Background:

Teacher Recruitment Activities.

In 2016 the Legislature directed the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI), in partnership with educational service districts (ESDs) and school districts, to develop and implement a comprehensive, statewide initiative to increase the number of qualified individuals who apply for teaching positions in Washington. Specifically, the OSPI was directed to implement a recruitment campaign and website, and to develop a web-based depository of teacher jobs and applications. As part of its initiative, the OSPI also provided funding to Central Washington ESDs to create and implement short- and long-term regional teacher recruitment initiatives.

Educator Preparation Programs.

The Professional Educator Standards Board (PESB) is a 12-member board that adopts rules and creates policies for the preparation and certification of educators. The PESB approves entities, including community colleges, universities, ESDs, and community-based organizations, to offer educator preparation programs. There are educator preparation programs for teachers, principals and other administrators, and educational staff associates.

Approved educator preparation programs may add an alternative route teacher certification program (Alternative Route Program), which is a nontraditional program that operates as a partnership between a teacher preparation program and one or more school districts.

Educator Shortage Areas.

The PESB designates official shortage areas based on periodic analysis of educator supply and demand in Washington. An endorsement is the subject area in which a certified educator is authorized to teach, along with designated grade levels for that area. Endorsement shortage areas include special education, mathematics, and science. There are also subject area shortages specific to regions; these are identified as geographic shortage areas.

Recruiting Washington Teachers Program.

The Recruiting Washington Teachers (RWT) Program was established by the Legislature in 2007 to recruit and provide training and support for high school students to enter the teaching profession, especially in shortage areas. The program, administered by the PESB, consists of specified components, for example: targeted recruitment of diverse high school students; a curriculum that provides classroom observations and preteaching internships; certain academic and community support services; and future teacher camps held on college campuses.

Subject to funding by the Legislature, the PESB must allocate grants to partnerships of high schools, teacher preparation programs, and community-based organizations for the design and delivery of RWT Programs.

Field Placement of Student Teachers.

Biennially, beginning July 1, 2018, each institution of higher education with an Alternative Route Program must collaborate with local school districts to develop a plan describing how the institution will partner with the local districts regarding field placement of resident teachers.

In 2016 the Legislature authorized the Washington Student Achievement Council (WSAC) to administer a Student Teaching Residency Grant Program to provide additional funds to low-income individuals completing residencies at Title I public schools in Washington. The Legislature funded this program for only one year.

Teacher Endorsement and Certification Help Pilot Project.

In 2016 the Legislature enacted the Teacher Endorsement and Certification Help Pilot Project to provide grants to low-income persons taking basic skills and content tests for teacher certification in shortage areas. Beginning September 1, 2016, the WSAC was directed to begin awarding grants, but no funding was provided. Authorization for the project expires June 30, 2021.

Conditional Scholarship and Loan Repayment Programs for Educators.

A conditional scholarship (CS) is a loan that is forgiven, in whole or in part, in exchange for qualified service. There are five statutory CS Programs for educators: Future Teachers CS, Alternative Route CS, Educator Retooling CS, Pipeline for Paraeducators CS, and Teacher Shortage Conditional Grant. There is also a loan repayment program to repay, in whole or in part, the federal student loans of teachers who perform qualified service.

The PESB selects the participants for some programs, while the WSAC selects the participants for other programs. In general, for the CS Programs, one year of loan obligation is forgiven for every year a loan recipient teaches in a designated shortage area in a Washington kindergarten through twelfth grade public school.

Tuition Waivers.

Tuition waivers provided by public institutions of higher education fall into one of three categories: state-supported, discretionary, and space available. When space is available in a course, public institutions may waive all or a portion of the tuition and services and activities fees for certain state and public school employees. To be eligible, teachers and other certificated instructional staff employed at public common and vocational schools must hold or seek a valid endorsement and assignment in a state identified shortage area. Classified staff employed at public schools may only enroll in coursework relevant to their work assignment.

Beginning Educator Support Team Program.

The Beginning Educator Support Team (BEST) Program provides professional development and mentor support for beginning teachers, candidates in the Alternative Route Program, and teachers on probation. The BEST program must include specified components, for example: mentorship, professional development, and a program evaluation that measures increased knowledge, skills, and positive impact on student learning for program participants.

