Dialysis treats end-stage kidney failure by removing waste from a patient's blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform the function.  There are different types of dialysis such as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.  Hemodialysis removes blood from the body and filters it through a machine and returns it to the body.  Hemodialysis is usually performed in a health care setting, but may be done at home.  Peritoneal dialysis filters blood by sending a dialysis solution, called dialysate, through a catheter into part of the abdomen where it filters waste products from the blood through the lining of the abdomen.  Peritoneal dialysis is frequently performed at home by the patient or the patient's caregiver.
 
The Pharmacy Quality Assurance Commission allows Medicare-approved home dialysis centers or facilities operating Medicare-approved home dialysis programs to sell, deliver, possess, or dispense legend drugs to dialysis patients.  There are four authorized products:  sterile heparin, sterile potassium chloride, commercially available dialysate, and sterile sodium chloride.

The home dialysis program must have an agreement with a pharmacist to provide any necessary consultation on issues such as the drug distribution process to home dialysis patients and the location used for storage and distribution of the drugs.  The Pharmacy Quality Assurance Commission also requires that home dialysis programs provide and retain certain records related to shipment and that they maintain a quality assurance program for drug distribution.

Pharmacy and legend drug regulations may not prevent a manufacturer or wholesaler from selling, delivering, possessing, or dispensing dialysis devices and related legend drugs, including commercially available dialysate, used by home dialysis patients directly to dialysis patients.
 
The requirement that the dialysis devices and drugs be prescribed by a physician or osteopathic physician is expanded to include any practitioner acting within the scope of the practitioner's practice.