Read first time 01/19/10.   Referred to Committee on Human Services & Corrections.

     AN ACT Relating to improving procedures relating to the commitment of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity; amending RCW 10.77.120, 10.77.150, 10.77.160, 10.77.190, and 10.77.200; adding new sections to chapter 10.77 RCW; creating a new section; and providing expiration dates.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 1   A new section is added to chapter 10.77 RCW to read as follows:
     (1) The secretary shall establish an independent public safety review panel for the purpose of advising the secretary and the courts with respect to persons who have been found not guilty by reason of insanity. The panel shall provide advice regarding all recommendations: (a) For a change in commitment status; (b) to allow furloughs or temporary leaves accompanied by staff; or (c) to permit movement about the grounds of the treatment facility, with or without the accompaniment of staff.
     (2) The members of the public safety review panel shall be appointed by the governor for a renewable term of three years and shall include the following:
     (a) A psychiatrist;
     (b) A licensed clinical psychologist;
     (c) A representative of the department of corrections;
     (d) A prosecutor or a representative of a prosecutor's association;
     (e) A representative of law enforcement or a law enforcement association;
     (f) A consumer and family advocate representative; and
     (g) A public defender or a representative of a defender's association.
     (3) Thirty days prior to issuing a recommendation for conditional release under RCW 10.77.150 or forty-five days prior to issuing a recommendation for release under RCW 10.77.200, the secretary shall submit its recommendation with the committed person's application and the department's risk assessment to the public safety review panel. The public safety review panel shall complete an independent assessment of the public safety risk entailed by the secretary's proposed conditional release recommendation or release recommendation and provide this assessment in writing to the secretary. The public safety review panel may, within funds appropriated for this purpose, request additional evaluations of the committed person. The public safety review panel may indicate whether it is in agreement with the secretary's recommendation, or whether it would issue a different recommendation. The secretary shall provide the panel's assessment when it is received along with any supporting documentation, including all previous reports of evaluations of the committed person in the person's hospital record, to the court, prosecutor in the county that ordered the person's commitment, and counsel for the committed person.
     (4) The secretary shall notify the public safety review panel at appropriate intervals concerning any changes in the commitment or custody status of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity. The panel shall have access, upon request, to a committed person's complete hospital record.
     (5) The department shall provide administrative and financial support to the public safety review panel. The department, in consultation with the public safety review panel, may adopt rules to implement this section.
     (6) By December 1, 2014, the public safety review panel shall report to the appropriate legislative committees the following:
     (a) Whether the public safety review panel has observed a change in statewide consistency of evaluations and decisions concerning changes in the commitment status of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity;
     (b) Whether the public safety review panel should be given the authority to make release decisions and monitor release conditions;
     (c) Any other issues the public safety review panel deems relevant.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 2   A new section is added to chapter 10.77 RCW to read as follows:
     (1) If the secretary determines in writing that a person committed to the custody of the secretary for treatment as criminally insane presents an unreasonable safety risk which, based on behavior, clinical history, and facility security is not manageable in a state hospital setting, the secretary may place the person in any secure facility operated by the secretary or the secretary of the department of corrections. Any person affected by this provision shall receive appropriate mental health treatment governed by a formalized treatment plan targeted at mental health rehabilitation needs and shall be afforded his or her rights under RCW 10.77.140, 10.77.150, and 10.77.200. The secretary of the department of social and health services shall retain legal custody of any person placed under this section and review any placement outside of a department mental health hospital every three months, or sooner if warranted by the person's mental health status, to determine if the placement remains appropriate.
     (2) Beginning December 1, 2010, and every six months thereafter, the secretary shall report to the governor and the appropriate committees of the legislature regarding the use of the authority under this section to transfer persons to a secure facility. The report shall include information related to the number of persons who have been placed in a secure facility operated by the secretary or the secretary of the department of corrections, and the length of time that each such person has been in the secure facility.
     (3) This section expires June 30, 2015.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 3   (1) The Washington state institute for public policy shall, in collaboration with the department of social and health services and other applicable entities, undertake a search for validated mental health assessment tools in each of the following areas:
     (a) An assessment tool or combination of tools to be used by individuals performing court-ordered competency assessments and level of risk assessments of defendants pursuant to chapter 10.77 RCW; and
     (b) An assessment tool or combination of tools to be used by individuals developing recommendations to courts as to the appropriateness of conditional release from inpatient treatment of criminally insane patients pursuant to chapter 10.77 RCW.
     (2) This section expires June 30, 2011.

