall be capable of manually initiating each operating mode so that the operation of compressors, economizers, fans and the heating system can be independently tested and verified.
8.5. The single-zone VAV air handling unit shall be configured to report faults to a fault management application ((accessible))able to be accessed by day-to-day operating or service personnel or annunciated locally on zone thermostats.
8.6. The FDD system shall be configured to detect the following faults:
8.6.1. Air temperature sensor failure/fault.
8.6.2. Not economizing when the unit should be economizing.
8.6.3. Economizing when the unit should not be economizing.
8.6.4. Outdoor air or return air damper not modulating.
8.6.5. Excess outdoor air.
C403.13 Commissioning. Mechanical systems shall be commissioned in accordance with Section C408.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40402Section C404.2Service water-heating equipment performance efficiency.
C404.2 Service water-heating equipment performance efficiency. Water-heating equipment and hot water storage tanks shall meet the requirements of Table C404.2. The efficiency shall be verified through certification and listed under an approved certification program, or if no certification program exists, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the manufacturer. Water-heating equipment intended to be used to provide space heating shall meet the applicable provisions of Table C404.2.
C404.2.1 High input-rated service water heating systems for other than Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies. In new buildings where the combined input rating of the water-heating equipment installed in a building is equal to or greater than 1,000,000 Btu/h (293 kW), the combined input-capacity-weighted-average efficiency of water-heating equipment shall be no less than the following for each water heating fuel source:
1. Electric: A rated COP of not less than 2.0. For air-source heat pump equipment, the COP rating will be reported at the design leaving heat pump water temperature with an ((enter))entering air temperature of 60°F (15.6°C) or less.
2. Fossil Fuel: A rated Et of not less than 90 percent as determined by the applicable test procedure in Table C404.2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where not less than 25 percent of the annual service water-heating requirement is provided from any of the following sources:
 
1.1. Renewable energy generated on-site that is not being used to satisfy another requirement of this code; or
 
1.2. Site-recovered energy that is not being used to satisfy other requirements of this code.
 
2. Redundant equipment intended to only operate during equipment failure or periods of extended maintenance.
 
3. Electric resistance heated systems installed as part of an alteration where the water heating equipment is installed at the grade level in a building with a height of four stories or greater.
 
4. Hot water heat exchangers used to provide service water heating from a district utility (steam, heating hot water).
 
5. Water heaters provided as an integral part of equipment intended to only heat or boost the heat of water used by that equipment.
 
6. For electric heat systems, supplemental water heaters not meeting this criteria that function as auxiliary heating only when the outdoor temperature is below 32°F (0°C) or when a defrost cycle is required are not required to have a rated COP of 2.0. Such systems shall be sized and configured to lock out electric resistance or fossil fuel heating from operation when the outdoor temperature is above 32°F (0°C) unless the system is in defrost operation.
C404.2.2 High input-rated service water heating system for Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies. In new buildings with over 1,000,000 Btu/h installed service water heating capacity serving Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies, at least 25 percent of annual water heating energy shall be provided from any combination of the following water heating sources:
1. Renewable energy generated on-site that is not being used to satisfy other requirements of this code; or
2. Site-recovered energy that is not being used to satisfy other requirements of this code.
EXCEPTION:
Compliance with this section is not required if the combined input-capacity-weighted average equipment rating for each service water heating fuel source type is not less than the following:
 
1. Electric Resistance: An electric resistance water heater with a rating of 105 percent of the rated efficiency of Table C404.2.
 
2. Electric Heat Pump (10 C.F.R. Part 430): A heat pump water heater rated in accordance with 10 C.F.R. Part 430 with a rating of 105 percent of the rated efficiency of Table C404.2.
 
3. Electric Heat Pump (not listed in accordance with 10 C.F.R. Part 430): A heat pump water heater not rated in accordance with 10 C.F.R. Part 430 shall have a COP of not less than 2.0. For air-source heat pump equipment the COP rating will be reported at the design leaving heat pump water temperature with an entering air temperature of 60°F (15.6°C) or less. Supplemental water heaters not meeting the above criteria that function as auxiliary heating only when the outdoor temperature is below 32°F (0°C) or when a defrost cycle is required are not required to have a rated COP of 2.0. Such systems shall be sized and configured to lock out electric resistance or fossil fuel heating from operation when the outdoor temperature is above 32°F (0°C) unless the system is in defrost operation.
 
4. Fossil Fuels: A rated Et of not less than 90 percent as determined by the applicable test procedures in Table C404.2.
 
5. Hot water heat exchangers used to provide service water heating from a district utility (steam, heating hot water).
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-404021Table C404.2Minimum performance of water-heating equipment.
Table C404.2
Minimum Performance of Water-Heating Equipment
Equipment Type
Size Category (input)
Subcategory or Rating
Condition
Performance Requireda, b
Test Procedure
Storage water heaters, electric
≤ 12 kWd
Tabletope ≥ 20 gal and ≥ 120 gal
0.93 - 0.00132V, EF
DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430
Resistance ≥ 20 gal and ≤ 55 gal
0.960 - 0.0003V, EF
Grid-enabledf ˃ 75 gal and ≤ 120 gal
1.06 - 0.00168V, EF
˃ 12 kWd
Resistance
(0.3 + 27)/Vm,%/hg
Section G.2 of ANSI Z21.10.3
 
≤ 24 amps and ≤ 250 volts
Heat pump
2.057 - 0.00113V, EF
DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430
Instantaneous water heaters, electric
All
Resistance
0.93 - 0.00132V, EF
DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430
Storage water heaters, gas
≤ 75,000 Btu/h
≥ 20 gal and ≤ 55 gal
0.675 - 0.0015V, EF
DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430
˃ 55 gal and ≤ 100 gal
0.8012 - 0.00078V, EF
˃ 75,000 Btu/h
< 4,000 Btu/h/gal
80% Et (Q/800 + 110√V) SL, Btu/h
Section G.1 and G.2 of ANSI Z21.10.3
 
˃ 50,000 Btu/h and
< 200,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and < 2 gal
0.82 - 0.0019V, EF
DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430
Instantaneous water heaters, gas
≥ 200,000 Btu/hc
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 10 gal
80% Et
Section G.1 and G.2 of ANSI Z21.10.3
 
≥ 200,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and ≥ 10 gal
80% Et (Q/800 + 110√V) SL, Btu/h
Storage water heaters, oil
≤ 105,000 Btu/h
≥ 20 gal
0.68 - 0.0019V, EF
DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430
˃ 105,000 Btu/h
< 4,000 Btu/h/gal
((78))80% Et (Q/800 + 110√V) SL, Btu/h
Section G.1 and G.2 of ANSI Z21.10.3
 
≤ 210,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 2 gal
0.59 - 0.0019V, EF
DOE 10 C.F.R. Part 430
Instantaneous water heaters, oil
˃ 210,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 10 gal
80% Et
Section G.1 and G.2 of ANSI Z21.10.3
 
˃ 210,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and ≥ 10 gal
78% Et (Q/800 + 110√V) SL, Btu/h
Hot water supply boilers, gas and oil
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and
< 12,500,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 10 gal
80% Et
Section G.1 and G.2 of ANSI Z21.10.3
Hot water supply boilers, gas
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and
< 12,500,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and ≥ 10 gal
80% Et (Q/800 + 110√V) SL, Btu/h
Hot water supply boilers, oil
≥ 300,000 Btu/h and
< 12,500,000 Btu/h
≥ 4,000 Btu/h/gal and ˃ 10 gal
78% Et (Q/800 + 110√V) SL, Btu/h
Pool heaters, gas and oil
All
82% Et
ASHRAE 146
Heat pump pool heaters
All
4.0 COP
AHRI 146
Unfired storage tanks
All
Minimum insulation requirement R-12.5 (h • ft2 • °F)/Btu
(none)
For SI:
°C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 British thermal unit per hour per gallon = 0.078 W/L.
a
Energy factor (EF) and thermal efficiency (Et) are minimum requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated volume in gallons.
b
Standby loss (SL) is the maximum Btu/h based on a nominal 70°F temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the SL equation, Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h. In the SL equation for electric water heaters, V is the rated volume in gallons and Vm is the measured volume in gallons. In the SL equation for oil and gas water heaters and boilers, V is the rated volume in gallons.
c
Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200,000 Btu/h shall comply with these requirements if the water heater is designed to heat water to temperatures 180°F or higher.
d
Electric water heaters with an input rating of 12 kW (40,950 Btu/h) or less that are designed to heat water to temperatures of 180°F or greater shall comply with the requirements for electric water heaters that have an input rating greater than 12 kW (40,950 Btu/h).
e
A tabletop water heater is a water heater that is enclosed in a rectangular cabinet with a flat top surface not more than three feet (0.91 m) in height.
f
A grid-enabled water heater is an electric resistance water heater that meets all of the following:
 
1. Has a rated storage tank volume of more than 75 gallons.
 
2. Is manufactured on or after April 16, 2015.
 
3. Is equipped at the point of manufacture with an activation lock.
 
4. Bears a permanent label applied by the manufacturer that complies with all of the following:
 
4.1. Is made of material not adversely affected by water.
 
4.2. Is attached by means of nonwater soluble adhesive.
 
4.3. Advises purchasers and end-users of the intended and appropriate use of the product with the following notice printed in 16.5 point Arial narrow bold font: "IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This water heater is intended only for use as a part of an electric thermal storage or demand response program. It will not provide adequate hot water unless enrolled in such a program and activated by your utility company or another program operator. Confirm the availability of a program in your local area before purchasing or installing this product."
g
%/h is the energy consumed to replace the heat loss from the tank while on standby, expressed as a percentage of the total energy in the stored water per hour.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40406Section C404.6Pipe insulation.
C404.6 Insulation of piping. Piping from a water heater to the termination of the heated water fixture supply pipe shall be insulated in accordance with Table C403.10.3. On both the inlet and outlet piping of a storage water heater or heated water storage tank, the piping to a heat trap or the first 8 feet (2438 mm) of piping, whichever is less, shall be insulated. Piping that is heat traced shall be insulated in accordance with Table C403.10.3 or the heat trace manufacturer's instructions. Tubular pipe insulation shall be installed in accordance with the insulation manufacturer's instructions. Pipe insulation shall be continuous, including through hangers and supports, such that thermal bridging is prevented, except where the piping passes through a framing member. The minimum insulation thickness requirements of this section shall not supersede any greater insulation thickness requirements necessary for the protection of piping from freezing temperatures or the protection of personnel against external surface temperatures on the insulation.
EXCEPTION:
Tubular pipe insulation shall not be required on the following:
 
1. The tubing from the connection at the termination of the fixture supply piping to a plumbing fixture or plumbing appliance.
 
2. Valves, pumps, strainers and threaded unions in piping that is 1 inch (25 mm) or less in nominal diameter.
 
3. Piping from user-controlled shower and bath mixing valves to the water outlets.
 
4. Cold-water piping of a demand recirculation water system.
 
5. Tubing from a hot drinking-water heating unit to the water outlet.
 
6. Piping at locations where a vertical support of the piping is installed.
 
7. Piping surrounded by building insulation with a thermal resistance (R-value) of not less than R-3.
 
8. Hot water piping that is part of the final pipe run to the plumbing fixture and is not part of the heated-water circulation system circulation path is not required to meet the minimum insulation requirements of Section C404.6.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40502Section C405.2Electrical power and lighting systems.
C405.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be provided with controls that comply with one of the following:
1. Lighting controls as specified in Sections C405.2.1 through ((C405.2.8))C405.2.7.
2. Luminaire level lighting controls (((LLC))LLLC) and lighting controls as specified in Sections C405.2.1, C405.2.3 and C405.2.5. The ((LLC))LLLC luminaire shall be independently configured to:
2.1. Monitor occupant activity to brighten or dim lighting when occupied or unoccupied, respectively.
2.2. Monitor ambient light, both electric and daylight, and brighten or dim artificial light to maintain desired light level.
2.3. For each control strategy, configuration and reconfiguration of performance parameters including: Bright and dim setpoints, timeouts, dimming fade rates, sensor sensitivity adjustments, and wireless zoning configuration.
EXCEPTION:
Except for specific application controls required by Section C405.2.5, lighting controls are not required for the following:
 
1. Areas designated as security or emergency areas that are required to be continuously lighted.
 
2. Means of egress illumination serving the exit access that does not exceed 0.02 watts per square foot of building area.
 
3. Emergency egress lighting that is normally off.
 
4. Industrial or manufacturing process areas, as may be required for production and safety.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-405021Section C405.2.1Occupant sensor controls.
C405.2.1 Occupant sensor controls. Occupant sensor controls shall be installed to control lights in the following space types:
1. Classrooms/lecture/training rooms.
2. Conference/meeting/multipurpose rooms.
3. Copy/print rooms.
4. Lounges/breakrooms.
5. Enclosed offices.
6. Open plan office areas.
7. Restrooms.
8. Storage rooms.
9. Locker rooms.
10. Other spaces 300 square feet (28 m2) or less that are enclosed by floor-to-ceiling height partitions.
11. Warehouse storage areas.
12. Enclosed fire rated stairways.
13. Service corridors.
14. Covered parking areas.
Occupant sensor controls in warehouse storage areas, corridors, and library stacks, shall comply with Section C405.2.1.2. Occupant sensor controls in fire rated stairways shall comply with Section C405.2.1.5. Occupant sensor controls in open plan office areas shall comply with Section C405.2.1.3. Occupant sensor controls in covered parking areas shall comply with Section C405.2.1.4. Occupant sensor controls for all other spaces shall comply with Section C405.2.1.1.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Corridors in manufacturing facilities.
 
2. General lighting and task lighting in shop and laboratory classrooms.
 
3. Digital timer switch controls may be provided in lieu of occupant sensor controls in the following space types ((in))if under 300 square feet: Copy/print rooms, storage rooms, and janitorial closets. Digital timer switches shall comply with the following:
 
3.1. Turn lights on or off with operation of a button, switch or other manual means.
 
3.2. Automatically turn lights off within 15 minutes of the lights being turned on. The means for setting the time delay shall not be visible on the front of the switch.
 
3.3. The switch shall provide both audible and visual indication of impending time-out of the switch. Audible and visual indication shall be given at least once within 5 minutes of time-out of the switch. Visual indication shall consist of turning the lights momentarily off, and then back on.
C405.2.1.1 Occupant sensor control function. Occupant sensor controls shall comply with all of the following:
1. They shall be configured to automatically turn off lights within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving the space.
2. They shall be manual on or configured to automatically turn the lighting on to not more than 50 percent power.
EXCEPTION:
Full automatic-on controls shall be permitted to control lighting in public corridors, stairways, restrooms, primary building entrances areas and lobbies, and areas where manual-on operation would endanger the safety or security of the room or building occupants.
3. They shall incorporate a manual control to allow occupants to turn lights off.
C405.2.1.2 Occupant sensor control function in warehouses, storage areas and service corridors. Occupant sensor controls shall be configured to comply with all of the following:
1. Automatically reduce lighting power by not less than 50 percent within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving the area.
2. Control lighting in each aisleway and corridor independently, and shall not control lighting beyond the aisleway or corridor being controlled by the sensor.
3. Automatically turn lighting off within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving the space, or comply with Section C405.2.2 to turn lighting off when the building is vacant.
4. Restore lighting to full power when occupants enter the space.
C405.2.1.3 Occupant sensor control function in open plan office areas. Occupant sensor controls in open plan office spaces less than 300 square feet (28 m2) in area shall comply with Section C405.2.1.1. Occupant sensor controls in all other open plan office spaces shall be configured to comply with all of the following:
1. General lighting is controlled separately in control zones with floor areas not greater than 600 square feet (55 m2) within the open plan office space.
2. Automatically turn off general lighting in all control zones within 20 minutes after all occupants have left the open plan office space.
3. General lighting power in each control zone is reduced by not less than 80 percent of the full zone general lighting power within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving that control zone. Control functions that switch control zone lights completely off when the zone is unoccupied meet this requirement.
4. Daylight responsive controls activate open plan office space general lighting or control zone general lighting only when occupancy for the same area is detected.
C405.2.1.4 Occupant sensor control function in parking garages. Occupant sensor controls shall be configured to comply with all of the following:
1. Lighting power of each luminaire shall be automatically reduced by a minimum of 30 percent when there is no vehicle or pedestrian activity detected within a lighting zone for 20 minutes. Lighting zones for this requirement shall be no larger than 3,600 square feet.
Exceptions:
1.1. Lighting in daylight transition zones and ramps without parking.
1.2. Covered parking garages with a total lighting power less than 0.07 watts per square foot.
2. Where time switch controls in accordance with Section C405.2.2 are not installed, the occupant sensor shall automatically turn all the lighting off within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving the space and restore lighting to full power when occupants enter the space.
C405.2.1.5 Occupant sensor control function in enclosed fire rated stairways. Occupant sensor controls shall be configured to automatically reduce lighting power by not less than 50 percent when no occupants have been detected in the stairway for a period not exceeding 20 minutes and restore lighting to full power when occupants enter the stairway. All portions of stairways shall remain illuminated to meet the requirements of Section 1009 of the International Building Code when the lighting power is reduced.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-405025Section C405.2.5Additional lighting controls.
C405.2.5 Additional lighting controls. Specific application lighting shall be provided with controls, in addition to controls required by other sections, for the following:
1. The following lighting shall be controlled by an occupant sensor complying with Section C405.2.1.1 or a time switch control complying with Section C405.2.2.1. In addition, a manual control shall be provided to control such lighting separately from the general lighting in the space:
1.1. Display and accent.
1.2. Lighting in display cases.
1.3. Supplemental task lighting, including permanently installed under-shelf or under-cabinet lighting.
1.4. Lighting equipment that is for sale or demonstration in lighting education.
2. Sleeping units shall have control device(s) or systems configured to automatically switch off all permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles within 20 minutes after all occupants have left the unit.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Lighting and switched receptacles controlled by card key controls.
 