Grant funding for the BEST program is administered by the OSPI. The grant funds are provided on a competitive basis to individual school districts or consortia of districts. In allocating funds, the OSPI must give priority to districts with challenged schools in need of improvement and districts with a large influx of beginning classroom teachers.

Evaluation of Teachers and Principals.

Beginning in the 2015-16 school year, most classroom teachers and principals are evaluated using a "revised" four level rating evaluation system with eight specified minimum criteria. The four-levels are unsatisfactory, basic, proficient, and distinguished. Teachers and principals receive a performance rating for each criteria and an overall rating for the entire evaluation, called the comprehensive summative evaluation performance rating.

All teachers and principals must be evaluated each year. Except in certain cases, every four years the evaluation must be comprehensive and use all eight criteria. In the intervening years, evaluations are focused, zeroing in on a specific evaluation criterion for professional development.

A steering committee composed of teachers, principals, administrators, school board members, and parents examined implementation issues and refined tools used for the evaluation system through the 2015-16 implementation phase.

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Summary of Third Substitute Bill:

Part I - Recruitment.

Regional Recruiters and Pilot Program.

An educational service district (ESD) may employ a regional recruiter to, for example: serve as a liaison between local school districts, educator preparation programs, and agencies that may be helpful in educator recruitment efforts; provide outreach and support to community members who may be interested in becoming educators; and provide resources and technical assistance to local districts on best hiring processes and practices.

The Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) must provide grants to ESDs whose school districts have the least access to alternative route teacher certification programs (Alternative Route Programs). Beginning September 1, 2018, the ESDs receiving grants must employ a regional recruiter. By December 1, 2020, the OSPI, in collaboration with the Washington Association of ESDs, must report to the Legislature with a summary of the recruitment activities of the ESD grant recipients in comparison to other ESDs, including available outcomes data, and recommend whether the grant program should be expanded to all ESDs or discontinued.

Recruiting Washington Teachers Program.

The Recruiting Washington Teachers (RWT) Program is broadened to encourage students to explore "careers in education" rather than teaching in specific subjects. In addition to current components, the program must include instruction and support services related to post high-school success, for example: college success and workforce skills, financial education opportunities, and acclimating to a college campus. When determining grant recipients, the Professional Educator Standards Board (PESB) must prioritize partnerships that have a Running Start Program. The PESB must conduct a periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of programs for recruiting teachers and use the findings to revise the RWT Program.

Subject Matter Experts in Alternative Route Programs.

The PESB's rules for Alternative Route Programs must prioritize program designs tailored to the needs of candidates with occupational industry experience relevant to the subject area they intend to teach. The date for reporting data on Alternative Route Programs is changed from December 1 of each odd numbered year, to December 1 of each even-numbered year. The limitation that Alternative Route Programs may apply for funds to pay stipends to mentor teachers only to the extent funds are appropriated for this purpose is removed.

Recruiting Military Personnel Work Group.

By December 1, 2018, the PESB must report to the Legislature with recommendations from a work group convened to examine issues around recruitment of military personnel and their spouses into educator positions, such as barriers to obtaining academic credit for prior learning and financial need. The work group must include representatives from the OSPI, the state Department of Veterans Affairs and Military Department, educator preparation programs, educator associations, and a superintendent from a district near a military installation.

Educational Service District Alternative Route Teacher Certification Pilot Program.

The OSPI must distribute grants to an ESD that volunteers to pilot an Alternative Route Program for the purpose of providing financial assistance to teacher candidates enrolled in the program with the intent to pursue an initial teacher certificate. The OSPI must provide a grant sufficient to provide $8,000 of financial assistance to 30 teacher candidates in the 2018-19 school year and to 40 teacher candidates in the 2019-20 school year.

In piloting the program, the ESD must perform specified activities, for example: use experts to develop the program, provide support to first three years of a teacher's career using the Beginning Educator Support Team (BEST) program, and help school staff and community members become teachers.

By November 1, 2023, the volunteer ESD must report to the OSPI with the outcomes of the pilot and any recommendations for implementing Alternative Route Programs in other ESDs. The report must include specific data and feedback, for example: the number of teacher candidates applying for and completing the program, and feedback from local teachers. By December 1, 2023, the OSPI must submit the ESD's report to the Legislature with recommendations for whether the pilot program should be expanded, modified, or terminated.

