Property Tax Revenue Limits.  All real and personal property is subject to a tax each year based on the highest and best use, unless a specific exemption is provided by law.  The annual growth of all regular property tax levy revenue other than the state levies is limited as follows:

• for jurisdictions with a population of less than 10,000, revenue growth is limited to 1 percent.
• for jurisdictions with a population of 10,000 or more, revenue growth is limited to the lesser of inflation or 1 percent plus the value of new construction.

Property Tax Rate Limits.  The constitution provides for a levy rate limit of $10 per $1,000 of assessed value, referred to as the constitutional $10 limit, or the constitutional 1 percent limit.
 
Other general limitations on property tax rates include:

• the state levy rate is limited to $3.60 per $1,000 of assessed value;
• county general levies are limited to $1.80 per $1,000 of assessed value;
• county road levies are limited to $2.25 per $1,000 of assessed value; and
• city levies are limited to $3.60 per $1,000 of assessed value.

 
For property tax purposes, the state, counties, and cities are collectively referred to as senior taxing districts.  Junior taxing districts, a term that includes fire, hospital, flood control zone, and most other special purpose districts, have specific rate limits as well.
 
The tax rates for senior and junior taxing districts, excluding the state, must fit within an overall rate limit of $5.90 per $1,000 of assessed value. 

Prorationing.  If the statutory $5.90 or constitutional $10 limit are exceeded, statute establishes the sequential order in which the levies must be proportionally reduced or eliminated, a process referred to as prorationing, to conform to statutory and constitutional limits.

The Gap.  Some regular property tax levies, including levies for criminal justice purposes, port districts, and emergency medical services, are subject to the $10 constitutional limit, but not the $5.90 aggregate rate limit.  These levies have protections from general prorationing requirements and exist within the $0.50 gap that remains after subtracting the state levy and the $5.90 in local regular levies from the constitutional $10 limit per $1,000 of assessed value.  A specific order of portioning is provided within the gap.

Park and Recreation Districts.  A county is permitted to form a park and recreation district for providing leisure and recreational activities and facilities.  A park and recreation district may impose a regular property tax levy up to $0.60 per $1,000 of assessed value.  A park and recreation district's regular levy is subject to the aggregate $5.90 limit and is considered a junior taxing district.

Regular park and recreation district property tax levies are removed from the aggregate $5.90 limit and are instead added to the gap of levy limits within the constitutional $10 limit.