2. Spaces where patient care is directly provided.
3. Permanently installed luminaires within dwelling units shall be provided with controls complying with either Section C405.2.1.1 or ((C405.2.2.2))C405.2.3.1.
4. Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food warming, shall be controlled by a dedicated control that is independent of the controls for other lighting within the room or space. Each control zone shall be no greater than the area served by a single luminaire or 4,000 square feet, whichever is larger.
5. Luminaires serving the exit access and providing means of egress illumination required by Section ((1006.1))1008.2 of the International Building Code, including luminaires that function as both normal and emergency means of egress illumination shall be controlled by a combination of listed emergency relay and occupancy sensors, or signal from another building control system, that automatically shuts off the lighting when the areas served by that illumination are unoccupied.
EXCEPTION:
Means of egress illumination serving the exit access that does not exceed 0.02 watts per square foot of building area is exempt from this requirement.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-405028Section ((C405.2.8))C405.2.7Area controls.
((C405.2.8))C405.2.7 Area controls. The maximum lighting power that may be controlled from a single switch or automatic control device shall not exceed that which is provided by a 20 ampere circuit loaded to not more than 80 percent. A master control may be installed provided the individual switches retain their capability to function independently. Circuit breakers may not be used as the sole means of switching.
EXCEPTION:
Areas less than 5 percent of the building footprint for footprints over 100,000 ft2.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-405051Section C405.4.1Total connected interior lighting power.
C405.4.1 Total connected interior lighting power. The total connected interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-10.
TCLP = [LVL + BLL + TRK + POE + Other]
(Equation 4-10)
Where:
TCLP = Total connected lighting power (watts).
LVL = For luminaires with lamps connected directly to building power, such as line voltage lamps, the rated wattage of the lamp, which must be minimum 60 lumens/watt.
BLL = For luminaires incorporating a ballast or transformer, the rated input wattage of the ballast or transformer when operating the lamp.
TRK = For lighting track, cable conductor, rail conductor and plug-in busway systems that allow the addition and relocation of luminaires without rewiring((.)), the wattage shall be one of the following:
1. The specified wattage of the luminaires, but not less than 16 W/lin. ft. (52 W/lin. m).
2. The wattage limit of the permanent current limiting devices protecting the system.
3. The wattage limit of the transformer supplying the system.
POE = For other modular lighting systems served with power supplied by a driver, power supply for transformer including, but not limited to, low-voltage lighting systems, the wattage of the system shall be the maximum rated input wattage of the driver, power supply or transformed published in the manufacturer's catalogs, as specified by UL 2108 or 8750. For power-over-Ethernet lighting systems, power provided to installed nonlighting devices may be subtracted from the total power rating of the power-over-Ethernet systems.
Other = The wattage of all other luminaires and lighting, sources not covered above and associated with interior lighting verified by data supplied by the manufacturer or other approved sources.
The connected power associated with the following lighting equipment is not included in calculating total connected lighting power.
1. Television broadcast lighting for playing areas in sports arenas.
2. Emergency lighting automatically off during normal building operation.
3. Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with special lighting needs including those with visual impairment and other medical and age-related issues.
4. Casino gaming areas.
5. General area lighting power in industrial and manufacturing occupancies dedicated to the inspection or quality control of goods and products.
6. Mirror lighting in dressing rooms.
7. Task lighting for medical and dental purposes that is in addition to general lighting and controlled by an independent control device.
8. Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums and monuments that is in addition to general lighting and controlled by an independent control device.
9. Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film production and video production.
10. Lighting for photographic processes.
11. Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by the manufacturer.
12. Task lighting for plant growth or maintenance where the lamp efficacy is not less than 90 lumens per watt.
13. Advertising signage or directional signage.
14. Lighting for food warming.
15. Lighting equipment that is for sale.
16. Lighting demonstration equipment in lighting education facilities.
17. Lighting approved because of safety considerations.
18. Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions.
19. Furniture mounted supplemental task lighting that is controlled by automatic shutoff.
20. Exit signs.
21. Lighting used for aircraft painting.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-405054Table C405.4.2(2)Interior lighting power allowancesSpace-by-space method.
Table C405.4.2(2)
Interior Lighting Power AllowancesSpace-by-Space Method
Common Space-by-Space Typesa
LPD (w/ft2)
Atrium - Less than 20 feet in height
0.39
Atrium - 20 to 40 feet in height
0.48
Atrium - Above 40 feet in height
0.60
Audience/seating area - Permanent
 
 
In an auditorium
0.61
 
In a gymnasium
0.23
 
In a motion picture theater
0.27
 
In a penitentiary
0.67
 
In a performing arts theater
1.16
 
In a religious building
0.72
 
In a sports arena
0.33
 
Otherwise
0.23
Banking activity arean
0.61
Breakroom (see lounge/breakroom)
 
Classroom/lecture hall/training room
 
 
In a penitentiary
0.89
 
Otherwise
0.71m
Computer room, data center
0.94
Conference/meeting/multipurpose
0.97
Confinement cell
0.70
Copy/print room
0.31
Corridor
 
 
In a facility for the visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff)b
0.71
 
In a hospital
0.71
 
In a manufacturing facility
0.41
 
Otherwisec
0.41
Courtroomc
1.20
Dining area
 
 
In a penitentiary
0.42
 
In a facility for the visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff)b
1.27
 
In a bar/lounge or leisure diningn
0.86
 
In cafeteria or fast food dining
0.40
 
In a family dining arean
0.60
 
Otherwise
0.43
Electrical/mechanical
0.43
Emergency vehicle garage
0.52
Food preparation
1.09
Guest rooma,b
0.41
Laboratory
 
 
In or as a classroom
1.11
 
Otherwise
1.33
Laundry/washing area
0.53
Loading dock, interior
0.88
Lobbyc
 
 
In a facility for the visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff)b
1.69
 
For an elevator
0.65
 
In a hotel
0.51
 
In a motion picture theater
0.23
 
In a performing arts theater
1.25
 
Otherwise
0.84
Locker room
0.52
Lounge/breakroomn
 
 
In a health care facilityn
0.42
 
Otherwisen
0.59
Office
 
 
Enclosed ≤ 250
0.74
 
Enclosed ˃ 250
0.66
 
Open plan
0.61
Parking area, interior
0.15
Pharmacy area
1.66
Restroom
 
 
In a facility for the visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff)b
1.26
 
Otherwisen
0.63
Sales area
1.05
Seating area, general
0.23
Stairway (see space containing stairway)
 
Stairwelln
0.49
Storage room
 
 
< 50 ft2
0.51
 
50-100 ft2
0.38
 
All other storage
0.38
Vehicular maintenance
0.60
Workshop
1.26
Building Specific Space-by-Space Typesa
LPD (w/ft2)
Automotive (see vehicular maintenance)
 
Convention center - Exhibit space
0.61
Dormitory living quartersa,b
0.50
Facility for the visually impairedb
 
 
In a chapel (and not used primarily by the staff)b
0.70
 
In a recreation room (and not used primarily by the staff)b
1.77
Fire stationsg
 
 
Sleeping quarters
0.23
Gymnasium/fitness center
 
 
In an exercise area
0.90
 
In a playing area
0.85
Health care facility
 
 
In an exam/treatment room
1.40
 
In an imaging room
0.94
 
In a medical supply room
0.62
 
In a nursery
0.92
 
In a nurse's station
1.17
 
In an operating room
2.26
 
In a patient roomg
0.68
 
In a physical therapy room
0.91
 
In a recovery room
1.25
Library
 
 
In a reading arean
0.31
 
In the stacks
1.10
Manufacturing facility
 
 
In a detailed manufacturing area
0.80
 
In an equipment room
0.76
 
In an extra high bay area (greater than 50-foot floor-to-ceiling height)
1.42
 
In a high bay area (25 - 50-foot floor-to-ceiling height)
1.24
 
In a low bay (< 25-foot floor-to-ceiling height)
0.86
Museum
 
 
In a general exhibition area
0.31
 
In a restoration room
1.10
Performing arts theater dressing/fitting room
0.41
Post office - Sorting area
0.76
Religious buildings
 
 
In a fellowship halln
0.54
 
In a worship/pulpit/choir arean
0.85
Retail facilities
 
 
In a dressing/fitting room
0.51
 
In a mall concourse
0.82
Sports arena - Playing area
 
 
For a Class 1 facilityi
2.94
 
For a Class 2 facilityj
2.01
 
For a Class 3 facilityk
1.30
 
For a Class 4 facilityl
0.86
Transportation
 
 
In a baggage/carousel area
0.39
 
In an airport concourse
0.25
 
At a terminal ticket countern
0.51
Warehouse - Storage area
 
 
For medium to bulky palletized items
0.33
 
For smaller, hand-carried items
0.69
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 watt per square foot = 11 W/m2.
a
In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply.
b
A facility for the visually impaired is a facility that is licensed or will be licensed by local or state authorities for senior long-term care, adult daycare, senior support or people with special visual needs.
c
For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed in addition to, and controlled separately from, the general lighting for the purpose of highlighting art or exhibits, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 0.5 W/ft2of such spaces.
d
Reserved.
e
Reserved.
f
Reserved.
g
Where sleeping units are excluded from lighting power calculations by application of Section R404.1, neither the area of the sleeping units nor the wattage of lighting in the sleeping units is counted.
h
Where dwelling units are excluded from lighting power calculations by application of Section R404.1, neither the area of the dwelling units nor the wattage of lighting in the dwelling units is counted.
i
Class I facilities consist of professional facilities; and semiprofessional, collegiate or club facilities with seating for 5,000 or more spectators.
j
Class II facilities consist of collegiate and semiprofessional facilities with seating for fewer than 5,000 spectators; club facilities with seating between 2,000 and 5,000 spectators; and amateur league and high school facilities with seating for more than 2,000 spectators.
k
Class III facilities consist of club, amateur league and high school facilities with seating for 2,000 or fewer spectators.
l
Class IV facilities consist of elementary school and recreational facilities; and amateur league and high school facilities without provisions for spectators.
m
For classrooms, additional lighting power allowance of 4.50 W/lineal foot of white or chalk boards for directional lighting dedicated to white or chalk boards.
n
Additional lighting power allowance of 0.30 W/ft2 for ornamental lighting. Qualifying ornamental lighting includes luminaires such as chandeliers, sconces, lanterns, neon and cold cathode, light emitting diodes, theatrical projectors, moving lights and light color panels when any of those lights are used in a decorative manner that does not serve as display lighting or general lighting.
((o
For scientific laboratories, additional lighting power allowance of 0.35 W/ft2 for specialized task work - lighting that provides for small-scale, cognitive or fast performance visual tasks, lighting required for operating specialized equipment associated with pharmaceutical/laboratorial activities.
p
For offices, additional lighting power allowance of 0.20 W/ft2 for portable lighting, which includes under shelf or furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting qualifies when controlled by a time clock or an occupancy sensor.))
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-405064Table C405.5.3(2)Individual lighting power allowances for building exteriors.
Table C405.5.3(2)
Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors
 
Lighting Zones
 
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Base Site Allowance
350 W
400 W
500 W
900 W
Uncovered Parking Areas
Parking areas and drives
0.03 W/ft2
0.04 W/ft2
0.06 W/ft2
0.08 W/ft2
Building Grounds
Walkways and ramps less than 10 feet wide
0.5 W/linear foot
0.5 W/linear foot
0.6 W/linear foot
0.7 W/linear foot
Walkways and ramps 10 feet wide or greater, plaza areas, special feature areas
0.10 W/ft2
0.10 W/ft2
0.11 W/ft2
0.14 W/ft2
Dining areas
0.65 W/ft2
0.65 W/ft2
0.75 W/ft2
0.95 W/ft2
Stairways
0.6 W/ft2
0.7 W/ft2
0.7 W/ft2
0.7 W/ft2
Pedestrian tunnels
0.12 W/ft2
0.12 W/ft2
0.14 W/ft2
0.21 W/ft2
Landscaping
0.03 W/ft2
0.04 W/ft2
0.04 W/ft2
0.04 W/ft2
Building Entrances and Exits
Pedestrian and vehicular entrances and exits
14 W/linear foot of opening
14 W/linear foot of opening
21 W/linear foot of opening
21 W/linear foot of opening
Entry canopies
0.2 W/ft2
0.25 W/ft2
0.4 W/ft2
0.4 W/ft2
Loading docks
0.35 W/ft2
0.35 W/ft2
0.35 W/ft2
0.35 W/ft2
Sales Canopies
Free standing and attached
0.4 W/ft2
0.4 W/ft2
0.6 W/ft2
0.7 W/ft2
Outdoor Sales
Open areas (including vehicle sales lots)
0.2 W/ft2
0.2 W/ft2
0.35 W/ft2
0.5 W/ft2
Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in addition to "open area" allowance
No Allowance
7 W/linear foot
7 W/linear foot
21 W/linear foot
For SI:
1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 watt per square foot = W/0.0929 m2
Table C405.5.3(3)
Individual Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors
 
Lighting Zones
 
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Building facades
No allowance
0.075 W/ft2
of gross above-grade wall area
0.113 W/ft2 of gross above-grade wall area
0.150 W/ft2 of gross above-grade wall area
Automated teller machines and night depositories
135W per location plus 45W per additional ATM per location
Uncovered entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities
0.5 W/ft2
Uncovered loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other emergency service vehicles
0.35 W/ft2
Drive-up windows/doors
200 W per drive-through
Parking near 24-hour retail entrances
400 W per main entry
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40508Section C405.8Electric motors.
C405.8 Electric motor efficiency. All electric motors, fractional or otherwise, shall meet the minimum efficiency requirements of Tables C405.8(1) through C405.8(4) when tested and rated in accordance with DOE 10 C.F.R. 431. The efficiency shall be verified through certification under an approved certification program or, where no certification program exists, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the motor manufacturer.
EXCEPTION:
The standards in this section shall not apply to the following exempt electric motors.
 
1. Air-over electric motors.
 
2. Components sets of an electric motor.
 
3. Liquid-cooled electric motors.
 
4. Submersible electric motors.
 
5. Inverter-only electric motors.
Fractional hp fan motors that are 1/12 hp or greater and less than 1 hp (based on output power) which are not covered by Tables C405.8(3) and C405.8(4) shall be electronically commutated motors or shall have a minimum motor efficiency of 70 percent when rated in accordance with DOE 10 C.F.R. 431. These motors shall also have the means to adjust motor speed for either balancing or remote control. Belt-driven fans may use sheave adjustments for airflow balancing in lieu of a varying motor speed.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Motors that are an integral part of specialized process equipment.
 
2. Where the motor is integral to a listed piece of equipment for which no complying motor has been approved.
 
3. Motors used as a component of the equipment meeting the minimum efficiency requirements of Section ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2 and Tables ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1) through ((C403.2.3(10)))C403.3.2(12) provided that the motor input is included when determining the equipment efficiency.
 
4. Motors in the airstream within fan-coils and terminal units that operate only when providing heating to the space served.
 
5. Fan motors that are not covered by Tables C405.8(1) through C405.8(4) and are used to power heat recovery ventilators, energy recovery ventilators, or local exhaust fans in Group R subject to the efficacy requirements of Section C403.8.4.
 
6. Domestic clothes dryer booster fans, range hood exhaust fans, and domestic range booster fans that operate intermittently.
 
