"NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1   The legislature recognizes that the state and local governmental entities engage in diverse and widespread activities touching virtually every aspect of life within the state rendering the state and local governmental entities inherently different from private tort feasors. Unlike private persons who can choose to avoid activities with a risk of liability, the state and local governmental entities must engage in activities that are unique to government and carry inherent risks of injury. It is in the public interest to encourage timely efforts to eliminate or reduce such risks in order to prevent injury. Based on the public interest as stated in this section, and the inherent differences between public and private liability, and pursuant to Article II, section 26 of the state Constitution, in any action created by this act, the liability of the state or any local governmental entity that is party to such proceeding shall be joint and several, except that upon a demonstration by the state or local governmental entity satisfactory to the court that risks inherent to its activity have been identified and actions taken to prevent, eliminate, or reduce such risks, as specified in this act, the liability of the state or any local governmental entity shall be several only.

Sec. 2   RCW 4.20.020 and 2007 c 156 s 29 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) Every ((such)) action under RCW 4.20.010 shall be for the benefit of the ((wife, husband)) spouse, state registered domestic partner, ((child)) or children, including stepchildren, of the person whose death shall have been so caused. If there ((be)) is no ((wife, husband)) spouse, state registered domestic partner, or ((such)) child ((or children, such)), the action may be maintained for the benefit of: (a) The parents((,)) of a deceased adult child if the parents are financially dependent upon the adult child for support or if the parents have had significant involvement in the adult child's life; or (b) an individual who is the sole beneficiary of the decedent's life insurance and has had significant involvement in the decedent's life. If there is no spouse, state registered domestic partner, child, parent, or such life insurance beneficiary, the action may be maintained for the benefit of sisters((,)) or brothers((,)) who ((may be)) are financially dependent upon the deceased person for support((, and who are resident within the United States at the time of his death)).
     In every such action the jury may ((give such)) award economic and noneconomic damages as((,)) under all circumstances of the case((,)) may to them seem just.
     (2)(a) Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, the liability of state or local governmental entities named as parties to a wrongful death action in which the deceased person was not at fault shall be joint and several with all other defendants in accordance with RCW 4.22.070.
     (b)(i) In an action brought on behalf of a beneficiary under subsection (1)(a) or (b) of this section in which the deceased person was not at fault, the state or local governmental entity may raise as an affirmative defense that its liability for damages be limited to its proportional share as determined by the trier of fact. The court shall, as part of the judgment, limit the state or local governmental entity's liability for damages to its proportional share if, before the incident resulting in a death occurred, the trier of fact concludes that the state or local governmental entity recognized the risk or risks inherent to the activity or condition causing death and acted in good faith to eliminate or reduce the inherent risk or risks.
     (ii) Evidence of action to eliminate or reduce the inherent risk or risks includes, but is not limited to, adoption of a risk management policy designed to prevent, eliminate, or reduce the inherent risk or risks, combined with significant steps taken to address the inherent risk or risks.
     (3) For the purposes of this section:
     (a) "Financially dependent for support" means substantial dependence based on the receipt of services that have an economic or monetary value, or substantial dependence based on actual monetary payments or contributions;
     (b) "Significant involvement" means demonstrated support of an emotional, psychological, or financial nature within the relationship, at or reasonably near the time of death, or at or reasonably near the time of the incident causing death; and
     (c) "Local governmental entity" has the same meaning as in RCW 4.96.010.

