AN
ACT Relating to buildable lands; amending RCW 36.70A.110 and 43.62.035; adding
a new chapter to Title 36 RCW; and creating new sections.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE
LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 1. (1)
The legislature finds and declares land use planning needs to ensure that an
adequate supply of land appropriate for development is actually available for
development. Land use planning that restricts the supply of developable land
tends to cause land prices to rise, making affordable housing impossible and
economic growth difficult.
(2)
Comprehensive plans and development regulations may identify undeveloped land
for particular uses. However, those uses may never be realized and the
assumption that land will actually be used for such purposes may be misplaced.
(3)
The legislature finds and declares local governments planning under chapter
36.70A RCW need to analyze whether sufficient available land for development
exists in order to provide for both residential and nonresidential needs of the
population in those jurisdictions. Merely regulating land so as to allow for
the development is insufficient. Specifically, local jurisdictions planning
under chapter 36.70A RCW must inventory lands available for development and
adjust plans or development regulations if insufficient land is available to
meet the population projections for the following twenty years.
Sec.
2. RCW
36.70A.110 and 1995 c 400 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:
(1)
Each county that is required or chooses to plan under RCW 36.70A.040 shall
designate an urban growth area or areas within which urban growth shall be
encouraged and outside of which growth can occur only if it is not urban in
nature. Each city that is located in such a county shall be included within an
urban growth area. An urban growth area may include more than a single city.
An urban growth area may include territory that is located outside of a city
only if such territory already is characterized by urban growth whether or not
the urban growth area includes a city, or is adjacent to territory already
characterized by urban growth, or is a designated new fully contained community
as defined by RCW 36.70A.350.
(2)
Based upon the growth management population projection made for the county by
the office of financial management, the ((urban growth areas in the))
county and the city within the county shall include areas and densities within
urban growth areas sufficient to permit the urban growth that is projected
to occur in the county or city for the succeeding twenty-year period.
Each urban growth area shall permit urban densities and shall include greenbelt
and open space areas. An urban growth area determination may include a reasonable
land market supply factor and shall permit a range of urban densities and
uses. In determining this market factor, cities and counties may consider
local circumstances. Cities and counties have discretion in their
comprehensive plans to make many choices about accommodating growth.
Within
one year of July 1, 1990, each county that as of June 1, 1991, was required or
chose to plan under RCW 36.70A.040, shall begin consulting with each city
located within its boundaries and each city shall propose the location of an
urban growth area. Within sixty days of the date the county legislative
authority of a county adopts its resolution of intention or of certification by
the office of financial management, all other counties that are required or
choose to plan under RCW 36.70A.040 shall begin this consultation with each
city located within its boundaries. The county shall attempt to reach
agreement with each city on the location of an urban growth area within which
the city is located. If such an agreement is not reached with each city
located within the urban growth area, the county shall justify in writing why
it so designated the area an urban growth area. A city may object formally
with the department over the designation of the urban growth area within which
it is located. Where appropriate, the department shall attempt to resolve the
conflicts, including the use of mediation services.
(3)
Urban growth should be located first in areas already characterized by urban
growth that have adequate existing public facility and service capacities to
serve such development, second in areas already characterized by urban growth
that will be served adequately by a combination of both existing public
facilities and services and any additional needed public facilities and
services that are provided by either public or private sources, and third in
the remaining portions of the urban growth areas. Urban growth may also be
located in designated new fully contained communities as defined by RCW
36.70A.350.
(4)
In general, cities are the units of local government most appropriate to
provide urban governmental services. In general, it is not appropriate that
urban governmental services be extended to or expanded in rural areas except in
those limited circumstances shown to be necessary to protect basic public
health and safety and the environment and when such services are financially
supportable at rural densities and do not permit urban development.