7. Radon and contaminated soil exhaust fans.
 
8. Group R heat recovery ventilator and energy recovery ventilator fans that are less than 400 cfm.
Table C405.8(1)
Minimum Nominal Full-load Efficiency for NEMA Design A, NEMA Design B and IEC Design N Motors (Excluding Fire Pump) Electric Motors at 60 Hza,b
Motor horsepower (Standard kilowatt equivalent)
Nominal full-load efficiency (%) as of June 1, 2016
2 pole
4 pole
6 pole
8 pole
Enclosed
Open
Enclosed
Open
Enclosed
Open
Enclosed
Open
1 (0.75)
77.0
77.0
85.5
85.5
82.5
82.5
75.5
75.5
1.5 (1.1)
84.0
84.0
86.5
86.5
87.5
86.5
78.5
77.5
2 (1.5)
85.5
85.5
86.5
86.5
88.5
87.5
84.0
86.5
3 (2.2)
86.5
85.5
89.5
89.5
89.5
88.5
85.5
87.5
5 (3.7)
88.5
86.5
89.5
89.5
89.5
89.5
86.5
88.5
7.5 (5.5)
89.5
88.5
91.7
91.0
91.0
90.2
86.5
89.5
10 (7.5)
90.2
89.5
91.7
91.7
91.0
91.7
89.5
90.2
15 (11)
91.0
90.2
92.4
93.0
91.7
91.7
89.5
90.2
20 (15)
91.0
91.0
93.0
93.0
91.7
92.4
90.2
91.0
25 (18.5)
91.7
91.7
93.6
93.6
93.0
93.0
90.2
91.0
30 (22)
91.7
91.7
93.6
94.1
93.0
93.6
91.7
91.7
40 (30)
92.4
92.4
94.1
94.1
94.1
94.1
91.7
91.7
50 (37)
93.0
93.0
94.5
94.5
94.1
94.1
92.4
92.4
60 (45)
93.6
93.6
95.0
95.0
94.5
94.5
92.4
93.0
75 (55)
93.6
93.6
95.4
95.0
94.5
94.5
93.6
94.1
100 (75)
94.1
93.6
95.4
95.4
95.0
95.0
93.6
94.1
125 (90)
95.0
94.1
95.4
95.4
95.0
95.0
94.1
94.1
150 (110)
95.0
94.1
95.8
95.8
95.8
95.4
94.1
94.1
200 (150)
95.4
95.0
96.2
95.8
95.8
95.4
94.5
94.1
250 (186)
95.8
95.0
96.2
95.8
95.8
95.8
95.0
95.0
300 (224)
95.8
95.4
96.2
95.8
95.8
95.8
 
350 (261)
95.8
95.4
96.2
95.8
95.8
95.8
400 (298)
95.8
95.8
96.2
95.8
 
450 (336)
95.8
96.2
96.2
96.2
500 (373)
95.8
96.2
96.2
96.2
a
Nominal efficiencies shall be established in accordance with DOE 10 C.F.R. 431.
b
For purposes of determining the required minimum nominal full-load efficiency of an electric motor that has a horsepower or kilowatt rating between two horsepower or two kilowatt ratings listed in this table, each such motor shall be deemed to have a listed horsepower or kilowatt rating, determined as follows:
 
1. A horsepower at or above the midpoint between the two consecutive horsepowers shall be rounded up to the higher of the two horsepowers.
 
2. A horsepower below the midpoint between the two consecutive horsepowers shall be rounded down to the lower of the two horsepowers.
 
3. A kilowatt rating shall be directly converted from kilowatts to horsepower using the formula 1 kW = (1/0.746) horsepower. The conversion should be calculated to three significant decimal places, and the resulting horsepower shall be rounded in accordance with 1 or 2, whichever applies.
Table C405.8(2)
Minimum Nominal Full-load Efficiency for NEMA Design C and IEC Design H Motors at 60 Hza,b
Motor horsepower
(Standard kilowatt equivalent)
Nominal full-load efficiency (%) as of June 1, 2016
4 pole
6 pole
8 pole
Enclosed
Open
Enclosed
Open
Enclosed
Open
1 (0.75)
85.5
85.5
82.5
82.5
75.5
75.5
1.5 (1.1)
86.5
86.5
87.5
86.5
78.5
77.5
2 (1.5)
86.5
86.5
88.5
87.5
84.0
86.5
3 (2.2)
89.5
89.5
89.5
88.5
85.5
87.5
5 (3.7)
89.5
89.5
89.5
89.5
86.5
88.5
7.5 (5.5)
91.7
91.0
91.0
90.2
86.5
89.5
10 (7.5)
91.7
91.7
91.0
91.7
89.5
90.2
15 (11)
92.4
93.0
91.7
91.7
89.5
90.2
20 (15)
93.0
93.0
91.7
92.4
90.2
91.0
25 (18.5)
93.6
93.6
93.0
93.0
90.2
91.0
30 (22)
93.6
94.1
93.0
93.6
91.7
91.7
40 (30)
94.1
94.1
94.1
94.1
91.7
91.7
50 (37)
94.5
94.5
94.1
94.1
92.4
92.4
60 (45)
95.0
95.0
94.5
94.5
92.4
93.0
75 (55)
95.4
95.0
94.5
94.5
93.6
94.1
100 (75)
95.4
95.4
95.0
95.0
93.6
94.1
125 (90)
95.4
95.4
95.0
95.0
94.1
94.1
150 (110)
95.8
95.8
95.8
95.4
94.1
94.1
200 (150)
96.2
95.8
95.8
95.4
94.5
94.1
NR - No requirement.
a
Nominal efficiencies shall be established in accordance with DOE 10 C.F.R. 431.
b
For purposes of determining the required minimum nominal full-load efficiency of an electric motor that has a horsepower or kilowatt rating between two horsepower or two kilowatt ratings listed in this table, each such motor shall be deemed to have a listed horsepower or kilowatt rating, determined as follows:
 
1. A horsepower at or above the midpoint between the two consecutive horsepowers shall be rounded up to the higher of the two horsepowers.
 
2. A horsepower below the midpoint between the two consecutive horsepowers shall be rounded down to the lower of the two horsepowers.
 
3. A kilowatt rating shall be directly converted from kilowatts to horsepower using the formula 1 kW = (1/0.746) horsepower. The conversion should be calculated to three significant decimal places, and the resulting horsepower shall be rounded in accordance with 1 or 2, whichever applies.
Table C405.8(3)
Minimum Average Full Load Efficiency for Polyphase Small Electric Motorsa
OPEN MOTORS
NUMBER OF POLES ==˃
2
4
6
SYNCHRONOUS SPEED (RPM) ==˃
3600
1800
1200
MOTOR HORSEPOWER ▼
0.25
65.6
69.5
67.5
0.33
69.5
73.4
71.4
0.50
73.4
78.2
75.3
0.75
76.8
81.1
81.7
1
77.0
83.5
82.5
1.5
84.0
86.5
83.8
2
85.5
86.5
N/A
3
85.5
86.9
N/A
a Average full load efficiencies shall be established in accordance with 10 C.F.R. 431.
Table C405.8(4)
Minimum Average Full Load Efficiency For Capacitor-start Capacitor-run and Capacitor-start Induction-run Small Electric Motorsa
OPEN MOTORS
NUMBER OF POLES ==˃
2
4
6
SYNCHRONOUS SPEED (RPM) ==˃
3600
1800
1200
MOTOR HORSEPOWER ▼
0.25
66.6
68.5
62.2
0.33
70.5
72.4
66.6
0.50
72.4
76.2
76.2
0.75
76.2
81.8
80.2
1
80.4
82.6
81.1
1.5
81.5
83.8
N/A
2
82.9
84.5
N/A
3
84.1
N/A
N/A
a Average full load efficiencies shall be established in accordance with 10 C.F.R. 431.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40511Section C405.11Voltage drop in feeders and branch circuits.
C405.11 Voltage drop in feeders and branch circuits. The total voltage drop across the combination of feeders and branch circuits shall not exceed five percent.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40600Section C406Efficiency packages.
C406.1 Additional energy efficiency credit requirements. New buildings and changes in space conditioning, change of occupancy and building additions in accordance with Chapter 5 shall comply with sufficient packages from Table C406.1 so as to achieve a minimum number of 6 credits. Each area shall be permitted to apply for different packages provided all areas in the building comply with the requirements for 6 credits. Areas included in the same permit within mixed use buildings shall be permitted to demonstrate compliance by an area weighted average number of credits by building occupancy achieving a minimum number of 6 credits.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Low energy spaces in accordance with Section C402.1.1.1 and equipment buildings in accordance with Section C402.1.2 shall comply with sufficient packages from Table C406.1 to achieve a minimum number of 3 credits.
 
2. Building additions that have less than 1,000 square feet of conditioned floor area shall comply with sufficient packages from Table C406.1 to achieve a minimum number of 3 credits.
Table C406.1
Efficiency Package Credits
Code Section
Commercial Building Occupancy
Group R-1
Group R-2
Group B
Group E
Group M
All Other
Additional Efficiency Credits
1. More efficient HVAC performance in accordance with Section C406.2
2.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2. Reduced lighting power: Option 1 in accordance with Section C406.3.1
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
3. Reduced lighting power: Option 2 in accordance with Section C406.3.2a
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
4. Enhanced lighting controls in accordance with Section C406.4
NA
NA
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
5. On-site supply of renewable energy in accordance with C406.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
6. Dedicated outdoor air system in accordance with Section C406.6b
4.0
4.0
4.0
NA
NA
4.0
7. High performance dedicated outdoor air system in accordance with Section C406.7
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
8. High-efficiency service water heating in accordance with Sections C406.8.1 and C406.8.2
4.0
5.0
NA
NA
NA
8.0
9. High performance service water heating in multi-family buildings in accordance with Section C406.9
7.0
8.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
10. Enhanced envelope performance in accordance with Section C406.10c
3.0
6.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
11. Reduced air infiltration in accordance with Section C406.11c
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
12. Enhanced commercial kitchen equipment in accordance with Section C406.12
5.0
NA
NA
NA
5.0
5.0 (Group A-2 only)
a
Projects using this option may not use Item 2.
b
This option is not available to buildings subject to the prescriptive requirements of Section C403.3.5.
c
Buildings or building areas that are exempt from the thermal envelope requirements in accordance with Sections C402.1.1 and C402.1.2, do not qualify for this package.
C406.1.1 Tenant spaces. Initial tenant improvement shall comply with sufficient packages from Table C406.1 ((so as)) to achieve a minimum number of six credits. In buildings with multiple tenant spaces, each tenant space is permitted to apply for different packages provided all areas in the building comply with the requirement for six credits.
C406.1.1.1 Applicable envelope and on-site renewable energy credits. Where an entire building or building addition complies with Section C406.5, C406.10 or C406.11, under an initial tenant improvement permit, tenant spaces within the building qualify for the number of credits assigned to the occupancy type of the tenant space in accordance with Table C406.1.
C406.1.1.2 Applicable HVAC and service water heating credits. Where HVAC and service water heating systems and services are installed and comply with Section C406.2 or C406.8 under an initial tenant improvement permit, those systems and services shall be considered a part of the tenant space. Tenant spaces qualify for the credits assigned to the occupancy type of the tenant space in accordance with Table C406.1 if the tenant space includes the distribution system and equipment that the central HVAC systems or service water heating systems were designed to support.
EXCEPTION:
Previously occupied tenant spaces in existing buildings that comply with this code in accordance with Section C501.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40602Section C406.2HVAC option.
C406.2 More efficient HVAC equipment and fan performance. No less than 90 percent of the total HVAC capacity serving the total conditioned floor area of the entire building, building addition or tenant space in accordance with Section C406.1.1 shall comply with Sections C406.2.1 through C406.2.3. For systems required to comply with Section C403.1.1, HVAC total system performance ratio, exceed the minimum requirement by 10 percent.
EXCEPTION:
In low energy spaces complying with Section C402.1.1 and semi-heated spaces complying with Section C402.1.1.2, no less than 90 percent of the installed heating capacity is provided by electric infrared or gas-fired radiant heating equipment for localized heating applications. Stand-alone supply, return and exhaust fans shall comply with Section C406.2.3.
C406.2.1 HVAC system selection. Equipment installed shall be types that are listed in Tables ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1) through ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(12) or a combination thereof. Electric resistance heating does not meet this requirement.
EXCEPTION:
Allowed equipment not listed in Tables ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1) through ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(12):
 
1. Air-to-water heat pumps.
 
2. Heat recovery chillers.
C406.2.2 Minimum equipment efficiency. Equipment shall exceed the minimum efficiency requirements listed in Tables ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1) through ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(12) by 15 percent, in addition to the requirements of Section C403. Where multiple performance requirements are provided, the equipment shall exceed all requirements by 15 percent.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Equipment that is larger than the maximum capacity range indicated in Tables ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1) through ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(12) shall utilize the values listed for the largest capacity equipment for the associated equipment type shown in the table.
 
2. Equipment that complies with the exception to Section C406.2.1 is not required to comply with the minimum equipment efficiency requirement.
 
3. Compliance may be demonstrated by calculating a total weighted average percentage for all heating and cooling equipment combined. All equipment shall have efficiency that is no less than 5 percent better than the minimum required efficiency in Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1) through ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(12), and the resulting weighted average percentage for all equipment performance requirements shall exceed 15 percent. Calculation shall include heating and cooling capacities for all equipment, percentage better or worse than minimum required efficiency per Tables ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(1) through ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(12) for each performance requirement (SEER, EER/IEER, COP, HSPF, Et, Ec, and AFUE), and the total weighted average efficiency percentage.
 
4. Hot water boilers with input capacity greater than 2,500,000 Btu/h shall be considered to comply with this section with a minimum thermal efficiency of 95 percent Et in accordance with the test procedure in 10 C.F.R. Part 431.
C406.2.3 Minimum fan efficiency. Stand-alone supply, return and exhaust fans designed for operating with motors over 750 watts (1 hp) shall have a fan efficiency grade of not less than FEG 71 as defined in AMCA 205. The total efficiency of the fan at the design point of operation shall be within 10 percentage points of either the maximum total efficiency of the fan or the static efficiency of the fan.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40603Section C406.3LPA option.
C406.3 Reduced lighting power. Interior lighting within the whole building, building addition or tenant space shall comply with Section C406.3.1 or Section C406.3.2. Dwelling units and sleeping units within the building shall comply with Section C406.3.3.
C406.3.1 Reduced lighting power Option 1. The total connected interior lighting power calculated in accordance with Section C405.4.1 shall be 90 percent or less of the lighting power values specified in Table C405.4.2(1) times the floor area for the building types, or 90 percent or less of the total interior lighting power allowance calculated in accordance with Section C405.4.2.
C406.3.2Reduced lighting power Option 2. The total connected interior lighting power calculated in accordance with Section C405.4.1 shall be 80 percent or less of the lighting power values specified in Table C405.4.2(1) times the floor area of the building types, or 80 percent or less of the total interior lighting power allowance calculated in accordance with Section C405.4.2.
C406.3.3 Lamp fraction. No less than 95 percent of the permanently installed light fixtures in dwelling units and sleeping units shall be provided by lamps with a minimum efficacy of 65 lumens per watt.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40606Section C406.6DOAS option.
C406.6 Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS).((Not))No less than 90 percent of the total conditioned floor area of the whole building, building addition or tenant space, excluding floor area of unoccupied spaces that do not require ventilation per the International Mechanical Code, shall be served by DOAS installed in accordance with Section C403.3.5. This option is not available to buildings subject to the prescriptive requirements of Section C403.3.5.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40702Section C407.2Mandatory requirements.
C407.2 Mandatory requirements. Compliance with this section requires compliance with those sections shown in Table C407.2.
The building permit application for projects utilizing this method shall include in one submittal all building and mechanical drawings and all information necessary to verify that the building envelope and mechanical design for the project corresponds with the annual energy analysis. If credit is proposed to be taken for lighting energy savings, then an electrical permit application shall also be submitted and approved prior to the issuance of the building permit. If credit is proposed to be taken for energy savings from other components, then the corresponding permit application (e.g., plumbing, boiler, etc.) shall also be submitted and approved prior to the building permit application. Otherwise, components of the project that would not be approved as part of a building permit application shall be modeled the same in both the proposed building and the standard reference design and shall comply with the requirements of this code.
Table C407.2
Mandatory Compliance Measures for Total Building Performance Method
Section
Title
Comments
Envelope
C402.5
Air leakage
 
Mechanical
C403.1.2
Calculation of heating and cooling loads
 
C403.1.3
Data centers
 
C403.2
System design
 
C403.3.1
Equipment and system sizing
 
C403.3.2
HVAC equipment performance requirements
 
C403.3.6
Ventilation for Group R occupancy
 
C403.4
HVAC system controls
 
C403.4.1
Thermostatic controls
Except for C403.4.1.4
C403.4.2
Off-hour controls
Except for Group R
C403.4.7
Combustion heating equipment controls
 
C403.4.8
Group R-1 hotel/motel guestrooms
See Section ((C403.7.6))C403.7.4
C403.4.9
Group R-2 and R-3 dwelling units
 
C403.4.10
Group R-2 sleeping units
 
C403.4.11
Direct digital control systems
 
C403.5.5
Economizer fault detection and diagnostics (FDD)
 
C403.7
Ventilation and exhaust systems
Except for C403.7.6
C403.8
Fan and fan controls
 
C403.9.1.1
Variable flow controls
For cooling tower fans ≥ 7.5 hp
C403.9.1.2
Limitation on centrifugal fan cooling towers
For open cooling towers
C403.10
Construction of HVAC elements
 
C403.11
Mechanical systems located outside of the building thermal envelope
 
Service Water Heating
C404
Service water heating
 
Lighting and Electrical
C405.1
General
 
C405.2
Lighting controls
 
C405.3
Exit signs
 
C405.4
Interior lighting power
 
C405.5
Exterior building lighting power
 
C405.6
Electrical transformers
 
C405.7
Dwelling unit energy consumption
 
C405.8
Electric motor efficiency
 
C405.9
Vertical and horizontal transportation
 
C405.10
Controlled receptacles
 
C405.11
Voltage drop in feeders
 
Other Requirements
C407
Total building performance
 
C408
System commissioning
 
C409
Energy metering
 
C410
Refrigeration requirements
 
C411
Solar readiness
 
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40801Section C408.1General.
C408.1 General. A building commissioning process led by a certified commissioning professional and functional testing requirements shall be completed for mechanical systems in Section C403; service water heating systems in Section C404; controlled receptacle and lighting control systems in Section C405; equipment, appliances and systems installed to comply with Sections C406 or C407; energy metering in Section C409; and refrigeration systems in Section C410.
EXCEPTION:
Buildings, or portions thereof, which are exempt from Sections C408.2 through C408.7 may be excluded from the commissioning process.
 
