HOUSE BILL ANALYSIS
E2SSB 6400
Brief Description: Changing provisions relating to domestic violence.
Sponsors: Senators Wojahn and Costa.
Hearing: February 18, 2000.
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND CORRECTIONS
BACKGROUND:
There are several types of orders a court may grant that restrict a person's ability to have contact with another: (1) protection orders; (2) no-contact orders; (3) restraining orders; and (4) foreign protection orders.
Protection Orders
Protection orders can be issued by a court in civil proceedings. There are two types of protection orders authorized by statute: domestic violence protection orders and anti-harassment protection orders.
Domestic Violence Protection Orders- A victim of domestic violence can obtain a domestic violence protection order against a respondent. The order can provide several types of relief including electronic monitoring, batterer's treatment, and a requirement that the respondent refrain from contacting the petitioner. A petitioner can obtain a temporary ex parte domestic violence protection order under certain circumstances. Violation of a domestic violence protection order is a gross misdemeanor unless the respondent has two prior convictions for violating a domestic violence protection order or other similar federal or out-of-state order, in which case the violation is a class C felony.
A court can grant a domestic violence protection order in a proceeding convened specifically for that purpose. A court can also grant a domestic violence protection order as part of a divorce proceeding, a non-parental action for child custody, or a paternity action. A domestic violence protection order issued in a proceeding, convened specifically for that purpose, restrains the respondent from having contact with his or her minor children may not last more than one year. If the court finds that the respondent would resume acts of domestic violence after the order expires, the order may last more than a year.
No-Contact Orders
No-contact orders can be issued by a court in a criminal proceeding. No-contact orders are generally issued by the court when a defendant is released from custody prior to trial or as part of the defendant's sentence. There are two types of prosecutions for which no-contact orders are statutorily authorized: prosecutions for criminal harassment and prosecutions for crimes involving domestic violence.
Domestic Violence No-Contact Orders- A law enforcement officer must enforce a no-contact order issued as part of a prosecution for a crime involving domestic violence. Violation of such a no-contact order is a gross misdemeanor, unless the defendant has two previous convictions for violating a domestic violence protection order or other similar federal or out-of-state order, in which case the violation is a class C felony.
Restraining Orders
As part of a civil proceeding, a court may also issue a restraining order that enjoins the person subject to the order from contacting another party. Such restraining orders can be permanent or temporary. A court can grant a permanent or temporary restraining order as part of a divorce proceeding, a non-parental action for child custody, an action involving the abuse of a child or an adult dependent person, or a paternity action. A court can grant a temporary restraining order (and not a permanent restraining order) in connection with proceedings where there has been allegations of abuse of a child or a dependent adult person.
A violation of a restraining order issued as part of a divorce proceeding or an action involving the abuse of a child or an adult person is a misdemeanor. A violation of a restraining order issued as part of a non-parental action for child custody or a paternity action is a gross misdemeanor.
Foreign Protection Orders
A foreign protection order is an injunction or similar order relating to domestic violence, harassment, sexual abuse, or stalking issued by a court of another state, territory, or possession of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, a United States military tribunal, or a tribal court. A violation of a foreign protection order is generally a gross misdemeanor, but becomes a class C felony in the following three circumstances: (1) the violation is an assault that does not amount to assault in the first‑ or second‑degree; (2) the violation involved conduct that is reckless and creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to another person; or (3) the offender has at least two prior convictions for violating the provisions of a no‑contact order, a domestic violence protection order, or a comparable federal or out‑of‑state order.
Judicial Information System (JIS)
A computerized JIS is available in each district, municipal, and superior court which is used to help prevent the issuance of competing protection orders in different courts and to give courts needed information for issuance of orders. The system includes the names of the parties and the case number for every domestic violence protection order issued, criminal no-contact order issued, and every restraining order that is issued as part of a divorce proceeding and a non-parental actions for child custody. The system does not contain foreign protection orders, orders issued on behalf of vulnerable adults, or restraining orders issued as part of paternity actions, an action involving the abuse of a child or an adult dependent person.
SUMMARY OF BILL:
Courts are authorized to issue court orders prohibiting specific parties from knowingly coming within or knowingly remaining within a specified distance of another party or a particular location. A police officer shall arrest any person who violates the restraint or exclusion provisions of a court order relating to domestic violence.
