The Growth Management Act (GMA) is the comprehensive land use planning framework for counties and cities in Washington. The GMA establishes land-use designation and environmental protection requirements for all Washington counties and cities. The GMA also establishes a significantly wider array of planning duties for 28 counties, and the cities within those counties, that are obligated to satisfy all planning requirements of the GMA. These jurisdictions are sometimes said to be "fully planning" under the GMA.
Counties that fully plan under the GMA must designate urban growth areas (UGAs), within which urban growth must be encouraged and outside of which growth may occur only if it is not urban in nature. Each city in a county must be included in a UGA. Planning jurisdictions must include within their UGAs sufficient areas and densities to accommodate projected urban growth for the succeeding 20-year period.
The GMA also directs fully planning jurisdictions to adopt internally consistent, comprehensive land use plans. Comprehensive plans are implemented through locally adopted development regulations, and both the plans and the local regulations are subject to review and revision requirements prescribed in the GMA. When developing their comprehensive plans, counties and cities must consider various goals set forth in statute.
Each comprehensive plan must include a plan, scheme, or design for certain mandatory elements, including a housing element. The housing element must ensure the vitality and character of established residential neighborhoods.
By July 1, 2024, cities planning under the GMA may not prohibit, within a residential zone that allows for the development of detached single-family residences, the splitting of a single residential lot into two residential lots if:
A fully planning city also may not impose regulations on a residential lot that is the result of splitting a single lot that:
Any conflicting provisions in local development regulations after July 1, 2024, are superseded, preempted, and invalidated.
The original bill prohibited a city from requiring easement widths of more than four feet for access to rear lots. The substitute bill clarifies that cities may require wider easements if required by site-specific conditions, such as access to utilities.
The original bill also prohibited a city from imposing requirements for dedications of rights-of-way or for the construction of off-site improvements. The substitute bill allows exceptions for site-specific conditions.
The original bill specified any construction on lots resulting from a split was subject to all existing state and local laws regarding stormwater runoff, critical areas, shorelines, and conservation areas. The substitute bill removes references to specific types of laws and specifies that the construction is subject to all existing state and local laws, except for the provisions outlined in this act.
The substitute bill requires all lots resulting from a split to meet existing minimum review standards for subdivisions.
(In support) In this housing crisis, we need lots of options. New homes are unaffordable to families buying their first homes. Large lot sizes encourage builders to focus on larger houses. Lot splitting can be a major source of housing supply. Splitting residential lots allows for the creation of more homes, smaller homes, less expensive homes, and intergenerational homes. While it is sometimes possible to split a lot now, this bill removes some of the processes and prohibitions.
(Opposed) None.
(Other) This is a comprehensive change to local land use regulations, and it is not feasible for all jurisdictions to make the changes in the time frame provided.