1. Mechanical systems are exempt from the commissioning process where the ((building's))installed total mechanical equipment capacity is less than 240,000 Btu/h cooling capacity and less than 300,000 Btu/h heating capacity.
 
2. Service water heating systems are exempt from the commissioning process in buildings where the largest service water heating system capacity is less than 200,000 Btu/h and where there are no pools or permanent spas.
 
3. Lighting control systems are exempt from the commissioning process in buildings where both the total installed lighting load is less than 20 kW and the lighting load controlled by occupancy sensors or automatic daylighting controls is less than 10 kW.
 
4. Refrigeration systems are exempt from the commissioning process in buildings if they are limited to self-contained units.
C408.1.1 Commissioning in construction documents. Construction documents shall clearly indicate provisions for commissioning process. The construction documents shall minimally include the following:
1. A narrative description of the activities that will be accomplished during the commissioning process. At a minimum, the commissioning process is required to include:
1.1. Development and execution of the commissioning plan, including all subsections of Section C408.1.2;
1.2. The certified commissioning professional's review of the building documentation and close out submittals in accordance with Section C103.6; and
1.3. The commissioning report in accordance with Section C408.1.3.
2. Roles, responsibilities, and required qualifications of the certified commissioning professional.
3. A listing of the specific equipment, appliances, or systems to be tested.
C408.1.2 Commissioning plan. A commissioning plan shall be developed by the project's certified commissioning professional and shall outline the organization, schedule, allocation of resources, and documentation requirements of the commissioning process.
1. A narrative description of the activities that will be accomplished during each phase of commissioning, including the personnel intended to accomplish each of the activities, systems testing and balancing, functional performance testing, and verification of the building documentation requirements in Section C103.6.
2. Roles and responsibilities of the commissioning team, including the name and statement of qualifications of the certifiedcommissioning professional.
3. A listing of the specific equipment, appliances or systems to be tested and a description of the tests to be performed.
C408.1.2.1 In-house commissioning disclosure and conflict management plan. Where the certified commissioning professional's contract or employment is other than directly with the building owner, an in-house commissioning disclosure and conflict management plan shall be a part of the commissioning process. A copy shall be included in the commissioning plan. This plan shall disclose the certified commissioning professional's contractual relationship with other team members and provide a conflict management plan demonstrating that the certified commissioning professional is free to identify any issues discovered and report directly to the owner.
C408.1.2.2 Functional performance testing. Functional performance testing shall be conducted for mechanical systems in Sections C403; service water heating systems in Section C404; controlled receptacles and lighting control systems in Section C405; equipment, appliances, systems installed to comply with Section C406 or C407; energy metering in Section C409; and refrigeration systems in Section C410. Written procedures which clearly describe the individual systematic test procedures, the expected system response or acceptance criteria for each procedure, the actual response or findings, and any pertinent discussion shall be followed. This testing shall include control systems which will be tested to document that control devices, components, equipment, and systems are calibrated and adjusted to operate in accordance with approved construction documents. Testing shall affirm the conditions required within Sections C408.2 through C408.7 under system testing.
C408.1.2.3 Functional performance testing - Sampling. For projects with 7 or fewer similar systems, each system shall be tested. For projects with more than 7 systems, testing shall be done for each unique combination of control types. Where multiples of each unique combination of control types exist, no fewer than 20 percent of each combination shall be tested unless the code official or design professional requires a higher percentage to be tested. Where 30 percent or more of the tested system fail, all remaining identical combinations shall be tested.
C408.1.2.4 Deficiencies. Deficiencies found during testing shall be resolved including corrections and retesting.
C408.1.3 Commissioning report. A commissioning report shall be completed and certified by the certified commissioning professional and delivered to the building owner or owner's authorized agent. The report shall be organized with mechanical, service water heating, controlled receptacle and lighting control systems, energy metering, and refrigeration findings in separate sections to allow independent review. The report shall record the activities and results of the commissioning process and be developed from the final commissioning plan with all of its attached appendices. The report shall include:
1. Results of functional performance tests.
2. Disposition of deficiencies found during testing, including details of corrective measures used or proposed.
3. Functional performance test procedures used during the commissioning process including measurable criteria for test acceptance, provided herein for repeatability.
4. Commissioning plan.
5. Testing, adjusting and balancing report.
EXCEPTION:
Deferred tests which cannot be performed at the time of report preparation due to climatic conditions.
C408.1.4. Commissioning process completion requirements. Prior to the final mechanical, plumbing and electrical inspections or obtaining a certificate of occupancy, the certified commissioning professional shall provide evidence of building commissioning in accordance with the provisions of this section.
C408.1.4.1 Commissioning compliance. Buildings, or portions thereof, shall not be considered acceptable for a final inspection pursuant to Section C104.2.6 until the code official has received a letter of transmittal from the building owner acknowledging that the building owner or owner's authorized agent has received the Commissioning Report. Completion of Commissioning Compliance Checklist (Figure C408.1.4.1) is deemed to satisfy this requirement. Phased acceptance of ((the)) Commissioning Compliance Checklist for portions of the work specific to the trade that is being inspected is permissible where accepted by the code official and where the certified commissioning professional remains responsible for completion of the commissioning process. If there are unresolved deficiencies when the final inspection is scheduled, the Commissioning Report shall be submitted and shall describe the unresolved deficiencies.
C408.1.4.2 Copy of report. The code official shall be permitted to require that a copy of the ((Preliminary)) Commissioning Report be made available for review by the code official.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40802Section C408.2Mechanical systems commissioning.
C408.2 Mechanical ((and refrigeration)) systems commissioning. Mechanical ((and refrigeration)) equipment and controls subject to Section((s)) C403 ((and C410)) shall be included in the commissioning process required by Section C408.1. The commissioning process shall minimally include all energy code requirements for which the code states that equipment or controls shall "be capable of" or "configured to" perform specific functions.
EXCEPTION:
Mechanical systems are exempt from the commissioning process where the installed total mechanical equipment capacity is less than 240,000 Btu/h cooling capacity and less than 300,000 Btu/h heating capacity.
C408.2.1 Reserved.
C408.2.2 Systems adjusting and balancing. HVAC systems shall be balanced in accordance with generally accepted engineering standards. Air and water flow rates shall be measured and adjusted to deliver final flow rates within the tolerances provided in the project specifications. Test and balance activities shall include air system and hydronic system balancing.
C408.2.2.1 Air systems balancing. Each supply air outlet and zone terminal device shall be equipped with means for air balancing in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 6 of the International Mechanical Code. Discharge dampers used for air system balancing are prohibited on constant volume fans and variable volume fans with motors 10 hp (18.6 kW) and larger. Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses then, for fans with system power of greater than 1 hp (0.74 kW), fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions.
EXCEPTION:
Fans with fan motors of 1 hp (0.74 kW) or less.
C408.2.2.2 Hydronic systems balancing. Individual hydronic heating and cooling coils shall be equipped with means for balancing and measuring flow. Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses, then the pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions. Each hydronic system shall have either the capability to measure pressure across the pump, or test ports at each side of each pump.
EXCEPTION:
The following equipment is not required to be equipped with means for balancing or measuring flow:
 
1. Pumps with pump motors of 5 hp (3.7 kW) or less.
 
2. Where throttling results in no greater than five percent of the nameplate horsepower draw above that required if the impeller were trimmed.
C408.2.3 System testing. Functional performance testing shall demonstrate the components, systems, and system-to-system interfacing relationships are installed and operate in accordance with approved construction documents. Testing shall include the sequence of operation, and be conducted under full-load, part-load and the following conditions:
1. All modes as described in the sequence of operation;
2. Redundant or automatic back-up mode;
3. Performance of alarms; and
4. Mode of operation upon a loss of power and restoration of power.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-40904Section C409.4—Measurement devices, data acquisition system and energy display.
C409.4 Measurement devices, data acquisition system and energy display.
C409.4.1 Meters. Meters and other measurement devices required by this section shall have local displays or be configured to automatically communicate energy data to a data acquisition system. Source meters may be any digital-type meters. Current sensors or flow meters are allowed for end use metering, provided that they have an accuracy of +/- 5%. All required metering systems and equipment shall provide at least hourly data that is fully integrated into the data acquisition and display system per the requirements of Section C409.
C409.4.2 Data acquisition system. The data acquisition system shall store the data from the required meters and other sensing devices in a single database for a minimum of 36 months. For each energy supply and end use category required by C409.2 and C409.3, it shall provide real-time energy consumption data and logged data for any hour, day, month or year.
C409.4.3 Energy display. For each building subject to Section C409.2 and C409.3, either a visible display in a location with ready access, or a single web page or other electronic document available for access to building management or to a third-party energy data analysis service shall be provided in the building ((accessible))available for access by building operation and management personnel. The display shall graphically provide the current energy consumption rate for each whole building energy source, plus each end use category, as well as the total and peak values for any day, week, month, and year.
C409.4.4 Commissioning. Energy metering and energy consumption management systems shall be commissioned in accordance with Section C408.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-41000Section C410Refrigeration system requirements.
C410.1 General. Walk-in coolers, walk-in freezers, refrigerated warehouse coolers, refrigerated warehouse freezers, and refrigerated display cases shall comply with this Section.
Refrigerated warehouse coolers and refrigerated warehouse freezers shall comply with Section C402. Section C402.1.5 Component performance alternative, may be used if granted prior approval by the jurisdiction.
C410.1.1 Refrigeration equipment performance. Refrigeration equipment shall have an energy use in kWh/day not greater than the values of Tables C410.1(1) and C410.1(2) when tested and rated in accordance with AHRI Standard 1200. The energy use shall be verified through certification under an approved certification program or, where a certification program does not exist, the energy use shall be supported by data furnished by the equipment manufacturer.
Table C410.1.1(1)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements: Commercial Refrigeration
EQUIPMENT TYPE
APPLICATION
ENERGY USE LIMITS
(kWh per day)a
TEST PROCEDURE
Refrigerator with solid doors
Holding Temperature
0.10 x V + 2.04
AHRI 1200
Refrigerator with transparent doors
0.12 x V + 3.34
Freezers with solid doors
0.40 x V + 1.38
Freezers with transparent doors
0.75 x V + 4.10
Refrigerator/freezers with solid doors
The greater of 0.12 x V + 3.34 or 0.70
Commercial refrigerators
Pulldown
0.126 x V + 3.51
a V = Volume of the chiller for frozen compartment as defined in AHAM-HRF-1.
Table C410.1.1(2)
Minimum Efficiency Requirements: Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers
EQUIPMENT TYPE
ENERGY USE LIMITS
(kWh per day)a,b
TEST PROCEDURE
Equipment Classc
Family Code
Operating Mode
Rating Temperature
VOP.RC.M
Vertical open
Remote condensing
Medium
0.82 x TDA + 4.07
AHRI 1200
SVO.RC.M
Semivertical open
Remote condensing
Medium
0.83 x TDA + 3.18
 
HZO.RC.M
Horizontal open
Remote condensing
Medium
0.35 x TDA + 2.88
 
VOP.RC.L
Vertical open
Remote condensing
Low
2.27 x TDA + 6.85
 
HZO.RC.L
Horizontal open
Remote condensing
Low
0.57 x TDA + 6.88
 
VCT.RC.M
Vertical transparent door
Remote condensing
Medium
0.22 x TDA + 1.95
 
VCT.RC.L
Vertical transparent door
Remote condensing
Low
0.56 x TDA + 2.61
 
SOC.RC.M
Service over counter
Remote condensing
Medium
0.51 x TDA + 0.11
 
VOP.SC.M
Vertical open
Self-contained
Medium
1.74 x TDA + 4.71
 
SVO.SC.M
Semivertical open
Self-contained
Medium
1.73 x TDA + 4.59
 
HZO.SC.M
Horizontal open
Self-contained
Medium
0.77 x TDA + 5.55
 
HZO.SC.L
Horizontal open
Self-contained
Low
1.92 x TDA + 7.08
 
VCT.SC.I
Vertical transparent door
Self-contained
Ice cream
0.67 x TDA + 3.29
 
VCS.SC.I
Vertical solid door
Self-contained
Ice cream
0.38 x V + 0.88
 
HCT.SC.I
Horizontal transparent door
Self-contained
Ice cream
0.56 x TDA + 0.43
 
SVO.RC.L
Semivertical open
Remote condensing
Low
2.27 x TDA + 6.85
 
VOP.RC.I
Vertical open
Remote condensing
Ice cream
2.89 x TDA + 8.7
 
SVO.RC.I
Semivertical open
Remote condensing
Ice cream
2.89 x TDA + 8.7
 
HZO.RC.I
Horizontal open
Remote condensing
Ice cream
0.72 x TDA + 8.74
 
VCT.RC.I
Vertical transparent door
Remote condensing
Ice cream
0.66 x TDA + 3.05
 
HCT.RC.M
Horizontal transparent door
Remote condensing
Medium
0.16 x TDA + 0.13
 
HCT.RC.L
Horizontal transparent door
Remote condensing
Low
0.34 x TDA + 0.26
 
HCT.RC.I
Horizontal transparent door
Remote condensing
Ice cream
0.4 x TDA + 0.31
 
VCS.RC.M
Vertical solid door
Remote condensing
Medium
0.11 x V + 0.26
 
VCS.RC.L
Vertical solid door
Remote condensing
Low
0.23 x V + 0.54
 
VCS.RC.I
Vertical solid door
Remote condensing
Ice cream
0.27 x V + 0.63
 
HCS.RC.M
Horizontal solid door
Remote condensing
Medium
0.11 x V + 0.26
 
HCS.RC.L
Horizontal solid door
Remote condensing
Low
0.23 x V + 0.54
 
HCS.RC.I
Horizontal solid door
Remote condensing
Ice cream
0.27 x V + 0.63
 
SOC.RC.L
Service over counter
Remote condensing
Low
1.08 x TDA + 0.22
 
SOC.RC.I
Service over counter
Remote condensing
Ice cream
1.26 x TDA + 0.26
 
VOP.SC.L
Vertical open
Self-contained
Low
4.37 x TDA + 11.82
 
VOP.SC.I
Vertical open
Self-contained
Ice cream
5.55 x TDA + 15.02
 
SVO.SC.L
Semivertical open
Self-contained
Low
4.34 x TDA + 11.51
 
SVO.SC.I
Semivertical open
Self-contained
Ice cream
5.52 x TDA + 14.63
 
HZO.SC.I
Horizontal open
Self-contained
Ice cream
2.44 x TDA + 9.0
 
SOC.SC.I
Service over counter
Self-contained
Ice cream
1.76 x TDA + 0.36
 
HCS.SC.I
Horizontal solid door
Self-contained
Ice cream
0.38 x V + 0.88
 
a
V = Volume of the case, as measured in accordance with Appendix C of AHRI 1200.
b
TDA = Total display area of the case, as measured in accordance with Appendix D of AHRI 1200.
c
Equipment class designations consist of a combination [(in sequential order separated by periods (AAA).(BB).(C))] of:
 
 
(AAA) An equipment family code where:
 
 
 
VOP
=  Vertical open
 
 
 
SVO
=  Semi-vertical open
 
 
 