Sec. 3   RCW 4.20.046 and 1993 c 44 s 1 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) All causes of action by a person or persons against another person or persons shall survive to the personal representatives of the former and against the personal representatives of the latter, whether such actions arise on contract or otherwise, and whether or not such actions would have survived at the common law or prior to the date of enactment of this section((: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, That)).
     (2) In addition to recovering economic losses, the personal representative ((shall only be)) is entitled to recover on behalf of those beneficiaries identified under RCW 4.20.020 any noneconomic damages for pain and suffering, anxiety, emotional distress, or humiliation, personal to and suffered by ((a)) the deceased ((on behalf of those beneficiaries enumerated in RCW 4.20.020, and such)) in such amounts as determined by a jury to be just under all the circumstances of the case. Damages under this section are recoverable regardless of whether or not the death was occasioned by the injury that is the basis for the action.
     (3) The liability of property of a husband and wife held by them as community property and subject to execution in satisfaction of a claim enforceable against such property so held shall not be affected by the death of either or both spouses; and a cause of action shall remain an asset as though both claiming spouses continued to live despite the death of either or both claiming spouses.
     (((2))) (4) Where death or an injury to person or property, resulting from a wrongful act, neglect or default, occurs simultaneously with or after the death of a person who would have been liable therefor if his death had not occurred simultaneously with such death or injury or had not intervened between the wrongful act, neglect or default and the resulting death or injury, an action to recover damages for such death or injury may be maintained against the personal representative of such person.

Sec. 4   RCW 4.20.060 and 2007 c 156 s 30 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) No action for a personal injury to any person occasioning death shall abate, nor shall such right of action ((determine)) terminate, by reason of ((such)) the death((,)) if ((such)) the person has a surviving ((spouse, state registered domestic partner, or child living, including stepchildren, or leaving no surviving spouse, state registered domestic partner, or such children, if there is dependent upon the deceased for support and resident within the United States at the time of decedent's death, parents, sisters, or brothers; but such action may be prosecuted, or commenced and prosecuted, by the executor or administrator)) beneficiary in whose favor the action may be brought under subsection (2) of this section.
     (2) An action under this section shall be brought by the personal representative of the deceased((,)) in favor of ((such)) the surviving spouse or state registered domestic partner, ((or in favor of the surviving spouse or state registered domestic partner)) and ((such)) children((, or if)). If there is no surviving spouse ((or)), state registered domestic partner, ((in favor of such child)) or children, ((or if no surviving spouse, state registered domestic partner, or such child or children, then)) the action shall be brought in favor of the decedent's: (a) Parents((,)) if the parents are financially dependent upon the decedent for support or if the parents have had significant involvement in the decedent's life; or (b) sole beneficiary under a life insurance policy, if the beneficiary is an individual who had a significant involvement in the decedent's life. If there is no surviving spouse, state registered domestic partner, child, parent, or such life insurance beneficiary, the action shall be brought in favor of the decedent's sisters((,)) or brothers who ((may be)) are financially dependent upon ((such person)) the decedent for support((, and resident in the United States at the time of decedent's death)).
     (3) In addition to recovering economic losses, the persons identified in subsection (2) of this section are entitled to recover any noneconomic damages personal to and suffered by the decedent including, but not limited to, damages for the decedent's pain and suffering, anxiety, emotional distress, or humiliation, in such amounts as determined by a jury to be just under all the circumstances of the case.
     (4) For the purposes of this section:
     (a) "Financially dependent for support" means substantial dependence based on the receipt of services that have an economic or monetary value, or substantial dependence based on actual monetary payments or contributions;
     (b) "Significant involvement" means demonstrated support of an emotional, psychological, or financial nature within the relationship, at or reasonably near the time of death, or at or reasonably near the time of the incident causing death; and
     (c) "Local governmental entity" has the same meaning as in RCW 4.96.010.
     (5)(a) Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, the liability of state or local governmental entities named as parties to a wrongful death action in which the deceased person was not at fault shall be joint and several with all other defendants in accordance with RCW 4.22.070.
     (b)(i) In an action brought on behalf of a beneficiary under subsection (2)(a) or (b) of this section in which the deceased person was not at fault, the state or local governmental entity may raise as an affirmative defense that its liability for damages be limited to its proportional share as determined by the trier of fact. The court shall, as part of the judgment, limit the state or local governmental entity's liability for damages to its proportional share if, before the incident resulting in a death occurred, the trier of fact concludes that the state or local governmental entity recognized the risk or risks inherent to the activity or condition causing death and acted in good faith to eliminate or reduce the inherent risk or risks.
     (ii) Evidence of action to eliminate or reduce the inherent risk or risks includes, but is not limited to, adoption of a risk management policy designed to prevent, eliminate, or reduce the inherent risk or risks, combined with significant steps taken to address the inherent risk or risks.