(5)
On or before October 1, 1993, each county that was initially required to plan
under RCW 36.70A.040(1) shall adopt development regulations designating interim
urban growth areas under this chapter. Within three years and three months of
the date the county legislative authority of a county adopts its resolution of
intention or of certification by the office of financial management, all other
counties that are required or choose to plan under RCW 36.70A.040 shall adopt
development regulations designating interim urban growth areas under this
chapter. Adoption of the interim urban growth areas may only occur after
public notice; public hearing; and compliance with the state environmental
policy act, chapter 43.21C RCW, and RCW 36.70A.110. Such action may be
appealed to the appropriate growth management hearings board under RCW
36.70A.280. Final urban growth areas shall be adopted at the time of
comprehensive plan adoption under this chapter.
(6)
Each county shall include designations of urban growth areas in its
comprehensive plan.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 3. This
chapter applies to counties planning under RCW 36.70A.040, and the cities
within those counties, that had a population greater than one hundred fifty
thousand in 1995 as determined by the office of financial management population
projection and that are located west of the crest of the Cascade mountain
range.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 4.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this section
apply throughout this chapter.
(1)
"Lands available for development" are lands that are suitable for
development and likely to be on the market within the time period provided in
RCW 36.70A.110. "Lands available for development" include both
vacant land and developed land likely to be redeveloped. Land that is
developed with a building currently occupied and determined habitable by the
local jurisdiction with an assessed value greater than the assessed value of
the land on which the building is located may not be considered developed land
likely to be redeveloped.
(2)
"City" means any city or town, including a code city.
(3)
"Suitable for development" means the lands:
(a)
Are not within any critical area or governed by any development regulation
designed to protect critical areas adopted under RCW 36.70A.060, regardless of
whether any development may occur on the lands;
(b)
Are serviced by all public facilities necessary for development or needed
public facilities are provided for in the capital facilities element of the
county or city's comprehensive plan adopted under RCW 36.70A.070 within the
following five years; and
(c)
May be developed without causing the level of service on a transportation
facility to decline below the standards adopted in the transportation element
of the comprehensive plan.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 5. (1)
A comprehensive plan must provide sufficient lands available for development
within the urban growth areas established under RCW 36.70A.110 to accommodate
estimated residential and nonresidential needs for the following twenty years.
(2)
Beginning with the next periodic review under RCW 36.70A.130 or any other
review of an urban growth area or comprehensive plan, but at least by July 1,
1999, a county shall:
(a)
Inventory the supply of lands available for development within the urban growth
area;
(b)
Determine the density and type of development likely to occur on lands
inventoried under (a) of this subsection, by considering all regulations
applicable to the lands and the market for land available for development;
(c)
Determine the actual residential density and the actual intensity and amount of
land developed for nonresidential uses which have occurred within the urban
growth area since the last periodic review or five years, whichever is greater;
(d)
Conduct an analysis of housing need by type and density range to determine the
amount of land needed for each needed housing type for the next twenty years;
(e)
Conduct an analysis of nonresidential development needed to serve the
commercial, office, retail, industrial, and public service and facility needs
of the population for the next twenty years; and
(f)
Compare the inventory in (a), (b), and (c) of this subsection with the needs
determined in (d) and (e) of this subsection.
(3)
If the determination required by subsection (2) of this section indicates the
urban growth area does not contain sufficient lands available for development
to accommodate projected needs for twenty years at the actual developed density
that has occurred since the last periodic review, the county shall take one or
more of the following actions:
(a)
Amend its urban growth area to include sufficient land available for
development to accommodate projected needs for twenty years at the actual
developed density during the period since the last periodic review or within
the last five years, whichever is greater. As a part of this process, the
amendment shall include sufficient land reasonably necessary to accommodate the
siting of new public school facilities;
(b)
Amend its comprehensive plan or development regulations to include new,
incentive-based measures that demonstrably increase the likelihood that
development will occur at densities sufficient to accommodate the projected
needs for twenty years without expansion of the urban growth area; or
(c)
Any combination of actions in (a) or (b) of this subsection.