HZO
=  Horizontal open
 
 
 
VCT
=  Vertical transparent doors
 
 
 
VCS
=  Vertical solid doors
 
 
 
HCT
=  Horizontal transparent doors
 
 
 
HCS
=  Horizontal solid doors
 
 
 
SOC
=  Service over counter
 
 
(BB) An operating mode code:
 
 
 
RC
=  Remote condensing
 
 
 
SC
=  Self-contained
 
 
(C) A rating temperature code:
 
 
 
M
=  Medium temperature (38°F)
 
 
 
L
=  Low temperature (0°F)
 
 
 
I
=  Ice cream temperature (15°F)
 
 
For example, "VOP.RC.M" refers to the "vertical-open, remote-condensing, medium-temperature" equipment class.
C410.2 Walk-in coolers, walk-in freezers, refrigerated warehouse coolers and refrigerated warehouse freezers.Refrigerated warehouse coolers, refrigerated warehouse freezers, and all walk-in coolers and walk-in freezers including site assembled, site constructed and prefabricated units shall comply with the following:
1. Automatic door-closers shall be provided that fully close walk-in doors that have been closed to within 1 inch (25 mm) of full closure.
EXCEPTION:
Automatic closers are not required for doors more than 45 inches (1143 mm) in width or more than 7 feet (2134 mm) in height.
2. Doorways shall be provided with strip doors, curtains, spring-hinged doors or other method of minimizing infiltration when doors are open.
3. Walk-in coolers and refrigerated warehouse coolers shall be provided with wall, ceiling, and door insulation of not less than R-25 or have wall, ceiling and door assembly U-factors no greater than U-0.039. Walk-in freezers and refrigerated warehouse freezers shall be provided with wall, ceiling and door insulation of not less than R-32 or have wall, ceiling and door assembly U-factors no greater than U-0.030.
EXCEPTION:
Insulation is not required for glazed portions of doors or at structural members associated with the walls, ceiling or door frame.
4. The floor of walk-in coolers shall be provided with floor insulation of not less than R-25 or have a floor assembly U-factor no greater than U-0.40. The floor of walk-in freezers shall be provided with floor insulation of not less than R-28 or have a floor assembly U-factor no greater than U-0.035.
EXCEPTION:
Insulation is not required in the floor of a walk-in cooler that is mounted directly on a slab on grade.
5. Transparent fixed window and reach-in doors for walk-in freezers and windows in walk-in freezer doors shall be provided with triple-pane glass, with the interstitial spaces filled with inert gas or be provided with heat-reflective treated glass.
6. Transparent fixed window and reach-in doors for walk-in coolers and windows for walk-in coolers doors shall be provided with double-pane or triple-pane glass, with interstitial space filled with inert gas, or be provided with heat-reflective treated glass.
7. Evaporator fan motors that are less than 1 hp (0.746 kW) and less than 460 volts shall be provided with electronically commutated motors, brushless direct-current motors, or 3-phase motors.
8. Condenser fan motors that are less than 1 hp (0.746 kW) shall use electronically commutated motors, permanent split capacitor-type motors or 3-phase motors.
9. Antisweat heaters that are not provided with antisweat heater controls shall have a total door rail, glass and frame heater power draw of not greater than 7.1 W/ft2 (76 W/m2) of door opening for walk-in freezers and not greater than 3.0 W/ft2 (32 W/m2) of door opening for walk-in coolers.
10. Where antisweat heater controls are provided, they shall be capable of reducing the energy use of the antisweat heater as a function of the relative humidity in the air outside the door or to the condensation on the inner glass pane.
11. Lights in walk-in coolers, walk-in freezers, refrigerated warehouse coolers and refrigerated warehouse freezers shall either be provided with light sources with an efficacy of not less than 40 lumens per watt, including ballast losses, or shall be provided with a device that automatically turns off the lights within 15 minutes of when the walk-in cooler or walk-in freezer space is not occupied.
C410.2.1Performance standards. Site-assembled and site-constructed walk-in coolers and walk-in freezers shall meet the requirements of Tables C410.2.1.1(1), C410.2.1.1(2), and C410.2.1.1(3).
Table C410.2.1.1(1)
Walk-in Cooler and Freezer Display Doors Efficiency Requirements
Class Description
Class
Maximum Energy Consumption (kWh/day)a
Display door,
medium temperature
DD, M
0.04 x Add + 0.41
Display door,
low temperature
DD, L
0.15 x Add + 0.29
a
Add is the surface area of the display door.
Table C410.2.1.1(2)
Walk-in Cooler and Freezer Nondisplay Doors Efficiency Requirements
Class Description
Class
Maximum Energy Consumption (kWh/day)a
Passage door,
medium temperature
PD, M
0.05 x And + 1.7
Passage door,
low temperature
PD, L
0.14 x And + 4.8
Freight door,
medium temperature
FD, M
0.04 x And + 1.9
Freight door,
low temperature
FD, L
0.12 x And + 5.6
a
And is the surface area of the display door.
Table C410.2.1.1(3)
Walk-in Cooler and Freezer Refrigeration Systems Efficiency Requirements
Class Description
Class
Minimum Annual Walk-in Energy Factor AWEF (Btu/hW-h)
Dedicated condensing, medium temperature, indoor system
DC.M.I
5.61
Dedicated condensing, medium temperature, indoor system, >9,000 Btu/h capacity
DC.M.I, >9,000
5.61
Dedicated condensing, medium temperature, outdoor system
DC.MI
7.60
Dedicated condensing, medium temperature, outdoor system, >9,000 Btu/h capacity
DC.M.I, >9,000
7.60
C410.2.2 Refrigerated display cases. Site-assembled or site-constructed refrigerated display cases shall comply with the following:
1. Lighting and glass doors in refrigerated display cases shall be controlled by one of the following:
1.1. Time switch controls to turn off lights during nonbusiness hours. Timed overrides for display cases shall turn the lights on for up to 1 hour and shall automatically time out to turn the lights off.
1.2. Motion sensor controls on each display case section that reduce lighting power by at least 50 percent within 3 minutes after the area within the sensor range is vacated.
2. Low-temperature display cases shall incorporate temperature-based defrost termination control with a time-limit default. The defrost cycle shall terminate first on an upper temperature limit breach and second upon a time limit breach.
3. Antisweat heater controls shall reduce the energy use of the antisweat heater as a function of the relative humidity in the air outside the door or to the condensation on the inner glass pane.
C410.3 Refrigeration systems. Refrigerated display cases, walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers that are served by remote compressor and remote condensers not located in a condensing unit, shall comply with Sections C410.4.1, C410.4.2, and ((C403.9.7))C403.9.2.3.
EXCEPTION:
Systems where the working fluid in the refrigeration cycle goes through both subcritical and supercritical states (transcritical) or that use ammonia refrigerant are exempt.
C410.3.1 Condensers serving refrigeration systems. Fan-powered condensers shall comply with the following:
1. The design saturated condensing temperatures for air-cooled condensers shall not exceed the design dry-bulb temperature plus 10°F (5.6°C) for low-temperature refrigeration systems, and the design dry-bulb temperature plus 15°F (8°C) for medium temperature refrigeration systems where the saturated condensing temperature for blend refrigerants shall be determined using the average of liquid and vapor temperatures as converted from the condenser drain pressure.
2. Condenser fan motors that are less than 1 hp (0.75 kW) shall use electronically commutated motors, permanent split-capacitor-type motors or 3-phase motors.
3. Condenser fans for air-cooled condensers, evaporatively cooled condensers, air- or water-cooled fluid coolers or cooling towers shall reduce fan motor demand to not more than 30 percent of design wattage at 50 percent of design air volume, and incorporate one of the following continuous variable speed fan control approaches:
3.1. Refrigeration system condenser control for air-cooled condensers shall use variable setpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient dry-bulb temperature.
3.2. Refrigeration system condenser control for evaporatively cooled condensers shall use variable setpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient wet-bulb temperature.
4. Multiple fan condensers shall be controlled in unison.
5. The minimum condensing temperature setpoint shall be not greater than 70°F (21°C).
C410.3.2 Compressor systems. Refrigeration compressor systems shall comply with the following:
1. Compressors and multiple-compressor system suction groups shall include control systems that use floating suction pressure control logic to reset the target suction pressure temperature based on the temperature requirements of the attached refrigeration display cases or walk-ins.
EXCEPTION:
Controls are not required for the following:
 
1. Single-compressor systems that do not have variable capacity capability.
 
2. Suction groups that have a design saturated suction temperature of 30°F (-1.1°C) or higher, suction groups that comprise the high stage of a two-stage or cascade system, or suction groups that primarily serve chillers for secondary cooling fluids.
2. Liquid subcooling shall be provided for all low-temperature compressor systems with a design cooling capacity equal to or greater than 100,000 Btu/hr (29.3 kW) with a design-saturated suction temperature of -10°F (-23°C) or lower. The subcooled liquid temperature shall be controlled at a maximum temperature setpoint of 50°F (10°C) at the exit of the subcooler using either compressor economizer (interstage) ports or a separate compressor suction group operating at a saturated suction temperature of 18°F (-7.8°C) or higher.
2.1. Insulation for liquid lines with a fluid operating temperature less than 60°F (15.6°C) shall comply with Table C403.2.10.
3. Compressors that incorporate internal or external crankcase heaters shall provide a means to cycle the heaters off during compressor operation.
C410.4 Commissioning. Refrigeration systems shall be commissioned in accordance with Section C408.
EXCEPTION:
Self-contained units.
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-50000Chapter 5 [CE]Existing buildings.
C501 General.
C501.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall control the alteration, repair, addition and change of occupancy of existing buildings and structures.
C501.2 Existing buildings. Except as specified in this chapter, this code shall not be used to require the removal, alteration or abandonment of, nor prevent the continued use and maintenance of, an existing building or building system lawfully in existence at the time of adoption of this code.
C501.3 Maintenance. Buildings and structures, and parts thereof, shall be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition. Devices and systems which are required by this code shall be maintained in conformance with the code edition under which installed. The owner or the owner's authorized agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of buildings and structures. The requirements of this chapter shall not provide the basis for removal or abrogation of energy conservation, fire protection and safety systems and devices in existing structures.
C501.4 Compliance.Alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to, or relocation of, existing buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions for alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy or relocation, respectively, in this code and in the International Building Code, International Existing Building Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, Uniform Plumbing Code, and NFPA 70.
C501.4.1 U-factor requirements for additions and alterations. For existing building projects where an addition or building envelope alteration area is combined with existing-to-remain building areas to demonstrate compliance with this code as a whole building, the U-factors applied to existing-to-remain envelope assemblies shall be in accordance with record documents.
EXCEPTION:
If accurate record documents are not available, U-factors for the existing envelope assemblies may be in accordance with the edition of the Washington State Energy Code that was in effect at the time the building was permitted, or as approved by the code official.
C501.4.2 Calculations of mechanical heating and cooling loads for alterations. For the installation of new or replacement mechanical equipment that serves existing building areas, design loads associated with heating, cooling and ventilation of the existing building areas served shall be determined in accordance with Section C403.1.2.
R-values and U-factors used to determine existing thermal envelope performance for the purpose of calculating design loads shall be in accordance with record documents or existing conditions.
EXCEPTION((S)):
((1.)) If accurate record documents are not available, R-values and U-factors used to determine existing building thermal envelope performance may be in accordance with the edition of the Washington State Energy Code that was in effect at the time the building was permitted, or as approved by the code official.
 
((2. R-values and U-factors for the existing envelope assemblies as approved by the code official.))
C501.5 New and replacement materials. Except as otherwise required or permitted by this code, materials permitted by the applicable code for new construction shall be used. Like materials shall be permitted for repairs, provided no hazard to life, health or property is created. Hazardous materials shall not be used where the code for new construction would not permit their use in buildings of similar occupancy, purpose and location.
C501.6 Historic buildings. The building official may modify the specific requirements of this code for historic buildings and require alternate provisions which will result in a reasonable degree of energy efficiency. This modification may be allowed for those buildings or structures that are listed in the state or national register of historic places; designated as a historic property under local or state designation law or survey; certified as a contributing resource with a national register listed or locally designated historic district; or with an opinion or certification that the property is eligible to be listed on the national or state registers of historic places either individually or as a contributing building to a historic district by the state historic preservation officer or the keeper of the national register of historic places.
C501.7 Commissioning. Existing building systems shall be commissioned in accordance with Section C408. For the purposes of meeting the commissioning thresholds in Section C408.1, only the new and altered system capacities are considered when determining whether the project is exempt from some portion of the commissioning process.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-50300Section C503Alterations.
C503.1 General. Alterations to any building or structure shall comply with the requirements of Section C503 and the code for new construction. Alterations to an existing building, building system or portion thereof shall conform to the provisions of this code as they relate to new construction without requiring the unaltered portions of the existing building or building system to comply with this code. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structure is no less conforming with the provisions of this code than the existing building or structure was prior to the alteration.
EXCEPTION:
The following alterations need not comply with the requirements for new construction provided the energy use of the building is not increased:
 
1. Storm windows installed over existing fenestration.
 
2. Surface applied window film installed on existing single pane fenestration assemblies to reduce solar heat gain provided the code does not require the glazing fenestration to be replaced.
 
3. Existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction provided that these cavities are insulated to full depth with insulation having a minimum nominal value of R-3.0 per inch installed per Section C402.
 
4. Construction where the existing roof, wall or floor cavity is not exposed.
 
5. Roof recover.
 
6. Air barriers shall not be required for roof recover and roof replacement where the alterations or renovations to the building do not include alterations, renovations or repairs to the remainder of the building envelope.
 
7. Replacement of existing doors that separate conditioned space from the exterior shall not require the installation of a vestibule or revolving door, provided however that an existing vestibule that separates a conditioned space from the exterior shall not be removed.
C503.2 Change in space conditioning. Any low energy space in accordance with Section C402.1.1.1 that is altered to become conditioned space or semi-heated space shall be brought into full compliance with this code. Any semi-heated space in accordance with Section C402.1.1.2 that is altered to become conditioned space shall be ((required to be)) brought into full compliance with this code.
For buildings with more than one space conditioning category, the interior partition walls, ceilings, floors and fenestration that separate space conditioning areas shall comply with the thermal envelope requirements per the area with the highest level of space conditioning.
A change in space conditioning project shall be deemed to comply with this code if the project area alone complies or if the existing building and the project area combined comply with this code as a whole building.
EXCEPTION:
Buildings or spaces that were permitted prior to the 2009 Washington state energy code, or were originally permitted as unconditioned, may comply with this section as follows:
 
1. Where the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.5 is used to demonstrate compliance with this Section, the Proposed Total UA is allowed to be up to 110 percent of the Allowable Total UA. This exception may be applied to the project area alone, or to the existing building and project area combined as a whole building.
 
2. Where total building performance in accordance with Section C407 is used to demonstrate compliance with this Section, the total annual carbon emissions from energy consumption of the proposed design is allowed to be up to 110 percent of the annual carbon emissions from energy consumption allowed by Section C407.3. This exception may be applied to the project area alone, or to the existing building and project area combined as a whole building.
C503.3 Building envelope. New building envelope assemblies that are part of the alteration shall comply with Sections C402.1 through C402.5 as applicable.
EXCEPTION:
Air leakage testing is not required for alterations and repairs, unless the project includes a change in space conditioning according to Section C503.2 or a change of occupancy or use according to Section C505.1.
C503.3.1 Roof replacement.Roof replacements shall comply with Table C402.1.3 or C402.1.4 where the existing roof assembly is part of the building thermal envelope and contains insulation entirely above the roof deck.
C503.3.2 Vertical fenestration. The addition of vertical fenestration that results in a total building vertical fenestration area less than or equal to that specified in Section C402.4.1 shall comply with Section C402.4. The addition of vertical fenestration that result in a total building vertical fenestration area greater than specified in Section C402.4.1 shall comply with one of the following:
1. Vertical fenestration alternate in accordance with Section C402.1.3 for the new vertical fenestration added.
2. Vertical fenestration alternate in accordance with Section C402.4.1.1 for the area adjacent to the new vertical fenestration added.
3. Existing building and alteration area are combined to demonstrate compliance with the component performance alternate in accordance with Section C402.1.5 for the whole building. The Proposed Total UA is allowed to be up to 110 percent of the Allowed Total UA.
4. Total building performance in accordance with Section C407 for the whole building. The total annual carbon emissions from energy consumption of the proposed design is allowed to be up to 110 percent of the annual carbon emissions from energy consumption allowed in accordance with Section C407.3.
EXCEPTION:
Additional envelope upgrades are included in the project so the addition of vertical fenestration does not cause a reduction in overall building energy efficiency, as approved by the code official.
C503.3.2.1 Application to replacement fenestration products. Where some or all of an existing fenestration unit is replaced with a new fenestration product, including sash and glazing, the replacement fenestration unit shall meet the applicable requirements for U-factor and SHGC in Table C402.4.
EXCEPTION:
An area-weighted average of the U-factor of replacement fenestration products being installed in the building for each fenestration product category listed in Table C402.4 shall be permitted to satisfy the U-factor requirements for each fenestration product category listed in Table C402.4. Individual fenestration products from different product categories listed in Table C402.4 shall not be combined in calculating the area-weighted average U-factor.
C503.3.3 Skylight area. The addition of skylights that results in a total building skylight area less than or equal to that specified in Section C402.4.1 shall comply with Section C402.4. The addition of skylights that results in a total building skylight area greater than that specified in Section C402.4.1 shall comply with one of the following:
1. Existing building and alteration area are combined to demonstrate compliance with the component performance alternative with target area adjustment in accordance with Section C402.1.5 for the whole building. The Proposed Total UA is allowed to be up to 110 percent of the Allowed Total UA.
2. Total building performance in accordance with Section C407 for the whole building. The annual carbon emissions from energy consumption of the proposed design is allowed to be up to 110 percent of the annual carbon emissions from energy consumption allowed in accordance with Section C407.3.
EXCEPTION:
Additional envelope upgrades are included in the project so the addition of skylights does not cause a reduction in overall building energy efficiency, as approved by the code official.
C503.4 Mechanical systems. Those parts of systems which are altered or replaced shall comply with Section C403. Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing mechanical system that will cause the existing mechanical system to become out of compliance.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Existing mechanical systems which are altered or where parts of the systems are replaced are not required to be modified to comply with Section C403.3.5 as long as mechanical cooling capacity is not added to a system that did not have cooling capacity prior to the alteration.
 