Part II - Financial Incentives, Assistance, and Supports.

Field Placement of Student Teachers.

All teacher preparation programs, not just Alternative Route Programs, must develop field placement plans for student teachers. Certain goals related to targeting high-need subject and geographic areas, and using highly effective mentors must be considered during plan development. The plans must be submitted to the PESB and posted on its website. The Washington Student Achievement Council (WSAC), in cooperation with stakeholders, must report to the Legislature with policy recommendations to encourage or require teacher preparation programs to develop relationships with, and provide supervisory support for, field placements of student teachers in nonlocal school districts.

Eligibility for the Student Teaching Residency Grants is narrowed to student teachers at Title I public common schools, rather than all Title I public schools. Beginning December 1, 2020, the WSAC must report biennially to the Legislature with the specified application and outcome data, and recommendations for modifying the grant program. The state Education Research and Data Center must collaborate with the WSAC to provide any data needed for the report.

Teacher Endorsement and Certification Help Program.

The Teacher Endorsement and Certification Help Program Pilot Project is converted to a permanent program, with implementation and reporting dates extended by two years. Rather than requiring a preliminary and final report, program data must be reported to the Legislature biennially, beginning December 1, 2020.

Educator Conditional Scholarship and Loan Repayment Programs.

The chapter of the Higher Education Code (RCW 28B) entitled the Future Teachers Conditional Scholarship (CS) and Loan Repayment Program is modified and restructured to apply to all educators, and renamed the Educators CS and Loan Repayment Program.

Alternative Route, Pipeline for Paraeducators, and Educator Retooling Conditional Scholarship Programs. These programs are moved from the Alternative Routes chapter of the school code (RCW 28A) to this chapter. Qualifications for the Alternative Route CS Program remain the same.

The Pipeline for Paraeducators CS Program is made available to paraeducators without a college degree who have two, rather than three, years of successful student interaction and leadership. Paraeducators have up to four academic years, rather than two years or less, to complete two full-time years at a community and technical college.

The Educator Retooling CS Program is made available to persons who hold a regular Washington teacher certificate or an expired regular Washington teacher certificate issued after 2005, rather than persons with current teacher certificates in specific areas. Participants are eligible for this CS for up to two academic years, rather than being required to obtain an endorsement in two years or less.

Teacher Shortage Conditional Grant Program. This program is renamed the Teacher Shortage CS Program. To qualify for the program an applicant must be accepted into, and maintain enrollment in, a teacher preparation program leading to an initial teacher certificate and intend to pursue an initial teacher certificate with an endorsement in a shortage area.

The term "shortage area" means an endorsement or geographic area as defined by the PESB, in consultation with the OSPI, with a shortage of certificated employees. The shortage areas must be defined biennially using quantitative and qualitative measures.

Participants are eligible to receive this CS for up to four academic years. Statutory direction to the WSAC to consider specific elements when developing the framework for the program is removed.

Career and Technical Education Conditional Scholarship Program. A program is created to encourage persons to become Career and Technical Education (CTE) teachers by providing financial aid for obtaining the necessary certifications and endorsements. To qualify for the program, an applicant must be accepted into, and maintain enrollment in, a teacher preparation program and pursuing the necessary certifications and endorsements to teach CTE courses. The WSAC must give priority to applicants who: (a) possess a professional license and occupational industry experience applicable to the CTE endorsement being pursued; (b) are accepted into an Alternative Route Program; or (c) intend to teach courses that expose students to high employer demand fields in Washington, where "high employer demand fields" are determined by the PESB in consultation with the Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board and the OSPI. Participants are eligible to receive a CTE CS for up to two academic years.

Federal Student Loan Repayment. This program limited to certificated teachers who: (1) hold an endorsement in the content area in which they are assigned; and (2) serve in a shortage area in a common school. In addition, it is specified that the WSAC may not reimburse participants for loan repayments made before the participant became part of the program.