(4)
A county that adopts incentive-based measures under subsection (3)(b) of this
section must monitor and record the level of development activity and
development density following the date of the adoption of the new measures. If
the monitoring shows that development has not occurred at densities sufficient
to accommodate the project needs, the county must, at its next review under
subsection (2) of this section, amend its urban growth area as provided in
subsection (3)(a) of this section.
(5)
If the determination required by subsection (2) of this section indicates the
urban growth area within a city does not contain sufficient lands available for
development to accommodate residential and nonresidential needs for twenty
years at the actual developed density that has occurred since the last periodic
review, the city shall amend its comprehensive plan or development regulations
to include new, incentive-based measures that demonstrably increase the
likelihood that development will occur at densities sufficient to accommodate
projected needs for twenty years without expansion of the urban growth area. A
city that takes this action must monitor and record the level of development
activity and development density following the date of the adoption of the new
measures.
(6)
Amendments must comply with the requirements of chapter 36.70A RCW.
(7)
In establishing that actions and measures adopted under subsections (3) and (5)
of this section demonstrably increase the likelihood of higher density
development, the county or city shall at a minimum ensure that land zoned for
development is in locations appropriate for the types of development identified
under subsection (2) of this section and is zoned at density ranges that are
likely to be achieved by the market using the analysis in subsection (2) of
this section. Actions or incentive-based measures, or both, must be adopted as
part of development regulations, must be available to all applicable properties
within the zone, must not be negotiated on a case-by-case basis, and may
include, but are not limited to:
(a)
Financial incentives for higher density development, including, but not limited
to removal of fees associated with development;
(b)
Removal or easing of approval standards or procedures;
(c)
Redevelopment and infill strategies; and
(d)
Authorization of housing types not previously allowed by the comprehensive plan
or development regulations.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 6. (1) A
county shall annually update the inventory and determinations required by
section 5(2) of this act.
(2)
At least every five years after the first inventory, determinations, and steps
required under section 5 of this act:
(a)
A county shall take any steps required by section 5 (3) and (4) of this act;
and
(b)
A city shall take any steps required by section 5(5) of this act.
Sec.
7. RCW
43.62.035 and 1995 c 162 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
The
office of financial management shall determine the population of each county of
the state annually as of April 1st of each year and on or before July 1st of
each year shall file a certificate with the secretary of state showing its
determination of the population for each county. The office of financial
management also shall determine the percentage increase in population for each
county over the preceding ten-year period, as of April 1st, and shall file a
certificate with the secretary of state by July 1st showing its determination.
At least once every ((ten)) five years beginning in 2001
the office of financial management shall prepare twenty-year growth management
planning population projections required by RCW 36.70A.110 for each county that
adopts a comprehensive plan under RCW 36.70A.040 and shall review these
projections with such counties and the cities in those counties before final
adoption. The county and its cities may provide to the office such information
as they deem relevant to the office's projection, and the office shall consider
and comment on such information before adoption. Each projection shall be
expressed as a reasonable range developed within the standard state high and
low projection. The middle range shall represent the office's estimate of the
most likely population projection for the county. If any city or county
believes that a projection will not accurately reflect actual population growth
in a county, it may petition the office to revise the projection accordingly.
The office shall complete the first set of ranges for every county by December
31, 1995.
A comprehensive
plan adopted or amended before December 31, 1995, shall not be considered to be
in noncompliance with the twenty-year growth management planning population
projection if the projection used in the comprehensive plan is in compliance
with the range later adopted under this section.
NEW
SECTION. Sec. 8.
Sections 1, 3, 4, and 6 of this act constitute a new chapter in Title 36 RCW to
be codified to follow chapter 36.70C RCW.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 9. If
specific funding for the purposes of this act, referencing this act by bill or
chapter number, is not provided by June 30, 1997, in the omnibus appropriations
act, this act is null and void.