2. Alternate mechanical system designs that are not in full compliance with this code may be approved when the code official determines that existing building constraints including, but not limited to, available mechanical space, limitations of the existing structure, or proximity to adjacent air intakes or exhausts makes full compliance impractical. Alternate designs shall include additional energy saving strategies not prescriptively required by this code for the scope of the project including, but not limited to, demand control ventilation, energy recovery, or increased mechanical cooling or heating equipment efficiency above that required by Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.2(12).
 
3. Only those components of existing HVAC systems that are altered or replaced shall be required to meet the requirements of Section C403.8.1, Allowable fan motor horsepower. Components replaced or altered shall not exceed the fan power limitation pressure drop adjustment values in Table C403.8.1(2) at design conditions. Section C403.8.1 does not require the removal and replacement of existing system ductwork.
C503.4.1 New mechanical systems. All new mechanical systems in existing buildings, including packaged unitary equipment and packaged split systems, shall comply with Section C403.
C503.4.2 Addition of cooling capacity. Where mechanical cooling is added to a space that was not previously cooled, the mechanical system shall comply with either Section C403.3.5 or C403.5.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Qualifying small equipment: Economizers are not required for cooling units and split systems serving one zone with a total cooling capacity rated in accordance with Section C403.3.2 of less than 33,000 Btu/h (hereafter referred to as qualifying small systems) provided that these are high-efficiency cooling equipment with SEER and EER values more than 15 percent higher than minimum efficiencies listed in Tables C403.3.2 (1) through (3), in the appropriate size category, using the same test procedures. Equipment shall be listed in the appropriate certification program to qualify for this exception. The total capacity of all qualifying small equipment without economizers shall not exceed 72,000 Btu/h per building, or 5 percent of the building total air economizer capacity, whichever is greater.
 
Notes and exclusions for Exception 1:
 
1.1. The portion of the equipment serving Group R occupancies is not included in determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building.
 
1.2. Redundant units are not counted in the capacity limitations.
 
1.3. This exception shall not be used for the initial tenant improvement of a shell-and-core building or space, or for Total Building Performance in accordance with Section C407.
 
1.4. This exception shall not be used for unitary cooling equipment installed outdoors or in a mechanical room adjacent to the outdoors.
 
2. Chilled water terminal units connected to systems with chilled water generation equipment with IPLV values more than 25 percent higher than minimum part load equipment efficiencies listed in Table C403.3.2(7), in the appropriate size category, using the same test procedures. Equipment shall be listed in the appropriate certification program to qualify for this exception. The total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not exceed 480,000 Btu/h per building, or 20 percent of the building total air economizer capacity, whichever is greater.
 
Notes and exclusions for Exception 2:
 
2.1. The portion of the equipment serving Group R occupancy is not included in determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building.
 
2.2. This exception shall not be used for the initial tenant improvement of a shell-and-core building or space, or for total building performance in accordance with Section C407.
C503.4.3 Alterations or replacement of existing cooling systems. Alterations to, or replacement of, existing mechanical cooling systems shall not decrease the building total economizer capacity unless the system complies with either Section C403.3.5 or C403.5. System alterations or replacement shall comply with Table C503.4 when the individual cooling unit capacity and the building total capacity of all cooling equipment without economizer do not comply with Section C403.3.5 or C403.5.
C503.4.4 Controls for cooling equipment replacement. When space cooling equipment is replaced, controls shall comply with all requirements under Section C403.3.5 and related subsections, and Section C403.5.1 for integrated economizer control.
C503.4.5 Cooling equipment relocation. Existing equipment currently in use may be relocated within the same floor or same tenant space if removed and reinstalled within the same permit.
Table C503.4
Economizer Compliance Options for Mechanical Alterations
 
Option A
Option B
(alternate to A)
Option C
(alternate to A)
Option D
(alternate to A)
Unit Type
Any alteration with new or replacement equipment
Replacement unit of the same type with the same or smaller output capacity
Replacement unit of the same type with a larger output capacity
New equipment added to existing system or replacement unit of a different type
1. Packaged Units
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
2. Split Systems
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
For units ≤ 60,000 Btuh, comply with two of two measures:
1. Efficiency: + 10%e
2. Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capability
For units ≤ 60,000 Btuh replacing unit installed prior to 1991 comply with at least one of two measures:
1. Efficiency: + 10%e
2. Economizer: 50% f
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
For all other capacities:
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
For all other capacities:
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
3. Water Source Heat Pump
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
For units ≤ 72,000 Btuh, comply with at least two of three measures:
1. Efficiency: +10%e
2. Flow control valve g
3. Economizer: 50% f
For units ≤ 72,000 Btuh, comply with at least three of three measures:
1. Efficiency: +10%e
2. Flow control valve g
3. Economizer: 50% f (except for certain pre-1991 systems q)
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
(except for certain pre-1991 systems q)
 
 
For all other capacities:
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
For all other capacities:
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
 
4. Water Economizer using Air-Cooled Heat Rejection Equipment (Dry Cooler)
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency: + 5%d
Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capacity
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
5. Air-Handling Unit (including fan coil units) where the system has an air-cooled chiller
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capacity
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
(except for certain pre-1991 systems q)
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
(except for certain pre-1991 systems q)
6. Air-Handling Unit (including fan coil units) and Water-cooled Process Equipment, where the system has a water-cooled chiller10
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capacity
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
(except for certain pre-1991 systems q and certain 1991-2016 systems i)
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
(except for certain pre-1991 systems q and certain 1991-2016 systems i)
7. Cooling Tower
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
No requirements
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency: min.a
Economizer: C403.5b
8. Air-Cooled Chiller
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency: + 10%k
Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capacity
Efficiency:
Comply with two of two measures:
1. + 10% k,l and
2. Multistage compressor(s)
Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capacity
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
9. Water-Cooled Chiller
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
Efficiency:
Comply with at least one of two measures:
1. Part load IPLV + 15%n or
2. Plate frame heat exchanger o
Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capacity
Efficiency:
Comply with two of two measures:
1. Part load IPLV + 15% n
2. Plate-frame heat exchanger o
Economizer: shall not decrease existing economizer capacity
Efficiency: min. a
Economizer: C403.5b
a
Minimum equipment efficiency shall comply with Section C403.3.2 and Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.3.2(12).
b
All separate new equipment and replacement equipment shall have air economizer complying with Section C403.5 including both the individual unit size limits and the total building capacity limits on units without economizer. It is acceptable to comply using one of the exceptions to Section C403.5.
c
Reserved.
d
Equipment shall have a capacity-weighted average cooling system efficiency that is 5% better than the requirements in Tables C403.3.2(1) and C403.3.2(2) (1.05 x values in Tables C403.3.2(1) and C403.3.2(2)).
e
Equipment shall have a capacity-weighted average cooling system efficiency that is 10% better than the requirements in Tables C403.3.2(1)A and C403.3.2(2) (1.10 x values in Tables C403.3.2(1)A and C403.3.2(2)).
f
Minimum of 50% air economizer that is ducted in a fully enclosed path directly to every heat pump unit in each zone, except that ducts may terminate within 12 inches of the intake to an HVAC unit provided that they are physically fastened so that the outside air duct is directed into the unit intake. If this is an increase in the amount of outside air supplied to this unit, the outside air supply system shall be configured to provide this additional outside air and be equipped with economizer control.
g
Water-source heat pump systems shall have a flow control valve to eliminate flow through the heat pumps that are not in operation and variable speed pumping control complying with Section C403.4.3 for that heat pump.
 
 
- When the total capacity of all units with flow control valves exceeds 15% of the total system capacity, a variable frequency drive shall be installed on the main loop pump.
 
 
- As an alternate to this requirement, the capacity-weighted average cooling system efficiency shall be 5% better than the requirements in footnote e for water-source heat pumps (i.e., a minimum of 15% greater than the requirements in Table C403.3.2(2)).
h
Water economizer equipment shall have a capacity-weighted average cooling system efficiency that is 10% better than the requirements in Tables C403.3.2(8) and C403.3.2(9) (1.10 x values in Tables C403.3.2(8) and C403.3.2(9)).
i
Air economizer is not required for systems installed with water economizer plate and frame heat exchanger complying with previous codes between 1991 and June 2016, provided that the total fan coil load does not exceed the existing or added capacity of the heat exchangers.
j
For water-cooled process equipment where the manufacturers specifications require colder temperatures than available with waterside economizer, that portion of the load is exempt from the economizer requirements.
k
The air-cooled chiller shall have an IPLV efficiency that is a minimum of 10% greater than the IPLV requirements in EER in Table C403.3.2(7)(1.10 x IPLV values in EER in Table C403.3.2(7)).
l
The air-cooled chiller shall be multistage with a minimum of two compressors.
m
The water-cooled chiller shall have full load and part load IPLV efficiency that is a minimum of 5% greater than the IPLV requirements in Table C403.2.3(7).
n
The water-cooled chiller shall have an IPLV value that is a minimum of 15% lower than the IPLV requirements in Table C403.2.3(7) (1.15 x IPLV values in Table C403.3.2(7)). Water-cooled centrifugal chillers designed for nonstandard conditions shall have an NPLV value that is at least 15% lower than the adjusted maximum NPLV rating in kW per ton defined in Section C403.3.2.1 (1.15 x NPLV).
o
Economizer cooling shall be provided by adding a plate-frame heat exchanger on the waterside with a capacity that is a minimum of 20% of the chiller capacity at standard AHRI rating conditions.
p
Reserved.
q
Systems installed prior to 1991 without fully utilized capacity are allowed to comply with Option B, provided that the individual unit cooling capacity does not exceed 90,000 Btuh.
C503.5 Service hot water systems. New service hot water systems that are part of the alteration shall comply with Section C404.
C503.6 Lighting, controlled receptacles and motors. Alterations or the addition of lighting, electric receptacles and motors shall comply with Sections C503.6.1 through C503.6.6.
C503.6.1 Luminaire additions and alterations. Alterations that add or replace 50 percent or more of the luminaires in a space enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, replace 50 percent or more of parking garage luminaires, or replace 50 percent or more of the total installed wattage of exterior luminaires shall comply with Sections C405.4 and C405.5. Where less than 50 percent of the fixtures in an interior space enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions or in a parking garage are added or replaced, or less than 50 percent of the installed exterior wattage is replaced, the installed lighting wattage shall be maintained or reduced.
C503.6.2 Rewiring and recircuiting. Where new wiring is being installed to serve added fixtures and/or fixtures are being relocated to a new circuit, controls shall comply with Sections C405.2.1, C405.2.3, C405.2.4, C405.2.5, ((C405.2.7))C405.2.6, and as applicable C408.3. New lighting control devices shall comply with the requirements of Section C405.2.
C503.6.3 New or moved lighting panel. Where a new lighting panel (or a moved lighting panel) with all new raceway and conductor wiring from the panel to the fixtures is being installed, controls shall also comply with, in addition to the requirements of Section C503.6.2, all remaining requirements in Sections C405.2 and C408.3.
C503.6.4 Newly-created rooms. Where new walls or ceiling-height partitions are added to an existing space and create a new enclosed space, but the lighting fixtures are not being changed, other than being relocated, the new enclosed space shall have controls that comply with Sections C405.2.1, C405.2.2, C405.2.3, C405.2.4, C405.2.5 and C408.3.
C503.6.5 Motors. Those motors which are altered or replaced shall comply with Section C405.8.
C503.6.6 Controlled receptacles. Where electric receptacles are added or replaced, controlled receptacles shall be provided in accordance with Section C405.10.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Where an alteration project impacts an area smaller than 5,000 square feet, controlled receptacles are not required.
 
2. Where existing systems furniture or partial-height relocatable office cubical partitions are reconfigured or relocated within the same area, controlled receptacles are not required in the existing systems furniture or office cubicle partitions.
 
3. Where new or altered receptacles meet the exception to Section C405.10, they are not required to be controlled receptacles or be located within 12 inches of noncontrolled receptacles.
C503.7 Refrigeration systems. Those parts of systems which are altered or replaced shall comply with Section C410. Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing refrigerated space or system that will cause the existing mechanical system to become out of compliance. All new refrigerated spaces or systems in existing buildings, including refrigerated display cases, shall comply with Section C410.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-600000Chapter 6 [CE]Referenced standards.
This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section C106.
AAMA
American Architectural Manufacturers Association
 
 
1827 Walden Office Square
 
 
 
Suite 550
 
 
 
Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
AAMA/WDMA/CSA
101/I.S.2/A C44017
North American Fenestration Standard/Specifications for Windows, Doors and Unit Skylights
. . . . . . . .
Table ((C402.4.2))C402.4.1.1.2
AHAM
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers
 
 
1111 19th Street, N.W., Suite 402
 
 
 
Washington, D.C. 20036
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ANSI/AHAM RAC-12008
Room Air Conditioners
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(3)
AHAM HRF-12017
Energy, Performance and Capacity of Household Refrigerators, Refrigerator-Freezers and Freezers
. . . . . . . .
Table C410.1(1)
AHRI
Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute
 
 
 
4100 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 200
 
 
 
Arlington, VA 22203
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ISO/AHRI/ASHRAE
 
 
 
13256-1 (2017)
Water-source Heat Pumps - Testing and Rating for Performance - Part 1: Water-to-air and Brine-to-air Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(2)
ISO/AHRI/ASHRAE
 
 
 
13256-2 (2017)
Water-source Heat Pumps - Testing and Rating for Performance - Part 2: Water-to-water and Brine-to-water Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(2)
210/2402016
Unitary Air Conditioning and Air-source Heat Pump Equipment
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(1),
Table C403.3.2(2)
310/3802014
Standard for Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(3)
340/3602015
Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(1),
Table C403.3.2(2)
3652009
Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-conditioning Condensing Units
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(1),
Table C403.3.2(6)
3902015
Performance Rating of Single Package Vertical Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(3)
4002015
Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers with Addendum 2
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(9)
44008
Room Fan Coil
. . . . . . . .
((C403.2.8))C403.10.3
46005
Performance Rating Remote Mechanical Draft Air-cooled Refrigerant Condensers
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(8)
550/5902015
Water Chilling Packages Using the Vapor Compression Cycle—with Addenda
. . . . . . . .
((C403.2.3.1,
Table C403.2.3(7),
Table C406.2(6)))
C403.3.2.1,
Table C403.3.2(7)
56000
Absorption Water Chilling and Water-heating Packages
. . . . . . . .
Table ((C403.2.3))C403.3.2(7)
9202015
Performance Rating of DX-Dedicated Outdoor Air System Units
. . . . . . . .
C202, Table C403.3.2(11), Table C403.3.2(12)
11602014
Performance Rating of Heat Pump Pool Heaters
. . . . . . . .
Table C404.2
12002013
Performance Rating of Commercial Refrigerated Display Merchandisers and Storage Cabinets
. . . . . . . .
C410.1,Table C410.1(1), Table C410.1(2)
AMCA
Air Movement and Control Association International
 
 
 
30 West University Drive
 
 
 
Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1806
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
20512
Energy Efficiency Classification for Fans
. . . . . . . .
C403.8.3
2208 (2012)
Laboratory Methods for Testing Air Curtain Units for Aerodynamic Performance Rating
. . . . . . . .
C402.5.7
500D12
Laboratory Methods for Testing Dampers for Rating
. . . . . . . .
C402.4.5.1,
C402.4.5.2
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
 