Sec. 5   RCW 4.24.010 and 1998 c 237 s 2 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) A ((mother or father, or both,)) parent who has regularly contributed to the support of his or her minor child, ((and the mother or father, or both, of a child on whom either, or both, are)) or a parent who is financially dependent on a child for support or who has had significant involvement in a child's life may maintain or join ((as a party)) an action as plaintiff for the injury or death of the child.
     (2) Each parent, separately from the other parent, is entitled to recover for his or her own loss regardless of marital status, even though this section creates only one cause of action((, but if the parents of the child are not married, are separated, or not married to each other damages may be awarded to each plaintiff separately, as the trier of fact finds just and equitable)).
     (3) If one parent brings an action under this section and the other parent is not named as a plaintiff, notice of the institution of the suit, together with a copy of the complaint, shall be served upon the other parent: PROVIDED, That notice shall be required only if parentage has been duly established.
     Such notice shall be in compliance with the statutory requirements for a summons. Such notice shall state that the other parent must join as a party to the suit within twenty days or the right to recover damages under this section shall be barred. Failure of the other parent to timely appear shall bar such parent's action to recover any part of an award made to the party instituting the suit.
     (4) In ((such)) an action under this section, in addition to damages for medical, hospital, medication expenses, and loss of services and support, damages may be recovered for the loss of love and companionship of the child and for injury to or destruction of the parent-child relationship in such amount as, under all the circumstances of the case, may be just.
     (5) For the purposes of this section:
     (a) "Financially dependent for support" means substantial dependence based on the receipt of services that have an economic or monetary value, or substantial dependence based on actual monetary payments or contributions;
     (b) "Significant involvement" means demonstrated support of an emotional, psychological, or financial nature within the relationship, at or reasonably near the time of death, or at or reasonably near the time of the incident causing death; and
     (c) "Local governmental entity" has the same meaning as in RCW 4.96.010.
     (6)(a) Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, the liability of state or local governmental entities named as parties to a wrongful death action in which the deceased person was not at fault shall be joint and several with all other defendants in accordance with RCW 4.22.070.
     (b)(i) In an action under this section brought by a parent of a deceased adult child in which the deceased person was not at fault, the state or local governmental entity may raise as an affirmative defense that its liability for damages be limited to its proportional share as determined by the trier of fact. The court shall, as part of the judgment, limit the state or local governmental entity's liability for damages to its proportional share if, before the incident resulting in a death occurred, the trier of fact concludes that the state or local governmental entity recognized the risk or risks inherent to the activity or condition causing death and acted in good faith to eliminate or reduce the inherent risk or risks.
     (ii) Evidence of action to eliminate or reduce the inherent risk or risks includes, but is not limited to, adoption of a risk management policy designed to prevent, eliminate, or reduce the inherent risk or risks, combined with significant steps taken to address the inherent risk or risks.

Sec. 6   RCW 4.22.030 and 1986 c 305 s 402 are each amended to read as follows:
     Except as otherwise provided in RCW 4.22.070, 4.20.020, 4.20.060, and 4.24.010, if more than one person is liable to a claimant on an indivisible claim for the same injury, death or harm, the liability of such persons shall be joint and several.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 7   This act applies to all causes of action filed on or after the effective date of this act.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 8   (1) On December 1, 2009, and every December 1st thereafter, the risk management division within the office of financial management shall report to the house appropriations committee, the house state government and tribal affairs committee, the senate ways and means committee, and the senate government operations and elections committee, or successor committees, on the incidents covered by this act that involve state agencies.
     (2) On December 1, 2009, and every December 1st thereafter, each local government risk pool or local government risk management division, or the equivalent in local governments, shall report to the legislative body of the local government on the incidents covered by this act that involve the local government.
     (3) This section expires December 2, 2014."