Office of Drinking Water. The Department of Health, Office Of Drinking Water (ODW) is responsible for ensuring that public water systems provide their customers an adequate and safe drinking water supply at all times. When necessary, ODW acts or directs water system owners and operators to resolve known or suspected public health threats. ODW's authority comes from the:
Federal regulations establish primary drinking water requirements for larger public water systems, known as group A public water systems. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency delegated primary authority to administer and enforce these regulations to ODW.
ODW also administers state Board of Health (board) and DOH rules that cover the operation of public water systems. ODW has authority to adopt rules necessary to protect public health by ensuring safe and reliable drinking water. The rules set drinking water standards and requirements for monitoring, reporting, and responding to emergencies.
Water System Plans. The board is required to adopt rules for group A public water systems, necessary to assure safe and reliable public drinking water and to protect public health, including rules relating to public water system planning and emergency response requirements.
A group A community water system—those public water systems serving 15 or more year-round service connections, or 25 or more year-round residents—must submit a water system plan or plan update to DOH for approval if it meets certain conditions, such as those systems serving 1000 or more connections, making infrastructure changes, or expanding their service area.
Water system plans must address several elements, including:
Beginning January 1, 2024, DOH is directed to require group A public water systems serving 1000 or more total connections to include a climate resilience element as part of water system plans.
DOH must update its water system planning guidebook to assist water systems in implementing the climate resilience element, including guidance on any available technical and financial resources.
To fulfill the planning requirements of this element, water systems must:
Climate readiness projects, including planning to meet the requirements of the climate resilience element and actions to protect a water system from extreme weather events, including infrastructure and design projects, are eligible for financial assistance under the Water System Acquisition and Rehabilitation Program.
DOH must develop loan eligibility criteria and consider applications from water systems that identify climate readiness projects.
PRO: This type of planning will help address impacts from climate change such as loss of snowpack, lessened ground water supply, increasing flooding and wildfires, sea level rise, and algal blooms, and their impact to critical infrastructure. Many agencies and others involved in the use and distribution of water have not yet taken a hard look at this problem to update current practices.
The bill also emphasizes the importance of providing data and technical support for climate resilience planning. System planning is typically based on what has happened in the past, and does not look to these future impacts, which could make systems less reliable and resilient in the future. This approach can be an effective way to encourage changes to operations to avoid service disruptions and loss of quality of water sources.
There are a couple of utilities that are already doing this planning. The bill could differentiate on water systems based on location, which drives the climate impacts that systems face.
OTHER: Success for this type of planning depends on what resources are provided to local planners. Common barriers are sufficient data and capacity to assess risks and resources to plan the risks. To adequately plan, systems need easily accessible and location specific data, and options for reducing those vulnerabilities. The Department of Health is working with the University of Washington on a pilot project to assist these efforts.