 
 
25 West 43rd Street
 
 
 
Fourth Floor
 
 
 
New York, NY 10036
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ANSI/ASME A17.12010
Safety code for elevators and escalators
. . . . . . . .
C405.12.1
Z21.10.3/CSA 4.311
Gas Water Heaters, Volume III—Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings Above 75,000 Btu per Hour, Circulating Tank and Instantaneous
. . . . . . . .
Table C404.2
Z21.47/CSA 2.312
Gas-fired Central Furnaces
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(4)
Z83.8/CSA 2.609
Gas Unit Heaters, Gas Packaged Heaters, Gas Utility Heaters and Gas-fired Duct Furnaces
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(4)
APSP
The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals
 
 
 
2111 Eisenhower Avenue
 
 
 
Alexandria, VA 22314
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
142014
American National Standards for Portable Electric Spa Efficiency
. . . . . . . .
C404.12
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
 
 
1791 Tullie Circle, N.E.
 
 
 
Atlanta, GA 30329-2305
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA
 
 
 
Standard 127-2007
Method of Testing for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air Conditioners
. . . . . . . .
Table
C403.3.2(9)
Standard 1832007
Peak Cooling and Heating Load Calculations in Buildings, Except Low-rise Residential Buildings
. . . . . . . .
C403.1.2
ASHRAE2016
ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook—2016
. . . . . . . .
C403.1.2
ISO/AHRI/ASHRAE
 
 
 
13256-1 (2011)
Water-source Heat Pumps—Testing and Rating for Performance—Part 1: Water-to-air and Brine-to-air Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(2)
ISO/AHRI/ASHRAE
 
 
 
13256-2 (2011)
Water-source Heat Pumps—Testing and Rating for Performance—Part 2: Water-to-water and Brine-to-water Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(2)
90.12016
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-rise Residential Buildings
(ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1—2010)
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.1.3,
Table C402.1.4, C406.2
90.42016
Energy Standard for Data Centers
. . . . . . . .
C403.1.3
1462011
Testing and Rating Pool Heaters
. . . . . . . .
Table C404.2
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
 
 
 
Two Park Avenue
 
 
 
New York, NY 10016-5990
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ASME A17.1/CSA B442016
Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
. . . . . . . .
C405.9.2
ASTM
ASTM International
 
 
 
100 Barr Harbor Drive
 
 
 
West Conshohocken, PA
 
 
 
19428-2859
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
C 9014
Specification for Load-bearing Concrete Masonry Units
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.1.3
C136311
Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus
. . . . . . . .
C303.1.4.1, Table C402.1.4
C 137115
Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4
C 154909
Standard Test Method for Determination of Solar Reflectance Near Ambient Temperature Using A Portable Solar Reflectometer
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4
D 100313
Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
. . . . . . . .
C402.4.2.2
E 28304 (2012)
Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
. . . . . . . .
((C402.5.1.2.2))
C402.5.8
E 40813
Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance of Surfaces Using Inspection-meter Techniques
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4
E 77910
Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
. . . . . . . .
C402.5.1.2.3
E 90312
Standard Test Method Solar Absorptance, Reflectance and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating Spheres (Withdrawn 2005)
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4
E 167711
Standard Specification for an Air-retarder (AR) Material or System for Low-rise Framed Building Walls
. . . . . . . .
C402.5.1.2.2
E 191806 (2015)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Solar Reflectance of Horizontal or Low-sloped Surfaces in the Field
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4
E 198011
Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of Horizontal and Low-sloped Opaque Surfaces
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.2.1.1
E 217813
Standard Test Method for Air Permanence of Building Materials
. . . . . . . .
C402.4
E 235711
Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage of Air Barrier Assemblies
. . . . . . . .
C402.5.1.2.2
CSA
Canadian Standards Association
 
 
5060 Spectrum Way
 
 
 
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
AAMA/WDMA/CSA
101/I.S.2/A44011
North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors and Unit Skylights
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4.2
CTI
Cooling Technology Institute
 
 
2611 FM 1960 West, Suite A-101
 
 
 
Houston, TX 77068
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ATC 105 (00)
Acceptance Test Code for Water Cooling Tower
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(8)
ATC 105S11
Acceptance Test Code for Closed Circuit Cooling Towers
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(8)
ATC 10611
Acceptance Test Code for Mechanical Draft Evaporative Vapor Condensers
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(8)
STD 20111
Standard for Certification of Water Cooling Towers Thermal Performances
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(8)
DASMA
Door and Access Systems Manufacturers Association
 
 
 
1300 Sumner Avenue
 
 
 
Cleveland, OH 44115-2851
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
10592 (R2004)13
Test Method for Thermal Transmittance and Air Infiltration of Garage Doors
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4.2
DOE
U.S. Department of Energy
 
 
c/o Superintendent of Documents
 
 
U.S. Government Printing Office
 
 
 
Washington, D.C. 20402-9325
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
10 C.F.R., Part 4302015
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products:
 
 
 
Test Procedures and Certification and Enforcement Requirement for Plumbing Products; and Certification and Enforcement Requirements for Residential Appliances; Final Rule
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(4),
Table C403.3.2(5),
Table C404.2
10 C.F.R., Part 430, Subpart B, Appendix N2015
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Furnaces and Boilers
. . . . . . . . 
C202
10 C.F.R., Part 4312015
Energy Efficiency Program for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Test Procedures and Efficiency Standards; Final Rules
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(5),
Table C406.2(5)
NAECA 87(88)
National Appliance Energy Conservation Act 1987 [(Public Law 100-12 (with Amendments of 1988-P.L. 100-357)]
. . . . . . . .
Tables C403.3.2 (1), (2), (4)
IAPMO
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
 
 
 
4755 E. Philadelphia Street
 
 
 
Ontario, CA 91761
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
UPC2015
Uniform Plumbing Code
. . . . . . . .
C201.3, C501.4
ICC
International Code Council, Inc.
 
 
 
500 New Jersey Avenue, N.W.,
 
 
 
6th Floor
 
 
 
Washington, D.C. 20001
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
IBC15
International Building Code
. . . . . . . .
C201.3, C303.2, C402.4.3
IFC15
International Fire Code
. . . . . . . .
C201.3, C501.4
IFGC15
International Fuel Gas Code
. . . . . . . .
C201.3, C501.4
IMC15
International Mechanical Code
. . . . . . . .
C106.3, C201.3, C402.5.3, C403.2.2.1, C403.2.2.2, C403.3.5, C403.3.5.1, C403.6.1, C403.6.5, C403.6.10, C403.7.1, C403.7.2, C403.7.5, C403.7.5.1, C403.7.6, C403.7.7.3, C403.7.8.1, C403.7.8.4, C403.8.4, C403.8.5.1, Table C403.10.1, C403.10.1.2, Table C403.10.1.2, C403.10.2.2, C403.12, C406.6, C408.2.2.1, C501.4
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.
 
 
 
3 Park Avenue
 
 
 
New York, NY 10016
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
IEEE 515.12012
IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Trace Heating for Commercial Applications
. . . . . . . .
C404.6.2
IESNA
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
 
 
 
120 Wall Street, 17th Floor
 
 
 
New York, NY 10005-4001
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1((2013))2016
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-rise Residential Buildings
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.1.3, Table C402.1.4, Table C407.5.1
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
 
 
 
1, rue de Varembe, Case postale 56, CH-1211
 
 
 
Geneva, Switzerland
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
ISO/AHRI/ASHRAE 13256-1 (((2011))2017)
Water-source Heat Pumps—Testing and Rating for Performance—Part 1: Water-to-air and Brine-to-air Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
C403.3.2(2)
ISO/AHRI/ASHRAE 13256-2 (((2011))2017)
Water-Source Heat Pumps—Testing and Rating for Performance—Part 2: Water-to-water and Brine-to-water Heat Pumps
. . . . . . . .
C403.3.2(2)
NEMA
National Electric Manufacturers Association
 
 
 
1300 North 17th Street
 
 
 
Suite 1752
 
 
 
Rosslyn, VA 22209
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
TP-1-2002
Guide for Determining Energy Efficiency for Distribution Transformers
. . . . . . . .
C405.9
MGI 2014
Motors and Generators
. . . . . . . .
C202
NFRC
National Fenestration Rating Council, Inc.
 
 
 
6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 140
 
 
 
Greenbelt, MD 20770
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
1002017
Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-factors
. . . . . . . .
C303.1.2,
C402.2.2
2002017
Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficients and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence
. . . . . . . .
C303.1.3,
C402.4.1.1
2022017
Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence
. . . . . . . .
C202
NFRC 2032017
Procedure for Determining Visible Transmittance of Tubular Daylighting Devices
. . . . . . . .
C202, C402.4.2
4002017
Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Air Leakage
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4.2
SMACNA
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc.
 
 
 
4021 Lafayette Center Drive
 
 
 
Chantilly, VA 20151-1209
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
SMACNA2012
HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual
. . . . . . . .
C403.10.2.3
UL
Underwriters Laboratories
 
 
 
333 Pfingsten Road
 
 
 
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
71012
Exhaust Hoods for Commercial Cooking Equipment
. . . . . . . .
((C403.2.8))
C403.7.5
72706
Oil-fired Central Furnaces—with Revisions through April 2010
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(4)
73195
Oil-fired Unit Heaters—with Revisions through April 2010
. . . . . . . .
Table C403.3.2(4)
US-FTC
United States-Federal Trade Commission
 
 
600 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W.
 
 
 
Washington, D.C. 20580
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
C.F.R. Title 16
( 2015)
R-value Rule
. . . . . . . .
C303.1.4
WDMA
Window and Door Manufacturers Association
 
 
1400 East Touhy Avenue, Suite 470
 
 
 
Des Plaines, IL 60018
 
 
Standard reference number
Title
 
Referenced in code section number
AAMA/WDMA/CSA
101/I.S.2/A44017
North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors and Unit Skylights
. . . . . . . .
Table C402.4.2
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 19-24-040, filed 11/26/19, effective 7/1/20)
WAC 51-11C-80500Appendix DCalculation of HVAC total system performance ratio.
D101 Scope. This appendix establishes criteria for demonstrating compliance using the HVAC total system performance ratio (HVAC TSPR) for systems serving office, retail, library and education occupancies and buildings, which are subject to the requirements of Section C403.3.5 without exceptions. Those HVAC systems shall comply with Section C403 and this appendix as required by Section C403.1.1.
D201 Compliance. Compliance based on HVAC total system performance ratio requires that the provisions of Section C403.3 are met and the HVAC total system performance ratio of the proposed design is more than or equal to the HVAC total system performance ratio of the standard reference design. The HVAC TSPR is calculated according to the following formula:
HVAC TSPR = annual heating and cooling load/annual carbon emissions from energy consumption of the building HVAC systems
Where:
 
 
Annual carbon emissions from energy consumption of the building HVAC systems
=
sum of the annual carbon emissions in pounds for heating, cooling, fans, energy recovery, pumps, and heat rejection calculated by multiplying site energy consumption by the carbon emission factors from Table C407.1
Annual heating and cooling load
=
sum of the annual heating and cooling loads met by the building HVAC system in thousands of Btus.
Table C407.1 (Reprinted from Chapter 4)
Carbon Emissions Factors
Type
CO2e (lb/unit)
Unit
Electricity
0.70
kWh
Natural gas
11.70
Therm
Oil
19.2
Gallon
Propane
10.5
Gallon
Othera
195.00
mmBtu
On-site renewable energy
0.00
 