Participant Selection. The WSAC is the administrator of the CS and loan repayment programs. The WSAC is directed to develop an application process for each program, consult a stakeholder group to develop awarding criteria for the selection of eligible participants. In addition to the program specific qualifications listed above, the minimum qualifications for a CS program are: (1) having a financial need consistent with the income criteria required to receive the State Need Grant; and (2) committing to serving as a certificated employee in a common school. The term "certificated employee" means a person who holds a certificate as authorized by the PESB, but does not include a paraeducator.

In selecting eligible participants, WSAC must: (1) give priority to persons who are renewing their application in order to complete a certificated employee preparation program; and (2) consider prioritizing persons who meet shortage area needs, are first generation college students or graduates, are eligible veteran or national guard members, have characteristics that are underrepresented among certificated employees, or have classroom-based experience.

Awards. The WSAC is required to maximize the CS and loan repayments awarded. The maximum award is $8,000 per calendar year for each program. When developing award terms and conditions, the WSAC must consider the purpose of each program and recognize the total cost of attendance for each educator preparation program. In addition, the award of a CS may not result in reduction of a participant's federal or other state financial aid. Uses of a CS award include tuition and fees, transportation and housing costs, and educational expenses.

A CS awarded under this chapter is forgiven when the participant fulfills the terms of his or her service obligation. The WSAC must develop the service obligation terms for each CS program, including that participants must either:

serve as a certificated employee in a common school for two full-time school years for each year of CS received; or
serve as a certificated employee in a shortage area in a common school for one full-time school year for each year of CS received.

Repayment. Participants who do not fulfill their service obligation incur an obligation to repay the CS award, with interest and other fees. The WSAC must develop repayment terms for each CS Program, including interest rate, other fees, minimum payment, and maximum repayment period.

The WSAC must establish a process for forgiveness, deferment, or forbearance for participants who fail to complete their service obligation due to circumstances beyond their control.

Report. Beginning November 1, 2018, and by November 1 each even year thereafter, the WSAC must submit a report to the Legislature recommending whether the Educator CS and Loan Repayment Programs should be continued, modified, or terminated. The report must include information about the number of applicants for, and participants in, each program, and should be disaggregated. The report must include information about participant deferments and repayment, and moneys received by and disbursed from the associated account.

Other. It is specified that nothing in these provisions modifies or otherwise affects related CS or loan repayment agreements in existence before the new provisions go into effect.

Technical changes are made, for example: removing or repealing redundant provisions, and changing terms for consistency.

Space Available Tuition Waivers.

The space available tuition waivers are made available to: (1) all teachers and other certificated instructional staff at public common and vocational schools, rather than only those holding or seeking a valid endorsement and assignment in a shortage area; and (2) classified staff employed at public common schools, rather than kindergarten through twelfth grade public schools, when used for coursework that is part of a teacher preparation program, in addition to coursework relevant to the work assignment.

Institutions of higher education must report to the WSAC each year with data on these waivers compared to other tuition and fee waivers awarded by the institutions.

Teacher Preparation Program Enrollments in High-need Subjects and Locations.

Through the Omnibus Appropriations Act, the Legislature intends to prioritize the expansion of teacher preparation program enrollments in high-need subjects and high-need locations, taking into consideration the community and technical colleges' capacity to contribute to teacher preparation.

Part III - Retention Strategies.

Beginning Educator Support Team Program.

The Beginning Educator Support Team Program (BEST) is expanded to beginning principals. Changes are made to mentor eligibility requirements, assignment, and professional development, for example, a mentor must be selected using mentor standards developed by the OSPI.

When allocating funds for the program, the OSPI must also prioritize school districts that demonstrate an understanding of the research-based standards for beginning educator induction developed by the OSPI. The description of another set of priority schools and districts is modified to use terminology that is consistent with federal law: "schools and districts identified for comprehensive or target support and improvement," rather than districts identified as being "challenged schools in need of improvement."

Additional components are added to the BEST program, for example: an appropriate assignment, written feedback, and adherence to research-based standards. The required program evaluation must also measure increased retention of program participants.

Evaluation of Teachers and Principals.

The comprehensive performance evaluation frequency for classroom teachers and principals who received a comprehensive performance rating of level three or above in their previous comprehensive performance evaluation is reduce from every four years to every six years. The steering committee's work is extended indefinitely.