Sec. 4   RCW 10.77.120 and 2000 c 94 s 15 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) The secretary shall ((forthwith)) provide adequate care and individualized treatment to persons found criminally insane at one or several of the state institutions or facilities under ((his or her)) the direction and control ((wherein persons committed as criminally insane may be confined. Such persons shall be under the custody and control of the secretary to the same extent as are other persons who are committed to the secretary's custody, but such provision shall be made for their control, care, and treatment as is proper in view of their condition)) of the secretary. In order that the secretary may adequately determine the nature of the mental illness or developmental disability of the person committed ((to him or her)) as criminally insane, ((and in order for the secretary to place such individuals in a proper facility,)) all persons who are committed to the secretary as criminally insane shall be promptly examined by qualified personnel in ((such a manner as)) order to provide a proper evaluation and diagnosis of such individual. The examinations of all ((developmentally disabled)) persons with developmental disabilities committed under this chapter shall be performed by developmental disabilities professionals. Any person so committed shall not be released from the control of the secretary ((save upon the)) except by order of a court of competent jurisdiction made after a hearing and judgment of release.
     (2) Whenever there is a hearing which the committed person is entitled to attend, the secretary shall send ((him or her)) the person in the custody of one or more department employees to the county ((where)) in which the hearing is to be held at the time the case is called for trial. During the time the person is absent from the facility, ((he or she shall)) the person may be confined in a facility designated by and arranged for by the department, ((and)) but shall at all times be deemed to be in the custody of the department employee and provided necessary treatment. If the decision of the hearing remits the person to custody, the department employee shall ((forthwith)) return the person to such institution or facility designated by the secretary. If the state appeals an order of release, such appeal shall operate as a stay, and the person shall remain in custody ((shall so remain)) and be ((forthwith)) returned to the institution or facility designated by the secretary until a final decision has been rendered in the cause.