a
District energy systems may use alternative emissions factors supported by calculations approved by the code official.
D300 Simulation program.
D301 General.
D302 Calculation of the HVAC TSPR for the Standard Reference Design. The simulation program shall calculate the HVAC TSPR based only on the input for the proposed design and the requirements of this appendix. The calculation procedure shall not allow the user to directly modify the building component characteristics of the standard reference design.
D303 Specific approval. Performance analysis tools meeting the applicable subsections of Appendix D and tested according to ASHRAE Standard 140 shall be permitted to be approved. Tools are permitted to be approved based on meeting a specified threshold for a jurisdiction. The code official shall be permitted to approve tools for a specified application or limited scope.
D400 Climatic data. The simulation program shall perform the simulation using hourly values of climatic data, such as temperature and humidity, using TMY3 data for the site as specified here: https://buildingenergyscore.energy.gov/resources
D500 Documentation. Documentation conforming to the provisions of this section shall be provided to the code official.
D501 Compliance report. Building permit submittals shall include:
1. A report produced by the simulation software that includes the following:
1.1 Address of the building.
1.2 Name of individual completing the compliance report.
1.3 Name and version of the compliance software tool.
1.4 The dimensions, floor heights and number of floors for each block.
1.5 By block, the U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor for each simulated opaque envelope component and the U-factor and SHGC for each fenestration component.
1.6 By block or by surface for each block, the fenestration area.
1.7 By block, a list of the HVAC equipment simulated in the proposed design including the equipment type, fuel type, equipment efficiencies and system controls.
1.8 The HVAC total system performance ratio for both the standard reference design and the proposed design.
2. A mapping of the actual building HVAC component characteristics and those simulated in the proposed design showing how individual pieces of HVAC equipment identified above have been combined into average inputs ((ad))as required by Section D601.11 including:
2.1 Fans.
2.2 Hydronic pumps.
2.3 Air handlers.
2.4 Packaged cooling equipment.
2.5 Furnaces.
2.6 Heat pumps.
2.7 Boilers.
2.8 Chillers.
2.9 Cooling towers.
2.10 Electric resistance coils.
2.11 Condensing units.
2.12 Motors for fans and pumps.
2.13 Energy recovery devices.
For each piece of equipment identified above, include the following as applicable:
2.14 Equipment name or tag consistent with that found on the design documents.
2.15 Efficiency level.
2.16 Capacity.
2.17 Input power for fans and pumps.
3. Floor plan of the building identifying how portions of the building are assigned to the simulated blocks and areas of the building that are not covered under the requirements of Section C403.1.1.
D600 Calculation procedure. Except as specified by this appendix, the standard reference design and proposed design shall be configured and analyzed using identical methods and techniques.
D601 Simulation of the proposed building design. The proposed design shall be configured and analyzed as specified in this section.
D601.1 Utility rates. For the purpose of calculating the HVAC TSPR the following simple utility rate determined by the Washington state department of commerce shall be used:
$0.112/kWh of electricity.
$1.158/therm of fossil fuel.
D601.2 Block geometry. The geometry of buildings shall be configured using one or more blocks. Each block shall define attributes including block dimensions, number of floors, floor to floor height and floor to ceiling height. Simulation software may allow the use of simplified shapes (such as rectangle, L shape, H shape, U shape or T shape) to represent blocks. Where actual building shape does not match these predefined shapes, simplifications are permitted providing the following requirements are met:
1. The conditioned floor area and volume of each block shall match the proposed design within 10 percent.
2. The area of each exterior envelope component from Table C402.1.4 is accounted for within 10 percent of the actual design.
3. The area of vertical fenestration and skylights is accounted for within 10 percent of the actual design.
4. The orientation of each component in 2 and 3 above is accounted for within 45 degrees of the actual design.
The creation of additional blocks may be necessary to meet these requirements.
EXCEPTION:
Portions of the building that are unconditioned or served by systems not covered by the requirements of Section C403.1.1 shall be omitted.
D601.2.1 Number of blocks. One or more blocks may be required per building based on the following restrictions:
1. Each block can have only one occupancy type (office, library, education or retail). Therefore, at least one single block shall be created for each unique use type.
2. Each block can be served by only one type of HVAC system. Therefore, a single block shall be created for each unique HVAC system and use type combination. Multiple HVAC units of the same type may be represented in one block. Table D601.10.2 provides directions for combining multiple HVAC units or components of the same type into a single block.
3. Each block can have a single definition of floor to floor or floor to ceiling heights. Where floor heights differ by more than 2 feet, unique blocks should be created for the floors with varying heights.
4. Each block can include either above grade or below grade floors. For buildings with both above grade and below grade floors, separate blocks should be created for each. For buildings with floors partially above grade and partially below grade, if the total wall area of the floor(s) in consideration is greater than or equal to 50 percent above grade, then it should be simulated as a completely above grade block, otherwise it should be simulated as a below grade block.
5. Each wall on a façade of a block shall have similar vertical fenestration. The product of the proposed designU-factor times the area of windows (UA) on each façade of a given floor cannot differ by more than 15 percent of the average UA for that façade in each block. The product of the proposed design SHGC times the area of windows (USHGC) on each façade of a given floor cannot differ by more than 15 percent of the average USHGC for that façade in each block. If either of these conditions are not met, additional blocks shall be created consisting of floors with similar fenestration.
6. For a building model with multiple blocks, the blocks should be configured together to have the same adjacencies as the actual building design.
D601.3 Thermal zoning. Each floor in a block shall be modeled as a single thermal zone or as five thermal zones consisting of four perimeter zones and a core zone. Below grade floors shall be modeled as a single thermal block. If any façade in the block is less than 45 feet in length, there shall only be a single thermal zone per floor. Otherwise each floor shall be modeled with 5 thermal zones. A perimeter zone shall be created extending from each façade to a depth of 15 feet. Where facades intersect, the zone boundary shall be formed by a 45 degree angle with the 2 facades. The remaining area or each floor shall be modeled as a core zone with no exterior walls.
D601.4 Occupancy.
D601.4.1 Occupancy type. The occupancy type for each block shall be consistent with the building area type as determined in accordance with Section C405.4.2.1. Portions of the building that are building area types other than office, school (education), library, or retail shall not be included in the simulation.
D601.4.2 Occupancy schedule, density, and heat gain. The occupant density, heat gain, and schedule shall be for office, retail, library, or school as specified by ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Normative Appendix C.
D601.5 Envelope components.
D601.5.1 Roofs. Roofs will be modeled with insulation above a steel roof deck. The roof U-factor and area shall be modeled as in the proposed design. If different roof thermal properties are present in a single block, an area weighted U-factor shall be used. Roof solar absorbtance shall be modeled at 0.70 and emittance at 0.90.
D601.5.2 Above grade walls. Walls will be modeled as steel frame construction. The U-factor and area of above grade walls shall be modeled as in the proposed design. If different wall constructions exist on the façade of a block an area-weighted U-factor shall be used.
D601.5.3 Below grade walls. The C-factor and area of below grade walls shall be modeled as in the proposed design. If different slab on grade floor constructions exist in a block, an area-weighted C-factor shall be used.
D601.5.4 Above grade exterior floors. Exterior floors shall be modeled as steel frame. The U-factor and area of floors shall be modeled as in the proposed design. If different wall constructions exist in the block an area-weighted U-factor shall be used.
D601.5.5 Slab on grade floors. The F-factor and area of slab on grade floors shall be modeled as in the proposed design. If different below grade wall constructions exist in a block, an area-weighted F-factor shall be used.
D601.5.6 Vertical fenestration. The window area and area weighted U-factor and SHGC shall be modeled for each façade based on the proposed design. Each exterior surface in a block must comply with Section D601.2.1 item 5. Windows will be combined in to a single window centered on each façade based on the area and sill height input by the user.
D601.5.7 Skylights. The skylight area and area weighted U-factor and SHGC shall be modeled for each floor based the proposed design. Skylights will be combined in to a single skylight centered on the roof of each zone based on the area and sill height input by the user.
D601.6 Lighting. Interior lighting power density shall be equal to the allowance in Table C405.4.2(1) for office, retail, library, or school. The lighting schedule shall be for office, retail, library, or school as specified by ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Normative Appendix C. The impact of lighting controls is assumed to be captured by the lighting schedule and no explicit controls shall be modeled. Exterior lighting shall not be modeled.
D601.7 Miscellaneous equipment. The miscellaneous equipment schedule and power shall be for office, retail, library, or school as specified by ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Normative Appendix C. The impact of miscellaneous equipment controls is assumed to be captured by the equipment schedule and no explicit controls shall be modeled.
D601.8 Elevators. Elevators shall not be modeled.
D601.9 Service water heating equipment. Service water heating shall not be modeled.
D601.10 On-site renewable energy systems. On-site renewable energy systems shall not be modeled.
D601.11 HVAC equipment. HVAC systems shall meet the requirements of Section C403.
D601.11.1 Supported HVAC systems. At a minimum, the HVAC systems shown in Table D601.11.1 shall be supported by the simulation program.
Table D601.11.1
Proposed Building HVAC Systems Supported by HVAC TSPR Simulation Software
System No.
System Name
System Abbreviation
1
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
PTAC
2
Packaged Terminal Air Heat Pump
PTHP
3
Packaged Single Zone Gas Furnace
PSZGF
4
Packaged Single Zone Heat Pump (air to air only)
PSZHP
5
Variable Refrigerant Flow (air cooled only)
VRF
6
Four Pipe Fan Coil
FPFC
7
Water Source Heat Pump
WSHP
8
Ground Source Heat Pump
GSHP
9
Packaged Variable Air Volume (dx cooling)
PVAV
10
Variable Air Volume (hydronic cooling)
VAV
11
Variable Air Volume with Fan Powered Terminal Units
VAVFPTU
12
Dedicated Outdoor Air System (in conjunction with systems 1-8)
DOAS
D601.11.2 Proposed building HVAC system simulation. The HVAC systems shall be modeled as in the proposed design with clarifications and simplifications as described in Table D601.11.2. System parameters not described in the following sections shall be simulated to meet the minimum requirements of Section C403. All zones within a block shall be served by the same HVAC system type as described in Section D601.2.1 item 2. Where multiple system components serve a block, average values weighed by the appropriate metric as described in this section shall be used. Heat loss from ducts and pipes shall not be modeled.
EXCEPTION:
Where the building permit applies to only a portion of an HVAC system and remaining components will be designed under a future building permit, the future components shall be modeled to meet, but not exceed, the requirements of Section C403.
Table D601.11.2
Proposed Building System Parameters
Category
Parameter
Fixed or User Defined
Required
Applicable Systems
HVAC System Type
System Type
User Defined
Selected from Table D601.11.1
All
System Sizing
Design Day Information
Fixed
99.6 percent heating design and 1 percent dry-bulb and 1 percent wet-bulb cooling design
All
Zone Coil Capacity
Fixed
Sizing factors used are 1.25 for heating equipment and 1.15 for cooling equipment
All
Supply Airflow
Fixed
Based on a supply-air-to-room-air temperature set-point difference of 20°F
1-11
Fixed
Equal to required outdoor air ventilation
12
Outdoor Ventilation Air
Outdoor Ventilation Air Flow Rate
Fixed
As specified in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Normative Appendix C, adjusted for proposed DCV control
All
System Operation
Space Temperature Setpoints
Fixed
As specified in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Normative Appendix C
1-11
Fan Operation - Occupied
User Defined
Runs continuously during occupied hours or cycled to meet load
1-11
Fan Operation - Occupied
Fixed
Fan runs continuously during occupied hours
12
Fan Operation -Night Cycle
Fixed
Fan cycles on to meet setback temperatures
1-11
Packaged Equipment Efficiency
DX Cooling Efficiency
User Defined
Cooling COP without fan energy calculated in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Section 11.5.2c.b
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
Heat Pump Efficiency
User Defined
Heating COP without fan energy calculated in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Section 11.5.2c.c
2, 4, 5, 7, 8
Furnace Efficiency
User Defined
Furnace thermal efficiencyc
3, 11
Heat Pump Supplemental Heat
Control
Fixed
Supplemental electric heat locked out above 40°F. Runs in conjunction with compressor between 40°F and 0°F.
2, 4
System Fan Power
Design Fan Power (W/cfm)
User Defined
Input electric power for all fans is required to operate at fan system design conditions divided by the supply airflow rate
All
Single Zone System Fan Power During Deadband (W/cfm)
User Defined
W/cfm during deadband for VAV or multispeed single zone fans
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Variable Air Volume Systems
Part Load Fan Controls
User Defined
VFD included. User specifies presence of static pressure reset
9, 10, 11
Supply Air Temperature Controls
User Defined
If not SAT reset constant at 55°F. SAT reset results in 60°F SAT during low load conditions
9, 10, 11
Minimum Terminal Unit Airflow Percentage
User Defined
Average minimum terminal unit airflow percentage for block weighted by cfm
9, 10, 11
Terminal Unit Heating Source
User Defined
Electric or hydronic
9, 10, 11
Fan Powered Terminal Unit (FPTU) Type
User Defined
Series or parallel FPTU
11
Parallel FPTU Fan
Fixed
Sized for 50 percent peak primary air at 0.35 W/cfm
11
Series FPTU Fan
Fixed
Sized for 50 percent peak primary air at 0.35 W/cfm
11
Economizer
Economizer Presence
User Defined
Yes or No
3, 4, 9, 10, 11
Economizer High Limit
Fixed
75°F fixed dry-bulb
3, 4, 9, 10, 11
Energy Recovery
Sensible Effectiveness
User Defined
Heat exchanger sensible effectiveness at design heating and cooling conditions
3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
Latent Effectiveness
User Defined
Heat exchanger latent effectiveness at design heating and cooling conditions
3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
Economizer Bypass
User Defined
If ERV is bypassed during economizer conditions
3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
Energy Recovery Temp Control
User Defined
If bypass, target supply air temperature
3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
Fan Power Reduction during Bypass (W/cfm)
User Defined
If ERV system include bypass, static pressure setpoint and variable speed fan, fan power can be reduced during economizer conditions
3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
Demand Controlled Ventilation
DCV Application
User Defined
Percent of block floor area under DCV control
3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
DOAS
DOAS Fan Power W/cfm
User Defined
Fan input power in W/cfm of supply airflowa
12
DOAS Supplemental Heating and Cooling
User Defined
Heating source, cooling source
12
DOAS Supply Air Temperature Control
User Defined
SAT setpoint if DOAS includes supplemental heating or cooling and active temperature controls
12
Heating Plant
Boiler Efficiencyd
User Defined
Boiler thermal efficiency
1, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
Heating Water Pump Power (W/gpm)
User Defined
Pump input W/gpm heating water flow
1, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
Heating Water Loop Temperature
Fixed
180°F supply, 130°F return
1, 6, 9, 10,11
Chilled Water Plant
Chiller Compressor Type
User Defined
Screw/scroll, centrifugal or reciprocating
6,10, 11, 12
Chiller Condenser Type
User Defined
Air cooled or water cooled
6, 10, 11, 12
Chiller Full Load Efficiencyd
User Defined
Chiller COP
6, 10, 11, 12
Chilled Water Loop Configuration
User Defined
Variable flow primary only, constant flow primary - variable flow secondary
6, 10, 11, 12
Chilled Water Pump Power (W/gpm)
User Defined
Pump input W/gpm chilled water flow
6, 10, 11, 12
Chilled Water Temperature Reset Included
User Defined
Yes/No
6, 10, 11, 12
Chilled Water Temperature Reset Schedule (if included)
Fixed
Outdoor air reset: CHW supply temperature of 44°F at 80°F outdoor air dry-bulb and above, CHW supply temperature of 54°F at 60°F outdoor air dry-bulb temperature and below, ramped linearly between
6, 10, 11, 12
Condenser Water Pump Power (W/gpm)
User Defined
Pump input W/gpm condenser water flow
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Condenser Water Pump Control
User Defined
Constant speed or variable speed
6, 7, 10, 11, 12
Cooling Tower Efficiency
User Defined
gpm/hp tower fan
6, 10, 11, 12
Cooling Tower
Cooling Tower Fan Control
User Defined
Constant or variable speed
6, 10, 11, 12
Cooling Tower Approach and Range
User Defined
Design cooling tower approach and range temperature
6, 10, 11, 12
Heat Pump Loop Flow Control
Loop Flow and Heat Pump Control Valve
Fixed
Two position valve with VFD on pump. Loop flow at 3 gpm/ton
7, 8
Heat Pump Loop Temperature Control
 
Fixed
Set to maintain temperature between 50°F and 70°F
7
GLHP Well Field
 
Fixed
Bore depth = 250 feet
Bore length 200 feet/ton for greater of cooling or heating load
Bore spacing = 15 feet
Bore diameter = 5 inches
3/4 inch Polyethylene pipe
Ground and grout conductivity = 4.8 Btu-in/h-ft2-°F
8
a Where multiple fan systems serve a single block, fan power is based on weighted average using on supply air cfm.
b Where multiple cooling systems serve a single block, COP is based on a weighted average using cooling capacity.
c Where multiple heating systems serve a single block, thermal efficiency or heating COP is based on a weighted average using heating capacity.
d Where multiple boilers or chillers serve a heating water or chilled water loop, efficiency is based on a weighted average for using heating or cooling capacity.
D602 Simulation of the standard reference design. The standard reference design shall be configured and analyzed as specified in this section.
D602.1 Utility rates. Same as proposed.
D602.2 Blocks. Same as proposed.
D602.3 Thermal zoning. Same as proposed.
D602.4 Occupancy type, schedule, density, and heat gain. Same as proposed.
D602.5 Envelope components. Same as proposed.
D602.6 Lighting. Same as proposed.
D602.7 Miscellaneous equipment. Same as proposed.
D602.8 Elevators. Not modeled. Same as proposed.
D602.9 Service water heating equipment. Not modeled. Same as proposed.
D602.10 On-site renewable energy systems. Not modeled. Same as proposed.
D602.11 HVAC equipment. The standard reference design HVAC equipment consists of separate space conditioning systems and dedicated outside air systems as described in Table D602.11 for the appropriate building occupancies.
Table D602.11
Standard Reference Design HVAC Systems
Parameter
Building Type
Large Officea
Small Office and Librariesa
Retail
School
System Type
Water-source Heat Pump
Packaged air-source Heat Pump
Packaged air-source Heat Pump
Packaged air-source Heat Pump
Fan Controlb
Cycle on Load
Cycle on Load
Cycle on Load
Cycle on Load
Space Condition Fan Power (W/cfm)
0.528
0.528
0.522
0.528
Heating/Cooling Sizing Factorc
1.25/1.15
1.25/1.15
1.25/1.15
1.25/1.15
Supplemental Heating Availability
NA
<40°F
<40°F
<40°F
Modeled cooling COP (Net of Fan) d
4.46
3.83
4.25
3.83
Modeled heating COP (Net of Fan) d
4.61
3.81
3.57
3.81
Cooling Source
DX (Heat Pump)
DX (Heat Pump)
DX (Heat Pump)
DX (Heat Pump)
Heat Source
Heat Pump
Heat Pump
Heat Pump
Heat Pump
OSA Economizere
No
No
Yes
Yes
Occupied Ventilation Sourcef
DOAS
DOAS
DOAS
DOAS
DOAS Fan Power
(W/cfm of Outside Air)
0.819
0.819
0.730
0.742
DOAS Temperature Control g, h
Bypass
Wild
Bypass
Bypass
ERV Efficiency (Sensible Only)
70 percent
70 percent
70 percent
70 percent
WSHP Loop Heat Rejection
Cooling Toweri
NA
NA
NA
WSHP Loop Heat Source
Gas Boiler j
NA
NA
NA
WSHP Loop Temperature Controlk
50°F to 70°F
NA
NA
NA
WSHP Circulation Pump W/gpml
16
NA
NA
NA
WSHP Loop Pumping Controlm
HP Valves & Pump VSD
NA
NA
NA
a Offices less than 50,000 square feet use "Small Office" parameters; otherwise use "Large Office" parameters.
b Space conditioning system shall cycle on to meet heating and cooling setpoint schedules as specified in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Normative Appendix C. One space conditioning system is modeled in each zone. Conditioning system fan operation is not necessary for ventilation delivery.
c The equipment capacities (i.e., system coil capacities) for the standard reference design building design shall be based on design day sizing runs and shall be oversized by 15 percent for cooling and 25 percent for heating.
d COPs shown are direct heating or cooling performance and do not include fan energy use. See ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G (G3.1.2.1) for separation of fan from COP in packaged equipment for units where the efficiency rating includes fan energy (e.g., SEER, EER, HSPF, COP).
e Economizer on space conditioning systems shall be simulated when outdoor air conditions allow free cooling. Economizer high limit shall be based on differential dry-bulb control. DOAS system continues to operate during economizer mode.
f Airflow equal to the outside air ventilation requirements is supplied and exhausted through a separate DOAS system including a supply fan, exhaust fan and sensible only heat exchanger. No additional heating or cooling shall be provided by the DOAS. A single DOAS system will be provided for each block. The DOAS supply and return fans shall run whenever the HVAC system is scheduled to operate in accordance with ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix C.
g "Wild" DOAS control indicates no active control of the supply air temperature leaving the DOAS system. Temperature will fluctuate based only on entering and leaving conditions and the effectiveness of ERV.
h "Bypass" DOAS control includes modulating dampers to bypass ERV with the intent to maintain supply air temperature at a maximum of 60°F when outside air is below 75°F. Once outside air is above 75°F, bypass dampers will be fully closed.
i Includes a single axial fan cooling tower with variable speed fans at 40.2 gpm/hp, sized for an approach of 10°F and a range of 10°F.
j Includes a single natural draft boiler with 80 percent Et.
k Loop boiler and heat rejection shall be controlled to maintain loop temperature entering heat pumps between 50°F and 70°F.
l Pump motor input power shall be 16 W/gpm.
m Loop flow shall be variable with variable speed drive pump and unit fluid flow shutoff at each heat pump when its compressor cycles off.