In addition, effective July 1, 2000, violations of no-contact orders, foreign protection orders, and restraining orders will be subject to the violation penalties applied to domestic violence protection orders issued as part of civil proceedings. In determining whether a violation occurred, the court must consider the totality of the circumstances. It is an affirmative defense that the person charged with violating an order did not initiate the contact with the person protected by the order and did not unreasonably continue the contact.
A violation of a domestic violence protection order is a gross misdemeanor unless the respondent has two prior convictions for violating an order, in which case the violation is a class C felony. Felony violations of domestic violence protections orders will continue to be ranked as a seriousness level V on the sentencing grid.
Protection Orders
When determining whether to grant a domestic violence protection order, the courts are authorized to prohibit the parties from knowingly coming within or knowingly remaining within a specified distance of another party or a specific location.
No-Contact Orders
The penalties for violating a no-contact order issued during pre-trail or as part of a sentence are removed from the criminal domestic violence statute. The penalties are moved to a new section of law in order to consolidate all violations of domestic violence orders in a more uniform structure. As a result, violations of no-contact orders are subject to the same penalties applied to domestic violence protection orders.
Restraining Orders
When determining whether to grant a temporary or a permanent restraining order, as part of a divorce proceeding, a non-parental action for child custody, or a paternity action, the courts are authorized to prohibit the parties from knowingly coming within or remaining within a specified distance of another party or a specific location.
The penalties for violating the restraint and exclusion provisions of a restraining order issued as part of a divorce proceeding, a non-parental action for child custody, or a paternity action, are moved to a new section of law in order to consolidate all violations of domestic violence orders in a more uniform structure. Violations of restraining orders are subject to the same penalties applied to domestic violence protection orders. As a result of this move, a violation of a restraining order issued as part of a divorce proceeding is increased from a misdemeanor to a gross misdemeanor unless the respondent has two prior convictions for violating an order, in which case the violation is a class C felony.
Foreign Protection Orders
The penalties for violating the restraint and exclusion provisions of a foreign protection order are removed from the Foreign Protection Order Full Faith and Credit Act. The penalties are hence moved to a new section of law in order to consolidate all violations of domestic violence orders in a more uniform structure. Violations of foreign protection orders are subject to the same penalties applied to domestic violence protection orders.
Judicial Information System
All foreign protection orders and orders issued for protection of vulnerable adults must be entered in the Judicial Information System. When a guardian or the Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) has petitioned for relief on behalf of a vulnerable adult, then the name of the vulnerable adult must be included in the database as a party rather than the guardian or the department.
Vulnerable Adults- The DSHS, may seek a domestic violence protection order from the courts on behalf of and with the consent of any vulnerable adult. A vulnerable adult is defined as any person 60 years or older who has the functional, mental, or physical inability to care for himself/herself. Vulnerable adults include anyone who is developmentally disabled, who is living in a boarding home, nursing home, adult family home, residential facility, or other licensed facility or a person receiving services from a home health, hospice, or a licensed home care agency.
The courts are authorized to issue an order of protection issued on behalf of a vulnerable adult that prohibits the respondent from knowingly coming within or knowingly remaining within a specified distance from a specified location or person. An order of protection issued on behalf of a vulnerable adult must include notice of the criminal penalties imposed for violating the restraint provisions of the court order.
Definition- The definition of domestic violence includes violations of court orders relating to domestic violence in all types of proceedings.
Mandatory Fines- A mandatory fine of $500 for gross misdemeanors and $250 for misdemeanors, must be imposed on any offender convicted of a domestic violence crime in district or municipal court. The court must remit the assessments imposed and collected to the city or county treasurer accordingly. The city or county treasurer must remit fifty percent of the funds to the state treasurer for deposit in the public safety and education account. The remaining fifty percent of the funds received must be retained by the city or county for the purposes of reimbursing the city or county for the costs associated with implementing this act. Effective immediately, the mandatory fines apply to violations of all court orders regardless of the date the court issued the order.
Department of Social & Health Services- The DSHS is authorized to contract with public or private non-profit groups or organizations with experience and expertise in the field of domestic violence. These groups must develop and provide advocacy, community education, and specialized services to under-served victims of domestic violence.
In addition, the department must periodically evaluate domestic violence perpetrator programs, previously approved for court referral to determine whether they are in compliance with existing standards.
FISCAL NOTE: Requested on February 10, 2000.
EFFECTIVE DATE: Ninety days after adjournment of a session in which bill is passed.