Sec. 5   RCW 10.77.150 and 1998 c 297 s 41 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) Persons examined pursuant to RCW 10.77.140 may make application to the secretary for conditional release. The secretary shall, after considering the reports of experts or professional persons conducting the examination pursuant to RCW 10.77.140, forward to the court of the county which ordered the person's commitment the person's application for conditional release as well as the secretary's recommendations concerning the application and any proposed terms and conditions upon which the secretary reasonably believes the person can be conditionally released. Conditional release may also contemplate partial release for work, training, or educational purposes.
     (2) In instances in which persons examined pursuant to RCW 10.77.140 have not made application to the secretary for conditional release, but the secretary, after considering the reports of experts or professional persons conducting the examination pursuant to RCW 10.77.140, reasonably believes the person may be conditionally released, the secretary may submit a recommendation for release to the court of the county that ordered the person's commitment. The secretary's recommendation must include any proposed terms and conditions upon which the secretary reasonably believes the person may be conditionally released. Conditional release may also include partial release for work, training, or educational purposes. Notice of the secretary's recommendation under this subsection must be provided to the person for whom the secretary has made the recommendation for release and to his or her attorney.
     (3)(a) The court of the county which ordered the person's commitment, upon receipt of an application or recommendation for conditional release with the secretary's recommendation for conditional release terms and conditions, shall within thirty days schedule a hearing. The court may schedule a hearing on applications recommended for disapproval by the secretary.
     (b) The prosecuting attorney shall represent the state at such hearings and shall have the right to have the patient examined by an expert or professional person of the prosecuting attorney's choice. If the committed person is indigent, and he or she so requests, the court shall appoint a qualified expert or professional person to examine the person on his or her behalf.
     (c) The issue to be determined at such a hearing is whether or not the person may be released conditionally without substantial danger to other persons, or substantial likelihood of committing criminal acts jeopardizing public safety or security.
     (d) The court, after the hearing, shall rule on the secretary's recommendations, and if it disapproves of conditional release, may do so only on the basis of substantial evidence. The court may modify the suggested terms and conditions on which the person is to be conditionally released. Pursuant to the determination of the court after hearing, the committed person shall thereupon be released on such conditions as the court determines to be necessary, or shall be remitted to the custody of the secretary. If the order of conditional release includes a requirement for the committed person to report to a community corrections officer, the order shall also specify that the conditionally released person shall be under the supervision of the secretary of corrections or such person as the secretary of corrections may designate and shall follow explicitly the instructions of the secretary of corrections including reporting as directed to a community corrections officer, remaining within prescribed geographical boundaries, and notifying the community corrections officer prior to making any change in the offender's address or employment. If the order of conditional release includes a requirement for the committed person to report to a community corrections officer, the community corrections officer shall notify the secretary or the secretary's designee, if the person is not in compliance with the court-ordered conditions of release.
     (((3))) (4) If the court determines that receiving regular or periodic medication or other medical treatment shall be a condition of the committed person's release, then the court shall require him or her to report to a physician or other medical or mental health practitioner for the medication or treatment. In addition to submitting any report required by RCW 10.77.160, the physician or other medical or mental health practitioner shall immediately upon the released person's failure to appear for the medication or treatment or upon a change in mental health condition that renders the patient a potential risk to the public report ((the failure)) to the court, to the prosecuting attorney of the county in which the released person was committed, to the secretary, and to the supervising community corrections officer.
     (((4))) (5) Any person, whose application for conditional release has been denied, may reapply after a period of six months from the date of denial.

Sec. 6   RCW 10.77.160 and 1993 c 31 s 7 are each amended to read as follows:
     When a conditionally released person is required by the terms of his or her conditional release to report to a physician, department of corrections community corrections officer, or medical or mental health practitioner on a regular or periodic basis, the physician, department of corrections community corrections officer, medical or mental health practitioner, or other such person shall monthly, for the first six months after release and semiannually thereafter, or as otherwise directed by the court, submit to the court, the secretary, the institution from which released, and to the prosecuting attorney of the county in which the person was committed, a report stating whether the person is adhering to the terms and conditions of his or her conditional release, and detailing any arrests or criminal charges filed and any significant change in the person's mental health condition or other circumstances.

Sec. 7   RCW 10.77.190 and 1998 c 297 s 43 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) Any person submitting reports pursuant to RCW 10.77.160, the secretary, or the prosecuting attorney may petition the court to, or the court on its own motion may schedule an immediate hearing for the purpose of modifying the terms of conditional release if the petitioner or the court believes the released person is failing to adhere to the terms and conditions of his or her conditional release or is in need of additional care and treatment.
     (2) If the prosecuting attorney, the secretary of social and health services, the secretary of corrections, or the court, after examining the report filed with them pursuant to RCW 10.77.160, or based on other information received by them, reasonably believes that a conditionally released person is failing to adhere to the terms and conditions of his or her conditional release the court or secretary of social and health services or the secretary of corrections may order that the conditionally released person be apprehended and taken into custody ((until such time as a hearing can be scheduled to determine the facts and whether or not the person's conditional release should be revoked or modified)). The court shall be notified of the apprehension before the close of the next judicial day ((of the apprehension)). The court shall schedule a hearing within thirty days to determine whether or not the person's conditional release should be modified or revoked. Both the prosecuting attorney and the conditionally released person shall have the right to request an immediate mental examination of the conditionally released person. If the conditionally released person is indigent, the court or secretary of social and health services or the secretary of corrections or their designees shall, upon request, assist him or her in obtaining a qualified expert or professional person to conduct the examination.
     (3) If the hospital or facility designated to provide outpatient care determines that a conditionally released person presents a threat to public safety, the hospital or facility shall immediately notify the secretary of social and health services or the secretary of corrections or their designees. The secretary shall order that the conditionally released person be apprehended and taken into custody.
     (4) The court, upon receiving notification of the apprehension, shall promptly schedule a hearing. The issue to be determined is whether the conditionally released person did or did not adhere to the terms and conditions of his or her release, or whether the person presents a threat to public safety. Pursuant to the determination of the court upon such hearing, the conditionally released person shall either continue to be conditionally released on the same or modified conditions or his or her conditional release shall be revoked and he or she shall be committed subject to release only in accordance with provisions of this chapter.