Nonsubstantive and technical changes are made, for example: the term "revised evaluation system" is replaced with the term "four-level rating evaluation system;" and language related to the "revised" evaluation implementation schedule, pilots, and related reports is removed.

Part IV - Strengthening and Supporting Professional Pathways for Educators.

The Professional Educator Collaborative.

The Professional Educator Collaborative (collaborative) is established to make recommendations on how to improve and strengthen state policies, programs, and pathways that lead to highly effective educators at each level of the public school system.

The collaborative must examine issues related to educator recruitment, certification, retention, professional learning and development, leadership, and evaluation for effectiveness. The collaborative must consider what incentives and supports could be provided at each stage of an educator's career to produce a more effective educational system. The collaborative is directed to review eight specific issues.

The members of the collaborative must include representatives of the Legislature, education agencies, educator preparation programs, and educator associations. Staff support must be provided by the PESB, and other state agencies if requested. The collaborative is required to contract with a nonprofit, nonpartisan institute that meets certain requirements, for example, conducting independent, high quality research to improve education policy and practice.

By November 1, 2019, the collaborative must submit a preliminary report to the Legislature that makes recommendations on specific educator certificate types, tiers, and renewal issues. By November 1, 2020, the collaborative must submit a final report to the Legislature that makes recommendations on each of the eight issues.

Staff Summary of Public Testimony:

(In support) The most important factor in a quality education is having a highly effective educator. The state has an educator shortage, especially in rural areas. In some rural areas, 80 percent of instructional staff are working on emergency issued certifications. There are great people who have college degrees working in other fields that, if properly supported, can learn on the job while getting paid to teach.

The educator shortage is happening right now, and the pipeline is not filled. There are thousands of empty seats in teacher preparation programs. Before creating new programs, it might be useful to look at the Certificate of Need process for hospitals and healthcare facilities to make sure that the market is not overly saturated with teacher preparation programs, such that no program can survive.

The Student Teaching Residency Grant and the Teacher Shortage Conditional Grant that were funded for one year were highly successful. These grants address one of the two keys to getting more people into preparation programs: (1) lower the cost of entry; and (2) raise the reward at the end. The state did something to raise the reward by increasing teacher salaries, but it still needs to provide financial incentives. There were 826 qualified applicants for the conditional grant program, but only enough money for 53 grants. If the state had maximally funded the program, there would be over 800 more prospective teachers in the pipeline today. More than 96 percent of the awardees were people of color, first generation, and multilingual, and the median income of the awardees was just over $20,000. Economics is a barrier to this population, so we need to support them into the teaching profession. The Teacher Endorsement and Certification Help pilot program should be a permanent program, because it is another way to fill the pipeline.

New enrollments should be funded in the operating budget and targeted to high-need subject areas and high-need locations. Some higher education institutions have plans to expand their teacher preparation programs, but could use additional funding for new enrollments and expansion of the alternative route teacher certification program (Alternative Route Program). Some teacher preparation programs would also like to increase recruitment efforts.

There are many strategies to address the teacher shortage, including regional recruiters, financial aid to students, small cohorts of student teachers prepared directly at the schools and educational service districts (ESDs) that have the highest shortages, and increasing paraeducators' access to Alternative Route Programs.

Southwest Washington has a program that will further the goals of this bill. The ESD is now an Alternative Route Program provider—the only noncollege or university provider in the state. The ESD has a natural pipeline with its school district for recruitment into the teacher preparation programs. This first year the ESD program has 99 candidates, 45 of which, are paraeducators with college degrees, 24 are candidates in the Retooling Program, and 14 are candidates for emergency certification. The ESD can fill available teaching positions in Southwest Washington with this program. The hope is to replicate the program across the state.

Southwest Washington has the Teacher Principal Evaluation Program Regional Learning Network that works on leveraging the teacher evaluation to help students learn, the Beginning Educator Support Program to help novice teachers, and Alternative Route Programs that can fill teacher shortages, primarily in special education where there is a great need. There are paraeducators that are interested in becoming special education teachers. They are passionate about working with these students, committed to working in the school and their community, and they can be moved through a preparation program quickly because they already have knowledge and skills.

(Opposed) None.