Under the law, the use of deadly force by a peace officer must be in good faith.  Good faith is an objective standard, considering all the facts, circumstances, and information known to the officer at the time to determine whether a similarly situated reasonable officer would have believed that the use of deadly force was necessary to prevent death or serious physical harm to the officer or another individual.

It is state policy for law enforcement personnel to provide or facilitate first aid rendered at the earliest safe opportunity to injured persons at a scene controlled by law enforcement.  The Criminal Justice Training Commission (CJTC) must have guidelines addressing first aid training, best practices for securing a scene to facilitate the safe, swift, and effective provision of first aid to persons injured at a scene, and assisting law enforcement to balance the many essential duties of officers with the solemn duty to preserve the life of persons with whom officers come into direct contact.

An identifiable on-duty peace officer who witnesses another peace officer engaging or attempting to engage in the excessive use of force against another person must intervene when in a position to do so to end the excessive use of force.  The peace officer must render aid to any person injured as a result of the use of force at the earliest safe opportunity.  Excessive force is defined as force that exceeds the degree of force permitted by law or policy of the witnessing officer's agency. 

An identifiable on-duty peace officer who observes wrongdoing committed by another peace officer or who has a good faith belief that another officer has committed wrongdoing, must report that wrongdoing to the officer's supervisor or in accordance with the agency's policies and procedures for reporting.  Wrongdoing is defined as conduct that is harmful or contrary to law or a violation of professional standards or ethical rules; and that is not de minimis or a technical violation.

A member of a law enforcement agency may not discipline or retaliate against a peace officer for intervening or reporting wrongdoing.  A law enforcement agency must report any disciplinary action for the failure to intervene or report wrongdoing to the CJTC to determine whether the officer's conduct may be grounds for suspension or revocation of certification.

By December 1, 2021, the CJTC, the Washington State Patrol, the Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs, and organizations representing state and local law enforcement officers must develop a written model policy on the duty to intervene.  By June 1, 2022, all law enforcement agencies must adopt and implement a written duty to intervene policy consistent with the model policy.  No later than January 31, 2022, the CJTC must incorporate training on the duty to intervene in the basic law enforcement training curriculum.  Existing peace officers must receive training no later than December 31, 2023.

The observing officer must be identifiable and on-duty for the duty to intervene or report wrongdoing to apply.  The definition of excessive force is modified to clarify that force that exceeds the degree of force permitted by the policy of the witnessing officer’s agency will control.  An act in violation of the public’s trust is eliminated from the definition of wrongdoing and provides that any conduct must not be de minimis or a technical violation to qualify as wrongdoing.

The committee recommended a different version of the bill than what was heard.  PRO:  The vast majority of law enforcement officers are out there doing the right thing and holding themselves to a very high standard.  This bill is about empowering good officers and setting up clear processes to make sure officers are in a position to call out wrongdoing and intervene when they need to.  The bill also incorporates accountability and ensures the reporting does not fall on deaf ears.
 
This bill provides direction to any officer to step in when they see excessive force or any other wrongdoing.  Black people and people of color have been brought to county jails after being beaten.  The person should have been taken to a hospital instead of jail.  These are often tense and fast moving situations.  These situations may not always result in death but leave an indelible mark.  It is absolutely necessary that officers intervene when they see the excessive use of force.  This bill provides a framework for that intervention.
 
A statewide duty to intervene is a top legislative priority for the Association of Washington Cities. 
 
There are many good law enforcement officers.  This is already part of what they do and they are supportive of this policy. 
 
OTHER:  Law enforcement organizations are supportive of creating a consistent statewide policy on the duty to intervene.  Some aspects of the bill need fine tuning.  In addition to the observing officer, the observed officer should be immediately identifiable as an officer.  The failure to render aid should also subject an officer to decertification.  The definitions of excessive and wrongdoing need some adjustment.  Excessive force is defined as force exceeding that allowed by law or policy.  It is unclear what policy will apply when officers from multiple jurisdictions or agencies are present.  It is unclear how an officer will know if there has been an attempted excessive use of force.  There should be some knowledge of intent.  The definition of wrongdoing is also overly vague.  Expectations need to be reasonable and clear. 
 
Only final disciplinary decisions should be forwarded to the CJTC. 

PRO:  This is about empowering officers that want to do the right thing.  Many law enforcement agencies already require peer intervention training.  This creates costs for state and local government and it is important those costs are funded.
 
CON:  The definition of wrong-doing does not allow for any discrepancy between agencies.  There should be a duty to report and intervene and this needs to be modified.
 
OTHER:  The expectations need to be reasonable and clear and this bill does not quite get there.