General Penalty for Violation of Workers' Compensation Laws and Rules.  Every person, firm, or corporation who violates or fails to obey, observe, or comply with any statutory provision of Industrial Insurance (workers' compensation) laws or Department of Labor and Industry (L&I) rules is subject to a penalty not to exceed $1,000.
 
Penalty for Self-insurer Delaying or Refusing to Pay Benefits. Every time a self-insurer unreasonably delays or refuses to pay benefits, the self-insurer must pay a penalty not to exceed the greater of $1,000 or 25 percent of the amount due for each underpayment made to the claimant.  The penalty accrues for the benefit of the claimant and must be paid to the claimant.
 
When making the determination of the penalty amount, L&I must weigh at least the following factors:

• the amount of any payment delayed;
• employer communication of the basis for or calculation of the payment;
• history or past practice of underpayments by the employer;
• L&I orders directing the payment; and
• any required adjustments to the amount of the payment. 

The L&I director must issue an order determining whether there was an unreasonable delay or refusal to pay benefits and the penalty amount owed within 30 days upon the request of the claimant.
 
Penalties Adjusted for Inflation.  These and other penalties are adjusted for inflation every three years, beginning July 1, 2023, based upon changes in the consumer price index.

All self-insured employers and third-party administrators (TPAs) have a duty of good faith and fair dealing to workers.  A self-insured employer or a TPA violates its duty if it coerces a worker to accept less than the compensation due to them, or otherwise fails to act in good faith or fair dealing regarding its obligations.  L&I must adopt rules establishing additional applications of the duty of good faith and fair dealing as well as criteria for determining appropriate penalties for violations.
 
 L&I must investigate each alleged violation of the duty of good faith and fair dealing upon the filing of a written complaint or upon its own motion.  After receiving notice, the employer or the TPA may file a written response within ten working days.  If the employer or the TPA fails to file a timely response,  L&I must issue an order based on available information.   L&I must issue an order determining whether a violation has occurred within 30 calendar days of receipt of a complete complaint or its own motion.
 
If an employer or a TPA violates the duty of good faith and fair dealing, it must be ordered to pay a penalty of one to 52 times the average weekly wage at the time of the order, depending upon the severity of the violation, which accrues for the benefit of the worker.  In addition, if a self-insured employer violates the duty of good faith and fair dealing,  L&I may impose the following penalties:

• a maximum of $3,000 or 75 percent of the amount due, or the underpayment, for a self-insurer who unreasonably delays or refuses to pay benefits; and
• a maximum of $3,000 for failure to comply with an L&I rule or other provision pertaining to workers' compensation.

 
The duty of good faith and fair dealing applies to all claims regardless of the date of injury.