Sec. 8   RCW 10.77.200 and 2000 c 94 s 16 are each amended to read as follows:
     (1) Upon application by the committed or conditionally released person, the secretary shall determine whether or not reasonable grounds exist for release. In making this determination, the secretary may consider the reports filed under RCW 10.77.060, 10.77.110, 10.77.140, and 10.77.160, and other reports and evaluations provided by professionals familiar with the case. If the secretary approves the release he or she then shall authorize the person to petition the court.
     (2) In instances in which persons have not made application for release, but the secretary believes, after consideration of the reports filed under RCW 10.77.060, 10.77.110, 10.77.140, and 10.77.160, and other reports and evaluations provided by professionals familiar with the case, that reasonable grounds exist for release, the secretary may petition the court. If the secretary petitions the court for release under this subsection, notice of the petition must be provided to the person who is the subject of the petition and to his or her attorney.
     (3) The petition shall be served upon the court and the prosecuting attorney. The court, upon receipt of the petition for release, shall within forty-five days order a hearing. Continuance of the hearing date shall only be allowed for good cause shown. The prosecuting attorney shall represent the state, and shall have the right to have the petitioner examined by an expert or professional person of the prosecuting attorney's choice. If the petitioner is indigent, and the person so requests, the court shall appoint a qualified expert or professional person to examine him or her. If the petitioner ((is developmentally disabled)) has a developmental disability, the examination shall be performed by a developmental disabilities professional. The hearing shall be before a jury if demanded by either the petitioner or the prosecuting attorney. The burden of proof shall be upon the petitioner to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the petitioner no longer presents, as a result of a mental disease or defect, a substantial danger to other persons, or a substantial likelihood of committing criminal acts jeopardizing public safety or security, unless kept under further control by the court or other persons or institutions.
     (((3))) (4) For purposes of this section, a person affected by a mental disease or defect in a state of remission is considered to have a mental disease or defect requiring supervision when the disease may, with reasonable medical probability, occasionally become active and, when active, render the person a danger to others. Upon a finding that the petitioner has a mental disease or defect in a state of remission under this subsection, the court may deny release, or place or continue such a person on conditional release.
     (5) Nothing contained in this chapter shall prohibit the patient from petitioning the court for release or conditional release from the institution in which he or she is committed. The issue to be determined on such proceeding is whether the petitioner, as a result of a mental disease or defect, is a substantial danger to other persons, or presents a substantial likelihood of committing criminal acts jeopardizing public safety or security, unless kept under further control by the court or other persons or institutions.
     (6) Nothing contained in this chapter shall prohibit the committed person from petitioning for release by writ of habeas corpus.

NEW SECTION.  Sec. 9   A new section is added to chapter 10.77 RCW to read as follows:
     For persons who have received court approval for conditional release, the secretary or the secretary's designee shall supervise the person's compliance with the court-ordered conditions of release. The level of supervision provided by the secretary shall correspond to the level of the person's public safety risk. In undertaking supervision of persons under this section, the secretary shall coordinate with any treatment providers designated pursuant to RCW 10.77.150(3), any department of corrections staff designated pursuant to RCW 10.77.150(2), and local law enforcement, if appropriate. The secretary shall adopt rules to implement this section.